CN101615806B - Phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device and compensation method thereof - Google Patents

Phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device and compensation method thereof Download PDF

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CN101615806B
CN101615806B CN200910114262XA CN200910114262A CN101615806B CN 101615806 B CN101615806 B CN 101615806B CN 200910114262X A CN200910114262X A CN 200910114262XA CN 200910114262 A CN200910114262 A CN 200910114262A CN 101615806 B CN101615806 B CN 101615806B
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phase
voltage
compensation
winding
reactive power
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CN101615806A (en
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骆武宁
海涛
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The electric limited company of Guangxi Nuo Sibei
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Guangxi Normsbay Electric Co ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics

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Abstract

The invention discloses a phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device and a compensation method thereof. The device comprises a control circuit, a detection circuit, a compensation capacitor and a compensation transformer; wherein, a secondary winding of the compensation transformer is connected to a bus after being connected with a capacitor in series; both ends of a primary winding of the compensation transformer are respectively connected to different phase lines or zero lines of the bus through a plurality of option switches; phase voltage, heterogeneous phase voltage or line voltage which is inphase with a phase line connected with the secondary winding is selected to be applied on the primary winding by controlling the break-make of the option switches; the option switches are combined to form a plurality of compensation gears. The device comprehensively adopts the way of applying the heterogeneous phase voltage, inphase phase voltage and line voltage on input coils of the primary winding of the compensation transformer and adopts transformation ratio adjustment to compensate secondary output, has simple structure but easily realizes dynamic compensation, high compensation efficiency and good compensation effect. The compensation device and method of the invention are suitable for all the voltage grades of the existing power grids and various places such as substations, electrified railways and the like.

Description

The phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Non Power Compensation Process and reactive power compensation device, more particularly, relate to a kind of phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device and compensation method thereof.
Background technology
In power distribution network, the reactive power that power generator is sent out and the power of power transmission line usually are not enough to satisfy idle loss in the reactive requirement of inductive loads such as motors a large amount of in the net, transformer, reactor, fluorescent lamp and the system, thereby often cause that power factor of electric network descends, the network system utilance reduces.In order to reduce meritorious loss and voltage landing, to reduce the loss in the electric power conveying, more, improve capacity and quality that electric power is carried for safe, economical, the operation efficiently of electrical network, all to carry out nearby reactive power compensation or adjusting usually.
Both at home and abroad electrical network extensively adopts at present is by switching shunt capacitor (group), promptly carry out reactive power compensation by the mode of change electrical network shunt capacitance value.Its method is: by Monitoring Line voltage and electric current, and the rated output factor; Drop into electric capacity when power factor lags behind, power factor is just excised electric capacity in advance.Specifically, can be subdivided into dynamic compensation and static compensation two classes again:
Reactive-load dynamic compensation: often be furnished with intelligent reactive power compensation circuit, because of it can carry out smoothly reactive power, accurately regulate, thereby its compensation is more flexible, efficient, quick, reasonable.But because its built-up circuit more complicated often, thereby acquisition cost is higher, early investment requires bigger.The user of limited fund often is difficult for accepting for compensation is less demanding.
Static compensation: often be divided into fixing or the compensation of classification stepping formula, generally relatively simple for structure, many switching executive components of making power capacitor with A.C. contactor, but impulse current was big when shortcoming was the building-out capacitor switching, switching speed is slow, and contactor is frequent owing to switching, and failure rate is higher.
Chinese patent 03135824.1 discloses a kind of method and equipment therefor of control capacittance reactive power: after compensation capacitors C and auxiliary transformer TB secondary windings in series or equivalent series, be connected to same bus, mutually same jointly with winding of TB; Make line voltage put on capacitor group C on the one hand, the additional electromotive force that the TB secondary winding is produced puts on capacitor group C in the other direction; Capacitor group C both end voltage is the mould of the difference of line voltage and additional electromotive force; By changing the tap number of turn or the equivalent number of turn of TB secondary winding, to change the size of TB first and second umber of turn than K and additional electromotive force, perhaps, also can by thyristor switch to the regulating winding of first and second winding just connect, reversal connection or do not fetch the equivalent number of turn that changes winding, and then the reactive power that changes capacitor group C both end voltage and sent.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention promptly is to provide a kind of and is applicable to the phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation method of existing all electric pressures of electrical network and uses compensation arrangement.
Indication reactive power dynamic compensation device of the present invention and compensation method thereof also are that the mode by shunt capacitor on bus realizes.
Phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation method of the present invention comprises the steps:
1) load side voltage, the current signal that insert on the bus are sampled;
2) calculate load-side power factor and reactive power vacancy, extrapolate the reactive power compensation amount of shunt capacitor;
3) calculate the target voltage at capacitor two ends, and according to the capacitor two ends and with capacitors in series after be connected to the real-time voltage at the compensator transformer secondary winding two ends of bus, calculate the target bucking voltage value at compensator transformer secondary winding two ends;
4) voltage at the elementary winding of adjustment compensator transformer two ends obtains and the approaching as far as possible bucking voltage of target bucking voltage value at the two ends of compensator transformer secondary winding;
5) result of this bucking voltage and busbar voltage phasor stack promptly obtains approaching as far as possible target voltage values on shunt capacitor, produce approaching as far as possible reactive power compensation amount simultaneously;
The voltage method at the elementary winding of described adjustment compensator transformer two ends is: the two ends of elementary winding are connected to the not isopen or the zero line of bus respectively by several selector switches; By the break-make of control selector switch, described elementary winding is selected to apply phase voltage, out-phase phase voltage or line voltage with secondary winding institute phase-connecting wire homophase; The combination of the different operating state of described a plurality of selector switches promptly forms a plurality of compensation gears.
The break-make of described each selector switch can be manual control, also can be controlled by control circuit.For example, this selector switch can select to adopt normally opened contact, thyristor, solid-state relay or other similar functions electronic device that can be controlled by the contactor that detects control circuit.
As improvement to above-mentioned phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation method, also can on described elementary winding, be provided with a plurality of taps, each tap is connected to the not isopen or the zero line of bus by selector switch.By selecting the actuating coil number of turn of elementary winding, cooperate to apply suitable out-phase phase voltage, homophase phase voltage or line voltage, can realize more grades, more accurate reactive power compensation.
As to above-mentioned phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation further improvements in methods, on described elementary winding, be provided with 4 taps; Thus the coil turn of the stage casing winding of Xing Chenging be the two ends winding coil number of turn 4-50 doubly.The two ends of described elementary winding, separately by 2 selector switches, the phase line that is connected to respectively with homophase that secondary winding connects reaches wherein out-phase phase line; The two ends of described stage casing winding are connected to zero line by selector switch.
Be the infringement of the overvoltage of avoiding transformer to electronic selection switch such as thyristors, as further optimizing again to above-mentioned phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation method, also can add afterflow protection step in the methods of the invention:, connect or equivalent series formation continuous current circuit with continued flow resistance and continued flow switch with the elementary winding actuating coil of compensator transformer or at the secondary auxiliary winding of setting up separately of compensator transformer; Before the driving switch of reactive power compensation switches, earlier closed this continued flow switch; After driving switch is finished switching, disconnect this continued flow switch.
Use the phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device of above-mentioned reactive power dynamic compensation method, include control circuit, testing circuit, building-out capacitor, and compensator transformer; The secondary winding of described compensator transformer be connected to bus after building-out capacitor is connected; The elementary winding of compensator transformer is connected to the output of control circuit; The two ends of described elementary winding are connected to the not isopen or the zero line of bus respectively by several selector switches; By the break-make of control selector switch, described elementary winding is selected to apply phase voltage, out-phase phase voltage or line voltage with homophase that secondary winding connects; The combination of the different operating state of described a plurality of selector switches promptly forms a plurality of compensation gears.
The break-make of each selector switch can be manual control, also can be controlled by control circuit.For example, this selector switch can select to adopt normally opened contact, thyristor, solid-state relay or other similar functions electronic device that can be controlled by the contactor that detects control circuit.
Detection and control circuit belong to existing mature technology, are not described in detail in this.
As improvement to above-mentioned phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device, also can on described elementary winding, establish a plurality of taps, each tap is connected to the not isopen or the zero line of bus by selector switch.During work, by selecting the actuating coil number of turn of elementary winding, and cooperate its selection is applied corresponding out-phase phase voltage, homophase phase voltage or line voltage, realize many grades of reactive power compensations.
As further improvement, can on described elementary winding, be provided with 4 taps to above-mentioned phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device; Thus the coil turn of the stage casing winding of Xing Chenging be the two ends winding coil number of turn 4-50 doubly.The two ends of described elementary winding, separately by 2 selector switches, the phase line that is connected to respectively with homophase that secondary winding connects reaches wherein out-phase phase line; The two ends of described stage casing winding are connected to zero line by selector switch.
Be the infringement of the overvoltage of avoiding transformer,, also continuous current circuit can be set in this device as to further the optimizing again of above-mentioned phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device to electronic selection switch such as thyristors; Described continuous current circuit is by including the elementary winding actuating coil of compensator transformer or at the secondary auxiliary winding of setting up separately of compensator transformer, with the loop that continued flow resistance and continued flow switch are connected or equivalent series forms.Preferably in the secondary mode of setting up auxiliary winding separately of compensator transformer.
Only be instantaneous generation owing to overvoltage, only short-term operation when selector switch is done the gear conversion of continuous current circuit (general handoff procedure＜100mS), so at the secondary auxiliary winding of setting up separately of compensator transformer, its line footpath can be very little, and, the number of turn needn't be too many, generally is taken as 1/2nd of elementary winding and gets final product.So it is little to set up the consumptive material increment of assisting winding to cause, the work copper loss is also minimum.
Above-mentioned phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation method and device are applicable to single-phase or three-phase alternating current power supply occasion.During the three-phase alternating current power supply, building-out capacitor can adopt Δ or Y to connect.
In addition, bus, compensator transformer secondary winding, and the formed branch road of capacitor in, but series reactor also, to be used to eliminate the bus harmonic wave.
Reactive power compensation device of the present invention and method, by on the input coil of the elementary winding of compensator transformer, selecting to apply out-phase phase voltage, homophase phase voltage and line voltage, can obtain direction and size bucking voltage that can change, suitable at the secondary winding two ends, many grades, wide region compensation are carried out in secondary output; The result of this bucking voltage and the stack of busbar voltage phasor promptly obtains approaching as far as possible target voltage on shunt capacitor, produce approaching as far as possible reactive power compensation amount simultaneously.Be engaged in compensator transformer and carry out no-load voltage ratio when adjusting, it is more accurate to compensate.Though the inventive method simply but realizes dynamic compensation easily, and compensation efficient height, compensation effect are good, also have the transformer over-voltage protection function, are applicable to various occasions such as existing all electric pressures of electrical network and transformer station, electric railway.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the single phase circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the single phase circuit schematic diagram of another embodiment of phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
Voltage on the-access bus
Figure G200910114262XD00043
-building-out capacitor both end voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00044
-compensator transformer secondary winding both end voltage (being called for short " bucking voltage ") T-compensator transformer
Q JustThe elementary winding Q of-compensator transformer T InferiorThe secondary winding of-compensator transformer T
The sub-winding K1-K12-selector switch of Q1, Q2, Q3, the elementary winding of Q4-
K0-continued flow switch R-continued flow resistance Q AuxilliaryThe auxiliary winding of-compensator transformer T
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device of the present invention and reactive-load compensation method thereof are further described.
Reactive power compensation principle explanation of the present invention:
With reference to Fig. 1.If the voltage on the access bus is
Figure G200910114262XD00045
Compensator transformer secondary winding both end voltage is
Figure G200910114262XD00046
The building-out capacitor both end voltage is
Figure G200910114262XD00047
Then three's pass is:
Figure G200910114262XD00048
Because the reactive power that building-out capacitor sends is: Q = 3 U C I C = 3 U C 2 / X C , Then by regulating U CCan adjust the reactive power compensation amount.
Suppose
Figure G200910114262XD000410
With Between the phase angle be Φ, then insert the voltage on the bus
Figure G200910114262XD000412
The building-out capacitor both end voltage With bucking voltage
Figure G200910114262XD000414
The pass be
Figure G200910114262XD000415
Figure G200910114262XD000416
Figure G200910114262XD000417
Figure G200910114262XD000418
As the above analysis, obviously, reach by artificial adjustment Δ U
Figure G200910114262XD000419
With Phase angle Φ, just can adjust building-out capacitor both end voltage U C
The present invention promptly is by at elementary winding Q JustLast selection applies phase voltage, out-phase phase voltage or the line voltage with secondary winding institute phase-connecting wire homophase, thereby the wider range that on secondary winding, changes
Figure G200910114262XD000421
And then reach the purpose of adjusting the building-out capacitor both end voltage, realizing reactive power compensation.
During use, with phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device of the present invention and be attached to the electrical network bus:
1) load side voltage, the current signal that insert on the bus are sampled;
2) calculate load-side power factor and reactive power vacancy, extrapolate the reactive power compensation amount of building-out capacitor;
3) calculate the target voltage at capacitor two ends, and according to the capacitor two ends and with capacitors in series after be connected to the real-time voltage at the compensator transformer secondary winding two ends of bus, calculate the target bucking voltage value at compensator transformer secondary winding two ends;
4) voltage at the elementary winding of adjustment compensator transformer two ends, method is:
The two ends of elementary winding are connected to the not isopen or the zero line of bus respectively by several selector switches; By the break-make of control selector switch, described elementary winding is selected to apply phase voltage, out-phase phase voltage or line voltage with secondary winding institute phase-connecting wire homophase; The combination of the different operating state of described a plurality of selector switches promptly forms a plurality of compensation gears.Select immediate gear and closed pair to answer selector switch, can obtain and the approaching as far as possible bucking voltage of target bucking voltage value at the two ends of compensator transformer secondary winding.
5) result of this bucking voltage and busbar voltage phasor stack promptly obtains approaching as far as possible target voltage values on capacitor, produce approaching as far as possible reactive power compensation amount simultaneously.
One, below in conjunction with the single phase circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device of the present invention shown in Figure 1, the invention will be further described:
Phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device of the present invention shown in Figure 1 is an example do reactive power compensation to be connected to bus A mutually.As shown in the figure, the secondary winding Q of compensator transformer T InferiorBe serially connected with between bus A phase and the building-out capacitor its elementary winding Q JustTwo ends be connected to each phase line of bus and zero line by selector switch K1 to K6 respectively.
As shown in Figure 1, by the break-make of control selector switch K1 to K6, can be to described elementary winding Q JustApply and secondary winding Q InferiorThe phase voltage (being the A phase) of serial connection bus homophase or out-phase phase voltage (being B phase or C phase) or line voltage, and 7 grades of compensation are carried out forward or backwards, are added up in secondary output.That is:
1)+3 grade: K1 and K5 closure, elementary winding Q JustOn what apply is that (suppose that K1 is connected to B phase phase line, then Ci Shi line voltage is line voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00051
).
Because line voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00052
With A phase voltage mutually Phase place have 30 degree angles, and its spoke value is U AN
Figure G200910114262XD00054
Doubly, so this moment: (establish this moment elementary winding and the no-load voltage ratio of secondary winding be i; Because the relative U of Δ U A goes intoSmaller, can be with following formula approximate calculation)
U C≈ U A goes into+ U BAXCOS30 °/i=U A goes into+ 1.5XU A goes into/ i=U A goes into(1+1.5/i).
2)+2 grade: K3 and K5 closure, to elementary winding Q JustOn apply forward homophase phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00055
So this moment:
Δ U=U A goes into/ i,
U C=U A goes into+ Δ U=U A goes into+ U A goes into/ i=U A goes into(1+1/i).
3)+1 grade: K1 and K4 closure, out-phase phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00056
Oppositely be applied to elementary winding Q JustOn.
Because phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00057
With A phase voltage mutually
Figure G200910114262XD00058
Phase place have 120 degree angles, reverse phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00059
With A phase voltage mutually Phase place have 60 degree angles, therefore this moment:
U C≈ U A goes into+ U BNXCOS60 °/i=U A goes into+ 0.5XU BN/ i
4) 0 grade: K3 and K4 closure, elementary winding Q JustBoth end voltage is 0, at this moment, and Δ U=0, U C=U A goes into
5)-1 grade: K3 and K6 closure, out-phase phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00061
Forward is applied to elementary winding Q JustOn.
Because the phase voltage of forward
Figure G200910114262XD00062
With A phase voltage mutually Phase place have 120 degree angles, therefore this moment:
U C≈ U A goes into+ U BNXCOS120 °/i=U A goes into-0.5XU BN/ i
6)-2 grade: K2 and K4 closure, with the homophase phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00064
Oppositely be applied to elementary winding Q JustOn. so this moment:
Δ U=-U A goes into/ i,
U C=U A goes into+ Δ U=U A goes into-U A goes into/ i=U A goes into(1-1/i)
7)-3 grade: K2 and K6 closure, line voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00065
Oppositely be applied to elementary winding Q JustOn.
Because reverse line voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00066
With A phase voltage mutually
Figure G200910114262XD00067
Phase place have 150 degree angles, and its spoke value is U AN
Figure G200910114262XD00068
Times, so this moment:
U C≈ U A goes into+ U ABXCOS150 °/i=U A goes into-1.5XU A goes into/ i=U A goes into(1-1.5/i).
Above-mentioned the analysis showed that, phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device of the present invention by the primary and secondary winding coil of compensator transformer T switching and apply different busbar voltages, cooperate the no-load voltage ratio relation, two-way many grades, and reactive power compensation as far as possible accurately can be provided.
Among the figure, be the infringement of the overvoltage of avoiding transformer, also be provided with continuous current circuit: by the elementary winding of compensator transformer, continued flow resistance R and continued flow switch K0 series connection formation continuous current circuit at the elementary winding of compensator transformer to electronic selection switch such as thyristors.Using method is: before the driving switch of above-mentioned reactive power compensation switches, and earlier closed this continued flow switch K0; After gear is finished switching, disconnect this continued flow switch K0.
Obviously, in the above-described embodiments, according to electricity general knowledge, it is that C phase, line voltage are that AC compensates mutually that the primary and secondary winding coil is applied the out-phase phase voltage, also is feasible.
To bus B mutually or the situation of C when carrying out reactive power compensation mutually, also can in like manner analyze.In this explanation no longer separately.
Two, the circuit basic principle figure below in conjunction with another embodiment of phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device of the present invention shown in Figure 2 does to explain to the present invention:
Compared to Figure 1, the elementary winding Q among Fig. 2 JustBe provided with 4 taps, then elementary winding can be considered by 3 sections winding Q1, Q2, Q3 serial connection and forms.As shown in the figure, elementary winding Q JustDistolateral and each tap of middle part is connected to bus zero line or phase line by selector switch K7-K12.
Still (alternating current 220V is designated as U to be adopted as the A phase among Fig. 2 A goes into) carry out reactive power compensation, adopting and applying out-phase at elementary winding is that electricity, line voltage are that the situation that AB adjusts mutually is illustrated to B mutually.As figure, elementary winding Q JustTwo ends, separately by 2 selector switch K7, K8, K11, K12, be connected to phase line A with homophase that secondary winding connects respectively and reach wherein an out-phase phase line B or C; The two ends of described stage casing winding Q2 are connected to zero line N by selector switch K9, K10.
(suppose that this moment, the parameter of compensator transformer T was: secondary winding coil Q InferiorNumber of turn N=10, elementary winding Q Just3 sub-winding Q1, Q2, the number of turn of Q3 be respectively N1=8, N2=90, N3=8.)
1) U A goes intoDuring=187V, selector switch K7 and K11 closure are with line voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00069
Be applied to that (the same example supposes also that at this K1 is connected to B phase phase line, and then Ci Shi line voltage is on the actuating coil that Q1, Q2, Q3 form
Figure G200910114262XD00071
).
Because line voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00072
With A phase voltage mutually
Figure G200910114262XD00073
Phase place have 30 degree angles, and its spoke value is U AN
Figure G200910114262XD00074
Times, so this moment:
No-load voltage ratio i=(8+90+8)/10=10.6,
U C≈ U A goes into+ U BAXCOS30 °/10.6 ≈ 213.5V.
2) U A goes intoDuring=203V, selector switch K9, K11 closure are with A phase phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00075
Forward is applied on the actuating coil of Q2, Q3 composition.So this moment:
No-load voltage ratio i=(90+8)/10=9.8, Δ U=203/9.8 ≈ 20.7V,
U C=U A goes into+ U A goes into/ 9.8 ≈ 223.7V.
3) U A goes intoDuring=213V, selector switch K7, K10 closure are with B phase phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00076
Oppositely be applied on the actuating coil of Q1, Q2 composition.Because phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00077
With A phase voltage mutually
Figure G200910114262XD00078
Phase place have 120 degree angles, reverse phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD00079
With A phase voltage mutually
Figure G200910114262XD000710
Phase place have 60 degree angles, therefore this moment:
No-load voltage ratio i=(90+8)/10=9.8,
U C≈ U A goes into+ U BNXCOS60 °/9.8 ≈ 223.87V.
4) U A goes intoDuring=220V, selector switch K9, K10 closure, voltage is 0 on the elementary winding, Δ U=0V.U C=U A goes into
5) U A goes intoDuring=227V, selector switch K9, K12 closure are with B phase phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD000711
Forward is applied on the actuating coil of Q2, Q3 composition.Because forward phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD000712
With A phase voltage mutually
Figure G200910114262XD000713
Phase place have 120 degree angles, therefore this moment:
No-load voltage ratio i=(90+8)/10=9.8,
U C≈ U A goes into+ U BNXCOS120 °/9.8 ≈ 215.4V
6) U A goes intoDuring=239V, selector switch K8, K10 closure are with A phase phase voltage
Figure G200910114262XD000714
Oppositely be applied on the actuating coil of Q1, Q2 composition.So this moment:
No-load voltage ratio i=(90+8)/10=9.8,
U C=U A goes into-U A goes into/ 9.8 ≈ 214.6V.
7) U A goes intoDuring=264V, selector switch K8, K12 closure are with line voltage
Figure G200910114262XD000715
Oppositely be applied on the actuating coil of Q1, Q2, Q3 composition.Because reverse line voltage
Figure G200910114262XD000716
With A phase voltage mutually Phase place have 150 degree angles, and its spoke value is U AN
Figure G200910114262XD000718
Times, so this moment:
No-load voltage ratio i=(8+90+8)/10=10.6,
U C≈ U A goes into+ U ABXCOS150 °/10.6 ≈ 226.6V
Learn easily by above-mentioned analysis: elementary winding is provided with a plurality of taps, each tap is connected to bus not isopen or zero line by selector switch, easily by selecting the actuating coil number of turn of elementary winding, cooperate to apply suitable out-phase phase voltage, homophase phase voltage or line voltage, realize more grades, more accurate reactive power compensation.
In addition, for Fig. 1, when selecting contactor as selector switch, if because the compensation gear shift needs, and selector switch transfers moment of K1, K4 closure to by K3, K4 closure, K3 occurs arcing easily and causes short circuit between B-N.And correspondingly among Fig. 2 transfer the moment of K7, K10 closure to by K9, K10 closure, owing to have the Q1 winding therebetween, just can there be this problem.In like manner, the selector switch among Fig. 2 transfers moment of K9, K12 closure to by K9, K10 closure, because can there be this problem in the existence of Q3 winding yet.So in this phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device schematic diagram shown in Figure 2, winding Q1 and Q3 have also played the effect of auxiliary arc extinguishing in addition.Only consider that auxiliary arc extinguishing does the time spent, two ends winding Q1 and Q3 coil turn needn't be too many, in general, this moment stage casing winding Q2 coil turn be taken as two ends winding Q1, Q3 coil turn 4-50 doubly.
By the explanation of the foregoing description as can be known, the phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device of this parameter has following characteristics:
(1) U CAdjusting range broad (187V-264V) can be realized forward and reverse reactive power compensation.And the idle adjustment amount of this moment (is U eDuring=220V):
ΔQ = ( Q MAX - Q MIN ) / Q e × 100 %
= ( 3 U MAX 2 / X C - 3 U MIN 2 / X C ) / ( 3 U e 2 / X C ) × 100 %
= ( U MAX 2 - U MIN 2 ) / U e 2 × 100 %
= ( 264 2 - 187 2 ) / 220 2 × 100 %
= 71.75 %
Obviously, its idle adjusting range is extremely wide.
When (2) adjusting between each grade, Δ U undulating value is less, and then idle adjustment is more even.
(3) because when between each grade, adjusting, what apply on the elementary winding actuating coil is to be respectively out-phase phase voltage, homophase phase voltage and line voltage, the Δ U equivalence spoke value that produces on secondary winding is 0.5 times, 1 times, 1.5 times when applying homophase phase voltage situation successively substantially, thereby objectively can reduce the number of turn of elementary winding actuating coil largely, promptly reduce the winding of compensator transformer and the consumable quantity of iron core.
In fact, also can select to determine the no-load voltage ratio of compensator transformer according to compensation precision, the quantity of coil tap is many more, and compensation precision is high more.
In this figure illustrated embodiment, be the infringement of the overvoltage of avoiding transformer to electronic selection switch such as thyristors, be to be provided with continuous current circuit: set up auxiliary winding Q separately in that compensator transformer is secondary in the compensator transformer primary side Auxilliary, connecting with continued flow resistance R and continued flow switch K0 forms continuous current circuit.Using method: similarly, before the reactive power compensation driving switch switches, earlier closed this continued flow switch K0; After gear is finished switching, disconnect this continued flow switch K0.
In addition, if when the bus harmonic wave is big, also can be in the branch road of this shunt capacitor, promptly bus, compensator transformer secondary winding, and the formed branch road of building-out capacitor in, series connection inserts reactor.
According to as above analyzing, in conjunction with electricity general knowledge, phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation method of the present invention and device are not only applicable to carry out single-phase reactive power compensation, are applicable to yet and carry out the three-phase reactive power compensation.During the three-phase alternating current power supply, building-out capacitor can adopt Δ or Y to connect.
The indication selector switch can be manual mode among the present invention, also can cooperate to detect control circuit employing contactor, thyristor, solid-state relay or other similar functions electronic switch.Detection that reactive power dynamic compensation device often comprises and control circuit belong to existing mature technology known to a person of ordinary skill in the art, and be neatly compact for keeping drawing, do not mark in illustration, also repeats no more at this.

Claims (5)

1. a phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation method adopts the mode of shunt capacitor to compensate, and comprises the steps:
1) load side voltage, the current signal that insert on the bus are sampled;
2) calculate load-side power factor and reactive power vacancy, extrapolate the reactive power compensation amount of shunt capacitor;
It is characterized in that, also include following steps:
3) calculate the target voltage at capacitor two ends, and according to the capacitor two ends and with capacitors in series after be connected to the real-time voltage at the compensator transformer secondary winding two ends of bus, calculate the target bucking voltage value at compensator transformer secondary winding two ends;
4) voltage at the elementary winding of adjustment compensator transformer two ends obtains and the approaching as far as possible bucking voltage of target bucking voltage value at the two ends of compensator transformer secondary winding;
5) result of this bucking voltage and busbar voltage phasor stack promptly obtains approaching as far as possible target voltage values on shunt capacitor, produce approaching as far as possible reactive power compensation amount simultaneously;
The voltage method at the elementary winding of described adjustment compensator transformer two ends is: the two ends of elementary winding are connected to the not isopen or the zero line of bus respectively by several selector switches; By the break-make of control selector switch, described elementary winding is selected to apply and secondary winding institute the phase-connecting wire phase voltage, the phase voltage or the line voltage of homophase of out-phase mutually; The combination of the different operating state of described a plurality of selector switches promptly forms a plurality of compensation gears.
2. phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described elementary winding is provided with a plurality of taps, and each tap is connected to the not isopen or the zero line of bus by selector switch.
3. phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Described elementary winding is provided with 4 taps; Thus the coil turn of the stage casing winding of Xing Chenging be the two ends winding coil number of turn 4-50 doubly.
4. phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
The two ends of described elementary winding, separately by 2 selector switches, the phase line that is connected to respectively with homophase that secondary winding connects reaches wherein out-phase phase line; The two ends of described stage casing winding are connected to zero line by selector switch.
5. phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, also includes afterflow protection step:
With the elementary winding actuating coil of compensator transformer or at the secondary auxiliary winding of setting up separately of compensator transformer, connect or equivalent series formation continuous current circuit with continued flow resistance and continued flow switch;
Before the driving switch of reactive power compensation switches, earlier closed this continued flow switch; After driving switch is finished switching, disconnect this continued flow switch.
CN200910114262XA 2009-07-29 2009-07-29 Phase-control reactive power dynamic compensation device and compensation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN101615806B (en)

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