CN101569924B - High-counter-pressure casting method for high-tensile and high-density aluminum silicon alloy - Google Patents
High-counter-pressure casting method for high-tensile and high-density aluminum silicon alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-counter-pressure casting method for a high-tensile and heavy aluminum silicon alloy, which relates to a counter-pressure casting method for the high-tensile and high-density aluminum silicon alloy. The invention solves the problem that the conventional counter-pressure casting technology cannot meet the requirement of producing castings with high mechanical propertiesand high density due to the limit on the density and internal quality increase of the castings. The invention has the following main steps of: regulating a counter-pressure casting machine to an oper ating bearing pressure of 3.0 MPa, preparing aluminum silicon alloy, controlling the temperature of the fusant after thinning and modification at 720 DEG C to 740 DEG C, and carrying out the liquid lifting, mold filling, pressurization, pressure maintaining and pressure relief of high-counter-pressure casting with the counter-pressure casting machine. The invention obviously eliminates internal pinholes, micro-shrinkage porosity and tiny cracks in the castings, and enhances the mechanical properties and density of the castings; because of small thermal resistance between the fusant and the mold wall, the setting rate of the castings accelerates, and the setting structure is obviously thinned, thereby further enhancing the mechanical properties of the castings. The method is especially suitable for the cast form of large-sized complex thin-wall parts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of counter-pressure casting method of high tough high-compactness alusil alloy, belong to foundry engieering and alloy preparing technical field.
Background technology
Cast Al-Si alloy not only has good casting character, anti-fatigue performance and decay resistance, and has higher comprehensive mechanical property, thereby is widely used in Aeronautics and Astronautics and the auto industry.Counter-pressure casting is as the advanced cast shaping process of producing large thin-wall element, be subjected to more concern day by day, in the counter-pressure casting process, molten metal has higher mold-filling capacity, molten metal solidifies under certain pressure simultaneously, improve the density and the mechanical property of foundry goods, can satisfy the foundry goods manufacturing of general performance requirement.
In recent years, development along with the Aero-Space cause, demand to large-scale, complicated, thin-walled, precision, high-quality high-strength aluminum alloy foundry goods improves day by day, adopt traditional counter-pressure casting technology, because the operating pressure of casting machine generally is lower than 0.8MPa, raising to casting compactness and internal soundness is limited, is difficult to satisfy the requirement of producing strong mechanical performance and high-compactness foundry goods.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to solve traditional counter-pressure casting technology limited to the raising of casting compactness and internal soundness, be difficult to satisfy the problem of the requirement of producing strong mechanical performance and high-compactness foundry goods, and then a kind of high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of high tough high-compactness alusil alloy is provided.
The step of the high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of a kind of high tough high-compactness alusil alloy of the present invention is:
Step 1: adjust the counter-pressure casting machine: the thickness that increases work on the counter-pressure casting machine jar and following work tank skin is respectively to 14mm, the low pressure gas valve of air-path control system is adjusted into High-pressure air valve, the coupling mechanism force of adjusting retaining ring makes the work of counter-pressure casting machine bear pressure to reach 3.0MPa, form the high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine;
Step 2: the preparation of alusil alloy:
A, take by weighing high tough high-compactness alusil alloy raw material: take by weighing 32.3%～43.2% quality purity by mass percentage and be 99.99wt% rafifinal, 0.4%～0.6% quality purity and be the high-purity magnesium of 99.99wt%, 54.2%～62.5% Al-12Si intermediate alloy, 0.2%～0.6% Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and 2%～4% Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy;
B, clean and dry high tough high-compactness alusil alloy raw material: be that 2% the NaOH aqueous solution carries out surface clean to Al-12Si intermediate alloy and rafifinal with mass concentration, drying then;
C, rafifinal and Al-12Si intermediate alloy are mixed in the crucible of the high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine of packing into, being heated to raw material melts fully, melt temperature is controlled at 720 ℃～730 ℃, add high-purity magnesium again, leave standstill 10min～20min, adopt the rotary blowing high-purity argon gas to carry out refining treatment, the high-purity argon gas quality purity is 99.99%, refining time is 20min～40min, adds Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy and Al-10Sr intermediate alloy then and carries out melt refinement and rotten the processing;
Step 3: high-pressure counter-pressure casting technology: the melt temperature after refinement and rotten the processing is controlled at 720 ℃～740 ℃, locking work jar after casting mold is laid and finished, high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine carry out the rising liquid, fill type of high-pressure counter-pressure casting, supercharging, pressurize and release;
The technological parameter of a, setting high-pressure counter-pressure casting: rising the liquid filling velocity is 60mm/s, and pumping rate is 100mm/s;
B, open and work on the high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine jar and the intercommunication valve between the work jar down, while high-pressure air source upwards work jar reaches the required operating pressure of high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine with following work jar feeding gases at high pressure, operating pressure is 0.8MPa～2.2MPa, work jar and following work pressure tank balance on this moment, close then the intercommunication valve make work jar and down work jar completely cut off;
C, adopt the decompression method to carry out rising liquid according to the high-pressure counter-pressure casting technological parameter of setting, fill type and supercharging, promptly discharge the work of going up jar interior gas, rise hydraulic coupling and reach 0.1MPa～0.12MPa, mold filling pressure reaches 0.1MPa～0.12MPa, melt in the following work jar crucible under action of pressure through stalk along antigravity direction filling quartz sand casting mold, continue supercharging according to the pumping rate 100mm/s that sets after filling type and finishing, when reaching 0.07MPa, the pressure differential of last work jar and following work jar carries out pressurize, dwell time is 3～5min, foundry goods all the time under 0.8MPa～2.2MPa hyperbaric environment feeding solidify, feeding is opened intercommunication valve exhaust simultaneously release after solidifying end, takes out foundry goods.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: the present invention combines the high pressure solidification technology with the counter-pressure casting technology, pressure is born in the work of counter-pressure casting machine bring up to 3.0MPa, melt is at higher pressure retrofilling casting mold, have better mold-filling capacity, be particularly suited for the casting of large-scale complex thin-wall spare; The feeding process of setting of melt is under high pressure to carry out all the time, the melt liquid phase is bigger in the mobile driving force of interdendritic feeding, can improve the micro-shrinkage porosite feeding capacity of melt, significantly eliminate the inside pin hole of foundry goods, micro-shrinkage porosite and micro-crack, improve the mechanical property and the density of foundry goods; Melt under high pressure fills type and solidifies, and pressure makes and reduces thermal resistance between melt and the type wall by melt closing-type wall, the setting rate quickening of foundry goods, and solidified structure obtains obvious refinement, has further improved the mechanical property of foundry goods.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that (wherein 1 expression rises the liquid curve to high-pressure counter-pressure casting pressure process control curve map, the type curve is filled in 2 expressions, 3 expression increasing pressure curves, 4 expression pressurize curves), Fig. 2 is the grain size design sketch of traditional counter-pressure casting freezing pressure alusil alloy when being lower than 0.8MPa, Fig. 3 is the grain size design sketch of high-pressure counter-pressure casting freezing pressure alusil alloy when being 1.5MPa, Fig. 4 is the grain size design sketch of high-pressure counter-pressure casting freezing pressure alusil alloy when being 2.2MPa, Fig. 5 is the influence curve figure of operating pressure to alusil alloy density, Fig. 6 is an operating pressure to the influence curve figure of as cast condition alusil alloy mechanical property (5 expression as cast condition alusil alloy tensile strength wherein, 6 expression as cast condition alusil alloy percentage elongation), Fig. 7 is the influence curve figure (wherein 7 represent T6 heat treatment state alusil alloy tensile strength, 8 expression T6 heat treatment state alusil alloy percentage elongation) of operating pressure to T6 heat treatment state alusil alloy mechanical property.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: the step of the high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of a kind of high tough high-compactness alusil alloy of present embodiment is:
Step 1: adjust the counter-pressure casting machine: the thickness that increases work on the counter-pressure casting machine jar and following work tank skin is respectively to 14mm, the low pressure gas valve of air-path control system is adjusted into High-pressure air valve, the coupling mechanism force of adjusting retaining ring makes the work of counter-pressure casting machine bear pressure to reach 3.0MPa, form the high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine;
Step 2: the preparation of alusil alloy:
A, take by weighing high tough high-compactness alusil alloy raw material: take by weighing 32.3%～43.2% quality purity by mass percentage and be 99.99wt% rafifinal, 0.4%～0.6% quality purity and be the high-purity magnesium of 99.99wt%, 54.2%～62.5% Al-12Si intermediate alloy, 0.2%～0.6% Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and 2%～4% Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy;
B, clean and dry high tough high-compactness alusil alloy raw material: be that 2% the NaOH aqueous solution carries out surface clean to Al-12Si intermediate alloy and rafifinal with mass concentration, drying then;
C, rafifinal and Al-12Si intermediate alloy are mixed in the crucible of the high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine of packing into, being heated to raw material melts fully, melt temperature is controlled at 720 ℃～730 ℃, add high-purity magnesium again, leave standstill 10min～20min, adopt the rotary blowing high-purity argon gas to carry out refining treatment, the high-purity argon gas quality purity is 99.99%, refining time is 20min～40min, adds Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy and Al-10Sr intermediate alloy then and carries out melt refinement and rotten the processing;
Step 3: high-pressure counter-pressure casting technology: the melt temperature after refinement and rotten the processing is controlled at 720 ℃～740 ℃, locking work jar after casting mold is laid and finished, high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine carry out the rising liquid, fill type of high-pressure counter-pressure casting, supercharging, pressurize and release;
The technological parameter of a, setting high-pressure counter-pressure casting: rising the liquid filling velocity is 60mm/s, and pumping rate is 100mm/s;
B, open and work on the high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine jar and the intercommunication valve between the work jar down, while high-pressure air source upwards work jar reaches the required operating pressure of high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine with following work jar feeding gases at high pressure, operating pressure is 0.8MPa～2.2MPa, work jar and following work pressure tank balance on this moment, close then the intercommunication valve make work jar and down work jar completely cut off;
C, adopt the decompression method to carry out rising liquid according to the high-pressure counter-pressure casting technological parameter of setting, fill type and supercharging, promptly discharge the work of going up jar interior gas, rise hydraulic coupling and reach 0.1MPa～0.12MPa, mold filling pressure reaches 0.1MPa～0.12MPa, melt in the following work jar crucible under action of pressure through stalk along antigravity direction filling quartz sand casting mold, continue supercharging according to the pumping rate 100mm/s that sets after filling type and finishing, when reaching 0.07MPa, the pressure differential of last work jar and following work jar carries out pressurize, dwell time is 3～5min, foundry goods all the time under 0.8MPa～2.2MPa hyperbaric environment feeding solidify, feeding is opened intercommunication valve exhaust simultaneously release after solidifying end, takes out foundry goods.
The high-pressure counter-pressure casting of present embodiment mainly comprises work jar, following work jar, median septum, retaining ring, air-path control system, industrial computer control system, melting furnace, crucible, stalk and high-pressure air source, wherein casting mold and crucible place upward the work jar and the jar of working down of casting machine respectively, and the last work jar and the jar of working are down sealed isolated by median septum.Present embodiment is applied to the high pressure solidification technology in the counter-pressure casting process, and alusil alloy solidifies under condition of high voltage, has improved the internal soundness and the mechanical property of foundry goods, further reduces the crystallite dimension of alloy, and thinning microstructure is as Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4; Freezing pressure increases, and the feeding speed and the feeding capacity of foundry goods are strong more, and the density of alusil alloy further increases, and density improves, as shown in Figure 5.
The specific embodiment two: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that to take by weighing 35.3% quality purity by mass ratio among a of step 2 be that 99.99wt% rafifinal, 0.6% quality purity are the high-purity magnesium of 99.99wt%, 60.6% Al-12Si intermediate alloy, 0.5% Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and 3% Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy.Depress the alusil alloy that obtains in High Pressure Difference in the present embodiment, compare with common counter-pressure casting, the crystallite dimension of alloy further reduces, and the density of alusil alloy further increases, and density improves, and the mechanical property of foundry goods improves.Other step and parameter are identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that to take by weighing 38.5% quality purity by mass ratio among a of step 2 be that 99.99wt% rafifinal, 0.5% quality purity are the high-purity magnesium of 99.99wt%, 57.6% Al-12Si intermediate alloy, 0.4% Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and 3% Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy.Depress the alusil alloy that obtains in High Pressure Difference in the present embodiment, compare with common counter-pressure casting, the crystallite dimension of alloy further reduces, and the density of alusil alloy further increases, and density improves, and the mechanical property of foundry goods improves.Other step and parameter are identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment four: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that to take by weighing 40.6% quality purity by mass ratio among a of step 2 be that 99.99wt% rafifinal, 0.5% quality purity are the high-purity magnesium of 99.99wt%, 55.6% Al-12Si intermediate alloy, 0.3% Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and 3% Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy.Depress the alusil alloy that obtains in High Pressure Difference in the present embodiment, compare with common counter-pressure casting, the crystallite dimension of alloy further reduces, and the density of alusil alloy further increases, and density improves, and the mechanical property of foundry goods improves.Other step and parameter are identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment five: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that to take by weighing 43.2% quality purity by mass ratio among a of step 2 be that 99.99wt% rafifinal, 0.4% quality purity are the high-purity magnesium of 99.99wt%, 54.2% Al-12Si intermediate alloy, 0.2% Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and 2% Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy.Depress the alusil alloy that obtains in High Pressure Difference in the present embodiment, compare with common counter-pressure casting, the crystallite dimension of alloy further reduces, and the density of alusil alloy further increases, and density improves, and the mechanical property of foundry goods improves.Other step and parameter are identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment six: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one, two, three, four or five are different is among the c of step 2 melt temperature to be controlled at 725 ℃.Depress the alusil alloy that obtains in High Pressure Difference in the present embodiment, compare with common counter-pressure casting, the crystallite dimension of alloy further reduces, and the density of alusil alloy further increases, and density improves, and the mechanical property of foundry goods improves.Other step and parameter are identical with the specific embodiment one, two, three, four or five.
The specific embodiment seven: present embodiment and the specific embodiment six are different is that time of repose among the c of step 2 is 15min.Depress the alusil alloy that obtains in High Pressure Difference in the present embodiment, compare with common counter-pressure casting, the crystallite dimension of alloy further reduces, and the density of alusil alloy further increases, and density improves, and the mechanical property of foundry goods improves.Other step and parameter are identical with the specific embodiment six.
The specific embodiment eight: present embodiment and the specific embodiment seven are different is that refining time among the c of step 2 is 30min.Depress the alusil alloy that obtains in High Pressure Difference in the present embodiment, compare with common counter-pressure casting, the crystallite dimension of alloy further reduces, and the density of alusil alloy further increases, and density improves, and the mechanical property of foundry goods improves.Other step and parameter are identical with the specific embodiment seven
The specific embodiment nine: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that operating pressure among the b of step 3 is 1.5MPa, the foundry goods among the c of step 3 all the time under the 1.5MPa hyperbaric environment feeding solidify.The performance of high-pressure counter-pressure casting alusil alloy is significantly improved, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, adopt traditional counter-pressure casting technology, the tensile strength of as cast condition alusil alloy and percentage elongation are respectively 151MPa and 2.3%, after T6 heat treatment, the tensile strength of alusil alloy and percentage elongation are respectively 293MPa and 3.2%; Utilize high-pressure counter-pressure casting technology, when operating pressure was 1.5MPa, the tensile strength of as cast condition alusil alloy and percentage elongation reached 155MPa and 2.7%, and after T6 heat treatment, the tensile strength of alusil alloy and percentage elongation reach 315MPa and 4%.Other step and parameter are identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment ten: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that operating pressure among the b of step 3 is 2.2MPa, the foundry goods among the c of step 3 all the time under the 2.2MPa hyperbaric environment feeding solidify.The performance of high-pressure counter-pressure casting alusil alloy is significantly improved, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, adopt traditional counter-pressure casting technology, the tensile strength of as cast condition alusil alloy and percentage elongation are respectively 151MPa and 2.3%, after T6 heat treatment, the tensile strength of alusil alloy and percentage elongation are respectively 293MPa and 3.2%; Utilize high-pressure counter-pressure casting technology, when operating pressure was 2.2MPa, the tensile strength of as cast condition alusil alloy and percentage elongation reached 166MPa and 3.5%, and after T6 heat treatment, the tensile strength of alusil alloy and percentage elongation reach 340MPa and 5.2%.Other step and parameter are identical with the specific embodiment one.
Claims (10)
1. the high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of a high tough high-compactness alusil alloy, it is characterized in that: the step of high-pressure counter-pressure casting method is:
Step 1: adjust the counter-pressure casting machine: the thickness that increases work on the counter-pressure casting machine jar and following work tank skin is respectively to 14mm, the low pressure gas valve of air-path control system is adjusted into High-pressure air valve, the coupling mechanism force of adjusting retaining ring makes the work of counter-pressure casting machine bear pressure to reach 3.0MPa, form the high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine;
Step 2: the preparation of alusil alloy:
A, take by weighing high tough high-compactness alusil alloy raw material: take by weighing 32.3%～43.2% quality purity by mass percentage and be 99.99wt% rafifinal, 0.4%～0.6% quality purity and be the high-purity magnesium of 99.99wt%, 54.2%～62.5% Al-12Si intermediate alloy, 0.2%～0.6% Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and 2%～4% Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy;
B, clean and dry high tough high-compactness alusil alloy raw material: be that 2% the NaOH aqueous solution carries out surface clean to Al-12Si intermediate alloy and rafifinal with mass concentration, drying then;
C, rafifinal and Al-12Si intermediate alloy are mixed in the crucible of the high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine of packing into, being heated to raw material melts fully, melt temperature is controlled at 720 ℃～730 ℃, add high-purity magnesium again, leave standstill 10min～20min, adopt the rotary blowing high-purity argon gas to carry out refining treatment, the high-purity argon gas quality purity is 99.99%, refining time is 20min～40min, adds Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy and Al-10Sr intermediate alloy then and carries out melt refinement and rotten the processing;
Step 3: high-pressure counter-pressure casting technology: the melt temperature after refinement and rotten the processing is controlled at 720 ℃～740 ℃, locking work jar after casting mold is laid and finished, high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine carry out the rising liquid, fill type of high-pressure counter-pressure casting, supercharging, pressurize and release;
The technological parameter of a, setting high-pressure counter-pressure casting: rising the liquid filling velocity is 60mm/s, and pumping rate is 100mm/s;
B, open and work on the high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine jar and the intercommunication valve between the work jar down, while high-pressure air source upwards work jar reaches the required operating pressure of high-pressure counter-pressure casting machine with following work jar feeding gases at high pressure, operating pressure is 0.8MPa～2.2MPa, work jar and following work pressure tank balance on this moment, close then the intercommunication valve make work jar and down work jar completely cut off;
C, adopt the decompression method to carry out rising liquid according to the high-pressure counter-pressure casting technological parameter of setting, fill type and supercharging, promptly discharge the work of going up jar interior gas, rise hydraulic coupling and reach 0.1MPa～0.12MPa, mold filling pressure reaches 0.1MPa～0.12MPa, melt in the following work jar crucible under action of pressure through stalk along antigravity direction filling quartz sand casting mold, continue supercharging according to the pumping rate 100mm/s that sets after filling type and finishing, when reaching 0.07MPa, the pressure differential of last work jar and following work jar carries out pressurize, dwell time is 3～5min, foundry goods all the time under 0.8MPa～2.2MPa hyperbaric environment feeding solidify, feeding is opened intercommunication valve exhaust simultaneously release after solidifying end, takes out foundry goods.
2. according to the high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of the described a kind of high tough high-compactness alusil alloy of claim 1, it is characterized in that: taking by weighing 35.3% quality purity by mass ratio among a of step 2 is that 99.99wt% rafifinal, 0.6% quality purity are the high-purity magnesium of 99.99wt%, 60.6% Al-12Si intermediate alloy, 0.5% Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and 3% Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy.
3. according to the high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of the described a kind of high tough high-compactness alusil alloy of claim 1, it is characterized in that: taking by weighing 38.5% quality purity by mass ratio among a of step 2 is that 99.99wt% rafifinal, 0.5% quality purity are the high-purity magnesium of 99.99wt%, 57.6% Al-12Si intermediate alloy, 0.4% Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and 3% Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy.
4. according to the high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of the described a kind of high tough high-compactness alusil alloy of claim 1, it is characterized in that: taking by weighing 40.6% quality purity by mass ratio among a of step 2 is that 99.99wt% rafifinal, 0.5% quality purity are the high-purity magnesium of 99.99wt%, 55.6% Al-12Si intermediate alloy, 0.3% Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and 3% Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy.
5. according to the high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of the described a kind of high tough high-compactness alusil alloy of claim 1, it is characterized in that: taking by weighing 43.2% quality purity by mass ratio among a of step 2 is that 99.99wt% rafifinal, 0.4% quality purity are the high-purity magnesium of 99.99wt%, 54.2% Al-12Si intermediate alloy, 0.2% Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and 2% Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy.
6. according to the high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of claim 1,2,3,4 or 5 described a kind of high tough high-compactness alusil alloys, it is characterized in that: among the c of step 2 melt temperature is controlled at 725 ℃.
7. according to the high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of the described a kind of high tough high-compactness alusil alloy of claim 6, it is characterized in that: the time of repose among the c of step 2 is 15min.
8. according to the high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of the described a kind of high tough high-compactness alusil alloy of claim 7, it is characterized in that: the refining time among the c of step 2 is 30min.
9. according to the high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of the described a kind of high tough high-compactness alusil alloy of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the operating pressure among the b of step 3 is 1.5MPa, the foundry goods among the c of step 3 all the time under the 1.5MPa hyperbaric environment feeding solidify.
10. according to the high-pressure counter-pressure casting method of the described a kind of high tough high-compactness alusil alloy of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the operating pressure among the b of step 3 is 2.2MPa, the foundry goods among the c of step 3 all the time under the 2.2MPa hyperbaric environment feeding solidify.
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