CN101624638A - Gas-burning reducing iron-fining furnace and one-step reducing iron-fining method thereof - Google Patents

Gas-burning reducing iron-fining furnace and one-step reducing iron-fining method thereof Download PDF

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CN101624638A
CN101624638A CN200910075148A CN200910075148A CN101624638A CN 101624638 A CN101624638 A CN 101624638A CN 200910075148 A CN200910075148 A CN 200910075148A CN 200910075148 A CN200910075148 A CN 200910075148A CN 101624638 A CN101624638 A CN 101624638A
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furnace
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reducing
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CN101624638B (en
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杜辉
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Abstract

The invention discloses a gas-burning reducing iron-fining furnace and a one-step reducing iron-fining method thereof. The gas-burning reducing iron-fining furnace comprises a reducing furnace, a heat accumulation chamber and a feed bin, wherein the heat accumulation chamber and the feed bin are respectively used for preheating gas and furnace charges and delivering the gas and the furnace charges to the reducing furnace, and the furnace charges inside the reducing furnace are melted to be reduced into iron and realize slag-iron separation. The gas-burning reducing iron-fining furnace has simple structure, small investment and small occupying area and is used for the one-step reducing method to fine the iron. In the one-step reducing iron-fining method, raw materials, gas fuel and combustion air are preheated by the waste gas of the reducing furnace before entering the reducing furnace, therefore, the furnace charges can be melted by being supplied with lower heat energy in a reducing area so as to achieve the purpose of sufficiently utilizing the heat energy and reducing environment pollution, energy consumption and operation cost. The one-step reducing iron-fining method utilizes non-coke fuel, thereby further reducing the cost, having cleanness, environmental protection, emission reduction and high heat efficiency and being used for one-step iron-fining.

Description

Gas-burning reducing iron-smelting furnace and one step reduction iron-smelting process
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Metal smelting field, specifically a kind of gas-burning reducing iron-smelting furnace and one step reduction iron-smelting process.
Background technology
Metallurgy industry ironmaking mainly contains direct method, blast furnace process and smelting reduction process, and blast furnace process remains main force wherein at present.21 century, Iron And Steel Industry faced the challenge of resource, environmental protection, economic dispatch each side, more and more expose its limitation based on traditional blast furnace iron-making process of coke, non-blast furnace ironmaking technology has characteristics such as efficiently utilizing resource, environmental friendliness, Production Flow Chart weak point and enhances productivity, and countries in the world exert to research and develop one after another.
The ITmk3 technology is the coal-based direct reduction technology that Japan Kobe Iron And Steel Company and U.S. Midland company develop jointly, and is the exploitative experiment that carries out in the new region of iron-carbon phase diagram.In this zone, carbonaceous composite pellet containing is under 1350 ℃ temperature, and in solid-liquid two-phase region reduction back fusing, and molten iron is easy to separate with slag.Use rotary hearth furnace as reduction apparatus in the ITmk3 normal process, the heating of raw material concentrates in the rotary hearth furnace to be carried out, higher to equipment requirements; Raw material will carry out mixed pelletizing group earlier, and this operation will have special machinery, occupied ground, artificial, and energy consumption is bigger; Make fuel with coal, the flue dust of discharging can pollute environment, the recyclable utilization of waste heat but be not used for iron manufacturing process.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of gas-burning reducing iron-smelting furnace, comprises regenerator, adds feed bin, reduction furnace three parts, wherein regenerator, add feed bin and with reduction furnace waste gas combustion gas, furnace charge carried out preheating respectively and be delivered in the reduction furnace; Reduction furnace is a main reaction region, makes the furnace charge melting and reducing, realizes that slag iron separates.This furnace structure is simple, less investment, and floor space is little.
Another object of the present invention provides an a kind of step reduction iron-smelting process, and raw material, fuel and combustion air thereof have passed through preheating before entering reduction furnace, and the fused heat energy that is used for that therefore needs the reduction zone to provide reduces.Preheating institute heat requirement is provided by the waste gas that reduction furnace produces, thereby has reached the purpose that makes full use of heat energy, reduces environmental pollution, and energy consumption, running cost reduce; This method main body reaction acts as a fuel cleaning, environmental protection, reduction of discharging, thermo-efficiency height with combustion gas.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of gas-burning reducing iron-smelting furnace comprises reduction furnace, regenerator and adds feed bin, wherein
Be provided with separate blast tube, combustion air passage, reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage I in the described regenerator; One end of blast tube, combustion air passage connects corresponding source of the gas respectively, and the other end meets at burner noz(zle) after going out regenerator, before going into reduction furnace, and nozzle production well and reduction furnace furnace chamber are connected; The end of reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage I and reduction furnace furnace chamber are connected, and the other end and atmosphere are connected;
Add feed bin and be provided with furnace charge adding passage, reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage II, furnace charge adds the outlet and the reduction furnace furnace chamber of passage and connects; The end of reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage II and reduction furnace furnace chamber are connected, and the other end and atmosphere are connected;
The furnace wall of reduction furnace is provided with slag outlet, molten iron outlet.
Described passage is a helical channel.
The present invention also provides the iron smelting method of above-mentioned combustion gas iron-smelting furnace, promptly one goes on foot reduction iron-smelting process, may further comprise the steps:
1. the furnace charge that is made in proportion by iron powder, slag auxiliary agent, coal is delivered to the furnace charge that adds feed bin and is added passage and carry out preheating; Simultaneously, combustion gas and combustion air are fed by corresponding passage, preheating in regenerator; The required thermal source of described preheating is by being provided by reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage I, the contained reduction furnace waste gas of II;
2. converge after going out regenerator, before going into reduction furnace through the combustion gas of preheating, combustion air, light a fire in the burner noz(zle) place, in the reduction furnace internal combustion, during temperature in the reduction furnace 〉=1000 ℃, to add reduction furnace through the furnace charge of preheating, near melted state, carry out simultaneously with fusing by carburizing through roasting for furnace charge, and its reaction is as follows:
a.Fe 2O 3+3CO=2Fe+3CO 2,b.CO 2+C=2CO;
B. along with the continuous adding of furnace charge, stratified slag and the formed molten subregion of molten iron up and down appear in the reduction furnace;
3. furnace charge enters in the reduction furnace, can enter the joint portion of molten sectional top slag layer and bottom molten iron layer, the heat energy of liquid phase substance and in liquid phase environment generation reduction reaction around absorbing, and the coal gas CO that reduction reaction produced overflows from liquid level, generates CO in the heating zone oxidation 2, and the generation heat provides thermal source for follow-up reduction reaction.
The ratio of weight and number of each component is in the described charge composition:
Iron powder 55-75 part, slag auxiliary agent 10-20 part, coal dust 15-25 part.
Described slag auxiliary agent is a kind of in Wingdale, rhombspar, fluorite, the calcium aluminate.
Described combustion gas is a kind of in coal gas, the Sweet natural gas.
Described coal gas is provided by producer gas generator.
Described combustion air is the oxygen-rich air of oxygen level 〉=30%.
An above-mentioned step reduction iron-smelting process provided by the present invention, its technological principle is:
1. furnace charge is delivered to and is added feed bin and carry out preheating; Simultaneously, combustion gas and combustion air preheating in regenerator;
2. through combustion gas, the combustion air of preheating, temperature is 800-1000 ℃, enters the preceding mixing of reduction furnace, igniting, in the reduction furnace internal combustion, 1000 ℃ of reduction furnace Nei Wenduda or when above will add reduction furnace through the furnace charge of preheating, and furnace charge enters that temperature is about 800 ℃ before the reduction furnace; After for the first time reinforced, furnace charge can occur with the heap shape in reduction furnace, though the surface is in the oxidation zone environment, its inside does not contact with oxygen substantially, furnace charge in reduction furnace through roasting near melted state, its reaction is as follows:
a.Fe 2O 3+3CO=2Fe+3CO 2,b.CO 2+C=2CO,
Wherein reacting b is thermo-negative reaction, the most active more than 1000 ℃, reacts required heat and stove internal heating velocity balance, it is constant that charge-temperature keeps, when reduction degree reaches 95% or when higher, the temperature that can observe iron begins to descend, carburizing is carried out simultaneously with fusing; Along with the continuous adding of furnace charge, because slag is different with molten iron proportion, can make to occur stratified slag and the formed molten subregion of molten iron up and down in the reduction furnace, along with the lifting of liquid level in the reduction furnace, reaction will be carried out under new environment;
3. the furnace charge of follow-up adding enters in the reduction furnace, reason owing to proportion, can enter the joint portion of molten sectional top slag layer and bottom molten iron layer, the combustion zone of furnace charge and molten subregion top separates, reduction reaction is under the oxygen-free environment fully carries out, react required heat combustion zone by top, by liquid slag to the furnace charge transmission, the heat energy of liquid phase substance and in liquid phase environment generation reduction reaction around furnace charge absorbs, and the CO that reduction reaction produced overflows from liquid level, produce heat in the heating zone secondary combustion, for follow-up reduction reaction provides thermal source.
Above-mentioned gas-burning reducing iron-smelting furnace provided by the present invention and one step reduction iron-smelting process have following characteristics:
I) ferric oxide under the hot environment is very serious to the destruction of refractory materials, and this factor has also directly determined the work-ing life of stove.The present invention is in the reduction reaction process of liquid phase region, because of carbon material distribution area big, so the reductive chance also increases greatly, even have a spot of iron charge not touch the carbon material, thereby be not reduced, also be the top that is positioned at molten iron after its fusing, contain carbon in the molten iron, the slag of top is an alkaline condition, so possessed the reduction reaction conditions needed fully, this part iron charge still reduction reaction can take place.
Experiment showed, that the content of ferric oxide is lower than 0.5% in the slag, can not produce any infringement, guarantee the work-ing life of body of heater, reduce the maintenance cost of stove the refractory materials of reduction furnace.
The ii) discharging waste gas that is produced in the reduction furnace, temperature is up to 1000-1400 ℃, and a part feeds regenerator, another part feeds and adds feed bin, is used for combustion gas, combustion air, furnace charge are carried out preheating, to make full use of heat energy that waste gas is with, cut down the consumption of energy, improve thermo-efficiency.
Iii) various channels designs become the coiled coil formula, with the gas that extends, the furnace charge stroke in passage as far as possible, reach the purpose that makes full use of waste heat.Waste gas through regenerator, add feed bin heat absorption after, finally put about 200 ℃ of temperature, greatly reduce calorific loss.
Iv) do not contain FeO in the finished product, various ferriferous oxides all are reduced, and the rate of tapping a blast furnace improves, and product purity improves.The carbon content of product can regulate and control by the add-on of carbon.
V) reduction reaction mainly is to carry out at liquid phase region, does not have any dust and discharges reduction furnace; The preheating of being separated by of fuel, oxygen-rich air, furnace charge, coal charge can not contact with oxygen and burn, thereby can not produce flue gas and dust, only can absorb heat.Therefore, iron manufacturing process is clean to be produced, and does not have source of pollution, and the consumption of bunker coal descends in addition, so the carbonic acid gas discharge capacity significantly reduces.
Vi) act as a fuel with combustion gas, overcome because of the influence of the sulphur that causes with coke: when sulphur content in the coke surpasses 0.8% coal-fired atmosphere in product inner quality, the fusion process, for guaranteeing the quality of the pig iron, must improve the basicity of slag, and the increase of the quantity of slag can make energy consumption significantly improve.The present invention utilizes combustion gas to make fuel, can significantly fall doctor negative content, makes burning more abundant, has also saved and has used the process of decomposing calcium, silicon under the coke situation, energy efficient.
As fully visible owing to adopted technique scheme, the present invention compared with prior art, obtained technical progress is:
(1) simple, the safety, reliable of equipment, input cost is low, and occupied ground is little, long service life;
(2) raw material range is wide, and fine ore, lump ore, coal cinder and coal dust all can directly be used, and produces all secondary combustion of coal gas, helps reducing production costs and energy consumption.
(3) technology is simple, easy to operate, and Production Flow Chart is shortened, and operation is arranged compact, is convenient to organization of production and management.
(4) realize cleaner production, energy-conservation, consumption reduction, reduce discharging, reduce the production cost of enterprise significantly, enhance productivity, have good economic benefit and social benefit.
The present invention is applicable to stage reduction method ironmaking.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the horizontal distribution structural representation of gas-burning reducing iron-smelting furnace in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the internal structure synoptic diagram of middle reduction furnace 1 embodiment illustrated in fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schema of the various materials of the present invention (furnace charge, gas).
Among the figure: the 1-reduction furnace, the 2-regenerator, 3-adds feed bin, the 31-35-passage, the outlet of 41--slag, the outlet of 42-molten iron, the 5-combustion zone, 6-melts subregion, 7-top slag layer, 8-bottom molten iron layer, 9-producer gas generator, 10-burner noz(zle).
Embodiment
Embodiment
Figure 1 shows that a kind of gas-burning reducing iron-smelting furnace, comprise reduction furnace 1, regenerator 2 and add feed bin 3.
Be provided with separate blast tube 31, combustion air passage 32, reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage I 33 in the regenerator 2; One end of blast tube 31, combustion air passage 32 joins with producer gas generator 9, oxygen-rich air source respectively, and burner noz(zle) 10 places of the other end before going out regenerator 2 backs, going into reduction furnace 1 are mixed and igniting; The end of reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage I 33 and reduction furnace 1 furnace chamber are connected, and the other end and atmosphere are connected.
Add feed bin 3 and be provided with furnace charge adding passage 34, reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage II 35, furnace charge adds the outlet and reduction furnace 1 furnace chamber of passage 34 and connects; The end of reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage II 35 and reduction furnace 1 furnace chamber are connected, and the other end and atmosphere are connected.
Form by two sections passages that spirrillum descends, spirrillum rises with upper channel 31,32,34,35, two intersegmentally are communicated as one in the bottom, and passage 33 is corresponding spirrillum.
The furnace wall of reduction furnace 1 is provided with slag outlet 41, molten iron outlet 42.
A step reduction iron-smelting process that utilizes above-mentioned gas-burning reducing iron-smelting furnace to realize may further comprise the steps:
1. the furnace charge that is made in proportion by iron powder, slag auxiliary agent, coal is delivered to the furnace charge that adds feed bin 3 and is added passage 34 and carry out preheating; Simultaneously, the oxygen-enriched combustion-supporting air of the coal gas that is provided by producer gas generator, oxygen level 〉=30% feeds preheating in regenerator 2 by corresponding passage 31,32; The required thermal source of institute's preheating is provided by the waste gas of reduction furnace 1;
2. enter reduction furnace 1 through combustion gas, the combustion air of preheating and burn, during 1000 ℃ of reduction furnace 1 Nei Wenduda, will add reduction furnace 1 through the furnace charge of preheating, near melted state, carry out simultaneously with fusing by carburizing through roasting for furnace charge, and its reaction is as follows: a.Fe 2O 3+ 3CO=2Fe+3CO 2, b.CO 2+ C=2CO; Along with the continuous adding of furnace charge, up and down stratified slag 7 and molten iron 8 formed molten subregions 6 appear, with reference to figure 2 in the reduction furnace 1;
3. follow-up furnace charge adds in the reduction furnace 1, because of the proportion factor can enter the top slag layer 7 of molten subregion 6, the joint portion of bottom molten iron layer 8, the heat energy of liquid phase substance and in liquid phase environment generation reduction reaction around absorbing, and the coal gas CO that reduction reaction produced overflows from liquid level, and 5 oxidations generate CO in the heating zone 2, and the generation heat provides thermal source for follow-up reduction reaction.
Charge composition is: iron powder 55-75 part, slag auxiliary agent 10-20 part, coal dust 15-25 part.
The slag auxiliary agent is selected from Wingdale, rhombspar, fluorite, calcium aluminate.
Various materials comprise that the schema of furnace charge, gas is with reference to figure 3.
Through experiment, gas-burning reducing iron-smelting furnace provided by the present invention and one step reduction iron-smelting process, as shown in the table with the production data contrast of traditional blast furnace process:
The contrast project Tradition blast furnace working system The present invention's one stage reduction method
Coal consumption (kilogram/ton) Coke 〉=450, cleaned coal 〉=180 Mark coal 475
Labour cost (unit/ton) ??28-32 ??20
Power consumption (unit/ton) ??20 ??12
Anti-material loss (unit/ton) ??10 ??5
Slag iron-holder (%) ??2-3 ??0.5%

Claims (8)

1, a kind of gas-burning reducing iron-smelting furnace comprises reduction furnace, regenerator and adds feed bin, it is characterized in that:
Be provided with separate blast tube, combustion air passage, reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage I in the described regenerator; One end of blast tube, combustion air passage connects corresponding source of the gas respectively, and the other end meets at burner noz(zle) after going out regenerator, before going into reduction furnace, and nozzle production well and reduction furnace furnace chamber are connected; The end of reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage I and reduction furnace furnace chamber are connected, and the other end and atmosphere are connected;
Add feed bin and be provided with furnace charge adding passage, reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage II, furnace charge adds the outlet and the reduction furnace furnace chamber of passage and connects; The end of reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage II and reduction furnace furnace chamber are connected, and the other end and atmosphere are connected;
The furnace wall of reduction furnace is provided with slag outlet, molten iron outlet.
2, gas-burning reducing iron-smelting furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described passage is a helical channel.
3, an a kind of step reduction iron-smelting process is characterized in that: carry out in claim 1 or 2 described gas-burning reducing iron-smelting furnace, and may further comprise the steps:
1. the furnace charge that is made in proportion by iron powder, slag auxiliary agent, coal is delivered to the furnace charge that adds feed bin and is added passage and carry out preheating; Simultaneously, combustion gas and combustion air are fed by corresponding passage, preheating in regenerator; The required thermal source of described preheating is provided by reduction furnace exhaust gas emission passage I, the contained reduction furnace waste gas of II;
2. converge after going out regenerator, before going into reduction furnace through the combustion gas of preheating, combustion air, light a fire in the burner noz(zle) place, and in the reduction furnace internal combustion, during temperature in the reduction furnace 〉=1000 ℃, to add reduction furnace through the furnace charge of preheating, near melted state, carry out simultaneously with fusing by carburizing through roasting for furnace charge, and its reaction is as follows:
a.Fe 2O 3+3CO=2Fe+3CO 2,b.CO 2+C=2CO;
Along with the continuous adding of furnace charge, stratified slag and the formed molten subregion of molten iron up and down appear in the reduction furnace;
3. furnace charge enters in the reduction furnace, can enter the joint portion of molten sectional top slag layer and bottom molten iron layer, the heat energy of liquid phase substance and in liquid phase environment generation reduction reaction around absorbing, and the coal gas CO that reduction reaction produced overflows from liquid level, generates CO in the heating zone oxidation 2, and the generation heat provides thermal source for follow-up reduction reaction.
4, a step reduction iron-smelting process according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the weight powder of each component is counted ratio and is in the described charge composition:
Iron powder 55-75 part, slag auxiliary agent 10-20 part, coal dust 15-25 part.
5, according to claim 3 or 4 described step reduction iron-smelting processs, it is characterized in that: described slag auxiliary agent is a kind of in Wingdale, rhombspar, fluorite, the calcium aluminate.
6, according to claim 3 or 4 described step reduction iron-smelting processs, it is characterized in that: described combustion gas is a kind of in coal gas, the Sweet natural gas.
7, a step reduction iron-smelting process according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described coal gas is provided by producer gas generator.
8, according to claim 3 or 4 described step reduction iron-smelting processs, it is characterized in that: described combustion air is the oxygen-rich air of oxygen level 〉=30%.
CN2009100751480A 2009-08-14 2009-08-14 Gas-burning reducing iron-fining furnace and one-step reducing iron-fining method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN101624638B (en)

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CN102409124A (en) * 2011-11-23 2012-04-11 李振洪 Continued ironmaking device based on melting reduction
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