CN101611689A - The construction method of oil tea short close morning of rich cutting orchard - Google Patents
The construction method of oil tea short close morning of rich cutting orchard Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the construction method of a kind of oil tea short close morning of rich cutting orchard, the main operational steps of this method is to select earlier to carry out garden ground farming behind the ground, garden, choose 1 year again～1 year half a lifetime the Camellia Oleifera Clones seedling build the garden, and press the density plantation of 0.5m * 0.6m～0.45m * 0.5m spring next year; And then manage adopting fringe tree, comprise soil management, the management of tree body and the adjusting and controlling growth of tree body and the intensity that fringe is adopted in control.Construction method of the present invention have the cutting orchard construction period short, output is high, simple to operate and advantage that cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of construction method of forest cutting orchard, specifically is the construction method of a kind of oil tea short close morning of rich cutting orchard.
Background technology
Oil tea (Camellia oliefera Abel.) is that the seed fat content is higher and have a general name of species of cultivation using value in the general reference Camellia, with oil palm, coconut and olive and be called the world four big woody oleiferous plants plants, be the distinctive woody edible oil materials seeds of China.Make full use of the oil tea resource of China's abundant and potentiality and the function of performance oil tea,, be significant for ensureing the vegetable edible oil supply, improve the edible oil structure, promote people's general level of the health, increasing the hill farmer income and improve the ecological environment.In recent years, the Chinese government seek effectively crack China's edible oil in short supply, ensure the grain and oil secure way in, country pays much attention to the work of grain and oil safety guarantee, development woody grain and oil industry is classified as the important behave that ensures grain and oil safety plan as a whole to dispose propelling, accelerate on the agenda of the referred government of camellia oleiferaindustry development.In advancing the all-round developing process of camellia oleiferaindustry, the construction of oil tea cutting orchard is to satisfy the basic guarantee that the oil tea breeding is produced a large amount of high-quality scion demands strong sprout.And the construction of China's oil tea cutting orchard at present mainly is to adopt " hat is changed in the big tree grafting of oil tea " technology; but, can't realize appropriate scale of operation and promote oil tea stock breeding level comprehensively because there are deficiencies such as technical difficulty is big, construction cost is high, fringe bar output is limited in this construction method.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of construction method that the cycle is short, produce low oil tea short close morning of the rich cutting orchard of fringe morning, output height, Functionality, quality and appealing design and cost of building.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above with following technical scheme: the operating procedure of the construction method of oil tea of the present invention short close morning of rich cutting orchard is as follows:
(1) at first carry out cutting orchard tree planting, concrete operations are:
1. ground, garden is selected: selective light is made ground, garden with shining sufficient, as to be convenient to draining irrigation gentle slope;
2. garden ground farming: whole in advance ground and to use sufficient base manure standby;
3. nursery stock is selected: select for use 1 year～1 year half a lifetime Camellia Oleifera Clones seedling to build the garden.
4. planting density: the density plantation of pressing 0.5m * 0.6m～0.45m * 0.5m.
5. plant: select cloudy day or little rainy day to plant spring next year.
(2) manage adopting the fringe tree, concrete operations are:
1. soil management: carry out the on the spot management work of intertill and clean tillage, the rational application of fertilizer;
2. set the body management: finalize the design and prune and plant child care work;
3. adjusting and controlling growth: adopt fringe, fertilising, irrigation in good time, suppress the formation of bud, promote tree vigo(u)r vigorous growth, improve fringe bar output and quality, and will smear bud and pluck young fruit and promote the young sprout germination and growth.
4. adopt the fringe strength control: reasonably adopt the fringe operation, the time of formally adopting fringe is since the 3rd year, the fringe amount 70%～80% of adopting in spring, and the fringe amount of adopting in summer is no more than 70%.
The described base manure of using when the farming of garden ground is carried out in cutting orchard tree planting is to be hybridly prepared into by following proportion raw material by mass percentage: farmyard manure or turf plaster 70%～80%, decomposed dung 10%～20%, bran cake fertilizer 7% and superphosphate 3% become thoroughly decomposed; The total amount of every mu of basal dressing is 1000kg～1500kg.
Described when nursery stock is selected, choose height of seedling 30cm is above, base footpath 0.3cm is above and root system is abundant Camellia Oleifera Clones grafting or cuttage container seedling.
Describedly carry out in the step of soil management adopting fringe tree, build the garden and foster in summer, autumn 2 times then, foster between May～June for the first time and carry out, simultaneously in conjunction with the drought resisting of the training root and stem of certain plants, carry out in late August to early September for the second time, pine soil depth is advisable to be no more than 10cm; Annual shallow shovel grass is at least 3 times after the 2nd year, behind spring, summer rain and the autumn drought carry out degree of depth 10cm～15cm before arriving; Suitably cultivate degree of depth 20cm～25cm the autumn and winter every year after the 4th year deeply 1 time.
Describedly carry out applying fertilizer in conjunction with fostering in the step of soil management, built the garden the 1st year, to execute the quick-acting liquid manure of concentration 0.3%～0.5% to adopting fringe tree; Respectively impose nitrogenous fertilizer once the 2nd～3rd year annual February～March, May～June, and every strain 15g～30g imposes composite fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer August～September, every strain 50g～100g; Fertilizing amount increases year by year after the 4th year.
Typing in the described tree body management process prune be by tree crown be nature brachycephalic and naturally the moulding of happy type to setting the body pruning of finalizing the design; The back of planting is carried out cutting back during to the high 30cm of plant～40cm and is done 2～3 major branches of selecting and remain surely; Later on annual autumn and winter season prunes.
Be to be the prevention and elimination of disease and pests of spraying of 1000 times～1200 times liquid of tpn wetting powder of 72% when carrying out the plant child care in the step of described tree body management with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and active ingredient percentage; Adopting fringe tree growth animated period, per 10 days～15 days is that 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone spray blade with concentration.
The present invention builds the cutting orchard of method and builds the weak point in term, generally only needs 3 years, builds the garden mode than routine and shortens more than 1 year; The output height reaches year in postpartum per mu yield fringe bud more than 350,000, improves more than 3 times than routine; And simple to operate, cost is low, it is big to solve oil tea tradition cutting orchard construction technical difficulty preferably, manages problems such as being difficult for scale, can also promote oil tea stock breeding level comprehensively, and be beneficial to the clonal wide popularization and application of oil tea.
Embodiment
The present invention's method of building mainly is to utilize clonal grafting of oil tea or cuttage seedling childhood to carry out high density newly to afforest.Because new afforestation dense planting cutting orchard is easy to gardening management and adjusting and controlling growth, therefore can obtain early stage high yield, and Functionality, quality and appealing design, output is steady.
The concrete operations step that the present invention is built method is done detailed explanation below:
1, cutting orchard tree planting
(1) ground, garden is selected: cutting orchard should be chosen in the stronger center of technical force, is convenient to management and with adopting with usefulness, improves the survival rate of seedling propagation to greatest extent.Concrete select to have a good transport service, physical features is mild, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, acid ground, gentle slope (gradient is below 15 °) to slightly acidic yellow earth, red soil, yellowish soil or red earth, require the illumination abundance, be convenient to draining and irrigate.
(2) garden ground farming: carry out the cleaning of ground, garden and cultivate whole ground entirely in autumn in the first year, winter, plough deeply 20cm～30cm, weathering is hack, basal dressing after one month, base manure can adopt by following mass percent proportion raw material and be hybridly prepared into: farmyard manure or turf plaster 70%～80%, decomposed dung 10%～20%, become thoroughly decomposed bran cake fertilizer 7% and superphosphate 3%, every mu of total fertilization amount 1000kg～1500kg.Base manure is executed down the back and is mixed thoroughly with original soil, and nursery stock is burnt root when avoiding planting.
(3) nursery stock is selected: employing is tested and appraised or forest variety certification committee member above the provincial level joint hearing (recognizing) is decided, grafting in half a lifetime in 1 year～1 year or cuttage container seedling of the choiceness of suitable local popularization are built the garden, and nursery stock is preferably chosen above, the basic nursery stock that directly 0.3cm is above and root system enriches of height of seedling 30cm.
(4) planting density: according to the density plantation that the concrete land occupation condition situation of cutting orchard is pressed 0.5m * 0.6m～0.45m * 0.5m, i.e. every mu of plantation 2000 strains～3000 strains.
(5) plant: select cloudy day or little rainy day to plant spring next year.Plant according to the density of determining, during field planting, in the cave nursery stock container is torn earlier, earth up then, and tread along nutrition soil periphery, do not allow the shoot root clods breaking scatter, water sufficient normal root water, the overlay tree dish is preserved moisture.
2, adopt the management of fringe tree
(1) soil management:
1. intertill and clean tillage: build the garden and foster in summer, autumn 2 times then, foster between May～June for the first time and carry out, in conjunction with the drought resisting of the training root and stem of certain plants, carry out in late August to early September for the second time simultaneously, pine soil depth is advisable to be no more than 10cm; Annual shallow shovel grass is at least 3 times after the 2nd year, behind spring, summer rain and the autumn drought carry out degree of depth 10cm～15cm before arriving; Can suitably cultivate degree of depth 20cm～25cm deeply 1 time the autumn and winter in every year after the 4th year.
2. the rational application of fertilizer: apply fertilizer in conjunction with fostering, built the garden the 1st year, to execute quick-acting liquid manure, as night soil or the peanut press pulp that becomes thoroughly decomposed dilution liquid manure, concentration 0.3%～0.5%; The 2nd year～the 3rd year spring and summer is based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer, autumn and winter is based on composite fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, annual February～March, May～June respectively impose nitrogenous fertilizer once, every strain 15g～30g, overcast and rainy or rainy before, execute down in plant tree crown drip scope trench digging, impose composite fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer August～September, every strain 50g～100g; Fertilizing amount increases year by year after the 4th year, according to the situation of growing and adopt fringe intensity and supply with, applies fertilizer before young sprout is sprouted with after adopting fringe, and enriches long-acting fertilizer again in conjunction with cultivating winter.
(2) tree body management:
1. typing is pruned: because of prunings that formalize of tree suiting measures to different conditions, based on light pruning, unsuitable heavy pruning is cultivated nature brachycephalic and type tree crown happily naturally by pruning moulding, makes tree crown full according to plant tree body structure, branching habit, and the fringe bar is sturdy; The back of planting is carried out cutting back during to the high 30cm of plant～40cm and is done 2～3 major branches of selecting and remain surely; Later on annual autumn and winter season prunes.The branch of cutting back top excessive growth inspires side shoot and expands rapidly, dredges the side shoot of deleting the state that becomes to grow thickly, cuts off the overstocked branch of base portion, thin and delicate branch and some branches of hanging down loosely downwards.
2. plant child care: according to generation, development and the mechanics of damage by disease and insect in the garden, adopt an effective measure and in time prevent and treat, noticing during the medication control that various sterilizations, insecticide are used alternatingly in order to avoid produce drug resistance, is 72% 1000 times～1200 times liquid sprayings of tpn wetting powder prevention and elimination of disease and pests with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and active ingredient percentage; Adopting fringe tree growth animated period, in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, foliage fertilization was 1 time in per 10 days～15 days, was that 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone spray blade with concentration promptly.
(3) adjusting and controlling growth: according to the biological property of oil tea, in management process, nourish and grow and the regulation and control of reproductive growth,, suppress the formation of bud, promote tree vigo(u)r vigorous growth, improve fringe bar output and quality by adopt fringe, fertilising, irrigation in good time; And to smear bud and pluck young fruit promotion young sprout germination and growth.
(4) adopt the fringe strength control: rationally adopt fringe, the intensity that fringe is adopted in control was formally adopted fringe since the 3rd year, and the fringe amount of adopting of adopting fringe amount 70%～80%, summer in spring is no more than 70%.
Below be that the inventor uses the example that the inventive method is carried out oil tea short close morning of rich cutting orchard construction:
Example 1:2004 adopts 1 year living cuttage container seedling forestation of Camellia Oleifera Clones Cen soft No. 2, No. 3 May, the garden base manure of using is the mixed raw material one-tenth by following mass percent: farmyard manure 70%, decomposed dung 20%, become thoroughly decomposed bran cake fertilizer 7% and superphosphate 3%, every mu of total fertilization amount 1200kg.By rational soil management, the management of tree body and adjusting and controlling growth, adopt fringe the 3rd year beginning spring, summer, a year per mu yield fringe bud amount reaches 35.3 ten thousand.
Example 2:2005 makes preparation for ploughing and sowing October with beginning cutting orchard, and before planting seedlings the dispensing base manure, the garden base manure of using is the mixed raw material one-tenth by following mass percent: turf plaster 80%, decomposed dung 10%, become thoroughly decomposed bran cake fertilizer 7% and superphosphate 3%, every mu of total fertilization amount 1500kg.The grafting container seedling afforestation in 1 year half a lifetime of adopt the Camellia Oleifera Clones Cen in March, 2006 soft No. 2, No. 3 and No. 11 begins then to carry out tighten management, and carried out 1 to 2 foliage spray in every month, can begin slightly to adopt fringe in summer in 2007.
Claims (7)
1. the construction method of oil tea short close morning of rich cutting orchard is characterized in that the operating procedure of this method is as follows:
(1) at first carry out cutting orchard tree planting, concrete operations are:
1. ground, garden is selected: selective light is made ground, garden with shining sufficient, as to be convenient to draining irrigation gentle slope;
2. garden ground farming: whole in advance ground and to use sufficient base manure standby;
3. nursery stock is selected: select for use 1 year～1 year half a lifetime Camellia Oleifera Clones seedling to build the garden.
4. planting density: the density plantation of pressing 0.5m * 0.6m～0.45m * 0.5m;
5. plant: select cloudy day or little rainy day to plant spring next year;
(2) manage adopting the fringe tree, concrete operations are:
1. soil management: carry out the on the spot management work of intertill and clean tillage, the rational application of fertilizer;
2. set the body management: finalize the design and prune and plant child care work;
3. adjusting and controlling growth: adopt fringe, fertilising, irrigation in good time, suppress the formation of bud, promote tree vigo(u)r vigorous growth, improve fringe bar output and quality, and will smear bud and pluck young fruit and promote the young sprout germination and growth;
4. adopt the fringe strength control: reasonably adopt the fringe operation, the time of formally adopting fringe is since the 3rd year, the fringe amount 70%～80% of adopting in spring, and the fringe amount of adopting in summer is no more than 70%.
2. according to the construction method of the described oil tea of claim 1 short close morning of rich cutting orchard, it is characterized in that: the described base manure of using when the farming of garden ground is carried out in cutting orchard tree planting is to be hybridly prepared into by following proportion raw material by mass percentage: farmyard manure or turf plaster 70%～80%, decomposed dung 10%～20%, bran cake fertilizer 7% and superphosphate 3% become thoroughly decomposed; The total amount of every mu of basal dressing is 1000kg～1500kg.
3. according to the construction method of the described oil tea of claim 1 short close morning of rich cutting orchard, it is characterized in that: described when nursery stock is selected, choose height of seedling 30cm is above, base footpath 0.3cm is above and root system is abundant Camellia Oleifera Clones grafting or cuttage container seedling.
4. according to the construction method of the described oil tea of claim 1 short close morning of rich cutting orchard, it is characterized in that: carry out in the step of soil management adopting the fringe tree, building the garden fosters in summer, autumn 2 times then, foster between May～June for the first time and carry out, simultaneously in conjunction with the drought resisting of the training root and stem of certain plants, carry out in late August to early September for the second time, pine soil depth is advisable to be no more than 10cm; Annual shallow shovel grass is at least 3 times after the 2nd year, behind spring, summer rain and the autumn drought carry out degree of depth 10cm～15cm before arriving; Suitably cultivate degree of depth 20cm～25cm the autumn and winter every year after the 4th year deeply 1 time.
5. according to the construction method of the described oil tea of claim 1 short close morning of rich cutting orchard, it is characterized in that: carry out applying fertilizer in conjunction with fostering in the step of soil management to adopting fringe tree, built the garden the 1st year, to execute the quick-acting liquid manure of concentration 0.3%～0.5%; Respectively impose nitrogenous fertilizer once the 2nd～3rd year annual February～March, May～June, and every strain 15g～30g imposes composite fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer August～September, every strain 50g～100g; Fertilizing amount increases year by year after the 4th year.
6. according to the construction method of the described oil tea of claim 1 short close morning of rich cutting orchard, it is characterized in that: typing in the described tree body management process prune be by tree crown be nature brachycephalic and naturally the moulding of happy type to setting the body pruning of finalizing the design; The back of planting is carried out cutting back during to the high 30cm of plant～40cm and is done 2～3 major branches of selecting and remain surely; Later on annual autumn and winter season prunes.
7. according to the construction method of the described oil tea of claim 1 short close morning of rich cutting orchard, it is characterized in that: be to be the prevention and elimination of disease and pests of spraying of 1000 times～1200 times liquid of tpn wetting powder of 72% when carrying out the plant child care in the step of described tree body management with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and active ingredient percentage; Adopting fringe tree growth animated period, per 10 days～15 days is that 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone spray blade with concentration.
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| CN102771304A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2012-11-14 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for cuttage seedling of buerretiodendron hsienmu at all seasons |
| CN103960041A (en) * | 2014-06-01 | 2014-08-06 | 瑞金市绿野轩林业有限责任公司 | Artificial large-cave soil preparation tea-oil tree forest planting and cave expansion associated method in mountainous area |
| CN104094716A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-10-15 | 瑞金市绿野轩林业有限责任公司 | Method for promoting tea-oil tree leaf falling restoration by spraying leaf fertilizer and pesticide |
| CN104221673A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-12-24 | 广西师范大学 | Method for cultivating golden camellia under eucalyptus forest |
| CN104303801A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-01-28 | 袁昌选 | Cultivation method of oil-tea camelia dwarfing multi-branch seedlings |
| CN104429673A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-03-25 | 袁昌选 | Method for conducting layered branch stretching and crown extending on seedlings of tea-oil trees |
| CN104756746A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-08 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Buerretiodendron hsienmu high yield and high quality cutting slip cultivating method |
| CN105191723A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-30 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Camellia oleifera planting method |
| CN105284541A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-03 | 贺友德 | Henhouse rhizome-cultivation film-covering afforestation transplantation method |
| CN105494003A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-20 | 广西师范大学 | Early high-yield cultivation method adopting improved Camellia oleifera variety cutting orchard |
| CN105557418A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-11 | 朱孝军 | Tea-oil tree dwarfing close-planting high-yield afforestation planting method |
| CN105557419A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-11 | 朱孝军 | Tea-oil tree direct-sowing afforestation method |
| CN105724106A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-06 | 溧阳市金泉生态科技园有限公司 | Rapid tea seedling culture method |
| CN108849193A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-23 | 云南省林业科学院油茶研究所 | A method of fringe bar being cultivated in nursery lot using oil tea seedling |
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| CN1258434A (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2000-07-05 | 衡东县*** | Cloning technology for high-yield tea-oil tree |
| CN101124877A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2008-02-20 | 攸县*** | Growing seedlings method for oil-tea sprout with grafting container cup |
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| CN103960041A (en) * | 2014-06-01 | 2014-08-06 | 瑞金市绿野轩林业有限责任公司 | Artificial large-cave soil preparation tea-oil tree forest planting and cave expansion associated method in mountainous area |
| CN103960041B (en) * | 2014-06-01 | 2015-12-30 | 瑞金市绿野轩林业有限责任公司 | Artificial large cave, mountain area is made camellia oleifera lam wholely and is expanded the related method in cave |
| CN104094716A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-10-15 | 瑞金市绿野轩林业有限责任公司 | Method for promoting tea-oil tree leaf falling restoration by spraying leaf fertilizer and pesticide |
| CN104221673B (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-01-20 | 广西师范大学 | The cultivation method of Camellia nitidissima under a kind of Eucalyptus Stand |
| CN104221673A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-12-24 | 广西师范大学 | Method for cultivating golden camellia under eucalyptus forest |
| CN104303801A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-01-28 | 袁昌选 | Cultivation method of oil-tea camelia dwarfing multi-branch seedlings |
| CN104429673A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-03-25 | 袁昌选 | Method for conducting layered branch stretching and crown extending on seedlings of tea-oil trees |
| CN104756746A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-08 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Buerretiodendron hsienmu high yield and high quality cutting slip cultivating method |
| CN105191723A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-30 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Camellia oleifera planting method |
| CN105284541A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-03 | 贺友德 | Henhouse rhizome-cultivation film-covering afforestation transplantation method |
| CN105494003A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-20 | 广西师范大学 | Early high-yield cultivation method adopting improved Camellia oleifera variety cutting orchard |
| CN105557418A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-11 | 朱孝军 | Tea-oil tree dwarfing close-planting high-yield afforestation planting method |
| CN105557419A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-11 | 朱孝军 | Tea-oil tree direct-sowing afforestation method |
| CN105724106A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-06 | 溧阳市金泉生态科技园有限公司 | Rapid tea seedling culture method |
| CN108849193A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-23 | 云南省林业科学院油茶研究所 | A method of fringe bar being cultivated in nursery lot using oil tea seedling |
| CN112189468A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2021-01-08 | 湖南大三湘苗木园艺有限责任公司 | Method for interplanting camellia oleifera and cultivating large seedlings in greening broad-leaved forest |
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