CN101580727A - Cleaning, pyrolysis and oil extracting methods of low-rank coal by internal heat rolling bed - Google Patents
Cleaning, pyrolysis and oil extracting methods of low-rank coal by internal heat rolling bed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses cleaning, pyrolysis and oil extracting methods of low-rank coal by internal heat rolling bed, comprising a coal preparation working section, a coal drying working section, a pyrolysis working section, a product recovery working section and a sewage disposal working section, wherein, the pyrolysis working section adopts an internal heat rotary kiln, and the coal material enters the tail of a pyrolysis kiln after passing through the coal preparation working section and the coal drying working section; flue gas used for heating is injected into the kiln from the head of the kiln, and directly heats and pyrolyzes the coal material; semicoke generated by pyrolysis is quenched by closed gauge water; solid-gas mixture generated by pyrolysis is dedusted and condensed to recycle tar and coal gas; water vapor generated by coal quenching and waste water generated by condensation to recycle the tar and coal gas enter a waste water incinerator for incineration, and the generated mixed gas of water vapor and thermal waste gas can be used for drying the coal material. The method has low energy consumption, good quality of pyrolysis products and wide application scope for low-rank coal, and can be applied to brown coal and the low-rank coal, which have granularity being less than 50mm and the coal having certain cohesive property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of in the low-rank coal, low temperature pyrogenation technology, relate in particular to the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of a kind of low-rank coal oil extracting methods.
Background technology
To in the low-rank coal, low temperature pyrogenation technology develops and studies since the 1950's.
Low-rank coal is meant the coal that degree of coalification is lower, comprises sticking coal and bottle coal etc. in brown coal, long-flame coal, the weakly caking coal, 1/2;
In, low temperature pyrogenation is meant that coal under the atmosphere of secluding air, utilizes heating medium directly or indirectly coal to be heated, heating eventually temperature at 500 ℃--900 ℃, output solid semicoke, gas coal gas and liquid is low, the coal-tar middle oil product.
In the prior art, in the low-rank coal, the technology of low temperature pyrogenation and equipment have varied, as internal thermal upright furnaceman skill, solid thermal carriers distillation process, external-heating rotary kiln technology etc.
There is following shortcoming at least in above-mentioned prior art:
Consume energy higher, pyrolysis product is of poor quality, and is and narrower to the subject range of low-rank coal.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of power consumption is low, the pyrolysis product quality is good, and to the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of the low-rank coal oil extracting methods of the wide accommodation of low-rank coal.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal of the present invention oil extracting methods comprises following workshop section:
Be equipped with coal workshop section, the dry workshop section of coal, pyrolysis workshop section, product recycle section, sewage disposal workshop section;
Described pyrolysis workshop section adopts the internal heat type rotary kiln, and the kiln tail of described internal heat type rotary kiln is higher than kiln hood;
Coal charge is through the laggard kiln tail of going into described internal heat type rotary kiln of the described dry workshop section that is equipped with coal workshop section, coal; The flue gas of heating usefulness sprays in the kiln from described kiln hood, and described coal charge is heated pyrolysis; Product after the pyrolysis carries out described product recycle section.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal of the present invention oil extracting methods, because pyrolysis workshop section adopts the internal heat type rotary kiln, coal charge is gone into the kiln tail through the dry workshop section that is equipped with coal workshop section, coal is laggard; The flue gas of heating usefulness directly heats pyrolysis to coal charge in kiln hood sprays into kiln; Product after the pyrolysis carries out the product recycle section.Consume energy low, the pyrolysis product quality is good, and to the wide accommodation of low-rank coal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of specific embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
The internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal of the present invention oil extracting methods, its preferable embodiment comprises following workshop section as shown in Figure 1:
Be equipped with coal workshop section, the dry workshop section of coal, pyrolysis workshop section, product recycle section, sewage disposal workshop section;
Described pyrolysis workshop section adopts the internal heat type rotary kiln, and the kiln tail of described internal heat type rotary kiln is higher than kiln hood;
Coal charge is gone into described kiln tail through the described dry workshop section that is equipped with coal workshop section, coal is laggard; The flue gas of heating usefulness sprays in the kiln from described kiln hood, and described coal charge is heated pyrolysis; Product after the pyrolysis carries out the product recycle section.
Described product recycle section comprises:
The semicoke that pyrolysis produces enters the rotary type coke quenching machine through described kiln hood, takes the quenching of closed gauge water;
The solids and gas mixture that pyrolysis produces is derived by described kiln tail delivery line, carries out solid and gas through separator and separates, and removes the solid coal dust; Derive gaseous mixture and reclaim tar and coal gas through condensation.
Water vapour after the described quenching enters incinerator and burns, and the hot steam after the burning is used for the dry workshop section moisture-free coal material of described coal;
The dried water vapour of dry workshop section of coal is used for described quenching after cooling is reclaimed.
The coal gas that described condensation is reclaimed carries out after desulfurizing and purifying handles, a part act as a fuel utilizations, the outer supply of part downstream user in addition;
The phenolic wastewater that condensation produces enters incinerator and burns, and the hot steam after the burning is used for the dry workshop section moisture-free coal material of described coal.
Described internal heat type rotary kiln is divided into preheating section, decomposes section, conversion zone from kiln tail to kiln hood;
The kiln temperature of advancing of the flue gas of described heating usefulness is 700～1000 ℃; The temperature out of described solids and gas mixture is 150～650 ℃.
Described being equipped with in the coal workshop section,, the coal charge granularity is selected the following low-rank coal of 50mm.
In the dry workshop section of described coal, the drying mode of coal adopts the normal pressure rotary dryer, and moisture eliminator is the rotor that and sea line become inclination;
Coal charge adds from a higher end; Thermophore enters from a low end or a high end; Described thermophore is for burning back waste steam and waste hot gas, and its inlet temperature is 200～700 ℃.
The temperature out of described thermophore is 100-200 ℃; The hot waste gas of discharging captures the particulate dust of being with in the gas get off by tornado dust collector, after cooling is reclaimed through condenser again, is used for described quenching.
The sewage of described sewage disposal workshop section comprises the waste water that quenching waste water, gaseous mixture produce when tar and coal gas are reclaimed in condensation;
Described waste water enters waster water incinerator and burns, and the water vapour of generation and hot waste gas are used for the dry workshop section moisture-free coal material of described coal.
Specific embodiment, as shown in Figure 1:
Complete technology comprises following five parts: drying, pyrolysis, the product that is equipped with coal, coal reclaims, sewage disposal.Below each part is described in detail:
1. be equipped with coal workshop section
The coal charge granularity is selected the following low-rank coal of 50mm, and coal charge is delivered to dry kiln top coal charge hopper by rotary conveyor or chapelet.
2. the dry workshop section of coal
Coal charge enters the moisture eliminator feed end through the charging machine of hopper by feeding tube.The drying mode of coal adopts the normal pressure rotary dryer, and moisture eliminator is the rotor that and sea line slightly become inclination.Material adds from a higher end, along with the rotation material gravitate of cylinder runs to the end end of than.Wet stock moves forward in cylindrical shell in the process, has directly obtained the heat of giving of thermophore, makes wet stock be able to drying, sends through conveyor or worm conveyor at discharge end then.Thermophore is for burning waste steam and waste hot gas, coal charge and thermophore flow direction have following current and adverse current dual mode according to arts demand, at 200～700 ℃, the waste gas outlet temperature is at 100-200 ℃ according to the different choice inlet temperature of the full water-content of coal charge and coal for heatrejection.After hot waste gas is drawn by the rotary dryer pneumatic outlet, through tornado dust collector with gas in the particulate dust of being with capture, collect dry water reuse quenching through condenser again.
3. the pyrolysis workshop section of coal
Young pyrolysis of coal processing unit adopts the internal heat type rotary kiln.Direct and the flue gas Contact Heating material of material is inlayed refractory brick and insulating brick in the cylinder.
Rotary kiln is by cylindrical shell, transmission mechanism, holder, gear wheel supporting device, and kiln hood, the sealing of kiln tail, kiln hood cover and combustion unit etc. are partly formed.Can be rotary kiln outfit charging system, discharge system and dust-removal system according to different coal charge character and requirement.
According to the coal charge residence time and pyrolysis time in cylindrical shell the kiln body is divided into preheating section, decomposes section, conversion zone.The length of each working zone is with the chemical reaction of material and treatment process and different.The cylindrical shell of rotary kiln is rolled by steel plate and forms, and cylindrical shell is shaped as straight barrel type, and becomes the gradient of regulation with sea line, is bearing in respectively by the wheel band and keeps off on the supporting device.
The rotary kiln principle of work: coal charge enters calcining in the kiln from kiln tail (cylindrical shell high-end).Because the inclination of cylindrical shell and gyroscopic action slowly, coal charge since action of gravity is along the circumferential direction rolled but vertically (from high-end to low side) move, in the basipetal moving process of coal charge, spray into after hot flue gas in the kiln carries out reverse heat exchange with kiln hood, through the preheating zone, divide and ungird, reaction zone, coal charge reaches decomposition temperature and begins to decompose generation coal gas and tar, semicoke enters the cooling system cooling through the kiln hood cover, waste gas, coal gas, tar vapour, water vapour, solids and gas mixtures such as coal particle dust are derived by the kiln tail and are entered follow-up purification separation system, finish its technological process.Overflow cylindrical shell for preventing that freezing air from entering with exhaust gas dust, be provided with reliable kiln tail and kiln hood tightness system at the feed end (afterbody) and the discharge end (head) of cylindrical shell.
Rotary kiln design pyrolytical condition is: hot waste gas advances the kiln temperature at 700～1000 ℃, 150～650 ℃ of solids and gas mixture temperature outs, and coal charge pyrolysis time in kiln is regulated by rotating speed.
4. product recycle section
The semicoke product is taked closed gauge water quenching technology, according to the water yield of the sensible heat of semicoke control needs, and quantitatively multistage feedwater quenching, the temperature of control outlet semicoke keeps dry state semicoke.Water vapour after the quenching is derived by delivery line and is entered the incinerator burning, burns the back hot steam and is used for dry coal charge, and dry back water vapour cools off and reclaims the reuse quenching.
The solids and gas mixture that pyrolysis produces is derived by kiln tail delivery line, is introduced into cyclonic separator and carries out the solid and gas separation, removes the solid coal dust; Derive gaseous mixture (tar vapour, coal gas and water vapour) and reclaim tar and coal gas through condensation, coal gas carries out entering gas chamber after desulfurizing and purifying is handled, a part act as a fuel utilizations, the outer supply of part downstream user in addition; The phenolic wastewater of output is used for dry workshop section after adopting incinerator to burn.
5. sewage disposal workshop section
This process spent water is mainly derived from the waste water of quenching waste water and the generation of coal-gas recovering workshop section, and all waste water all enter waster water incinerator and burn, and the water vapour of generation and hot waste gas all are used for dry coal charge.So promptly saved the energy, can well reclaim the pollution-free reuse water that dry workshop section produces again, the whole production process water has been played good saving effect.
Among the present invention, the raw gas that pyrolysis produces is gas, solid mixture matter, and the low-rank coal thermostability is relatively poor, easily causes in the technological process Dust Capacity big, and separation difficulty must be carried out the separating treatment of dust and then recovering liquid tar at first at a certain temperature; The quenching of closed reuse water can be saved new water, and coke quenching steam can reach environmental requirement fully by secondary combustion; To the cooling of gaseous product appropriateness, extract coal tar by condenser.
The internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal of the present invention oil extracting methods has following characteristics:
It is wider to be suitable for the coal scope, brown coal, low-rank coal and have certain caking coal and all can use; The year light coal upright furnace of granularity below 30mm can not be utilized at present, and the present invention can solve small grain size coal utilization problem;
Adopt the internal heat type pyrolysis, improve heating efficiency, cut down the consumption of energy; Adopt rotary kiln rolling bed apparatus, the coal charge homogeneous heating; Adopt closed reuse water spray control quenching technology, can save new water and effectively control the semicoke water content, coke quenching water and phenolic wastewater burning disposal technology, can not only solve the sewage pollution problem well, and its waste gas enters and is used for dry coal charge, save energy and water resources after fully burning in the combustion chamber.
Coke quenching steam can reach environmental requirement fully by secondary combustion; Pre-dried is gone into the kiln coal charge, can improve the utilising efficiency of downstream unit, reduces equipment scale.
The present invention not only can extract valuable coal tar, and semicoke can be used for industries such as blast furnace blowing, gasification, iron alloy, and residual gas is used for generating, has realized comprehensive utilization of resources, optimizes energy structure, clean environment firendly, comprehensive benefit be good.
The above; only for the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of a kind of low-rank coal oil extracting methods is characterized in that, comprises following workshop section:
Be equipped with coal workshop section, the dry workshop section of coal, pyrolysis workshop section, product recycle section, sewage disposal workshop section;
Described pyrolysis workshop section adopts the internal heat type rotary kiln, and the kiln tail of described internal heat type rotary kiln is higher than kiln hood;
Coal charge is through the laggard kiln tail of going into described internal heat type rotary kiln of the described dry workshop section that is equipped with coal workshop section, coal; The flue gas of heating usefulness sprays in the kiln from described kiln hood, and described coal charge is heated pyrolysis; Product after the pyrolysis carries out described product recycle section.
2, the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal according to claim 1 oil extracting methods is characterized in that, described product recycle section comprises:
The semicoke that pyrolysis produces enters the rotary type coke quenching machine through described kiln hood, takes the quenching of closed gauge water;
The solids and gas mixture that pyrolysis produces is derived by described kiln tail delivery line, carries out solid and gas through cyclonic separator and separates, and removes the solid coal dust; Derive gaseous mixture and reclaim tar and coal gas through condensation.
3, the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal according to claim 2 oil extracting methods is characterized in that, the water vapour after the described quenching enters incinerator and burns, and the hot steam after the burning is used for the dry workshop section moisture-free coal material of described coal;
The dried water vapour of dry workshop section of coal is used for described quenching after cooling is reclaimed.
4, the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal according to claim 2 oil extracting methods is characterized in that, the coal gas that described condensation is reclaimed carries out after desulfurizing and purifying handles, a part act as a fuel utilizations, the outer supply of part downstream user in addition;
The phenolic wastewater that condensation produces enters incinerator and burns, and the hot steam after the burning is used for the dry workshop section moisture-free coal material of described coal.
5, the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal according to claim 2 oil extracting methods is characterized in that, described internal heat type rotary kiln is divided into preheating section, decomposes section, conversion zone from kiln tail to kiln hood;
6, the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal according to claim 5 oil extracting methods is characterized in that, the kiln temperature of advancing of the flue gas of described heating usefulness is 700～1000 ℃; The temperature out of described solids and gas mixture is 150～650 ℃.
7, the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal according to claim 1 oil extracting methods is characterized in that, described being equipped with in the coal workshop section, the coal charge granularity is selected the following low-rank coal of 50mm.
8, the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal according to claim 2 oil extracting methods is characterized in that, in the dry workshop section of described coal, the drying mode of coal adopts the normal pressure rotary dryer, and moisture eliminator is the rotor that and sea line become inclination;
Coal charge adds from a higher end; Thermophore enters from a low end or a high end; Described thermophore is for burning back waste steam and waste hot gas, and its inlet temperature is 200～700 ℃.
9, the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal according to claim 8 oil extracting methods is characterized in that, the temperature out of described thermophore is 100-200 ℃; The hot waste gas of discharging captures the particulate dust of being with in the gas get off by tornado dust collector, after cooling is reclaimed through condenser again, is used for described quenching.
10, the internal heat rolling bed cleaning pyrolysis of low-rank coal according to claim 2 oil extracting methods is characterized in that, the sewage of described sewage disposal workshop section comprises the waste water that quenching waste water, gaseous mixture produce when tar and coal gas are reclaimed in condensation;
Described waste water enters waster water incinerator and burns, and the water vapour of generation and hot waste gas are used for the dry workshop section moisture-free coal material of described coal.
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| CN101880540A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2010-11-10 | 西北化工研究院 | Low-coalification degree pulverized coal pyrolysis method and product prepared through the same |
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Application publication date: 20091118 |