CN101626078B - La-Mg-Ni negative hydrogen storage material for nickel-hydrogen batteries - Google Patents

La-Mg-Ni negative hydrogen storage material for nickel-hydrogen batteries Download PDF

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CN101626078B
CN101626078B CN2009101638930A CN200910163893A CN101626078B CN 101626078 B CN101626078 B CN 101626078B CN 2009101638930 A CN2009101638930 A CN 2009101638930A CN 200910163893 A CN200910163893 A CN 200910163893A CN 101626078 B CN101626078 B CN 101626078B
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刘华福
李蓉
吴建民
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BEIJING HARMOFINERY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a La-Mg-Ni negative hydrogen storage material for nickel-hydrogen batteries with ultra-low self discharge and durable memory property. The La-Mg-Ni negative hydrogen storage material comprises constituents in an atomic ratio of La (0.65-x-y)NdxDyyCe0.1Mg0.25Ni3.27Al0.13, wherein x is larger than or equal to 0.1 and smaller than or equal to 0.3; and y is larger than or equal to 0.01 and smaller than or equal to 0.05. The La-Mg-Ni negative hydrogen storage material is a compound in a complex-phase structure, and the phase composition mainly comprises two different A5B19 type compounds in different structures with different space groups, wherein one compound is in a Pr6Co19 structure in a space group of P63/mmc, the other compound is in a Ce5Co19 structure in a space group of R-3m, and a ratio of the two compounds is about 6:4. In addition, the La-Mg-Ni negative hydrogen storage material also comprises a small amount of Ce2Ni7 type and PuNi3 type structural compounds and can be used as a negative electrode material for preparing the nickel-hydrogen batteries with ultra-low self discharge and durable memory property.

Description

La-Mg-Ni negative hydrogen storage material for nickel-hydrogen batteries
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nickel-hydrogen battery negative electrode hydrogen storage material, relate in particular to a kind of La-Mg-Ni type nickel-hydrogen battery negative electrode hydrogen storage material.
Technical background
Metal hydride-nickel cell is since last century, put goods on the market the nineties, because that it has a capacity height, life-span is long, characteristics such as memory-less effect, non-environmental-pollution extensively receive an acclaim, and occupation rate of market is increasingly high.Cell types is also developed to other polytypes by AA, AAA common batteries, and product is widely used in electric tool, household electrical appliance, computer, space flight, communication and vehicle using motor etc., and development very rapidly.Along with the increase of metal hydride-nickel cell application, also increasingly high to the requirement of battery performance.Particularly people's memory property and self-discharge characteristics of progressively recognizing battery has very big influence to the performance of battery in recent years; The memory property of battery is bad will directly to cause scrapping of battery; And the self discharge of battery too senior general be unfavorable for the use of battery, also will cause waste of electric energy simultaneously.Therefore research and develop battery and become focus in recent years with long-term storage characteristic and low self-discharge characteristic.
The self discharge of battery mainly be since battery under non operating state, anodal oxygen is separated out to combine with the hydrogen of negative pole and is produced.And the self-discharge characteristics main method of improving battery is exactly to improve the anodal oxygen and the stability of hydrogen in electrode of negative pole.People have done many work for this reason; As positive powder is coated cobalt, improve barrier film and electrolyte, in both positive and negative polarity, add some stability additives etc.; These work have played some improvement effects really to the self-discharge characteristics of Ni-MH battery, but still do not tackle the problem at its root.
In recent years, add the AB of Mg 3～35Type La-Mg-Ni hydrogen storage material is because theoretical capacity surpasses 400mAh/g, and has good activation characteristic, becomes new research focus.The applicant is with La 1-xMg xNi 3.5Be research object, through adding different element kinds therein, thereby proposed a kind of cathode hydrogen storage material that uses for nickel-hydrogen battery of multiphase structure compound, this multiphase structure compound is P6 by space group mainly 3The Pr of/mmc 5Co 19The compound of structure and space group are the Ce of R-3m 5Co 19The compound of structure is formed, and two kinds of shared ratios of compound are about 6: 4, also have a spot of Ce in addition 2Ni 7And PuNi 3The type structural compounds.Battery research shows that the Ni-MH battery that utilizes this kind hydrogen storage material to process has extraordinary long-term storage characteristic and low self-discharge characteristic.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to obtain the cathode hydrogen storage material that the present commercially available prod of a kind of ratio has better long-term storage characteristic and low self-discharge characteristic, to satisfy storage characteristic and low self-discharge Ni-MH battery product demand for a long time through the composition improvement.
Specifically; The invention provides a kind of La-Mg-Ni type cathode hydrogen storage material that is applicable to Ni-MH battery with multiphase structure; It has extraordinary long-term storage characteristic and low self-discharge characteristic, and the atomic ratio composition of this La-Mg-Ni type cathode hydrogen storage material consists of La 0.65-x-yNd xDy yCe 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13, wherein 0.1≤x≤0.3,0.01≤y≤0.05.
Preferably, cathode hydrogen storage material of the present invention is La 0.65-x-yNd xDy yCe 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13, 0.1≤x≤0.2,0.01≤y0.03 wherein.
More preferably, cathode hydrogen storage material of the present invention is La 0.43Nd 0.2Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La-Mg-Ni type cathode hydrogen storage material of the present invention can be Pr 5Co 19Type and Ce 5Co 19The complex phase cathode hydrogen storage material that the type structure is mixed.
Preferably, Pr of the present invention 5Co 19Type and Ce 5Co 19Type complex phase cathode hydrogen storage material is La 0.65-x-yNd xDy yCe 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13, 0.1≤x≤0.2,0.01≤y≤0.03 wherein.
More preferably, Pr of the present invention 5Co 19Type and Ce 5Co 19Type complex phase cathode hydrogen storage material is La 0.43Nd 0.2Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La-Mg-Ni type Pr 5Co 19And Ce 5Co 19Structure cathode hydrogen storage material and AB 5Hydrogen storage material is equally by being prone to generate the elements A (like La, Nd, Mg etc.) of stable hydride and the intermetallic compound that other element B (like Ni, Al, Mn, Co etc.) are formed; Its charge discharge capacity mainly comes to inhale puts that the electron transfer in the oxidation-reduction process takes place the hydrogen ion in the electrolyte in the hydrogen process on hydrogen-bearing alloy electrode, it is following that the charge discharge of ni-MH battery reacts ordinary representation:
The charging reaction:
At negative pole, when applying an electrode potential to negative electrode, the water in the electrolyte is broken down into hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion, and electron gain becomes hydrogen atom to hydrogen ion on the cathode hydrogen storage material surface, is inhaled in the alloy, and hydroxide ion is left in the electrolyte:
Alloy+H 2O+e -→Alloy[H]+OH - (1)
Alloy representes hydrogen bearing alloy in the formula.
At positive pole, two valency nickel in the hickelous nydroxide lose an electronics and are oxidized to nickelic and combine to become nickel hydroxide with hydroxide ion in the electrolyte:
Ni(OH) 2+OH -→NiOOH+H 2O+e - (2)
Exoelectrical reaction:
At negative pole, be absorbed in that hydrogen in the hydrogen bearing alloy is released and be combined into water with hydroxide ion in the electrolyte, contribute an electronics simultaneously and form electric current.
Alloy[H]+OH -→Alloy+H 2O+e - (3)
At positive pole, nickel hydroxide obtains an electronics and is reduced into the lower valency hickelous nydroxide and discharges hydroxide ion and get in the electrolyte.
NiOOH+H 2O+e -→Ni(OH) 2+OH - (4)
As Pr of the present invention 5Co 19Type and Ce 5Co 19The example of type complex phase cathode hydrogen storage material, atomic ratio one-tenth is grouped into and can be:
La 0.54Nd 0.1Dy 0.01Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.53Nd 0.1Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.52Nd 0.1Dy 0.03Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.51Nd 0.1Dy 0.04Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.50Nd 0.1Dy 0.05Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.44Nd 0.2Dy 0.01Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.43Nd 0.2Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.42Nd 0.2Dy 0.03Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.41Nd 0.2Dy 0.04Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.40Nd 0.2Dy 0.05Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.34Nd 0.3Dy 0.01Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.33Nd 0.3Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.32Nd 0.3Dy 0.03Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13；
La 0.31Nd 0.3Dy 0.04Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13Or
La 0.30Nd 0.3Dy 0.05Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13Deng.
Pr of the present invention 5Co 19Type and Ce 5Co 19Type complex phase cathode hydrogen storage material can adopt conventional smelting method for preparing.
For example; Can be La: Nd: Dy: Ce: Mg: Ni: Al=0.65-x-y: x: y with mol ratio: 0.1: 0.25: 3.27: the raw material of 0.13 (0.1≤x≤0.3,0.01≤y≤0.05) be inserted the vaccum sensitive stove that vacuumizes the back and feed argon shield and is carried out melting and be cast into ingot casting, then; Ingot casting is carried out homogenizing in the heat-treatment furnace that vacuumizes afterwards and feed argon shield handle; Treatment temperature is 1020 ℃, and temperature retention time is 8 hours, treats to take out ingot casting again behind the stove cool to room temperature.
Pr of the present invention 5Co 19Type and Ce 5Co 19Type complex phase cathode hydrogen storage material can be used for preparing the negative pole of Ni-MH battery.Adopt Pr of the present invention 5Co 19Type and Ce 5Co 19Type complex phase cathode hydrogen storage material has excellent long-term storage characteristic and ultralow self-discharge characteristics as the Ni-MH battery of negative pole.
With the AB that sells in the market 5The type hydrogen storage material is (like the traditional cathode hydrogen storage material MmNi for preparing with identical smelting technology 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3, wherein Mm is the lucium that contains La, Ce, Pr and Nd, its each composition percentage composition is 65wt%La, 24wt%Ce, 3wt%Pr and 8wt%Nd) compare Pr of the present invention 5Co 19Type and Ce 5Co 19Type cathode hydrogen storage material La 0.65-x-yNd xDy yCe 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13The charge/discharge capacity of (0.1≤x≤0.3,0.01≤y≤0.05) significantly improves, and good cycle life is arranged.Correspondingly, adopt Pr of the present invention 5Co 19Type and Ce 5Co 19The long-term storage characteristic and the ultralow self-discharge characteristics of the excellence that the Ni-MH battery that type complex phase cathode hydrogen storage material prepares has than commercially available Ni-MH battery.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is La 0.43Nd 0.2Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13The X-ray Rietveld of sample composes fitting result entirely.
Fig. 2 a La 0.43Nd 0.2Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13Sample has been produced battery its capacity of insulation under 60 ℃ and has been reached over time and AB 5The contrast of the made battery of type hydrogen storage material.
Fig. 2 b La 0.43Nd 0.2Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13Sample has been produced battery its voltage of insulation under 60 ℃ and has been reached over time and AB 5The contrast of the made battery of type hydrogen storage material.
Fig. 2 c La 0.43Nd 0.2Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13Sample has been produced its capacity restoration characteristic of battery and time relation and and AB 5The contrast of the made battery of type hydrogen storage material.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is launched further description.But should be appreciated that following execution mode only is used for the present invention is illustrated and is not in order to limit scope of the present invention.
Percentage by weight according to each element of alloy in the table 1 is prepared burden; The alloy raw material for preparing is carried out the melting casting vacuumizing the back and feed in the induction furnace that argon shield is arranged; Then ingot casting is fed after vacuumizing and carry out the homogenizing processing in the heat-treatment furnace that argon shield is arranged; Treatment temperature is 1020 ℃, and temperature retention time is 8 hours, treats to take out ingot casting again behind the stove cool to room temperature.
The composition of table 1 embodiment of the invention and prior art is (wt%) relatively
Figure G2009101638930D00051
X-ray diffraction is the result show, this compound is mainly by Pr 5Co 19Type and Ce 5Co 19The compound of two kinds of structures of type is formed, and also contains a spot of Ce in addition 2Ni 7And PuNi 3The type structural compounds.It is La that Fig. 1 has provided composition 0.43Nd 0.2Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13The X-ray Rietveld of sample composes fitting result entirely, and its phase structure, space group are as shown in table 2 with each percentage composition mutually:
Table 2:La 0.43Nd 0.2Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13In contained phase and each mutually shared ratio
Phase structure Pr 5Co 19 Ce 5Co 19 Ce 2Ni 7 PuNi 3
Space group P6 3/mmc R-3m P6 3/mmc R-3m
Percentage composition 46.52％ 31.15％ 12.16％ 10.17％
The method of testing of electrochemistry capacitance is following: the hydrogen bearing alloy steel ingot after at first homogenizing being handled becomes less than 200 purpose alloyed powders in grinding at room temperature; Then will be less than 200 purpose negative alloy powder 0.25g and nickel powder 1: 4 mixed by weight; And add an amount of poly-vinyl alcohol solution as binding agent; The cake that is cold-pressed into diameter and is 15mm uses the [Ni (OH) that used positive electricity is very identical with Ni-MH battery as negative electrode 2-NiOOH] electrode, the Capacity design of positive electrode is the capacity far above negative electrode, so that negative electrode material reaches fully saturated when charging, [Hg/HgO/6M KOH] is reference electrode.In the electrode performance test process; At first storage hydrogen negative material is carried out abundant activation 30 ℃ of current densities with 60mA/g; The activation system is following: adopt the current density of 60mA/g to charge 450 minutes; Paused 15 minutes in charging back, then with the current density of 60mA/g discharge into the negative electrode current potential with respect to the electrode potential of reference electrode for till-0.5 volt, carry out the next round charge and discharge cycle again.Increase along with the activation number of times; Capacity of negative plates will progressively increase and be relatively stable following after reaching a maximum; Activation this moment finishes, and this maximum is decided to be the hydrogen storage capability of material under 30 ℃, will obtain the needed charge and discharge cycles number of times of this maximum and be called the activation number of times.
Maximum electrical chemical capacity test result and the traditional AB of activation number of times and prior art of the compound hydrogen storage material of each execution mode of the present invention that said method is recorded under 30 ℃, 60mA/g charging and discharging currents density 5Electrochemistry capacitance and the activation number of times of type hydrogen storage material under 30 ℃, 60mA/g charging and discharging currents density listed in the table 3.
Test for cycle life; Charging and discharging currents density is chosen as 300mA/g; Method of testing is following: at first adopt the current density of 60mA/g to carry out activation by the method for above-mentioned test capacity and activation number of times at 30 ℃ specimen, after activation is good, adopt the current density of 300mA/g that storage hydrogen negative material was charged 85 minutes at 30 ℃; Paused 15 minutes in the charging back; Then with the current density of 300mA/g discharge into the negative electrode current potential with respect to the electrode potential of reference electrode for till-0.5 volt, carry out the next round charge and discharge cycle again, in order to contrast convenience; The cycle life of sample is defined as the cycle-index when its capacity under this experiment condition drops to 160mAh/g, and its test result all is given in the table 3.
Table 3 hydrogen bearing alloy under 30 ℃, 60mA/g charging and discharging currents density activity function and electrochemistry capacitance (mAh/g) and under 30 ℃, 300mA/g charging and discharging currents density cycle life relatively (is 160mAh/g by capacity)
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000696416000011
Data by table 3 can be known: keeping a spot of Ce content, substituting La with Nd and Dy, when substituting amount more after a little while; Can improve the electrochemistry capacitance and the cycle life of alloy; But along with the increase that substitutes amount, the electrochemistry capacitance and the cycle life of alloy reduce on the contrary, but with conventional AB 5Type alloy phase ratio, though the life-span is poor slightly, capacity has very big increase, its high electrochemistry capacitance has reached 370mAh/g, far above the AB that sells in the market 5The electrochemistry capacitance value of type hydrogen storage material.
The present invention uses composition to be La in addition 0.43Nd 0.2Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13Sample has been produced battery and investigated its self-discharge performance, and its result is as shown in Figure 2, and is visible by figure, with AB 5Type hydrogen storage alloy is compared; No matter the battery of producing with this alloy be capability retention, voltage retention, or the capacity restoration rate is all keeping higher level; The advantage that highly significant is arranged, so this alloy is very suitable for producing the Ni-MH battery with ultralow self discharge and long-time storage performance.
In sum; At La-Mg-Ni is in the hydrogen storage material, suitable choice atom proportioning, and with the alternative La of Ce, Nd and Dy; When substituting amount more after a little while, what can obtain excellent performance is suitable for compound high power capacity, long-life that Ni-MH battery the uses cathode hydrogen storage material that uses for nickel-hydrogen battery.Its electrochemistry charge and discharge capacity reaches as high as 370mAh/g, far above present commercially available AB 5The electrochemistry charge and discharge capacity of type hydrogen storage alloy.With AB 5Type hydrogen storage alloy is compared; No matter the battery of producing with this alloy be capability retention, voltage retention, or the capacity restoration rate is all keeping higher level; The advantage that highly significant is arranged, so this alloy is very suitable for producing the Ni-MH battery with ultralow self discharge and long-time storage performance.

Claims (6)

1. La-Mg-Ni type cathode hydrogen storage material, its atomic ratio become to be grouped into and are expressed from the next: La 0.65-x-yNd xDy yCe 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13, wherein 0.1≤x≤0.3,0.01≤y≤0.05 is characterized in that, said cathode hydrogen storage material is Pr 5Co 19Type and Ce 5Co 19The complex phase cathode hydrogen storage material that the type structure is mixed.
2. cathode hydrogen storage material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, 0.1≤x in the above-mentioned formula≤0.2,0.01≤y≤0.03.
3. cathode hydrogen storage material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said cathode hydrogen storage material is expressed from the next:
La 0.54Nd 0.1Dy 0.01Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.53Nd 0.1Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.52Nd 0.1Dy 0.03Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.51Nd 0.1Dy 0.04Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.50Nd 0.1Dy 0.05Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.44Nd 0.2Dy 0.01Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.43Nd 0.2Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.42Nd 0.2Dy 0.03Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.41Nd 0.2Dy 0.04Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.40Nd 0.2Dy 0.05Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.34Nd 0.3Dy 0.01Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.33Nd 0.3Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.32Nd 0.3Dy 0.03Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
La 0.31Nd 0.3Dy 0.04Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13Or
La 0.30Nd 0.3Dy 0.05Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13。
4. cathode hydrogen storage material as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that said cathode hydrogen storage material is expressed from the next: La 0.43Nd 0.2Dy 0.02Ce 0.1Mg 0.25Ni 3.27Al 0.13
5. the application of any described cathode hydrogen storage material in the preparation nickel-hydrogen battery negative pole in the claim 1～4.
6. application as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described Ni-MH battery is the Ni-MH battery with low self-discharge and good memory property.
CN2009101638930A 2009-08-14 2009-08-14 La-Mg-Ni negative hydrogen storage material for nickel-hydrogen batteries Expired - Fee Related CN101626078B (en)

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CN102054982A (en) * 2010-10-27 2011-05-11 北京宏福源科技有限公司 La-Mg-Ni type negative-pole hydrogen storage material for low-temperature nickel-hydrogen battery
CN103094531B (en) * 2011-11-01 2015-11-11 北京宏福源科技有限公司 A kind of power-type La-Mg-Ni negative hydrogen storage material for nickel-hydrogen batteries
CN106086569B (en) * 2016-08-22 2017-11-14 河南理工大学 Multiphase Mg-RE-Ni hydrogen storage alloy and its application
JP7251864B2 (en) * 2020-04-10 2023-04-04 日本重化学工業株式会社 Hydrogen storage alloy for alkaline storage batteries
CN112708801B (en) * 2020-12-03 2022-04-22 包头稀土研究院 Single-phase PuNi3Preparation method of type superlattice La-Y-Ni hydrogen storage alloy

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