CN101608316B - Device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water - Google Patents
Device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water Download PDFInfo
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- CN101608316B CN101608316B CN2009101577867A CN200910157786A CN101608316B CN 101608316 B CN101608316 B CN 101608316B CN 2009101577867 A CN2009101577867 A CN 2009101577867A CN 200910157786 A CN200910157786 A CN 200910157786A CN 101608316 B CN101608316 B CN 101608316B
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- producing hydrogen
- hydrogen
- decomposing water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water, which comprises a photoelectrochemical cell including an optical anode and an optical cathode, and a solar cell which is used for generating voltage bias and includes an anode and a cathode, wherein the solar cell is electrically connected with the photoelectrochemical cell; the optical anode of the photoelectrochemical cell and the solar cell are arranged in the incident plane of sunshine. The device of producing hydrogen through decomposing water can overcome the problems of lower efficiency and hard hydrogen-oxygen separation during preparing hydrogen through semiconductor photocatalysis, solve the cost problem of photoelectrochemical hydrogen production, and simultaneously improve the operating factors of sunshine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water, in particular to a kind of device that does not need applying bias to get final product hydrogen production by water decomposition.
Background technology
In the research of sunlight hydrogen production by water decomposition in the past, mainly contain two kinds of methods, a kind of is conductor photocatalysis hydrogen manufacturing, another is photoelectrochemistry hydrogen manufacturing.
Conductor photocatalysis hydrogen manufacturing is one of sunlight hydrogen production by water decomposition method of using always.It generally be with the suitable semiconductor grain of bandwidth as carrier, be deposited on the semiconductor grain as load with the active higher material (as Pt, Rh etc.) of liberation of hydrogen, under illumination, carry out the conductor photocatalysis reaction then.Semiconductor grain (TiO for example
2, ZnO
2Deng) have energy band structure, generally constitute by low energy valence band (VB) of filling up electronics and empty high energy conduction band (CB).There is the forbidden band between valence band and the conduction band.When be equal to or greater than with energy energy gap (also claim band gap, during Eg) rayed semi-conductor, the electronics (e on the valence band
-) will be excited transits to conduction band, produces corresponding hole (h simultaneously on valence band
+), and described hole (h
+) surface of under effect of electric field, separating, moving to particle.Photo-induced hole has very strong electronic capability, has strong oxidizing property, can be with its surface
-OH or H
2The O oxidation generates O
2And light induced electron has very strong reductibility, and electronics migrates under the Schottky barrier effect above the liberation of hydrogen catalyzer, then with the H around it
+Reduction generates H
2Yet light induced electron and hole are compound easily on semiconductor grain, thereby are unfavorable for the raising of photocatalysis hydrogen production efficient; And because that oxygen and hydrogen are separated out the position is nearer, thus hydrogen that generates and oxygen again facilitation be combined into water; Hydrogen-oxygen generates in same system, is difficult to separate, and is unfavorable for it is realized industrialization.
Photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) hydrogen manufacturing, be with semiconductor film material as light anode (working electrode), the electrochemical system of forming as negative electrode (supporting electrode) with the active higher material of liberation of hydrogen.During work, illumination irradiates light anode produces electron-hole pair, and the hole is in the photoanode surface oxidation
-OH or H
2O generates oxygen, and electronics migrates to the cathodic reduction proton and generates hydrogen adding under the bias-voltage effect.The principle of the inner photoproduction electron-hole pair of semi-conductor is similar to conductor photocatalysis hydrogen manufacturing, and hydrogen-oxygen produces at the two poles of the earth respectively in the PEC hydrogen production process, is easy to separate.And the electron-hole recombination rate can significantly reduce under the applying bias effect, helps improving photocatalysis efficiency, but needs applying bias in the PEC hydrogen production process, consume a part of electric energy, is unfavorable for reducing the hydrogen manufacturing cost.
In former numerous researchs, Many researchers utilizes solar cell to come hydrogen manufacturing (water electrolysis hydrogen production technical progress, energy environment protection, 2004,18 (5), page 4) for solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) water electrolysis hydrogen production provides electric energy.Yet the anode of SPE brine electrolysis and negative electrode generally can not absorb luminous energy and a part of luminous energy is converted into Hydrogen Energy, so be unfavorable for reducing the hydrogen manufacturing cost.
U.S. Pat 6,936,143 B1 disclose the system of a kind of employing photoelectrochemical cell and dye sensitization solar battery (DSC) eclipsed mode hydrogen production by water decomposition.Because sunlight reaches solar cell by the light anode of photoelectrochemical cell, this system is unfavorable for making full use of sunlight.
Therefore, develop a kind of lower and difficult isolating problem of hydrogen-oxygen of efficient in the conductor photocatalysis hydrogen manufacturing that overcomes, solve the cost problem of photoelectrochemistry hydrogen manufacturing, the sunlight device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water that improves the sunlight utilization ratio simultaneously again is significant.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water, described device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water comprises: the photoelectrochemical cell that comprises light anode and negative electrode; With the solar cell that comprises anodal and negative pole that is used to produce bias voltage, wherein said solar cell is electrically connected with described photoelectrochemical cell, and the light anode of described photoelectrochemical cell and described solar cell are arranged in the sunlight incident plane.
Compare with the prior art in this area, the device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water that the present invention proposes has following advantage:
1. because the light anode and the solar cell (SC) of photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) receive sunlight simultaneously, therefore can improve solar energy utilization ratio;
2. adopt the SC-PEC hydrogen production by water decomposition, when improving hydrogen production efficiency, can save the hydrogen manufacturing cost, reason is not consume external electric energy in body series;
3. oxygen and hydrogen, can be avoided oxygen and hydrogen are carried out secondary separation again so can carry out separate collection to oxygen and hydrogen respectively in light anodic reaction chamber and the indoor generation of cathodic reaction in body series;
4. because oxygen and hydrogen produce respectively, can avoid the generation of reversed reaction, in two reaction chambers so help improving hydrogen production efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram according to the device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit connection diagram of the device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the anolyte compartment of photoelectrochemical cell of device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water of Fig. 1 and the part skeleton view of solar cell.
Fig. 4 is the part skeleton view of cathode compartment of photoelectrochemical cell of the device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Unless other regulation, term " sunlight incident plane " be meant sunlight and incide plane the device from air, described plane comprises that one or more sunlights incide plane the device from air.
The invention provides a kind of device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water, described device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water comprises: the photoelectrochemical cell that comprises light anode and negative electrode; With the solar cell that comprises anodal and negative pole that is used to produce bias voltage, wherein said solar cell is electrically connected with described photoelectrochemical cell, the light anode of described photoelectrochemical cell and described solar cell are arranged in the sunlight incident plane, thereby receive sunlight in the course of the work simultaneously, to improve the sunlight utilization ratio.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the light anode of described photoelectrochemical cell is electrically connected with the positive pole of described solar cell, and the negative electrode of described photoelectrochemical cell is connected with the negative electricity of described solar cell.Described electrical connection can be adopted any suitable electric connection mode well known by persons skilled in the art, and for example electric wire connects.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the light anode of described photoelectrochemical cell is made by conductor photocatalysis material, and described conductor photocatalysis material is TiO
2, WO
3, TaON, Fe
2O
3, SrTiO
3, ZnO, CuO, CdS, carbon doped Ti O
2, nitrogen doped Ti O
2Or sulfur doping TiO
2Deng.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode of described photoelectrochemical cell is Pt, Ru or Ni-Fe etc.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the light anode of described photoelectrochemical cell and cathode dipping in electrolyte solution, described electrolyte solution be 0.05 rub/rise to 5 rub/liter dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution or 0.1 rub/rise to 5 rub/liter aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the light anodic area of described photoelectrochemical cell and the area of described solar cell can be regulated, and carry out normal hydrogen production by water decomposition in the photoelectrochemical cell as long as the bias voltage that solar cell produces is enough to keep.Preferably, the light anodic area of described photoelectrochemical cell is at least 1cm
2, and the area of described solar cell is at least 0.5cm
2
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, described solar cell is the known solar cells of those of ordinary skills, includes but not limited to dye sensitization solar battery, silica-based solar cell or semiconductor compound solar cell etc.It is N719 dyestuff, N3 dyestuff or black dyestuff etc. that described dye sensitization solar battery includes, but not limited to dye sensitizing agent, and the light anode is TiO
2Or the dye sensitization solar battery of ZnO.Described silica-based solar cell includes, but not limited to monocrystaline silicon solar cell, polysilicon solar cell or non-crystal silicon solar cell etc.Described semiconductor compound solar cell includes, but not limited to cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cell, copper-indium-galliun-selenium (CIGS) solar cell, copper indium diselenide (CIS) solar cell, gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cell etc.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the light anode of described photoelectrochemical cell is one or more smooth anodes, and described a plurality of smooth anode can connect in the serial or parallel connection mode.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, described solar cell is one or more solar cells, and described a plurality of solar cell can connect in the serial or parallel connection mode.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in more detail.It may be noted that these are described and embodiment is in order to make the present invention be convenient to understanding, but not limitation of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with appending claims.
Preparation embodiment 1 (PEC light anode (WO
3Film sample) preparation)
The tungsten sheet of thickness for about 1mm is positioned in the tube furnace (OTF-1200X, brilliant Materials Technology Ltd. of Hefei section), under oxygen atmosphere, 810 ℃ of calcinations 15 minutes, thereby forms the WO that a layer thickness is about 1.5 μ m on its surface
3Oxide film, its taking-up is stand-by.
Preparation embodiment 2 (PEC light anode (the adulterated TiO of carbon
2Film sample) preparation)
Utilize magnetic control sputtering device (wound generation in Beijing become to receive Science and Technology Ltd.) to carry out the adulterated TiO of carbon
2The preparation of film sample.At volumetric mixture ratio 1: 5: 9 CO
2, O
2In the mixed-gas atmosphere of Ar, utilize the Ti target that fluorine tin-oxide (FTO) substrate is carried out sputter coating.Underlayer temperature maintains 400 ℃, carries out sputter 2 hours under 300 watts of power, makes that the thickness of sputtering layer is 500nm.Then sample is taken out stand-by.
Preparation embodiment 3 (preparation of dye-sensitized cell)
At area is 9cm
2The FTO substrate on blade coating one layer thickness be that 2um, particle diameter are the TiO of 20nm
2Granular layer.Then, described FTO substrate is immersed in the ethanolic soln of N719 dyestuff (Dalian HeptaChroma SolarTech Co., Ltd.) that concentration is 20 mg/litre, takes out drying at room temperature after 24 hours.Will be through the described FTO substrate of above processing as the light anode.With another area is 9cm
2The FTO substrate utilize pulling machine (TL0.01, Shenyang Kejing Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd.) in concentration be 0.01 rub/liter chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution in lift, then at 400 ℃ retort furnace (SX-4-10, Tianjin Tai Site Instr Ltd.) heating is 2 hours in, is the Pt layer of 200nm to form thickness in the FTO substrate.With this FTO substrate as counter electrode.Then with the Pt of light anodic dyestuff face and counter electrode in the face of encapsulate together, be about 10 μ m at interval.Encapsulation finishes the back to wherein injecting electrolyte solution (with 0.1mol LiI, 0.05mol I
2, 0.6mol dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and 0.5mol tributyl phosphate (TBP) be dissolved in the 1L acetonitrile and be made into electrolyte solution), put well stand-by then.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram according to the butterfly device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water of one embodiment of the invention.This device comprises: two dye-sensitized cells 4 (dye-sensitized cells of preparation embodiment 3 preparations) that place the device both sides respectively; Place photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) the light anode 2 (WO of preparation embodiment 1 preparation of front side, device middle part
3Film sample); With the PEC negative electrode 3 that places the device rear side (Pt sheet) (side towards sunlight is the front side, and a side of sunlight is a rear side dorsad).Wherein, PEC light anodic area is 200cm
2, and the area of each dye-sensitized cell is 100cm
2Fig. 2 is the circuit connection diagram of the device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water of Fig. 1.Wherein, the joint 7 of the positive pole 5 of solar cell 4 is connected with the joint 9 of PEC light anode 2 by electric wire 8, and the joint 10 of the negative pole 6 of solar cell is connected with the joint 11 of PEC negative electrode 3 by electric wire 8.Fig. 3 is the anolyte compartment of photoelectrochemical cell of device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water of Fig. 1 and the part skeleton view of solar cell, and it has shown the partial interior structure of this device.As shown in Figure 3, have at the top of PEC light anode 2 and be used for deriving oxygen (O at hydrogen production process
2) thrust-augmenting nozzle 12.The bottom of the cathode compartment 14 (shown in Fig. 4) of the light anolyte compartment 13 of PEC light anode 2 and PEC negative electrode is communicated with by conducting chamber 15.The volume of the cathode compartment 14 of light anolyte compartment 13 and PEC negative electrode 3 is respectively 2 liters and 1.5 liters.Be equipped with two pillar stiffeners 16 in that each dye-sensitized cell is indoor, when work, be used for leaning on and put dye-sensitized cell.Also be equipped with two pillar stiffeners 16 in PEC light anolyte compartment 13, be used for leaning on the anode of giving out light during work.Fig. 4 is the part skeleton view of cathode compartment of photoelectrochemical cell of the device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water of Fig. 1, wherein has in the top-side of cathode compartment 14 to be used for deriving hydrogen (H at hydrogen production process
2) thrust-augmenting nozzle 17.As shown in Figure 4, cathode compartment 14 also has the negative electrode draw-in groove 18 that is used for fixing device on rear wall.
In described smooth anolyte compartment 13, cathode compartment 14 and conducting chamber 15, inject rub for 1 liter 1/liter dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution.Under 35 ℃ temperature, with xenon lamp (Science and Technology Ltd. is freely opened up in Beijing) with 100mW/cm
2Intensity towards the frontside illuminated of this device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water 3 hours.
Measure according to voltmeter, the applying bias that dye-sensitized cell provides for photoelectrochemical cell hydrogen manufacturing in hydrogen production process is about 1.4V.Collect from the oxygen of thrust-augmenting nozzle 12 derivation and the hydrogen of deriving in the different time from thrust-augmenting nozzle 17.The results are shown in the table 1.
Table 1 is at hydrogen output (mL) and the hydrogen-producing speed (mL/h) of different time from the hydrogen of device collection of the present invention
Remove the adulterated TiO of carbon that adopts preparation among the preparation embodiment 2
2Film sample is as PEC light anode, and use 2 rub/liter the NaOH aqueous solution as beyond the electrolyte solution, carry out hydrogen production by water decomposition according to the apparatus and method of embodiment 1.
Measure according to voltmeter, the applying bias that dye-sensitized cell provides for PEC hydrogen manufacturing in hydrogen production process is about 1.4V.Collect from the oxygen of thrust-augmenting nozzle 12 derivation and the hydrogen of deriving in the different time from thrust-augmenting nozzle 17.The results are shown in the table 2.
Table 2 is at hydrogen output (mL) and the hydrogen-producing speed (mL/h) of different time from the hydrogen of device collection of the present invention
Adopt the adulterated TiO of carbon of preparation among the preparation embodiment 2
2Film sample is as PEC light anode, and use 2 rub/liter the NaOH aqueous solution as electrolyte solution, adopt the apparatus and method of embodiment 1 to carry out hydrogen production by water decomposition simultaneously, in the present embodiment, adopt outdoor sunlight to replace xenon lamp to carry out hydrogen production by water decomposition.
Select for use the outdoor sunlight at noon to carry out hydrogen production by water decomposition, (Solo PE (R2), Gentec) to the test result of outdoor light intensity, light intensity is about 80mW/cm according to luxmeter
2Dye-sensitized cell is about 1.3V for the applying bias that PEC hydrogen manufacturing provides in hydrogen production process.Collect oxygen of deriving and the hydrogen of deriving at different time from thrust-augmenting nozzle 17 by thrust-augmenting nozzle 12.The results are shown in the table 3.
Table 3 is at hydrogen output (mL) and the hydrogen-producing speed (mL/h) of different time from the hydrogen of device collection of the present invention
Although in butterfly device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water according to one embodiment of the invention, described device comprises two solar cells and a photoelectrochemical cell, and the light anode of described two solar cells and a photoelectrochemical cell is disposed in the same plane of sunlight incident, but can comprise one or more solar cells and one or more photoelectrochemical cell according to device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water of the present invention, and the light anode of described solar cell and photoelectrochemical cell can be disposed in a plurality of planes of sunlight incident (for example, being parallel to each other but nonoverlapping plane etc.).
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the case without departing from the scope of the present invention, can carry out multiple modification and change.Such modification and change are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention that limits as appended claim.
Claims (8)
1. device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water, described device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water comprises: the photoelectrochemical cell (1) that comprises light anode (2) and negative electrode (3); With the solar cell (4) that comprises positive pole (5) and negative pole (6) that is used to produce bias voltage, wherein said solar cell (4) is electrically connected with described photoelectrochemical cell (1), it is characterized in that: the light anode (2) of described photoelectrochemical cell (1) and described solar cell (4) are arranged in the sunlight incident plane;
The area of the light anode (2) of described photoelectrochemical cell (1) and the area of described solar cell (4) are adjustable, and the area of the light anode (2) of wherein said photoelectrochemical cell (1) is at least 1cm
2, and the area of described solar cell (4) is at least 0.5cm
2
The light anode (2) of described solar cell (4) and photoelectrochemical cell (1) is disposed in a plurality of planes that are parallel to each other of sunlight incident;
The light anode (2) of described photoelectrochemical cell (1) is one or more smooth anodes (2);
Described a plurality of smooth anodes (2) connect in the serial or parallel connection mode;
Described solar cell (4) is one or more solar cells (4); And
Described a plurality of solar cell (4) connects in the serial or parallel connection mode.
2. device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the light anode (2) of described photoelectrochemical cell (1) is electrically connected with the positive pole (5) of described solar cell (4), and the negative electrode (3) of described photoelectrochemical cell (1) is electrically connected with the negative pole (6) of described solar cell (4).
3. device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the light anode (2) of described photoelectrochemical cell (1) is made by conductor photocatalysis material.
4. device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described conductor photocatalysis material is TiO
2, WO
3, TaON, Fe
2O
3, SrTiO
3, ZnO, CuO, CdS, carbon doped Ti O
2, nitrogen doped Ti O
2Or sulfur doping TiO
2
5. device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the negative electrode (3) of described photoelectrochemical cell (1) is Pt, Ru or Ni-Fe.
6. device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the light anode (2) and the negative electrode (3) of described photoelectrochemical cell (1) are immersed in the electrolyte solution.
7. device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described electrolyte solution be concentration be 0.05 rub/rise to 5 rub/liter dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution or 0.1 rub/rise to 5 rub/liter aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
8. device for producing hydrogen through decomposing water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described solar cell (4) is dye sensitization solar battery, silica-based solar cell or semiconductor compound solar cell.
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| CN103074638A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-05-01 | 西北大学 | Double-chamber and double-window electrolytic tank for electrochemically preparing gases |
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| CN102826506B (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2014-04-23 | 浙江工商大学 | Method and device for preparing hydrogen based on photoelectric degradation organic pollutant driven by visible light |
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| CN103219565B (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2015-09-09 | 北京理工大学 | Inverse photoelectrochemicalcell cell |
| CN104711627B (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2017-02-15 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for preparing hydrogen through photoanode-photovoltaic battery coupled dual-illumination fully-photic-driven decomposition of water |
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| CN114318385A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 苏州光汇新能源科技有限公司 | Integrated photoelectrochemistry hydrogen production module and photoelectrochemistry hydrogen production system |
| CN114214639B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-03-07 | 承丰光能科技(广州)有限公司 | Photovoltaic and sunlight hydrolysis linkage coupling hydrogen production and oxygen production system |
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