CN101609157A - The physical simulation experiment method and the device that are used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface - Google Patents
The physical simulation experiment method and the device that are used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN101609157A CN101609157A CNA2009100888110A CN200910088811A CN101609157A CN 101609157 A CN101609157 A CN 101609157A CN A2009100888110 A CNA2009100888110 A CN A2009100888110A CN 200910088811 A CN200910088811 A CN 200910088811A CN 101609157 A CN101609157 A CN 101609157A
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000476 body water Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of physical simulation experiment method and device that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface, utilize strain gauge that the relevant seismic zone FAULT MODEL made from certain proportion according to the actual landform landforms is carried out the internal stress variation monitoring, calculate shearing force size between the different phase earthquake triggering cross section surface in conjunction with seismic zone fault mechanics model and mathematical formulae, draw the shearing force size with time curve and shows the internal stress numerical values recited at any time.Realized that utilization can be surveyed disturbing force and the respective function relation derivation goes out the shearing force change procedure that can not survey fault surface, really realized leading, the real-time early warning forecast of earthquake disaster.Total is reasonable in design, and is easy to use, and simulate effect is true to nature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering earthquake disaster prediction forecast field, relate in particular to a kind of physical simulation experiment method and experimental provision thereof that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface.
Background technology
Earthquake is a kind of spontaneous phenomenon that can bring huge disaster to human society, and its most outstanding characteristic is being taken by surprise property and startling considerable damage power.If can accurately dope time, place and the intensity of following violent earthquake, can reduce the disaster that earthquake brings the mankind greatly undoubtedly, save the countless life of living in the earthquake risk region people.Since the sixties in last century, earthquake prediction particularly in, long-term forecasting obtained some significant progress.Aspect long-term forecasting, the most outstanding progress is the affirmation of violent earthquake dead zone, plate boundary, yet short-term and prediction about imminent earthquakes progress at present are little.Some preceding microscopic premonitories take place from the observation earthquake, as crustal deformation, WATER LEVEL CHANGES, earth magnetism and telluric current anomaly, underground fluid chemical change etc., unusual to the earthquake macroscopic view, unusual etc. as well water lifting significantly, dulling, variable color, ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS such as spoiled and some animal behavior, seismologists are striving to find " deterministic earthquake precursors " always for many years, but this expectative omen but slowly fails to determine.Nowadays, seismic study is mainly based on physical simulation experiment both at home and abroad, utilize physical model to simulate various true tectonic structures and geological phenomenon, infer the wave field characteristics of seismic event in subsurface geological structure by the propagation characteristic of observation sound wave in model, thereby understand the process that earthquake takes place and propagates.But seismic event follows the generation of earthquake to occur, have only after earthquake takes place just can produce seismic event, therefore for prediction, predicting an earthquake has the hysteresis quality of himself.How to utilize physical model simulated earthquake formation and development process, just become the problem to be solved in the present invention.
Summary of the invention
In view of present this situation, the present invention is intended to according to limit mechanics equilibrium principle, but but derive funtcional relationship between ergometry amount and the non-ergometry amount, but calculate immesurable earthquake fault sliding surface shearing force by the ergometry amount, thereby solve the immesurable difficult problem of natural mechanical system, make the generation of earthquake and evolution can access forecast accurately and timely.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of physical simulation experiment method that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface, comprise: make relevant seismic zone FAULT MODEL according to the actual landform landforms with certain proportion, strain gauge and the variation of the internal stress between exploration seismic band tomography at any time are set in tomography; According to the internal stress delta data, in conjunction with the shearing force size between seismic zone fault mechanics model and mathematical formulae calculating different phase earthquake triggering cross section surface; Draw shearing force size and time curve, show curve and internal stress numerical values recited at any time, finish earthquake triggering cross section surface stage by stage and report to the police.
The quantity of described strain gauge can be for more than one, and more than one strain gauge is distributed in the diverse location of seismic zone tomography.
Also be provided with prestress between described causative fault.
Described mathematical formulae is:
P is a shearing force, and M is a disturbing force, and α is the reinforcing angle of disturbing force, and θ is fault surface and horizontal plane angle, and φ is the weighted mean value of each soil layer angle of internal friction of fault belt, and C is the weighted mean value of each soil layer internal cohesion of fault belt.
A kind of physical simulation experiment device that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface, the seismic zone FAULT MODEL, monitoring anchor cable, strain gauge, data acquisition emitter, Data Receiving analytical equipment, stress electronic display unit and the display that comprise simulation actual landform landforms, seismic zone FAULT MODEL are divided into metastable lower wall and coil with relative movable going up; The monitoring anchor cable is provided with prestress, and after the monitoring anchor cable passed the seismic zone tomography, the inner was fixed on footwall, and the strain gauge that the outer end head is installed embeds in the hanging wall; Data acquisition emitter and stress electronic display unit are fixed on the independent rack in the experimental provision outside, and strain gauge electrically communicate to detection data in the data acquisition emitter; The Data Receiving analytical equipment receives and handles the data from the data acquisition emitter, forms and shears force-time curve and current stress value, shows on display and stress electronic display unit respectively.
Described strain gauge is the three-string style strain gauge.
Described data acquisition emitter carries out data transmission with wireless mode and Data Receiving analytical equipment.
Physical simulation experiment method and the device that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface of the present invention, variation by disturbing force in the simulated earthquake process interruption aspect, utilization can survey disturbing force and the respective function relation derivation goes out the shearing force change procedure that can not survey fault surface, before moving, moving neutralization moves the back real time record and draws out shearing force-time curve, image display goes out the variation of each stage fault surface internal stress, and point out with type of alarm stage by stage, particularly move the warning of beginning stage of development, really realized the leading of earthquake disaster, the real-time early warning forecast.Total is reasonable in design, easy to use, according to the relevant seismic zone FAULT MODEL of actual landform landforms with the certain proportion making, the monitoring curve of drawing in analog monitoring and data handling procedure is true, reliable, simulate effect is true to nature, accurate response earthquake generating process interrupt the actual change feature of aspect shearing force.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the mechanical model figure of earthquake triggering cross section surface;
Fig. 2 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Earthquake is a kind of mechanics phenomenon of crustal plate power effect lower edge fault movements, is that a kind of geological process power progressively overcomes a succession of mechanical behavior that tomography sliding surface intensity releases energy until fracturation.Physical simulation experiment method that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface of the present invention and device are according to limit mechanics equilibrium principle, but utilize the ergometry amount, but but derive funtcional relationship between ergometry amount and the non-ergometry amount, promptly derive disturbing force between earthquake triggering cross section surface and the funtcional relationship between the shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface by physical model experiment, thereby solved the immesurable difficult problem of natural mechanical system, for avoiding of the influence of seismogeology disaster, accomplish to forecast in advance, prepare in advance and take precautions against natural calamities and keep away the purpose of calamity the mankind.
The physical simulation experiment method that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface of the present invention, at first, make relevant seismic zone FAULT MODEL according to the actual landform landforms with certain proportion, relevant being provided with of seismic zone FAULT MODEL can make experimental detection data and rule directly apply in the actual landform landforms, for the reality earthquake prediction provides data and theoretical the preparation.A plurality of strain gauges are set in tomography as required, and strain gauge is distributed in the diverse location of tomography, surveys the variation of the internal stress between the seismic zone tomography on the diverse location at any time.In the tomography domestic demand certain prestress is set in the model setting up procedure, prestressed initial value is that disturbing force is obtained by strain gauge mensuration.The movable relatively internal stress that goes up between dish and lower wall changes to excite earthquake fault plane, make the dish with lower wall between be in the starting stage of moving relative to dislocation, by strain gauge detection constantly variation ground internal stress delta data, calculate different period fault surface shearing force sizes in conjunction with causative fault mechanical model and mathematical formulae.
As shown in Figure 1, in the mechanical model of earthquake triggering cross section surface 11, the disturbing force of certain point and the funtcional relationship between shearing force are derived as follows on the fault surface 11:
P
x＝-Pcosθ
P
y＝Psinθ
M
x＝Mcosα
M
y＝Msinα
In the formula:
P---shearing force/kN;
P
x---the horizontal component/kN of shearing force;
P
y---the vertical component/kN of shearing force;
M---disturbing force/kN;
M
x---the horizontal component/kN of disturbing force;
M
y---the vertical component/kN of disturbing force;
α---disturbing force reinforcing angle/(°);
θ---fault surface and horizontal plane angle/(°);
τ＝(Py+My)tgφ+C
The weighted mean value of each soil layer internal cohesion of C---fault belt;
Each soil layer angle of internal friction weighted mean value of φ---fault belt/(°).
During ∑ x=0, the critical conditions that the spot fault is moving, then:
Mx+Px+τ＝0
With preceding formula substitution, then can get:
Mcosα-Pcosθ+(Py+My)tgφ+C＝0
Mcosα-Pcosθ+(psinθ+Msinα)tgφ+C＝0
Mcosα-Pcosθ+Psinθtgφ+Msinαtgφ+C＝0
Order:
P=k then
1M+k
2
For a certain tomography, last dish be the normal function of volume and unit weight from gravity, under the constant situation of character such as fault rock soil body water cut, the gravity of last dish is constant.Along with the formation of tectonic termination face and the generation of alternate displacement, on coil the friction resistance that rock mass is subjected to be caused by internal friction and cohesive strength on the section and reduce gradually, disturbing force increases gradually.The variation of disturbing force can be reacted the variation that can not survey shear resistance and shearing force between hanging wall and the lower wall, thereby has reacted the change of tomography stability.
At last, along with shearing force constantly increases, beginning dislocation between last dish and lower wall moves, earthquake takes place, continuous collection by the internal stress data of strain gauge, final calculate and form go up dish before moving, move neutralization move after suffered shearing force and time relation curve, this curve and corresponding internal stress numerical value are shown on display device at any time, just can clearly observe and grasp the simulated earthquake tomography data statistics of dislocation when mobile takes place, for reality earthquake prediction and prediction provide theoretical and data foundation.
According to said method, 2 pairs of devices of the present invention are further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
The physical simulation experiment device that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface comprises the seismic zone FAULT MODEL of simulation actual landform landforms, four monitoring anchor cables 3, four strain gauges 4, data acquisition emitter 7, Data Receiving analytical equipment 9, four stress electronic display units 8 and displays 10.
Wherein, the seismic zone FAULT MODEL is that the actual landform landforms are made by a certain percentage, the actual landform landforms can be decided according to the object of wanting to observe or simulate, the elegant zone of fracture of selected herein Wenchuan-luxuriant river in Shangdong Province zone of fracture that serious earthquake disaster takes place not long ago and Beichuan-reflect.Four monitoring anchor cables 3 are divided into two groups and pass the elegant zone of fracture model 5 of Wenchuan-luxuriant river in Shangdong Province zone of fracture model 6 and Beichuan-reflect respectively side by side, monitoring anchor cable 3 inner termination are fixed in the metastable lower wall 2, being embedded into behind the monitoring anchor cable 3 external end head erection stress sensors 4 coils in 1 on the causative fault, monitoring anchor cable 3 is applied prestress, prestress herein is exactly initial disturbing force, the disturbing force data of monitoring anchor cable 3 are gathered by strain gauge 4, can be wirelessly transmitted in the Data Receiving analytical equipment 9 via data acquisition emitter 7, Data Receiving analytical equipment 9 and display 10 are independent of outside the seismic zone FAULT MODEL.Four stress electronic display units 8 and data acquisition emitter 7 are separately fixed on the independent rack in the experimental provision outside, so both have been easy to observe stress intensity, can make things convenient for data transmission again.
In the simulated experiment, at first be each device energized, start and the activation analogue means, the metastable lower wall 2 of earthquake fault plane is broken with relative movable 1 balance of dish that goes up, shearing force begins accumulation, disturbing force on the monitoring anchor cable 3 changes, and the numerical values recited after the variation is gathered automatically by the strain gauge 4 that is installed on monitoring anchor cable 3 external end heads.Then, image data by cable transmission to data acquisition emitter 7, data acquisition emitter 7 utilizes wireless transmission method that these data are sent in the Data Receiving analytical equipment 9, Data Receiving analytical equipment 9 calculates, puts in order the back with the data that receive by derivation formula and forms each stage shearing force-time curve that dislocation is moved between the upper and lower dish of each seismic zone, and shows respectively on display 10.Simultaneously, Data Receiving analytical equipment 9 also changes internal stress numerical value at any time and directly sends on four corresponding stress electronic display units 8, the clear demonstration on four stress electronic display units 8.
When earthquake triggering cross section surface up cut shear value runs up to a certain degree gradually, when promptly surpassing the early warning value of setting, the shearing force monitoring system is sent early warning, shearing force on the expression earthquake triggering cross section surface is near rock soil mass shear strength on the fault surface, the danger that earthquake takes place is arranged, this moment, the face of land still is not subjected to displacement.When shear force value greater than fault surface on after the rock soil mass shearing strength, dish 1 and lower wall 2 are along fault surface generation relative displacement on the fault surface, earthquake takes place, dish 1 and lower wall 2 side-to-side movement in the horizontal direction on the fault surface, bigger relative displacement just takes place in fault surface crop out part this moment, but earthquake disaster took place in 5 seconds.
Shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface variation characteristic in the earthquake disaster generation overall process is presented on the display 10 by real time record and to shear force-time curve, simultaneously, constantly the internal stress numerical value that changes also shows on stress electronic display unit 8 at any time, image reflect causative fault internal stress variation characteristic, thereby realize the leading real-time early warning forecast of earthquake disaster.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of physical simulation experiment method that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface is characterized in that: comprise
Make relevant seismic zone FAULT MODEL according to the actual landform landforms with certain proportion, strain gauge and the variation of the internal stress between exploration seismic band tomography at any time are set in tomography;
According to the internal stress delta data, in conjunction with the shearing force size between seismic zone fault mechanics model and mathematical formulae calculating different phase earthquake triggering cross section surface;
Draw shearing force size and time curve, show curve and internal stress numerical values recited at any time, finish earthquake triggering cross section surface stage by stage and report to the police.
2, the physical simulation experiment method that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the quantity of described strain gauge can be for more than one, and more than one strain gauge is distributed in the diverse location of seismic zone tomography.
3, the physical simulation experiment method that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also is provided with prestress between described causative fault.
4, the physical simulation experiment method that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described mathematical formulae is:
P is a shearing force, and M is a disturbing force, and α is the reinforcing angle of disturbing force, and θ is fault surface and horizontal plane angle, and φ is the weighted mean value of each soil layer angle of internal friction of fault belt, and C is the weighted mean value of each soil layer internal cohesion of fault belt.
5, a kind of physical simulation experiment device that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface, it is characterized in that, the seismic zone FAULT MODEL, monitoring anchor cable, strain gauge, data acquisition emitter, Data Receiving analytical equipment, stress electronic display unit and the display that comprise simulation actual landform landforms
Described seismic zone FAULT MODEL is divided into metastable lower wall and coils with relative movable going up;
Described monitoring anchor cable is provided with prestress, and after the monitoring anchor cable passed the seismic zone tomography, the inner was fixed on footwall, and the strain gauge that the outer end head is installed embeds in the hanging wall;
Described data acquisition emitter and stress electronic display unit are fixed on the independent rack in the experimental provision outside, and strain gauge electrically communicate to detection data in the data acquisition emitter;
Described Data Receiving analytical equipment receives and handles the data from the data acquisition emitter, forms and shears force-time curve and current stress value, shows on display and stress electronic display unit respectively.
6, the physical simulation experiment device that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described strain gauge is the three-string style strain gauge.
7, the physical simulation experiment device that is used for monitoring shearing force of earthquake triggering cross section surface according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described data acquisition emitter carries out data transmission with wireless mode and Data Receiving analytical equipment.
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