A kind of method that adopts the steel pipe rolling mill group to make heavy caliber, high-alloy steel seamless tubular goods
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the manufacturing technology of seamless steel pipe, relate in particular to the manufacturing technology of heavy caliber, middle heavy wall, unmanageable high alloy steel high-end seamless tubular goods.
Background technology:
Steel have good comprehensive serviceability, and can under different working conditions, bear desired load and have the required cycle in service life, and processing performance is good, be the indispensable important foundation material of the development of the national economy.In general, call steel to the carbon-iron alloy of phosphorus content 0.02%-2%, phosphorus content is called cast iron greater than 2% carbon-iron alloy.According to different dividing standards, can steel be divided into different classes.Chemical composition according to steel can be divided into carbon steel and steel alloy:
Composition in the carbon steel also contains minor amount of silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, oxygen and the nitrogen etc. that in smelting, are difficult to Ex-all except iron and carbon.According to the phosphorus content size, carbon steel is divided into mild steel (carbon containing is less than 0.25%), medium carbon steel (carbon containing 0.25%~0.6%) and high-carbon steel (carbon containing is greater than 0.6%).
Steel alloy is the steel that specially adds or surpass the alloying element that carbon steel limits the quantity of, so that make properties such as its intensity that has general carbon steel and can not possess, toughness, corrosion resistance, wearability, hear resistance, red hardness.These alloying elements comprise manganese, silicon, alum, chromium, nickel, titanium, vanadium etc.The alloying element total content is a low-alloy steel less than 5%, and 5%~10% is medium alloy steel, is high-alloy steel greater than 10%.
Steel has good processing characteristics generally speaking; But raising along with alloying element content; Steel alloy particularly high-alloy steel all shows as generally speaking: thus process plastic descends, the deformation temperature interval narrows down, fragility increases, resistance of deformation strengthens and makes difficulty of processing increasing; Therefore the difficulty of processing of high-alloy steel product is bigger, not only consumptive material, consuming time, cost is high, and difficult quality is guaranteed.Especially shaping of high-alloy steel seamless tubular goods is one of manufacturing difficult problem of puzzlement seamless steel pipe always.
As one of key character of modern steel pipe manufacturing technological progress; With PQF three-roll continuous rolling unit is that the steel pipe continuous rolling technology of representative has obtained development attracting people's attention, and makes it to become the representative tube rolling unit of a kind of high production capacity, high accuracy, high automation level.The insider assert reasonablely that always this type steel pipe rolling mill group be fit to produce all kinds of medium-small diameter with property in batches, the special-purpose tubing of middle thin-walled, and adopts superiority that continuous casting billet produces carbon steel, low-alloy steel tubing also very significantly.At this moment, comprise that the whole rolling production process quite stable, technology of perforation is also very ripe.But, in the face of all kinds of high-alloy steel, the high alloy steel high-end pipe of especially middle heavy caliber (external diameter is more than Φ 250mm), middle heavy wall (diameter-wall-rate is below 25), such steel pipe rolling mill group but demonstrates far away as the due advantage of a kind of severe deformation unit.One of them reason is, it will directly adopt continuous casting billet to produce the high-end tubing of high-alloy steel again through the steel pipe rolling mill group through perforation, and this remains in many problems technically, remains further to be solved.
The existing technological process of adopting the steel pipe rolling mill group to make seamless steel pipe is:
Be shaped → heat → decide tube reducing → cooling → finished product heat treatment → back finishing → finished product again through molten steel → continuous casting → circle base cut-out → (cogging of the heating → forging rolling) → removing surface → heating → heat centering of external refining, the tandem rolling that de-scaling → perforation → assurance obtains lengthening coefficient 3-5.(as shown in Figure 1).
Adopt above-mentioned prior art, on the steel pipe rolling mill group, produce all kinds of high-alloy steel heavy calibers, the high-end tubing of middle heavy wall, maximum limitation comes from the perforation of continuous casting billet and the quality level of used pipe thereof.On the one hand, the quality of high-alloy steel continuous casting billet itself need improve and stablize; On the other hand; Perforation also is difficult to guarantee to reach the quality requirement of expection; Because steel alloy particularly high-alloy steel forms vestibule and promptly produces so-called " Mannesmann effect " in heart position very easily therein in perforation procedure, thereby stay all surfaces and the defective inherence.The vestibule of exposed type is fold defect in inwall then often forms, and the enclosed type vestibule then is prone to produce all kinds of lamination defects.These defectives usually all are counted as fatefulue for high-end tubing.Therefore, for bigbore high alloy steel high-end seamless steel pipe, the manufacturing process of " zero punch defective " is the long-term target of pursuing of steel pipe circle personage always.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention under the above-mentioned background technical conditions, through researching and developing the process of the heavy caliber that draws, middle heavy wall, difficult high alloy steel high-end seamless steel tube production of being out of shape with great concentration, is specially just:
A kind of new method that adopts the steel pipe rolling mill group to make the high alloy steel high-end seamless tubular goods comprises following processing step:
The first step becomes hollow bloom through the high-alloy steel molten steel of external refining through centrifugal casting machine centrifugal casting;
In second step, the front end outer surface of said hollow bloom is processed into " head of nipping " with 1: 3.75~5 taperings, and the surfaces externally and internally of said hollow bloom and " head of nipping " of said front end are carried out machined and quality examination;
In the 3rd step, the said hollow bloom after machined and the quality examination is heated;
The 4th step imported plug and on said steel pipe rolling mill group, carried out continuous rolling the said hollow bloom after the heating, made the satisfactory pipe fitting of wall thickness, diameter and length;
The 5th step, said pipe fitting is carried out sizing, cooling, heat treatment, finishing, make qualified finished product tubing.
Wherein, the described centrifugal casting of the first step is on the rotation of casting mold and horizontal sextant angle are the horizontal centrifugal casting machine of 0 degree, to carry out, and the hollow bloom that centrifugal casting goes out is for waiting penetrating hollow bloom in two ends of wall thickness.
In said second step, it is 1: 4.17 " head of nipping " that the front end 250mm length outer surface of said hollow bloom is processed into tapering.
Machined described in second step is the cut that " head of nipping " of surfaces externally and internally and the said front end of said hollow bloom that centrifugal casting is become carries out.
Further, the thickness of cutting of said hollow bloom inner surface is no less than 5 millimeters, the thickness of cutting of said hollow bloom outer surface is no less than 2 millimeters.
The described thermal recovery associating heating that adds of the 3rd step promptly adopts combustion gas heating in the stove below 800 ℃, 800 ℃~1200 ℃ are adopted eddy-current heating.
When described hollow bloom of the 4th step imported plug and on said steel pipe rolling mill group, carries out continuous rolling, the total coefficient of elongation was more than or equal to 3.
Further, said steel pipe rolling mill group comprises many pipe mills, and the ratio of width to height of first pipe mill in the said steel pipe rolling mill group and the roll pass of second pipe mill is 1.26~1.29.
The deflection of first pipe mill of said steel pipe rolling mill group, second pipe mill and the 3rd pipe mill is respectively 18~22%, and 22~26%, 24~28%, the deflection of last two pipe mills is respectively 0.5~1.0% and 0.3~0.5%.
The 5th described finishing of step comprises machined and the aligning that as required said pipe fitting is carried out.
Adopt above-mentioned processing method of the present invention; Set up technologic the contact between first that high-quality centrifugal casting base and technology maturation, deformation condition is the more satisfactory steel pipe rolling mill group; Especially be used for producing heavy caliber, heavy wall, unmanageable high-alloy steel seamless tubular goods, formed a kind of energy-conservation, high-quality, economy and be different from a kind of short flow process production new technique of the production high alloy steel seamless steel pipe of conventional method.
Said method of the present invention has the following advantages with respect to existing processing technology:
1, adopts this patent method to produce heavy caliber high-alloy steel seamless tubular goods, need not the perforation work step that number of drawbacks appears in special arrangement easily, and correspondingly reduced hot centering and step such as heating again, shortened technological process, reduced cost;
2, adopt this patent method; Need not " perforation " work step; Really realized " zero punch defective ", for have on the steel pipe rolling mill group of severe deformation ability produce difficult distortion, high-precision high alloy steel high-end pipe is laid a good foundation, and has improved product quality and product percent of pass;
3, adopt the method for this patent, can also before heating, check, drop into follow-up heating and tandem rolling operation again after qualified, be convenient to the control of finished product quality, help to improve the qualification rate of product the quality of hollow bloom.Adopt existing technology then can not the workpiece quality before the road tandem rolling operation under the back entering of boring a hole to be detected, thereby probably cause the uneven workpiece of quality, cause the finished product difficult quality to be effectively controlled all through subsequent handling;
4, adopt this patent method; Need not the perforation process that number of drawbacks appears in special arrangement easily; For production deformation temperature interval high alloy steel high-end pipe narrow, that drag is big provides more favourable temperature conditions; And can be reduced by at least and once heat link again and shorten heat time heating time, but energy savings about 10%;
5, this patent method is a kind of tube-making process of lacking flow process, can reduce by 2-3 link at least, and does not need expensive large-tonnage cogging equipment, thereby obviously reduces equipment investment and the operating cost and the floor space in tubulation workshop;
6, this patent method is owing to employing dense structure, mechanical performance are better; Defective centrifugal casting pipes still less such as pore, shrinkage cavity, slag inclusion, coarse grain; Under the identical situation of deformation condition, this patent method can obtain surface quality and combination property special-purpose tubing more good, that can be used for important events;
7, adopt this patent method, the hollow ingot that front end has a little tapering " head of nipping " will help to improve rolled piece once, the secondary bite condition, can set up the stable operation of rolling fast.This production to the narrower high alloy steel pipe of processing temperature scope is very favourable, has improved the deformability of whole unit;
8, adopt this patent method, pipe fitting carries out the whole process of continuous rolling on the steel pipe rolling mill group, owing to adopt the dimensional accuracy of making after hollow ingot makes process become very steadily, process of centrifugal casting high, and can reduce the material consumption of cutting head cutting tail.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of this patent;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of this patent one embodiment.
The specific embodiment:
As shown in Figure 3, produce an embodiment of the unmanageable 1Cr18Ni9 austenite stainless of Φ 273 * 28 * 8000mm steel seamless steel tube for employing steel pipe rolling mill group provided by the invention, its processing step is:
The first step is cast into hollow bloom with 2130mm multiple length long Φ 402 * 94mm through centrifugal casting machine with it through the 1Cr18Ni9 of external refining molten steel.In this step, said external refining molten steel is identical with prior art, repeats no more here; Said centrifugal casting is on the rotation of casting mold and horizontal sextant angle are the horizontal centrifugal casting machine of 0 degree, to carry out, and the hollow bloom that centrifugal casting goes out is for waiting penetrating hollow bloom in two ends of wall thickness.Adopt centrifugal casting machine to process easily, in high quality and be used for the hollow bloom that subsequent step uses; And do not need similar prior art to the cogging again of continuous casting steel ingot, hot centering and perforation etc.; Not only shortened whole process flow, and really realized " zero punch " and " zero punch defective "; And through the pipe that centrifugal casting obtains, inner grainiess more helps the rolling of subsequent step, can effectively guarantee the quality of follow-up crudy and finished product pipe.As for centrifugal casting machine, obtained promotion and application at the cast iron pipe production field, can directly be used for this patent, its structure and principle are also repeated no more here.
Second step; It is 1: 4.17 " head of nipping " that the front end 250mm length outer surface of said hollow bloom is processed into tapering; The range of taper of this moment said " head of nipping " is 1: choose between 1500/D~2000/D; For the pipe of present embodiment Φ 400mm, promptly can between 1: 3.75~5, choose, present embodiment is preferably 1: 4.17; And the surfaces externally and internally of said hollow bloom and said front end " head of nipping " carried out machined and quality examination; Thickness of cutting to said hollow bloom inner surface is 5 millimeters; Thickness of cutting to said hollow bloom outer surface is 2 millimeters, obtains being of a size of the pipe of Φ 400 * 87 * 2130mm.This machining steps can be removed the coarse inner and outer surface layers of hollow bloom and the impurity of separating out, and removes other defectives such as crackle on the inner and outer surface layers, bubble, guarantees the fineness of hollow bloom surfaces externally and internally, can improve the quality of the finished product after the processing greatly.
Described quality examination comprises defect inspection; To there be mass defect and exclude outside the said process of the application through still undesirable hollow bloom after the reconditioning; Can guarantee that like this hollow bloom that the later stage is used for tandem rolling all is qualified blanks, can improve end product quality, reduce the generation of waste product.
In the 3rd step, the said hollow bloom after machined and the quality examination is heated.Add thermal recovery associating heating, promptly adopt combustion gas heating in the stove below 800 ℃, 800 ℃~1200 ℃ are adopted eddy-current heating.
The 4th step, the said hollow bloom after the heating is inserted the plug of Φ 215mm and on the steel pipe rolling mill group, carries out continuous rolling, shut out the pipe fitting that is of a size of Φ 273 * 28 * 8500mm.For this reason, first pipe mill and roll pass the ratio of width to height of second pipe mill of setting in the said steel pipe continuous rolling-tube unit are respectively 1.26 and 1.28; The deflection of first pipe mill, second pipe mill and the 3rd pipe mill is respectively 20%, 23%, 24%; The deflection of last two pipe mills is respectively 0.6% and 0.4%.On 8-9 frame pipe mill, accomplish whole continuous rolling process, the total coefficient of elongation is 4.
The 5th step, said pipe fitting is carried out sizing, cooling, make the size of finished product and tolerance meet the requirements, again through solution heat treatment, finishing, crop, back-end crop are then processed the qualified finished product tubing of Φ 273 * 28 * 8000mm at last.Said finishing comprises machined and the aligning that as required said pipe fitting is carried out, to satisfy the requirement under the different environments for use.
The present invention at first creatively adopts centrifugal casting to prepare the aforementioned production method of hollow bloom, be particularly suitable for making bore more than 250 millimeters, diameter-wall-rate is at the heavy caliber below 25, the high-end seamless high alloy steel pipe of middle heavy wall.If the bore of tubing is too small, for example below 100 millimeters, then be difficult to embody the advantage of centrifugal casting base; Wall thickness is thin excessively, and continuous rolling process high-alloy steel pipe fitting temperature drop is excessive, and resistance of deformation increases severely, and can have influence on the stability of the operation of rolling.
Detailed description of the above embodiment of the present invention and accompanying drawing, purpose are to make an explanation through literal and diagram, and do not lie in the protection domain that limits claim.Various variations on the said specific embodiment of present specification; Be conspicuous to those skilled in the art; And be in the protection domain of claim and equivalent technologies thereof any change of claim of the present invention, content that modification all belongs to the present invention's protection of not breaking away from.