CN101630875B - 电动车多功能电机 - Google Patents

电动车多功能电机 Download PDF

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CN101630875B
CN101630875B CN2009100199245A CN200910019924A CN101630875B CN 101630875 B CN101630875 B CN 101630875B CN 2009100199245 A CN2009100199245 A CN 2009100199245A CN 200910019924 A CN200910019924 A CN 200910019924A CN 101630875 B CN101630875 B CN 101630875B
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王福杰
张敬海
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Shandong Depuda Electric Motor Co ltd
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DEPUDA MICRO-MOTOR Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种电动车多功能电机,包括机壳、定子、转子,定子内安装有励磁绕组,机壳上安装有电枢接线柱和励磁绕组接线柱,电枢接线柱与电刷连接,励磁绕组的接线柱与定子的励磁绕组连接,其特征在于所述定子内安装有多组独立的励磁绕组,该多组独立的励磁绕组由串励绕组和2~4组并励绕组组成,机壳上对应设置串励绕组接线柱和相应数量的并励绕组的接线柱,串励绕组接线柱与定子的串励绕组连接,并励绕组接线柱分别与定子的并励绕组连接。本发明通过控制定子多组独立绕组的不同组合,从而获得多档速度,在每一速度档内可由控制电源实现无级调速。还可以在制动、下坡滑行时发电,回收机械能,提高电池的续航能力。

Description

电动车多功能电机
技术领域
本发明属于直流电动机领域,特别涉及一种电动车用的多功能电机。
背景技术
电动车一般使用直流串励电动机和直流无刷电动机驱动。直流串励电动机具备起动转矩大、制造成本低等优点,但不具备刹车,下坡时发电的功能。直流无刷电动机虽然具备刹车,下坡时发电的功能,但启动转矩相对不大,制造成本高,在应用和推广中遇到一些困难。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种电动车多功能电机,通过励磁方式和励磁绕组组数的改变,可以方便实现电动车的多档变速和发电功能。
本发明的一种电动车多功能电机,包括机壳、定子、转子,定子内安装有励磁绕组,机壳上安装有电枢接线柱和励磁绕组接线柱,电枢接线柱与电刷连接,励磁绕组的接线柱与定子的励磁绕组连接,其特征在于所述定子内安装有多组独立的励磁绕组,该多组独立的励磁绕组由串励绕组和2~4组并励绕组组成,机壳上对应设置串励绕组接线柱和相应数量的并励绕组的接线柱,串励绕组接线柱与定子的串励绕组连接,并励绕组接线柱分别与定子的并励绕组连接。
本发明通过设置串励绕组和2~4组并励绕组,可以变换励磁方式和励磁绕组组数,改变直流电动机的输出特性和转速。可以做成双速、三速、四速或五速。优选设置3组并励绕组,从而通过可以做成双速、三速或四速。设置在电动车上的控制***(如电器开关、电子开关或手动组合开关等形式实现)转换实现励磁方式和励磁绕组的变换,实现电动车的多档变速,从而减少电动车齿轮减速环节,提高机械效率,节约电能。
其中优选的技术方案为:
所述的2~4组并励绕组的接线柱可设置在并励接线盒内,并励接线盒安装在机壳上,使用方便。
本发明当串励绕组短路时是一台并励发电机。可通过设置控制开关控制多组并励绕组的数量来调整发电量。2~4组并励绕组串接的控制开关,可利用电动车上的控制***。在电动车刹车和下坡时使用。可实现机械能的回收,电机发电时为电池充电,提高电动车续航能力。
本发明并励绕组的输入端可连接电动车的控制电源(如可变电阻、调速器等),实现在每一档内的无级调速。
本发明的优点:
通过控制定子多组独立绕组的不同组合,从而获得多档速度,在每一速度档内可由控制电源实现无级调速。低速时转矩增大,档位越低转矩越大,高速行驶及上坡时比其他类型的电机更加省电,更加有劲,还可以在制动、下坡滑行时发电,回收机械能,提高电池的续航能力。
附图说明
图1为本发明的外形结构示意图;
图2为图1的左视图;
图3为接线位置示意图;
图4~图8分别为接线原理图。
图中:1机壳  2并励接线盒  3串励绕组接线柱  4电枢接线柱  5输出轴  6、7、8并励绕组接线柱
T转子  C串励绕组  B并励绕组  K开关  R控制电源
具体实施方式
图1~8为本发明的实施例结构示意图。以下结合附图说明。
本发明的电动车多功能电机,安装公知技术方式包括机壳1、定子、转子,定子内安装有多组独立的励磁绕组,该多组独立的励磁绕组由串励绕组C和2~4组并励绕组B(图中所示为3组形式的并励绕组)组成,定子的多组并励绕组和串励绕组按照公知技术方式用螺钉固定在机壳和磁极之间。机壳1上安装有电枢接线柱4、串励绕组接线柱3和并励绕组的接线柱,如图3并励接线柱设置为3组,分别为并励接线柱6、并励接线柱7和并励接线柱8。按照公知技术连接方式电枢接线柱3与电刷连接,串励绕组接线柱3与定子的串励绕组C连接,并励绕组接线柱分别与定子的并励绕组连接。
电机按图4接线时是一台串励直流电动机,适合于在高速状态下使用。当电机接线按图5~7接线时,是不同速度的复合励磁的直流电动机,分别通过一组并励绕组、二组并励绕组和三组并励绕组的变换实现电机三种转速的变换。相当于三个电控速度档。图5接线时是高速,图7接线时是低速,此时转矩最大,适合爬坡运行。在图5~7中并励绕组B的输入端可连接电动车的控制电源R(如可变电阻、调速器等),在三个电档速度档位内可以实现速度的调整。
当按图8接线时是一台并励的发电机(串励绕组C短路),在电动车刹车和下坡时使用。可实现机械能的回收,电机发电时为电池充电,提高电动车续航能力。通过设置控制开关K控制多组并励绕组的数量来调整发电量。
图3与图4~7相对应设置,并励接线柱设置为3组,电机可以实现图4~图7接线方式的运行特性。当采用图5所示的一组并励绕组时,只采用一组并励接线柱;当采用图6所示的二组并励绕组时,采用两组并励接线柱并联使用;当采用图7所示的三组并励绕组时,采用三组并励接线柱并联使用。当实现图4接线方式时,并励绕组不接入电路。
当并励绕组采用2组时,并励接线柱设置为2组,电机可以实现图4~图6接线方式的运行特性。
通过设置在电动车上的控制***,如公知的电器开关、电子开关或手动组合开关等形式实现励磁方式和励磁绕组数量的变换,改变电机的运行特性。

Claims (5)

1.一种电动车多功能电机,包括机壳、定子、转子,定子内安装有励磁绕组,机壳上安装有电枢接线柱和励磁绕组接线柱,电枢接线柱与电刷连接,励磁绕组的接线柱与定子的励磁绕组连接,其特征在于所述定子内安装有多组独立的励磁绕组,该多组独立的励磁绕组由串励绕组和2~4组并励绕组组成,机壳上对应设置串励绕组接线柱和相应数量的并励绕组的接线柱,串励绕组接线柱与定子的串励绕组连接,并励绕组接线柱分别与定子的并励绕组连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动车多功能电机,其特征在于所述2~4组并励绕组分别串接控制开关(K)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动车多功能电机,其特征在于所述定子内安装有3组并励绕组。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动车多功能电机,其特征在于所述并励绕组的输入端连接电动车的控制电源。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电动车多功能电机,其特征在于所述并励绕组的接线柱设置在并励接线盒内,并励接线盒安装在机壳上。
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CN101854089B (zh) * 2010-05-27 2014-11-19 张世兴 一种多绕组电动机及其智能控制器
CN101969258B (zh) * 2010-10-04 2012-08-15 孟庆良 双模式电动车驱动电机
CN105915011A (zh) * 2016-06-27 2016-08-31 江西东江机电有限公司 一种汽车刹车***真空泵无刷电机
WO2020135676A1 (zh) * 2018-12-29 2020-07-02 上海理工大学 串并励直流电机驱动装置及设备

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