CN101598812B - Method for removing abnormal noise in single-point reception of seismic record by digital detector - Google Patents
Method for removing abnormal noise in single-point reception of seismic record by digital detector Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for removing abnormal noise in single-point reception of seismic record by a digital detector when seismic data processing. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a weighted median for a trace adjacent to each frequency sample point relative to an amplitude spectrum; comparing the median and an amplitude value of each frequency sample point, and calculating a weighted value if the amplitude value is more than a threshold value; attenuating a trace where the frequency sample point is located in a frequency space field to obtain a noise frequency spectrum; carrying out inverse transformation on the noise frequency spectrum to obtain time and space field noise; detracting noise from the original record, removing the abnormal value of the frequency field, and changing and calculating residual strong energy interference in an envelope trace attenuation record. The invention effectively attenuates abnormal noise, can effectively remove high-frequency interference and abnormal energy interference in the record and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Seismic Data Processing Technique, is a kind of extraordinary noise method of removing in the digital geophone single-point reception of seismic record of compacting high frequency background and other strong energy interference.
Background technology
For ability and the precision that the image quality that improves complicated underground structure and surface seismic are described hydrocarbon-bearing pool, arise at the historic moment based on the high-density acquisition technology that the digital geophone single-point receives.Digital geophone is compared with conventional wave detector, plurality of advantages is arranged, at low frequency and high frequency better amplitude and phase response are arranged all, the many components of single-point receive, have higher vectorial fidelity, and the influence that it is not disturbed by the external electromagnetic signal, but there are high frequency background noise and other strong energy interference.The method of existing removal extraordinary noise, all be at the seismic data exploitation of the analog detector combined reception of routine, being applied to the digital geophone single-point receives on the seismic data, the fidelity of meeting destruction data, particularly damage the high-frequency information in the seismologic record, so just disagree with the application of digital geophone.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has provided a kind of frequency band and fidelity that can effectively keep seismologic record, does not damage the extraordinary noise method in the removal digital geophone single-point reception of seismic record of the high-frequency information in the seismologic record.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and concrete steps comprise:
1) acquiring seismic data in the open air changes to the territory, frequency space with earthquake data before superposition road collection by fast Flourier;
The described earthquake data before superposition of step 1) road collection is a common-shot-gather, common detector gather, common midpoint gather, offset distance road collection altogether.
2) to one each frequency sampling point, adopt adjacent road, the left and right sides, spectral amplitude is obtained weighted median, use the amplitude of intermediate value and frequency sampling point to compare,, then calculate weighted value as greater than threshold value;
Step 2) calculates weighted value in and also can directly use intermediate value.
Step 2) medium frequency spatial domain or the horizontal road of weighted median weighting, time and space territory number are 2-100 or whole big gun, threshold value 1.5-100.
3) if on the discrete frequency sampling point in this road weighted value to be not equal to 1.0 sampling point discrete on discrete sampling point, the weighted value on this sampling point is treated to 1.0;
The described processing of step 3) is with following discrete series [1.0 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.0
2.01.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.0] be treated to [1.0 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.0
1.01.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.0].
4) weighted value that obtains with step 3) to the road decay at place, obtains noise spectrum in the territory, frequency space, again noise spectrum is carried out inverse-Fourier transform, obtains time and space territory noise;
5) former record is deducted noise, remove the exceptional value of frequency field;
6) to all seismic trace repeating steps 2 of prestack road collection) to 5);
7) in the time and space territory, calculate the envelope road with Hilbert transform, utilize adjacent road, the left and right sides, weighted median is obtained in the envelope road, with the amplitude envelope value of this intermediate value and this point relatively, as greater than threshold value, then calculate a weighted value, remaining strong energy interference in the decay record.
Effective attenuation of the present invention extraordinary noise, can effectively remove the record medium-high frequency and disturb and unusual strong energy interference, improved the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data.Earthquake marking wave field is kept, help subsequent treatment and seismic data interpretation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the original single shot record figure that has high frequency and strong energy interference;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention removes the unusual back single shot record figure that disturbs;
Fig. 3 is the unusual background interference figure that removes.
Embodiment
The present invention in the territory, frequency space, the time and space territory finishes, utilize the weighted median constraint of phase neighboring trace earlier in the territory, frequency space, reject the frequency field noise contribution, and then utilize the weighted median of phase neighboring trace to retrain in the time and space territory, further the cancelling noise composition has reached effective decay extraordinary noise.
Realization principle of the present invention is as follows:
If one group of seismologic record be x (i, j), behind Fourier transform be X (i, j), spectral amplitude be F (k, j), wherein i be the time sequence number (i=1,2 ..., N); J be sequence number (j=1,2 ..., 2m+1); K be the frequency sequence number (k=1,2 ..., NFFT).
Every of sequence is repeated w
kThe intermediate value of the inferior sequence of forming is the weighted median of this sequence, w here
kBe weighting coefficient.Can calculate amplitude sequence F (i, weighted median M (k) j), promptly
Come strong energy noise in the detected amplitude spectrum by defining a threshold value thr, with F (k, j)/M (k) is the identification parameter, and calculate weighted value e (k, j).
Can write out thus
C(k)＝thr*M(k) thr＞1 (2)
Wherein α is an attenuation coefficient, less than 1, greater than 1/thr.
Decay in frequency field afterwards, obtain noise spectrum
N(k，j)＝X(k，j)-X(k，j)/e(k.j) (4)
To N (k j) carries out inverse-Fourier transform, promptly obtain noise road n (i, j)
x(i，j)＝x(i，j)-n(i.j) (5)
So just removed the exceptional value of frequency field.
In order further to remove the strong energy interference in the record, in the time and space territory, calculate the envelope road, (i j), further decays to remaining strong energy interference in the record to utilize above-mentioned same method to calculate weighted value e on envelope.
The present invention adopts following steps to use on many components data of gathering:
(1) many components data of field acquisition being loaded recording geometry, is that big gun number, second key word are that offset distance carries out the collection sorting by first key word, divides and elects prestack big gun collection seismic data as;
(2) a big gun earthquake data before superposition is changed to the territory, frequency space by fast Flourier;
(3),, adopt the adjacent F in the left and right sides to one each frequency sampling point in the territory, frequency space
mWeighted median (formula 1) is obtained to spectral amplitude in=7 roads, with the amplitude of this intermediate value and this point relatively, and as greater than threshold value F
Thr=4 (formula 2) then calculate a weighted value (formula 3);
Also can be directly with getting intermediate value, with the amplitude of this intermediate value and this point relatively, as greater than threshold value F
Thr=4 (formula 2) then calculate a weighted value (formula 3);
(4), the value of the weighted value on this sampling point is changed to 1.0 if weighted value isolates on the discrete sampling point in this road;
(5) with step (4) weighted value, to this road decay, obtain noise spectrum in the territory, frequency space, again noise spectrum is carried out inverse-Fourier transform, must arrive the time spatial domain noise;
(6) former record deducts noise, has so just removed the exceptional value of frequency field;
(7) repeat (3)-(6) to all seismic traces of finishing this prestack road collection;
(7),, calculate the envelope road with Hilbert transform in the time and space territory in order further to remove the strong energy interference in the record, utilize adjacent Tm=7 road, the left and right sides, weighted median is obtained in the envelope road, with the amplitude envelope value of this intermediate value and this point relatively, as greater than threshold value T
Thr=4, then calculate a weighted value, remaining strong energy interference in the record is further decayed;
(8) repeat (2)-(8) to finishing all big gun collection.So just finished the extraordinary noise of removing in the digital geophone single-point reception of seismic record.
Fig. 1 is an X component record, has high frequency and strong energy interference, and Fig. 2 is the record of removing after disturbing unusually, and high frequency and strong energy interference have been removed, and have given prominence to useful signal, and the wave field continuity has improved.Fig. 3 is the background interference of removing.
Claims (4)
1. extraordinary noise method of removing in the digital geophone single-point reception of seismic record is characterized in that by following concrete steps:
1) acquiring seismic data in the open air changes to the territory, frequency space with earthquake data before superposition road collection by fast Flourier;
2) to one each frequency sampling point, adopt adjacent road, the left and right sides, spectral amplitude is obtained weighted median, use the amplitude of intermediate value and frequency sampling point to compare,, then calculate weighted value as greater than threshold value;
Territory, frequency space or the horizontal road of weighted median weighting, time and space territory number are 2-100 or whole big gun, threshold value 1.5-100;
3) if on the discrete frequency sampling point in this road weighted value to be not equal to 1.0 sampling point be discontinuous on discrete sampling point, the weighted value on this sampling point is treated to 1.0;
4) weighted value that obtains with step 3) to the road decay at place, obtains noise spectrum in the territory, frequency space, again noise spectrum is carried out inverse-Fourier transform, obtains time and space territory noise;
5) former record is deducted noise, remove the exceptional value of frequency field;
6) to all seismic trace repeating steps 2 of prestack road collection) to 5);
7) in the time and space territory, calculate the envelope road with Hilbert transform, utilize adjacent road, the left and right sides, weighted median is obtained in the envelope road, with the amplitude envelope value of this intermediate value and this point relatively, as greater than threshold value, then calculate a weighted value, remaining strong energy interference in the decay record.
2. the extraordinary noise method in the removal digital geophone single-point reception of seismic record according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described earthquake data before superposition of step 1) road collection is a common-shot-gather, common detector gather, common midpoint gather and common offset distance road collection.
3. the extraordinary noise method in the removal digital geophone single-point reception of seismic record according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) in calculate weighted value and directly use intermediate value.
4. the extraordinary noise method in the removal digital geophone single-point reception of seismic record according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described processing of step 3) is that following discrete series [1.0 1.51.6 1.4 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.0] is treated to [1.0 1.51.6 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.0].
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| CN102012520B (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-09-26 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Indoor dynamic combination method for marine single-point acquired seismic data |
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| CN102608658A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-07-25 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Strong energy interference suppression method |
| CN104375184B (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2017-04-05 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of efficient geological data random noise attenuation method |
| CN104133248B (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-11-16 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | A kind of high fidelity sound wave interference drawing method |
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| CN111830565B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2023-05-23 | 中原工学院 | KL-DSW-based TSP multi-wave-field separation and noise suppression method |
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