CN101597766B - Cathode catalyst used for producing hydrogen from organic waste water and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cathode catalyst used for producing hydrogen from organic waste water and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101597766B CN101597766B CN200910135981XA CN200910135981A CN101597766B CN 101597766 B CN101597766 B CN 101597766B CN 200910135981X A CN200910135981X A CN 200910135981XA CN 200910135981 A CN200910135981 A CN 200910135981A CN 101597766 B CN101597766 B CN 101597766B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/33—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using wind energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Abstract
The invention provides a cathode catalyst used for producing hydrogen from organic waste water and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 33 to 63 percent of Ni, 33 to 63 percent of Al, and 0.5 to 6 percent of Co. The catalyst has the advantages of simple preparation, low price, good catalytic activity and selectivity, and is a better cathode catalyst for replacing a noble metal catalyst to produce the hydrogen with low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cathod catalyst that is used for producing hydrogen from organic waste water and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Directly discharging contains organism such as a large amount of glucide, fat, protein, Mierocrystalline cellulose in the organic waste water, if can cause severe contamination.So searching is efficient, economical, eco-friendly wastewater processing technology is the treatment of Organic Wastewater hot research fields always, and wherein the organic waste water bio-hydrogen production technology is one of treatment of Organic Wastewater Study on Technology focus.The organic waste water bio-hydrogen production technology is in the treating processes of organic waste water, to prepare hydrogen, and its organism in can degradation of organic waste water is purified waste water, has produced hydrogen again, makes the energy be able to regeneration.
Microorganism electrolysis cell (microbial electrolysis cell, what MEC) bio-hydrogen production technology adopted is mikrobe and the acetic acid that nature screens, can be in degradation of organic waste water organic production Hydrogen Energy simultaneously, very friendly to environment.This hydrogen producing technology not only hydrogen production efficiency is technological high a lot of than water electrolysis hydrogen production, and overcome the water electrolysis hydrogen production Technology Need and depend on the deficiency that sun power, wind energy, biomass energy, nuclear energy power generation could be realized.At present, foreign literature (International Journal of HydrogenEnergy 32 (2007)) reported and utilized sewage hydrogen manufacturing, and the employing platinum black is a cathod catalyst, and high yield hydrogen speed is 154mL/g-COD.
At present, because precious metal good stability, catalytic activity height and selectivity such as platinum, palladium are good, so the microorganism electrolysis cell producing hydrogen from organic waste water all adopts precious metals such as platinum, palladium as cathod catalyst.But, cause the cost of hydrogen manufacturing very high, so its application is restricted greatly because precious metals such as platinum, palladium cost an arm and a leg.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention
One object of the present invention provides a kind of simple, cheap, catalytic activity and good cathod catalyst that is used for producing hydrogen from organic waste water of selectivity of preparing.Another object of the present invention provides the preparation method of this cathod catalyst.
Technical scheme
In order to address the above problem, in one aspect in, the present invention provides a kind of cathod catalyst that is used for producing hydrogen from organic waste water, said catalyzer comprises the Ni that content is 33-63 weight %, content is that Al and the content of 33-63 weight % is the Co of 0.5-6 weight %.The grain diameter of resulting nickel system alloy powder is 30-50 μ m.
In a preferred embodiment of catalyzer of the present invention, said catalyzer also comprises the Sn of 0.5-25% that content is the gross weight of whole catalyzer.The content of said Sn is preferably the 1-20% of the gross weight of whole catalyzer.The grain diameter of the nickel system alloy powder of doping Sn is about 30-50 μ m.Through doping Sn, further improve the selectivity of nickel system alloy powder as catalyst for preparing hydrogen.
In a preferred embodiment of catalyzer of the present invention, said cathod catalyst also comprises the MoS of 40-60 weight %
2Nanoparticle.Through adding MoS
2Nanoparticle further improves the degree of scatter of nickel system alloy powder catalyzer, thereby further improves the utilising efficiency of catalyzer.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of method that is used to prepare above-mentioned catalyzer, said method comprising the steps of: a. is with Ni, and Al mixes with Co to form mixture; B. with said mixture fusion; C. the fused mixture is quenched to room temperature; And d. grinds resulting alloy mixture and sieves.
In a preferred embodiment of the inventive method, said method also is included in after the step a and before step b, further mixes the step of Sn.
In a preferred embodiment of the inventive method, said method also comprises alloy mixture that obtains through steps d and MoS
2Nanometer powder carries out the blended step.
In a preferred embodiment of the inventive method, the melt temperature in step b is 1400-1500 ℃.
In another preferred embodiment of the inventive method, the quenching velocity in step c is 10-20 ℃/s.
Beneficial effect
At present, hydrogen manufacturing is adopted noble metal catalyst with catalyzer, and its cost is very high, big limitations application.And catalyzer of the present invention adopts the method preparation of high-temperature fusion, rapid quenching, and preparation technology is simple.And the catalytic activity of catalyzer of the present invention and selectivity are equivalent to or are superior to noble metal catalyst basically.Particularly, catalyzer cost of the present invention is low, and cost approximately is 1/1000 of a platinum.Therefore, the product hydrogen speed of integrated catalyst, selectivity (being hydrogen content) and cost, the high hundred times of cost performance platinum catalyst of nickel catalyst of the present invention is to substitute the more excellent cathod catalyst of the low-cost hydrogen manufacturing of noble metal catalyst.
Embodiment
Followingly specify the present invention, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiment through embodiment.
Embodiment 1
With nickel system alloy powder 1 as cathod catalyst
The quality of Ni is 49.0g, and the quality of Al is 48.4g, and the quality of Co is 2.6g.With nickel, aluminium and cobalt is raw material; Three kinds of metals that at first will mix are put into melting furnace; Under 1450 ℃ of high temperature, the abundant fusion of mixture is made its alloying, then with the speed rapid quenching of 14 ℃/s to room temperature, after pulverize, ball milling (the ball mill model: AX) with sieve; Make evengranular nickel system alloy powder 1, its grain diameter is about 38 μ m.
The preparation of electrode.At first nickel system alloy powder and Nafion solution are mixed by a certain percentage and process catalyst slurry, then catalyst slurry evenly is coated in carrier surfaces such as carbon paper, carbon cloth or carbon plate, adopt the method drying of temperature programming (80-150 ℃) to make then.The thickness of catalyst layer is 18 μ m, and the carrying capacity of catalyzer is 1.8mg/cm
2
The assembling biological hydrogen production reactor.Reactor drum is material with the synthetic glass, and its useful volume is 800mL, is of a size of 10cm * 10cm * 80cm.Electrode with above-mentioned preparation is a negative electrode, and other carbon material is an anode, after negative electrode and anode interval group are contained in the draw-in groove of reactor drum, and the good seal reactor drum.Getting 700mL organic waste water adds in the reactor drum; Under anaerobic environment and normal temperature and pressure conditions; Add the voltage of 0.9V; Tested the generation speed of hydrogen and the content of hydrogen respectively with 200-1.5B type soap bubble flowmeter and 7890 gas chromatographs, hydrogen generation speed is 0.40 cube/day/cube of reactor drum, and the content of hydrogen is 40.1%.
Embodiment 2
With nickel system alloy powder 2 as cathod catalyst
The weight of Ni is 59.5g, and the weight of Al is 35.5g, and the weight of Co is 5.0g.Nickel, aluminium and three kinds of material mixing of cobalt are even, be quenched to room temperature, ball milling and sieve through 1480 ℃ of high-temperature fusion, with the speed of 14 ℃/s and make, the grain diameter of nickel system alloy powder 2 is about 37 μ m.
Use nickel system alloy powder 2, to prepare electrode and assembling biological hydrogen production reactor with embodiment 1 identical mode.The thickness of its catalyst layer and the carrying capacity of catalyzer are respectively 18 μ m and 1.8mg/cm
2, assembling 800mL reactor drum adds 708mL organic waste water.Hydrogen generation speed is 0.43 cube/day/cube of reactor drum, and the content of hydrogen is 40.2%.
Embodiment 3
With nickel system alloy powder 3 as cathod catalyst
The weight of Ni is 35.5g, and the weight of Al is 59.5g, and the weight of Co is 5.0g.Nickel, aluminium and three kinds of material mixing of cobalt are even, be quenched to room temperature, ball milling and sieve through 1460 ℃ of high-temperature fusion, with the speed of 13 ℃/s and make, the grain diameter of nickel system alloy powder 3 is about 38 μ m.
Use nickel system alloy powder 3, to prepare electrode and assembling biological hydrogen production reactor with embodiment 1 identical mode.The thickness of its catalyst layer and the carrying capacity of catalyzer are respectively 19 μ m and 1.9mg/cm
2, assembling 800mL reactor drum adds 709mL organic waste water.Hydrogen generation speed is 0.40 cube/day/cube of reactor drum, and the content of hydrogen is 40.1%.
Embodiment 4
With the NiMo mixing material as cathod catalyst
The NiMo material is 50.0g nickel system alloy powder and the 50.0gMoS among the embodiment 1
2The uniform mixing material of nanometer powder.In 50.0g nickel system alloy powder, the quality of Ni is 24.5g, and the quality of Al is 24.2g, and the quality of Co is 1.3g.
Use the NiMo material as cathod catalyst, to prepare electrode and assembling biological hydrogen production reactor with embodiment 1 identical mode.The thickness of the electrode catalyst layer of preparation is 17 μ m, and the carrying capacity of catalyzer is 1.7mg/cm
2The useful volume of reactor drum is 800mL, adds 710mL organic waste water.Hydrogen generation speed is 0.45 cube/day/cube of reactor drum, and the content of hydrogen is 45.3%.
Embodiment 5
With the adulterated nickel system alloy powder of 1%Sn as cathod catalyst
The weight of Ni is 49.5g, and the weight of Al is 48.5g, and the weight of Co is 1.0g, and the weight of Sn is 1.0g.With nickel, aluminium and cobalt is main raw material, mixes 1% tin, is quenched to room temperature, ball milling and sieves through 1460 ℃ of high-temperature fusion, with the speed of 13 ℃/s to make, and the adulterated nickel system alloy powder particles of 1%Sn particle diameter is about 37 μ m.
Use the adulterated nickel system alloy powder of 1%Sn, to prepare electrode and assembling biological hydrogen production reactor with embodiment 1 identical mode.The thickness of its catalyst layer and the carrying capacity of catalyzer are respectively 18 μ m and 1.9mg/cm
2, assembling 800mL reactor drum adds 705mL organic waste water.Hydrogen generation speed is 0.45 cube/day/cube of reactor drum, and the content of hydrogen is 57.2%.
Embodiment 6
With the adulterated nickel system alloy powder of 5%Sn as cathod catalyst
The weight of Ni is 54.5g, and the weight of Al is 39.5g, and the weight of Co is 1.0g, and the weight of Sn is 5g.It is after in the mixture of nickel, aluminium and three kinds of metals of cobalt, mixing 5%Sn, is quenched to room temperature, ball milling and sieves through 1470 ℃ of high-temperature fusion, with the speed of 13 ℃/s to make, and its grain diameter is about 38 μ m.
Use the adulterated nickel system alloy powder of 5%Sn, to prepare electrode and assembling biological hydrogen production reactor with embodiment 1 identical mode.The thickness of its catalyst layer and the carrying capacity of catalyzer are 17 μ m and 1.8mg/cm
2, assembling 800mL reactor drum adds 708mL organic waste water.Hydrogen generation speed is 0.50 cube/day/cube of reactor drum, and the content of hydrogen is 61.4%.
Embodiment 7
With the adulterated nickel system alloy powder of 20%Sn as cathod catalyst
The weight of Ni is 39.5g, and the weight of Al is 39.5g, and the weight of Co is 1.0g, and the weight of Sn is 20g.It is after in nickel, aluminium and cobalt, mixing the 20%Sn metal, and through 1480 ℃ of high-temperature fusion, with 12 ℃/s rapid quenching to room temperature, ball milling with sieve and make, its grain diameter is about 40 μ m.
Use the adulterated nickel system alloy powder of 20%Sn, to prepare electrode and assembling biological hydrogen production reactor with embodiment 1 identical mode.The thickness of its catalyst layer and the carrying capacity of catalyzer are 18 μ m and 1.8mg/cm
2, assembling 800mL reactor drum adds 710mL organic waste water.Its hydrogen generation speed is 0.45 cube/day/cube of reactor drum, and the content of hydrogen is 58.5%.
Comparative example:
Carry platinum as cathod catalyst with carbon
Use carbon paper to carry platinum as cathod catalyst as carrier and 40% carbon, to prepare electrode and assembling biological hydrogen production reactor with embodiment 1 identical mode, the thickness of its catalyst layer and the carrying capacity of platinum are 17 μ m and 1.8mg/cm
2706mL organic waste water is added in the synthetic glass reactor drum of 800mL, add 0.91V voltage.Its hydrogen generation speed is 1.00 cubes/day/cubes of reactor drums, and the hydrogen content of synthetic gas is 53.8%.
Above result shows; Compare with carbon supported platinum catalyst; Although it is lower that hydrogen produces speed, Preparation of Catalyst of the present invention is simple, and catalytic activity and selectivity are basically quite or higher; Particularly the adulterated Nickel Aluminium Alloy Powder catalyzer of Sn shows extraordinary catalytic activity and catalytic selectivity; And the cost of catalyzer of the present invention approximately just carbon supported platinum catalyst 1/1000, therefore consider the over-all properties of catalyzer of the present invention, Nickel Aluminium Alloy Powder of the present invention is to substitute platinum noble metals as the best materials of hydrogen manufacturing with catalyzer.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is used to prepare the method for producing hydrogen from organic waste water with cathod catalyst; Said catalyzer comprises the Ni that content is 33-63 weight %; Content is that Al and the content of 33-63 weight % is the Co of 0.5-6 weight %; It is characterized in that said catalyzer also comprises the Sn of 0.5-25% that content is the gross weight of whole catalyzer, said method comprising the steps of:
A. with Ni, Al, Co mix with Sn to form mixture;
B. with of the melt temperature fusion of said mixture at 1400-1500 ℃;
C. the fused mixture is quenched to room temperature with the quenching velocity of 10-20 ℃/s; And
D. resulting alloy mixture is ground and sieve.
2. the method for claim 1, said method also comprises alloy mixture that obtains through steps d and MoS
2Nanoparticle carries out the blended step.
3. the producing hydrogen from organic waste water through method preparation according to claim 1 is used cathod catalyst.
4. cathod catalyst as claimed in claim 3, the content of wherein said Sn are the 1-20% of the gross weight of whole catalyzer.
5. cathod catalyst as claimed in claim 3, the grain diameter of wherein said catalyzer are 30-50 μ m.
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| CN1104687A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-07-05 | 中国科学院化工冶金研究所 | Active low-hydrogen over-potential cathode and its manufacture |
| CN1294201A (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2001-05-09 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Quickly quenched microcrystal alloy as hydrogen-storing electrode |
| CN1445375A (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2003-10-01 | 浙江大学 | New type hydrogen storage alloy as well as method of its preparation and quench treatment method |
| CN1994895A (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2007-07-11 | 浙江大学 | Preparation method for ion liquid assisted hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2 microsphere |
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