CN101589559B - Radio frequency identification fast tag response method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method and system for processing radio frequency identification (''RFID'') communication device data, the method and system including measuring an energy level of a RFID signal received on a first communication channel, measuring an energy level of the RFID signal received on a second communication channel, selecting the communication channel with the greater energy level, and acquiring data samples from the RFID signal received on the selected channel. The method and system for processing RFID communication device data can further include generating a preamble from a series of the acquired data samples.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to radio-frequency (RF) identification (" the RFID ") communications field, and be specifically related to the data of processing remote RFID communicator.
Background technology
Radio-frequency recognition system (" RFID ") is used for using widely, and provides mechanism easily for tracking, identification and the checking of personnel or object.Rfid system typically comprises the one or more readers (being commonly called interrogator) on a plurality of select locations that are configured in the facility.Reader typically is configured on the desirable position, so as control or receive about have RFID label (being also referred to as marker or transponder usually) or with its object or person person's who is associated information.For example, can be with reader configuration for covering entrance and exit, stock control point, transaction terminal and similar position.Each reader can receive information from a plurality of RFID labels, and each label typically is associated with an object or person person.Label can be attached at or embed in the object related with it or give the part of someone badge, card or sign.The signal that transmits between this label and reader allows this reader sensing information relevant with this label.This information for example can comprise authentication or identifying information, perhaps can comprise instruction, for example remains having the process of carrying out on the object of this label or the sequence of operation.
Each label can comprise the canned data that is wirelessly transmitted to this reader.The information that label carries is typically in interior device, memory, for example read-only memory (" ROM ") or non-volatile programmable memory, as Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory (" EEPROM "), and the scope of amount of information can from a bit to several kilobits or more.Single bit tags is typically as monitoring arrangement, for example anti-theft tag.The information that quantity reaches several bits or tens bits can be used as identifier, and for example this information can be seen in badge or smart card, and quantity reaches the amount of information of kilobit and can comprise a kind of portable data file, and it is used for identification, communication or control.For example, this reader can be used for identification or can store or transmit this information to one responsible party from a tag extraction information and with this information.Alternately, a data file can comprise one group of instruction, and this can carry out initialization or control to process or action, and needn't cooperate mutually by means of the information that is stored in other positions or with it.
A label typically comprises a radio communication device, for example reflector or transponder, and this radio communication device can be wirelessly transmitted to this reader with institute's canned data.This label can be independently or in response to the signal (for example request signal) that receives from this reader transmission information.Active label and passive label all are known in this area.An active label has internal electric source, and passive label can be worked under the situation of internal electric source not having, and obtains its operate power from the field that this reader produces.Passive label is much lighter as and more cheap than active label, and in fact unlimited working life can be provided.Yet passive label typically has shorter read range and requires a reader that power is higher compared with active label.Passive label also is subject to the capacity of their storage data and the ability of their works fine in the electromagnetic noise environment.
A passive label typically comprises memory, this memory can be read-only memory (" ROM "), non-volatile programmable memory, as EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memo) (" EEPROM ") or random access memory (" RAM "), this depends on the purposes that this label is carried out.Should be non-volatile by an employed programmable storage of passive label, data can not lost when label is in off-position like this.When label during not with the reader active communication, this label is in off-position.
An execution mode commonly used of passive RFID tags comprises and is used for analog or digital circuit that the signal that receives and send to reader from reader is handled, and be used for, for example, the antenna that communicates by the same compatible reader of electromagnetic coupled.This antenna also can be called coil.The communication of being undertaken by electromagnetic coupled typically relates to stacked data is added on the field or carrier wave that changes rhythmically, promptly utilizes these data to come this carrier wave is modulated.This carrier wave can suitably be a kind of sine wave.
In order to receive data from passive label or the transponder that communicates by electromagnetic coupled, reader generates a magnetic field, and this adopts a reader antenna that is electromagnetically coupled to this transponder antenna to carry out typically.This magnetic field induces a voltage in transponder antenna, thus transponder is powered.Can suitably data transmission be arrived reader by a parameter that changes this launching site.This parameter can be amplitude, frequency or phase place.
This passive label communicates by load and this reader that changes on this launching site.Load variations can suitably influence this amplitude or phase place.These of this change by this reader antenna sensing, and this antenna response produces the electric current of a modulation in this.This electric current of team is analyzed (as by demodulation) so that extract data, afterwards, in the mode of being called by specific rfid system designing institute these data is used.
In some cases, this reader can be launched an order to a label, and does not receive response (do not have response fully or receive wrong response or ruined response) in the time period of setting.In these cases, the piece of these data-signals of reader reception is handled and has been reduced the throughput of this reader to tag data process considerably.Because this reader does not know that the response signal that received is effectively still invalid, thus this reader to the processing of this response just as signal to any other reception.Especially, a reader typically can receive the response signal that is sensed, and the response signal of attempting to be sensed is demodulated to an in-phase signal and orthogonal signalling, the phase place of these orthogonal signalling typically with different 90 degree of this in-phase signal.Typical reader can further be attempted this in-phase signal and orthogonal signalling digitlization to produce numerical data piece or Frame; The whole complete decoding of the data block/frames that is produced the most at last then.This just causes efficient extremely low, because this typical reader must be handled the whole data block/frames that produces fully to determine disrupted received signal.
Therefore, there are a kind of needs for the reader that increase is used for rfid system to the system and the technology of tag data process.
Summary of the invention
The present invention advantageously provides a kind of mthods, systems and devices that are used to handle radio-frequency (RF) identification (" RFID ") communication device data.
According to an aspect, the invention provides a kind of method that is used to handle radio-frequency (RF) identification (" RFID ") communication device data, this method comprises that measurement has the communication channel of higher energy level and obtain data sample from the RFID signal that selected channel receives in the energy level of the RFID signal that receives on the first communication channel, the energy level of measuring the RFID signal that receives on a second communication channel, selection.This method that is used for processing RF ID communication device data can further comprise the preamble of a series generation from these data samples that obtain.
According to another aspect, the invention provides a kind of decoder that uses a RFID communication system, this decoder comprises: a receiver, this receiver and a first communication channel and a second communication channel communicate, and this first communication channel and second communication channel are from a plurality of remote RF ID communicator receiving communication signals; A selector, this selector are measured energy level corresponding on this first communication channel and this second communication channel to select in this first communication channel and the second communication channel according to measured energy level; And decoding circuit, this decoding circuit is decoded to the signal of communication that receives from these a plurality of remote RF ID communicators.
According to another aspect, the invention provides a kind of medium of storage computation machine program, when carrying out by a processing unit, this program is carried out a kind of method that is used for processing RF ID communication device data, and this method comprises that measurement has the communication channel of higher energy level and obtains a plurality of data samples from the RFID signal that receives at selected channel in the energy level of the RFID signal that receives on the first communication channel, the energy level of measuring the RFID signal that receives on a second communication channel, selection.This method that is used for processing RF ID communication device data can further comprise from preamble of a series generation of the data sample that obtains.
Description of drawings
By referring to following detailed description and consider in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and will be easier to obtain that similarly Reference numeral refers to similar elements in the accompanying drawings to more comprehensively the understanding of the present invention and subsidiary advantage and characteristics, and in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of a communication system of constructed according to principles of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the different aspect of the communication system among Fig. 1 of constructed according to principles of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the controller module of a RFID reader of constructed according to principles of the present invention and the block diagram of RF module;
Fig. 4 A is the block diagram of decoder module of a RFID reader of constructed according to principles of the present invention;
Fig. 4 B is the block diagram that is used for a Frame being handled by the decoder module of Fig. 4 A; And
Fig. 5 increases the flow chart of reader to a process of the data throughput of label in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
Embodiment
Referring now to accompanying drawing,, wherein identical Reference numeral refers to similar elements, figure 1 illustrates constructed according to principles of the present invention an example system view and be designated as " 100 " generally.Communication system 100 is provided at an electronic recognition system in this illustrated embodiment.Further, illustrated communication system 100 is configured to be used for the backscatter communications of following detailed description.Other communication protocols can be used for other embodiments.
The communication system of being described 100 comprises at least one reader 102 and at least one the electric wireless remote communication device 106 with a decoder 104.Radio frequency (" RF ") communication can occur between a reader 102 and a plurality of remote communication devices 106, and this reader and these remote communication devices use in recognition system and product surveillance system as exemplary application.
In these these illustrated embodiments, multiple arrangement 106 comprises a plurality of radio-frequency (RF) identification (" RFID ") device.A plurality of wireless remote communication device 106 typically communicate with reader 102, but have only such device 106 to be shown among Fig. 1.
Although a plurality of communicators 106 can be used in the communication system 100, between multiple arrangement 106 itself, typically there is not communication.On the contrary, these a plurality of communicators 106 communicate with reader 102.A plurality of communicators 106 can be used in the field identical with reader 102, promptly in the communication range of reader 102.Similarly, a plurality of readers 102 can be near these install one or more in 106.
In one embodiment, remote communication devices 106 is configured to utilize a kind of wireless medium to carry out interface with reader 102 to be connected.Say that more clearly in illustrated embodiment, communicator 106 and communication between the reader 102 are to be connected (for example a kind of RF connects, for example with microwave frequency) by an electromagnetism to carry out.Reader 102 is configured to export a plurality of forward link wireless communication signals 108.Further, reader 102 can move and be used for receiving a plurality of connection wireless communication signals 110, for example answer signals of returning in response to forward link communication signal 108 from multiple arrangement 106.According to foregoing, the forward link communication signal with return that to be connected signal of communication be wireless signal, as radiofrequency signal.Also considered other forms of electromagnetic communication signals, as infrared signal, voice signal and similar signal.
Be in operation, reader 102 is by antenna 112 emission a forward link communication signal 108, for example inquiry command signals.Communicator 106 can move the forward link signal 108 of coming with reception.When received signal 108, communicator 106 returns connection signal of communication 110 (for example, response answer signal) by transmission response and gives a response.Below will illustrate in greater detail the communication in the system 100.
In one embodiment, utilize the information of discerning or identify the specific device of launching 106 uniquely that connection signal of communication 110 (for example response answer signal) is returned in response and encode, so that any object, animal or human person that identification is associated with communicator 106.A plurality of communicators 106 can be a plurality of RFID labels that are attached on the object or person person, wherein utilize and by the relevant information of the object or person person of attaching each label are programmed.This information can be taked various ways and the demand that will satisfy according to this information can be more in detail or simple.For example, this information can comprise commodity identifying information, for example a Universial Product Code.A label can comprise for the identifying information of authorizing an authorized person of this label and security personnel's License Info.In order to discern an object or person person who is associated uniquely, a label also can have a unique sequence number.Alternately, a label can comprise and the more detailed information that object or person are relevant, for example complete description of these object or person.As exemplary alternative further, a label can be stored a single bit, so that provide antitheft control or simple tracking that enters and leave at a specific reader place by detecting an object or person person, and needn't discern this object or person person specially.
Remote-control device 106 is configured in response to receiving forward connection radio communication 108 answer signal of output in responder link communication 110.Reader 102 is configured to receive and identify out this answer signal in replying connection signal of communication 110 (for example inverse signal).This answer signal can be used in the specific emission communicator 106 of identification and can comprise and communicator 106 corresponding various information, includes but not limited to data, configuration data or other command informations of storing.
Explain an exemplary of reader 102 referring to Fig. 2.In this embodiment, reader 102 has a RF module or unit 200 and controller module or unit 202.RF module 200 comprises a radio-signal source 204 that is used for complex RF signal (for example inquiry RF signal), and this signal source outputs to a RF signal on the reception transmitter 206 of reader 102.Inquiry RF signal from source 204 uses suitable frequency, for example a 915MHz.When radio-signal source 204 energisings, receive transmitter 206 and on a communicator 106, will inquire the RF signal (typically by antenna 112, utilizing after this RF signal of an information signal modulates) be transmitted to a suitable antenna 114, as a dipole antenna.
Receive the signal of modulation and it is delivered to reception transmitter 206 from communicator 106 by antenna 112.The controller module 202 of reader 102 receives the digital equivalent signal of the signal of this modulation.In one embodiment, controller module 202 produces a sequence, and this sequence has in the read-only memory (" ROM ") 208 of identification communication device 106 a kind of pattern of 1 and 0.For example, the sequence that receives and handle can be in reader 102 compares to determine whether the object that is being identified is the object that reader 102 is being searched with the sequence of a hope.
Continuation is referring to Fig. 2, and an embodiment of remote communication devices 106 is made an explanation.Illustrated communicator 106 comprises a modulator 210 and data source of the receiver/transmitter with following explanation, and for example ROM 208, and this data source provides the sequence of binary one and Binary Zero to discern this object with a kind of single pattern.In this embodiment, the binary one among the ROM 208 makes modulator 210 produce one more than first signal period, and the binary zero among the ROM 208 makes modulator 210 produce one more than second signal period that is different from this more than first signal.These a plurality of signal periods are introduced in dipole antenna 114 by binary one and the Binary Zero pattern that modulator 210 produces in order with this object of expression identification, are used for being transferred to antenna 112 at reader 102.In another embodiment, communicator 106 can have the reception antenna and the transmitting antenna of separation.Communicator 106 may further include optional power supply (not shown) being connected to modulator 210 so that provide operate power for modulator 210.
Further describe the exemplary of reader 102 among Fig. 2 referring to Fig. 3.As shown in Figure 3, reader 102 comprises a RF module or unit 200 and controller processing module or unit 202.RF module 200 comprises a signal transmitting antenna 112A, a signal receiving antenna 112B, one the one RF interface 300, one the 2nd RF interface 302, a power amplifier 304, a modulator 306, one first band pass filter 308, a digital to analog converter (" DAC ") 310, a switch regulator 312, an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM (" EPROM ") 314, a static random access memory (" SRAM ") 316, a synthesizer 318, a demodulator 320, the second and the 3rd band pass filter 322, a plurality of analog to digital converters (" ADC ") 324, a digital signal processor (" DSP ") 326, a decoder 104,328 and communication port 330 of an optional logic device (" LD ").Synthesizer 318 is transmitted into modulator 306 and demodulator 320 with one referring to signal, they can be used to utilize the signal of communication of these emissions come to received signal of communication carry out synchronously, filtering and/or adjustment.Decoder 104 provides the obtaining and handling of the signal of communication that is received, this obtain and handle referring to Fig. 4 A describe in more detail.
Continuation is referring to Fig. 3, and controller processing module 202 comprises a communication port 332 of carrying out interface by communication port 330 wireless or wire communication connection 334 and RF module 200.Controller processing module 202 further comprises a SRAM 336, flash memory 338, controller processor 340,342, memory expansion module 344 of USB (" USB ") and a communication block 346.
Fig. 4 A shows according to exemplary decoder module of a RFID reader 102 of principles of construction of the present invention or unit 104.It should be noted that the decoder 104 shown in Fig. 4 A is exemplary decoder 104, this decoder uses in a RFID inquiry system of the present invention, and in this disclosed a kind of particular design or type that the invention is not restricted to decoder 104.Decoder module 104 comprises an energy level detector/receiver 400 of the signal that is used to detect and receive down conversion, the signal of this conversion for example is by such as the I output from demodulator 320 of the communication path of first channel 402 (for example " channel I "), and from the Q output of second channel 404 (for example " channel Q ").Decoder module 104 can further comprise selector 406, processor 408 and decoding circuit 410.Analog to digital converter 324 (Fig. 3) can provide response signal samples to be used for decoding on first and second channels 402,404, these response signal samples are passed to decoding circuit 410 through this front-end filtering, and this front-end filtering can be the part of energy level detector/receiver 400, selector switch 406 and processor 408.These sample of signal can be digitized or also therefore were converted into a high or low value based on a high/low threshold value before by decoding circuit 410 these sample of signal being carried out actual decoding by processor 408 strict restrictions.
A series of signal sample can be handled on a ground, to comprise whole or a plurality of parts of a protocol response frame (for example frame shown in Fig. 4 B 420).Energy level detector/receiver 400 is measured the energy level of first channel 402 and second channel 404 and this information is delivered to selector 406.Selector 406 determines which channel has higher energy level and also the signal of this channel is delivered to processor 408, and this processor is filtering and the selected signal of strict restriction before decoding circuit 410 carries out actual decoding.This has advantageously reduced memory requirement, because be for a channel obtains a plurality of samples, rather than is two channels, this so that also increased the throughput of data be used for possible processing and decoding because select or selected a single channel.Selector 406 can be various types of comparators, includes but not limited to voltage or digital comparator.Decoder module 104 can comprise and is used to handle hardware, software, microcode and the firmware of the response signal samples on channel I and channel Q or their any combination, as the following more fully discussion of carrying out.Although processor 408 and decoding circuit 410 are shown separated components in Fig. 4 A, expect that these parts can be integrated mutually or integrate with energy level detector/receiver 400 and selector switch 406.
Fig. 4 B shows the exemplary protocol response frame 420 of decoder 104 from the information of RFID communicator 106 receptions.In this embodiment, frame 420 comprises a preamble field 422 (this typically is 6 bit widths), a protocol counter string (for example random number of 16 bits (" RN16 ")), data and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) (" CRC ") field 424 and a mute bit field 426.CRC is a class hash function, be used at a blocks of data produce a school inspection and, this verification and be a little fixed number of bits.
Fig. 5 shows an exemplary process diagram that increases the process of label data throughput according to one aspect of the invention.At step S502, a reader 102 sends to a plurality of remote communication devices 106 with an instruction, for example a plurality of RFID labels.Reader 102 receiver 400 receive a response or at least reader 102 think a response, and measure the energy level (step S504) on one first channel 402 and the second channel 404.There is diverse ways can determine this energy level, comprises the Sampling techniques of use for these two channels (for example channel I and channel Q).Although the energy level of measuring in first and second channels carries out simultaneously at step S504, this measurement can be carried out individually and with any order.In case the energy level to first channel 402 and second channel 404 is measured, just the selected device 406 of the channel (and its sample frame) that these energy levels compare and energy level is bigger is selected to be used for further processing (step S506).This has advantageously increased the processing of communication data, because be a channel rather than two channels is obtained sample.At step S508, selected or selected channel is obtained a plurality of data samples.In this embodiment, during the time period between the sample acquisition process, these data samples are handled (step S510).Data sample during this time period between the sample acquisition process is handled and is called as online processing, and improved the throughput of communication, because be between these samples, data to be decoded, and be to decode on the part of data block that receives or frame 420 rather than on data block that all receives or frame 420.
Before the selected channel of communicating by letter with Frame 420 being carried out conventional full piece formula filtration, the preamble 422 (or another field or part) of selected frame is decoded at step S512.At step S514, preamble field 422 is analyzed or calibration and determine whether preamble field 422 is effective.If preamble field 422 is effectively, so at step S516 the data field of protocol response frame 420 is handled.Otherwise, at step S518, this protocol response frame 420 is given up, and is sent another order to label 106 (step S520) by RFID reader 102.For example, transmission requirement perhaps can select another label ID to be used for data processing from the previous instruction of the state that has a selected label of ID again.
As mentioned above, decoder 104 can comprise the hardware, software, microcode and the firmware that are used for these response signals on processing channel I and the channel Q and are used to select which channel to handle or their any combination.For example, an analog to digital converter (" ADC ") can be configured to select the above-mentioned algorithm of decoder " channel I " input or decoder " channel Q " input to make response further to handle to being used to.
Because filtering and conversion of signals require to consume considerable processing resource, before carrying out signal processing to the received signal, the integrality that receives signal of communication by test can be saved substantial processing.
The invention provides a kind of method that is used for improving the RFID tag data process by definite data integrity that receives before handling at block.
It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the content that specifically illustrates and illustrate above the invention is not restricted to.In addition, unless opposite explanation is arranged, it should be noted that all accompanying drawings and not drawn on scale.Under the prerequisite that does not depart from scope and spirit of the present invention, can carry out various modifications and variations according to the above content of teaching, scope and spirit of the present invention only are subjected to the restriction of following claim.
Claims (14)
1. method that is used to handle the data of radio-frequency (RF) identification (RFID) communicator, this method comprises:
Measure the energy level of the RFID signal that receives on the first communication channel;
Measure the energy level of the RFID signal that receives on the second communication channel;
Selection has the communication channel of higher energy level; And
From the RFID signal that receives at selected channel, obtain a plurality of data samples, wherein from the RFID signal that selected channel receives, obtain data sample and comprise at least one the logic state of using in the data sample that a threshold value determines that these obtained.
2. the method for claim 1 further comprises producing a preamble from a string data sample that obtains.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 wherein produces a preamble and occurs in during the time period of obtaining between a plurality of data samples from a string data sample that obtains.
4. method as claimed in claim 2 further comprises the data integrity of testing this preamble.
5. if method as claimed in claim 4 is through determining that this preamble is effectively, then handles a Frame that is associated with this preamble.
6. method as claimed in claim 4 is if through determining that this preamble is invalid, then give up a Frame that is associated with this preamble.
7. method as claimed in claim 6 further comprises from this first communication channel and this second communication channel receiving another instruction.
8. decoder that is used for the RFID communication system, this decoder comprises:
With a first communication channel and the receiver that the second communication channel communicates, this first communication channel and this second communication channel are from a plurality of remote RF ID communicator receiving communication signals;
A selector, this selector are measured energy level corresponding on this first communication channel and this second communication channel, and this selector selects to have the communication channel of higher energy level; And
Decoding circuit, this decoding circuit is decoded to the signal of communication that receives from these a plurality of remote RF ID communicators.
9. decoder as claimed in claim 8 further comprises being used for front-end filtering circuit that the signal of communication that receives from these a plurality of remote RF ID communicators is filtered.
10. decoder as claimed in claim 8, wherein this signal of communication comprises at least a portion of a data block, this part of this data block is used to determine whether that this data block to complete decodes.
One of 11. decoder as claimed in claim 10, wherein this selector is a) voltage comparator and b) digital comparator.
12. an equipment that is used to handle the data of radio-frequency (RF) identification (RFID) communicator, this equipment comprises:
The device of the energy level of the RFID signal that measurement receives on a first communication channel;
The device of the energy level of the RFID signal that measurement receives on a second communication channel;
Selection has the device of the communication channel of higher energy level; And
Obtain the device of data sample from the RFID signal that receives at selected channel, wherein the device that obtains data sample from the RFID signal that receives at selected channel comprises and uses the device of a threshold value with the logic state of at least one data sample of determining to be obtained.
13. equipment as claimed in claim 12 further comprises the device that produces a preamble from a string data sample that obtains.
14. equipment as claimed in claim 13 wherein produces a preamble and occurs in during the time period of obtaining between a plurality of data samples from a string data sample that obtains.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84809406P | 2006-09-29 | 2006-09-29 | |
| US60/848,094 | 2006-09-29 | ||
| US11/786,397 | 2007-04-11 | ||
| US11/786,397 US20080079557A1 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2007-04-11 | Radio frequency identification fast tag response method and system |
| PCT/US2007/021172 WO2008042380A2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2007-10-01 | Radio frequency identification fast tag response method and system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101589559A CN101589559A (en) | 2009-11-25 |
| CN101589559B true CN101589559B (en) | 2013-07-31 |
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| CN200780036178.XA Expired - Fee Related CN101589559B (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2007-10-01 | Radio frequency identification fast tag response method and system |
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| WO2023230976A1 (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-12-07 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Detecting passive devices proximate to a reader device |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020063622A1 (en) * | 2000-11-29 | 2002-05-30 | Ludwig Kipp | Method and system for communicating with and tracking RFID transponders |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020063622A1 (en) * | 2000-11-29 | 2002-05-30 | Ludwig Kipp | Method and system for communicating with and tracking RFID transponders |
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| AR063082A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 |
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