CN101633066A - Vacuum backflow electrolysis processing method and vacuum backflow electrolysis processing device - Google Patents
Vacuum backflow electrolysis processing method and vacuum backflow electrolysis processing device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vacuum backflow electrolysis processing method and a vacuum backflow electrolysis processing device which belong to the technical field of electrolysis processing. The method adopts a backflow liquid supply way in the process of electrolysis processing; and electrolyte enters a front gap from a side gap of a processing area to participate in reaction and is finally discharged from an electrolyte passage in a tool electrode. The vacuum backflow electrolysis processing method is characterized in that the backflow liquid supply way is realized by a pumping function of a vacuum generating device. The method and the device are significant for improving the stability and the processing efficiency of electrolysis processing.
Description
Affiliated technical field
Anti-electrochemical machining method and the device of flowing of vacuum of the present invention belongs to technical field of electrolysis processing.
Background technology
Electrolyzed Processing (Electrochemical machining is called for short ECM) is that a kind of electrochemistry anodic solution principle of utilizing is carried out the material ablation, and finally is processed into the technology of type.This technology has and not limited by workpiece material hardness, and crudy is good, and characteristics such as instrument is lossless, in industries such as aviation, automobile, weapons, mould manufacturings important use is arranged.
Hole processing is that a kind of typical case of Electrolyzed Processing uses, be mainly used in the hole processing on the hard-cutting material, as hollow cooling turbine bucket and stator blade, many small structures are arranged on it, particularly dark aperture and the aperture that is multidirectional different angles distribution, very difficult with standard machinery drilling method, the instrument consume is big; Adopt electric spark, Laser Processing that surperficial recast layer problem is arranged again, adopt then all obviously raisings of crudy of Electrolyzed Processing, also can adopt array electrode processing group hole, working (machining) efficiency is increased.Various die cavities, complex-curved processing also are one of important application of Electrolyzed Processing, as the die casting die cavity, and the casing die cavity of aero-engine, blade and leaf dish-type face etc.These parts have adopted hard-cutting material too, add trade union with CNC milling machine and produce residual stress, and the cutter consume is big, adopt spark machined then to have the recast layer problem equally.Recast layer inside often exists defective and residual stress such as slight crack, hole, and formation hair shape crackle easy to crack under the thermal stress effect finally causes part to be scrapped.This is particularly unfavorable to the aero-engine part that is operated under the hot environment, greatly reduces its reliability and service life.Adopt the method for Electrolyzed Processing then can not produce the recast layer problem.
When Electrolyzed Processing pore structure or die cavity/profile, the feed liquid way of electrolyte mainly contains two kinds, drag flow feed flow (Forward flow sees Fig. 3) and anti-stream feed flow (Reverse flow sees Fig. 4).The drag flow feed flow is meant in the Electrolyzed Processing that electrolyte electrolyte passage from tool-electrode inside under the pressure effect of pump enters the processing district, and conducting negative and positive the two poles of the earth make the anode material reaction, and take away elaboration products and heat, discharge in the gap from the side at last.The drag flow feed flow is owing to implementation method simply is widely used.But, some drawbacks limit the application of drag flow feed flow, wherein Zui Da problem is the less stable of process.The clearance space of drag flow feed flow is an expanding channel jumpy, flow section increases rapidly, flow velocity reduces and the pressure reduction rising, and the outside is generally atmospheric pressure, this just often makes the pressure at the electrolyte passage mouth place of electrode be lower than the saturated vapour pressure at this place, cause gasifying and the generation of cavitation, cause that processing is unstable even the spark short circuit occurs.In addition, among this expanding runner also can cause can't in time riddling machining gap from the electrolyte that water inlet ejects, thereby form the dispersion train of one strand.Will make workpiece produce the channel form dissolving when these dispersion trains are flowed through the side clearance, seriously influence surface quality.Anti-stream feed flow is the electrolyte that the pressure of pump is acted on the processing district, forces electrolyte to enter frontal clearance participation reaction from the side clearance of processing, discharges from the electrolyte passage of tool-electrode inside at last.Anti-stream feed flow needs and will seal the formation cavity between tool holder and the electrolytic cell, and sealing technology between the two is comparatively complicated, particularly for larger-size part, as engine flame tube, large-scale integral leaf dish etc., implements very difficulty of integral sealing.On the other hand, because electrolytic cell is airtight cavity during the processing, and the clamping and the replacing process of workpiece and instrument also will become very loaded down with trivial details during completion of processing, have a strong impact on working (machining) efficiency, and process is difficult for observing, so its application has been subjected to very big restriction.Therefore, be necessary to study efficient, the stable Electrolyzed Processing scheme that makes new advances.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to improve defectives such as anti-stream Electrolyzed Processing clamping efficient is low, proposes a kind of simple installation, is convenient to safeguard, can improve clamping workpiece efficient, is easy to change the anti-stream electrochemical machining method and the device of electrode.
Electrochemical machining method is characterized in that: state the swabbing action of utilizing vacuum generating device and realize that the anti-specific implementation process that flows feed liquid way may further comprise the steps:
(1), vavuum pump is connected the electrolyte passage end of electrode;
(2), inject the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell that clamps workpiece, and its liquid level is risen on the electrode end surface;
(3), during Electrolyzed Processing, start vavuum pump, the vacuum of utilizing vavuum pump to produce is drawn to the electrolyte between the two poles of the earth the electrolyte passage of electrode and finally enters the electrolyte liquid reserve tank, finishes the renewal to the processing district electrolyte inside;
(4), during Electrolyzed Processing, start solution feed pump when starting vavuum pump, regulate flow control valve by the indication flow of observing flowmeter and maintain the liquid level in the electrolytic cell on the surface of the work all the time;
(5), main shaft (17) drives the electrode feeding, carries out Electrolyzed Processing.
The anti-device that flows electrochemical machining method of a kind of vacuum, by electrolyte circulation system, the electrolytic machine tool body, control system three parts are formed, and wherein said electrolyte circulation system mainly comprises: vavuum pump, gas-liquid separation device, liquid reserve tank, solution feed pump and electrolytic cell; Described machine tooling body mainly comprises: power supply, machine tool chief axis, feed arrangement and electrode holder; It is characterized in that:
(1), this device also comprises vavuum pump, described electrode holder has internal vacuum, this cavity links to each other with the electrolyte passage of electrode and the vacuum pump inlet of vavuum pump respectively;
(2), described electrode and electrolyte liquor passage, vacuum chamber, vavuum pump, gas-liquid separation device, liquid reserve tank (12), solution feed pump, electrolytic cell are formed a complete circulate electrolyte loop.
The present invention utilizes vavuum pump to form vacuum in the vacuum cavity of electrode holder, is exposed to electrolyte in the atmospheric environment because the effect of atmospheric pressure enters the processing district, enters vacuum chamber.Vacuum is counter, and to flow processing different with traditional anti-stream processing mode, vacuum is counter to flow in the processing, because electrolytic cell need not sealing in whole process, be in (also being simultaneously open environment of observation and operating environment) in the processing environment of similarly opening with the drag flow Electrolyzed Processing, make the correction of electrode, the replacing of workpiece have and the same production efficiency of drag flow processing, but processing stability is greatly improved.Vacuum is counter, and to flow the device and the drag flow Electrolyzed Processing of Electrolyzed Processing similar, but its electrolyte flow direction difference, it is different to cause the machining gap flow field to distribute.The anti-Electrolyzed Processing that flows of against vacuum, when electrolyte entered the processing district, bottom surface, the discharge area dwindled gradually, can not produce the situation of feed flow deficiency, the dispersion of liquid bundle as the drag flow feed flow.With respect to the drag flow feed flow, the anti-electrolyte flow that flows in the processing district of vacuum is an approximate opposite process, and no matter under any flow, the pressure at the electrolyte passage mouth place of electrode can not reduce all the time, the generation that this has just fundamentally stopped cavitation makes processing tend towards stability.Simultaneously, gas that cell reaction produced and sediment directly enter electrode and flow out from the gap, bottom surface, and without the side clearance, make process greatly reduced by the influence of product; The impact that also makes the side insulation layer be subjected to electrolyte reduces greatly, has improved the service life of insulating barrier.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 adopts the anti-electrolytic cell schematic diagram that flows Electrolyzed Processing of vacuum.
Fig. 2 is the anti-Electrolyzed Processing system schematic that flows of vacuum.
Fig. 3 is the electrolytic cell schematic diagram that adopts the drag flow Electrolyzed Processing.
Fig. 4 is the electrolytic cell schematic diagram that adopts classical inverse stream Electrolyzed Processing.
Label title wherein: 1, workpiece, 2, electrolyte, 3, atmospheric pressure, 4, insulating coating, 5, electrode, 6, electrolytic cell, 7, electrode holder, 8, vacuum meter, 9, vavuum pump, 10, gas-liquid separator, 11, flowmeter, 12, the electrolyte liquid reserve tank, 13, flow control valve, 14, pump, 15, filter, 16, XY platform, 17, main shaft, 18, motion control card, 19, computer, 20, data collecting card, 21, Hall element, 22, D.C. regulated power supply, 23, electrolyte passage, 24, vacuum chamber, 25, main shaft proceeding equipment, 26, the slipper seal plate.
The specific embodiment
Among Fig. 1, under the effect of vacuum and atmospheric pressure 3 formed pressure reduction, electrolyte 2 enters vacuum chamber 24 enter the electrolyte passage 23 of electrode 5 from the interpolar processing district after, and the electrolyte of finishing machining gap upgrades.Electrode 5 can apply insulating coating 4 and carry out lateral wall insulation to improve machining accuracy.
Vacuum shown in Figure 2 is counter to flow in the electrolytic machining device, power supply 22, and machine tool chief axis 17, feed arrangement 25 and electrode holder 7 have been formed machine body.Motion control card 18, data collecting card 20, Hall current sensor 21 and computer 19 have been formed control system.In addition, vacuum meter 8, vavuum pump 9, gas-liquid separation device 10, flowmeter 11, liquid reserve tank 12, flow control valve 13, solution feed pump 14, filter 15, electrolytic cell 6 have been formed electrolyte circulation system.Electrolyte will carry out liquid gas by liquid-gas separator 10 before reclaiming separates, in case the generation of the quick-fried phenomenon of hydrogen.Electrolyte will carry out secondary filter through filter 15 before supplying to electrolytic cell 6.The flow of electrolyte can change by the power of regulating vavuum pump 9, to adapt to different processing situations.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 implementation process of the present invention is described:
1, with reference to figure 2, workpiece 1 positions by XY platform 16 after installing.During tool setting, apply test voltage about 1 volt at two interpolars by voltage-stabilized power supply 22, main shaft 17 low speed feedings, the variation of current signal is measured by Hall element 21, and 19 pairs of signals of computer detect and finish tool setting and set the initial manufacture gap width.
2, with reference to figure 1, Fig. 2, turn-on flow rate control valve 13 starts solution feed pump 14 and injects the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell 6 that clamps workpiece 1, and makes its liquid level rise to 5mm above (liquid level is specifically highly decided on electrode length) on the electrode end surface.
3, with reference to figure 2, Fig. 1 starts vavuum pump 9, and the vacuum of utilizing vavuum pump 9 to be produced is drawn to the electrolyte between the two poles of the earth the electrolyte passage 24 of electrode and finally enters electrolyte liquid reserve tank 12.Electrolyte enters the electrolyte passage of electrode 5 under the effect of vavuum pump 9, enters then in the vacuum chamber 22, and by vacuum meter 6 its vacuums of record.Write down the flow of vacuum draw electrolyte after the exhaust by flowmeter 9.Electrolyte in the electrolytic cell 6 comes supply by solution feed pump 12, and the value of flow control valve is set according to flowmeter 9, and the liquid level in the electrolytic cell 6 maintains the position that has configured all the time the most at last.
4, with reference to figure 2, power supply 22 is transferred to machining voltage, simultaneously by 17 feedings of motion control card 18 drive shaft, carry out the Electrolyzed Processing of hole or die cavity.
Claims (3)
1, the anti-electrochemical machining method that flows of a kind of vacuum, adopt anti-stream feed liquid way in the electrochemical machining process, even electrolyte enters frontal clearance participation reaction from the side clearance of processing district, discharge from the electrolyte passage of tool-electrode inside at last, its feature exists: above-mentioned anti-stream feed liquid way is to utilize the swabbing action of vacuum generating device to realize.
2, electrochemical machining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the above-mentioned swabbing action of vacuum generating device of utilizing realizes that the anti-specific implementation process that flows feed liquid way may further comprise the steps:
(1), vavuum pump (9) is connected electrolyte passage (23) end of electrode (5);
(2), inject the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell (6) that clamps workpiece (1), and its liquid level is risen on the electrode end surface;
(3), during Electrolyzed Processing, start vavuum pump (9), the vacuum of utilizing vavuum pump (9) to be produced is drawn to the electrolyte between the two poles of the earth the electrolyte passage (23) of electrode and finally enters electrolyte liquid reserve tank (12), finishes the renewal to the processing district electrolyte inside;
(4), during Electrolyzed Processing, start solution feed pump (14) when starting vavuum pump (9), regulate flow control valve (13) by the indication flow of observing flowmeter (11) and maintain the liquid level in the electrolytic cell (6) on the surface of the work all the time;
(5), main shaft (17) drives electrode (5) feeding, carries out Electrolyzed Processing.
3, a kind of anti-device that flows electrochemical machining method of the described vacuum of claim 1 of realizing, by electrolyte circulation system, the electrolytic machine tool body, control system three parts are formed, wherein said electrolyte circulation system mainly comprises: vavuum pump (9), gas-liquid separation device (10), liquid reserve tank (12), solution feed pump (14) and electrolytic cell (6); Described machine tooling body mainly comprises: power supply (22), machine tool chief axis (17), feed arrangement (25) and electrode holder (7); It is characterized in that:
(1), this device also comprises vavuum pump (9), described electrode holder (7) has internal vacuum (24), this cavity links to each other with the electrolyte passage (23) of electrode and the vacuum pump inlet of vavuum pump (9) respectively;
(2), described electrode and electrolyte liquor passage (23), vacuum chamber (24), vavuum pump (9), gas-liquid separation device (10), liquid reserve tank (12), solution feed pump (14), electrolytic cell (6) are formed a complete circulate electrolyte loop.
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| CN200910183828A CN101633066A (en) | 2009-07-24 | 2009-07-24 | Vacuum backflow electrolysis processing method and vacuum backflow electrolysis processing device |
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| CN102873418A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-01-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | Circulating filtration system for electrochemical machining electrolyte and control method thereof |
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| CN105195842A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2015-12-30 | 山东理工大学 | Electrolyte sealing device for tubular electrode electrolytic machining |
| EP3088115A1 (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2016-11-02 | Gramm Technik GmbH | Method and device for producing a workpiece |
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| EP3088115A1 (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2016-11-02 | Gramm Technik GmbH | Method and device for producing a workpiece |
| CN105195842A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2015-12-30 | 山东理工大学 | Electrolyte sealing device for tubular electrode electrolytic machining |
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| CN106964856A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-07-21 | 常州工学院 | It is a kind of to prevent the method and device of Electrolyzed Processing hole break-through short circuit |
| CN108161150A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-06-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Aspirate drain auxiliary double Yonug's slit hydrojet electrolysis cutting processing apparatus and method |
| CN108161150B (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-07-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | It aspirates drain auxiliary double Yonug's slit hydrojet and is electrolysed cutting processing apparatus and method |
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| CN108856920B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-09-03 | 上海交通大学深圳研究院 | The pre- hole drawing liquid chip removal method of enclosed integral blade disk electrical discharge machining |
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