CN101559377B - Supported catalyst for eliminating formaldehyde, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Supported catalyst for eliminating formaldehyde, preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101559377B
CN101559377B CN200910098633XA CN200910098633A CN101559377B CN 101559377 B CN101559377 B CN 101559377B CN 200910098633X A CN200910098633X A CN 200910098633XA CN 200910098633 A CN200910098633 A CN 200910098633A CN 101559377 B CN101559377 B CN 101559377B
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catalyst
formaldehyde
solution
inert carrier
noble metal
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CN101559377A (en
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鲁继青
李洪芳
罗孟飞
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Chengde resident for indoor environment management Co. Ltd.
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Zhejiang Normal University CJNU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a supported catalyst for eliminating formaldehyde, a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst comprises an inert carrier, oxide of A and noble metal M, and is characterized in that the inert carrier is gamma-Al2O3 or mesoporous Al2O3 or a pure silicon mesoporous material, the noble metal M is Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd or Au, the A is Ce, Co, Zn, Fe or Ti, wherein the molar ratio of the A to Al or the A to Si is 1:5-25; and the catalyst contains 0.2 to 5 mass percent of noble metal M. The catalyst is prepared by the following steps that: a compound of the A is impregnated onto the inert carrier and then is roasted to obtain an inert carrier supported with the oxide of the A, and then the inert carrier supported with the oxide of the A is supported with noble metal components. The catalyst can maintain higher activity and stability to the formaldehyde at low temperature, and can perform catalytic oxidation on the formaldehyde without other additional devices to transform the formaldehyde into harmless H2O and CO2 further to realize the green elimination of the formaldehyde.

Description

A kind of loaded catalyst of eliminating formaldehyde and its production and use
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of loaded catalyst that is used for catalytic oxidation and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of loaded catalyst and preparation method and purposes of eliminating formaldehyde.
Background technology
Along with various building and ornament materials are widely used, interior decoration and furniture manufacturing will be used a large amount of artificial boards, and need in its manufacture process to use the high formaldehyde of toxicity to be raw material in a large number.Formaldehyde is a kind of colourless gas of irritating property strongly, discharge the time limit and reach the several years, be defined as carcinogenic and teratogenesis shape material by the World Health Organization, it discharges pollution, can cause eyes to shed tears, cornea, conjunctival congestion inflammation, allergic, nasopharynx discomfort, cough, respiratory diseases such as acute/chronic bronchitis also can cause nauseating, vomiting, functions of intestines and stomach disorder.Also can cause persistence headache, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, forfeiture appetite even cause death when serious.According to state compulsory standard, after closing the doors and windows 1 hour, in indoor every cubic metres of air, burst size of methanal must not be greater than 0.08mg; As reaching 0.1～2.0mg, 50% normal person can smell foul smell; Reach 2.0～5.0mg, eyes, tracheae will be subjected to intense stimulus, occur sneezing, symptom such as cough; Reach more than the 10mg expiratory dyspnea; Reach more than the 50mg, can cause critical illness such as pneumonia, even cause death.At present, it is adsorbent that the various air purifiers that are used to eliminate formaldehyde mainly adopt active carbon, and this kind method is comparatively simple, but purification cycle is long, and active carbon needs periodic replacement.And the comparatively desirable formaldehyde removing method of generally acknowledging be adopt the catalytic oxidation technology make formaldehyde at low temperatures oxidation Decomposition be harmless H 2O and CO 2, this method is efficient, environmental protection, can fundamentally eliminate formaldehyde and pollute.As having reported that in patent CN1698932A the employing porous ceramics is a carrier, with the rare earth oxide is coating, the catalyst of a spot of noble metal composition of load can realize that low concentration formaldehyde (0.4ppm) 100% transforms again, does not eliminate but this catalyst is suitable for the high-concentration formaldehyde catalytic oxidation.In addition, this catalyst serviceability temperature higher (80～100 ℃) needs additional external heating condition, uses comparatively inconvenience.And in patent ZL98115808.0, reported employing TiO 2The nano solid supper corrosive acid photochemical catalyst that is prepared into is eliminated in order to realize formaldehyde, but this law technology requires height, needs specific excitation source, is unfavorable for applying.In addition, the nano-photocatalyst complicated process of preparation, feasible degree is lower.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at existing be used for formaldehyde eliminate the catalyst serviceability temperature higher, need weak point such as particular excitation light source, provide a kind of high activity, serviceability temperature low be used for catalyst and preparation method and the purposes that formaldehyde is eliminated.This catalyst can need not under the condition of other attachment devices formaldehyde through catalytic oxidation to be changed into harmless H 2O and CO 2, and then the green of realization formaldehyde is eliminated.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of loaded catalyst of eliminating formaldehyde, this catalyst comprise oxide and the noble metal M of inert carrier, A, it is characterized in that: described inert carrier is γ-Al 2O 3Or mesoporous Al 2O 3Or the pure silicon mesoporous material, noble metal M is selected from a kind of among Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd, the Au, and A is selected from Ce, Co, Zn, Fe, a kind of among the Ti, wherein the mol ratio of A and Al or A and Si is 1: 5～25, the mass percent of noble metal M is 0.2%～5% in the catalyst.The compound of A is impregnated on the inert carrier, obtains carrier after drying, the roasting, the carried noble metal composition makes this catalyst on carrier then.
The preparation method that above-mentioned catalyst is concrete comprises the steps:
(1) adopts γ-Al 2O 3Or mesoporous Al 2O 3Or a kind of as inert carrier in the pure silicon mesoporous material, take by weighing compound and the inert carrier of a certain amount of A in proportion, the compound solubilizer dissolving back of A is added inert carrier and flooded 6～24 hours; Described is that above-mentioned A and the mol ratio of Al or A and Si are 1: 5～25 in proportion,
Described pure silicon mesoporous material is a silica gel, MCM-41, SBA-15; MCM-41 is a kind of novel nano structural material, have that the duct is that six sides arrange in order, size evenly, the aperture can be at 2-20nm, characteristics such as regulates, specific area is big in the scope continuously; SBA-15 is six side's phases on high order degree plane, and hole dimension can be from 4.6-30nm; These two kinds of materials all are commercially available.The compound of described A is Ce, Co, Zn, Fe, a kind of in the compound of Ti; And be selected from a kind of in halide, nitrate or the solubility acylate etc., described solvent is H 2A kind of in O, methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, the isopropyl alcohol; The addition of solvent can be dissolved the compound of A fully;
(2) with (1) 60～180 ℃ of down oven dry, obtain being loaded with the inert carrier of the oxide of A through 300～800 ℃ of roasting 4～12h.
(3) a kind of in chloride solution, nitrate solution or the water-soluble organic coordination compound solution of preparation noble metal M is heated to 50～80 ℃ of temperature;
(4) constant temperature stirs down, with pH value to 5～9 of precipitating reagent regulating step (2) gained solution; Described precipitating reagent is selected from a kind of in urea, ammoniacal liquor, sodium carbonate, NaOH, the potassium hydroxide.
(5) in proportion, in the solution that (3) obtain, add the inert carrier that (2) obtain being loaded with the oxide of A, stir 1～3h; Described is 0.2%～5% by the mass percent of noble metal M in the above-mentioned catalyst promptly in proportion, is converted into chloride solution, nitrate solution or the water-soluble organic coordination compound solution of noble metal M and contains the addition of the inert carrier of coating.
(6) cooling of (5) solution is obtained sediment, washing precipitate 3～5 times;
(7) sediment that obtains in (6) is dried down at 60～180 ℃,, obtain finished product through 200～600 ℃ of roasting 4～12h.
The application of catalyst of the present invention in formaldehyde is eliminated is reflected at fixed bed and carries out, and formaldehyde gas is to produce by heating paraformaldehyde solid, and the control concentration of formaldehyde is 500ppm.Catalyst amount is 100mg, the quartz sand dilution, and reaction condition is: N 2/ O 2=4/1, the volume ratio total flow is 100ml/min, air speed 35400h -1, under 40～100 ℃ of reaction temperatures, it is that 500ppm formaldehyde conversion ratio reaches more than 90% that this catalyst of 50mg can make concentration.
The present invention has adopted and supported active component on inert carrier, the specific area that it is characterized in that inert carrier is bigger, can improve Ce, Co, Zn, the Fe decentralization on carrier, thereby improve the decentralization of metal on carrier, this makes this catalyst can keep the higher activity of PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95) and stable at low temperatures, compared with prior art, following advantage is arranged:
(1) catalyst of the present invention is easy to use, can eliminate formaldehyde under cryogenic conditions.
(2) catalyst of the present invention is environmentally friendly catalyst, and product is harmless carbon dioxide and water.
(3) catalyst of the present invention transforms the efficient height of formaldehyde at low temperatures, and catalyst amount is few, and stability is high.
(4) this Preparation of catalysts method is simple, and cost is low, and feasible degree is high.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is made further and to specify, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing 0.0098mol Ce (NO 3) 36H 2O and 0.049mol γ-Al 2O 3With Ce (NO 3) 36H 2After O adds deionized water dissolving, join γ-Al 2O 3In, dipping 6h, 60 ℃ of dryings.With the 300 ℃ of roasting 4h of solid that obtain.Promptly obtain CeO 2/ Al 2O 3Carrier.
Get 5mg/mlHAuCl 44H 2O solution 40ml adds deionized water and is diluted to 100ml, is heated to 50 ℃, and constant temperature stirs down, dropwise adds NaOH solution in solution, regulates pH=5.0.In solution, add above-mentioned carrier 1.82g then, stir 1h.Cooling spends deionised water 5 times, and uses AgNO 3The solution check is to wherein there not being precipitation (no Cl -).With the 60 ℃ of dryings of solid that obtain, 200 ℃ of roasting 12h.With the solid forming after the roasting.Promptly obtain Au/CeO 2/ Al 2O 3Catalyst.
Embodiment 2
Take by weighing 0.00336mol Co (NO 3) 26H 2O and 0.084mol silica gel dissolve Co (NO with ethanol 3) 26H 2O.Above-mentioned solution is joined in the silica gel dipping 24h, 120 ℃ of dryings.With the 800 ℃ of roasting 4h of solid that obtain.Promptly obtain CoO x/ SiO 2Carrier.
Get 2mg/ml HAuCl 44H 2O solution 4ml adds deionized water and is diluted to 100ml, is heated to 80 ℃, and constant temperature stirs, and dropwise adds urea liquid in solution, regulates pH=6.68, adds above-mentioned carrier 1.91g then in solution, stirs 3h.Cooling spends deionised water 3 times, and uses AgNO 3The solution check does not have precipitation (no Cl -).With the 120 ℃ of dryings of solid that obtain, 600 ℃ of roasting 4h.With the solid forming after the roasting.Promptly get Au/CoO x/ SiO 2Catalyst.CoO xBe meant that the valence state of Co is uncertain in the catalyst.
Embodiment 3
Take by weighing 0.0084mol Zn (NO 3) 26H 2O and 0.084mol MCM-41 are with acetone solution Zn (NO 3) 26H 2O.Above-mentioned solution is joined among the MCM-41 dipping 10h, 180 ℃ of dryings.With the 300 ℃ of roasting 12h of solid that obtain.Promptly obtain ZnO/SiO 2Carrier.
Get the HAuCl of 2mg/ml 44H 2O solution 10ml, thin up are heated to 70 ℃ to 100ml, and constant temperature stirs, and dropwise adds KOH solution in solution, regulate pH=9.0.In solution, add above-mentioned carrier 1.90g then, stir 2h.Cooling spends deionised water 4 times, and uses AgNO 3The solution check does not have precipitation (no chlorion).180 ℃ of dryings then are with the 300 ℃ of roasting 4h of solid that obtain.With the solid forming after the roasting.Promptly get Au/ZnO/SiO of the present invention 2Catalyst.
Embodiment 4
Take by weighing 0.0042mol Fe (NO 3) 49H 2O and 0.084mol SBA-15 add deionized water dissolving Fe (NO 3) 49H 2O.Above-mentioned solution is joined in the silica gel dipping 12h, 80 ℃ of dryings.With the 500 ℃ of roasting 6h of solid that obtain.Promptly obtain FeOx/SiO 2Carrier.
Get H 2PdCl 4Solution 2.3ml, the content of Pd is 8.85mg/ml in the solution, adds deionized water and is diluted to 100ml, is heated to 70 ℃, constant temperature stirs down, dropwise adds KOH solution in solution, regulates pH=9.0.In solution, add above-mentioned carrier 2.0g then, stir 1h.Cooling spends deionised water 4 times, and uses AgNO 3The solution check does not have precipitation (no chlorion).With the 80 ℃ of dryings of solid that obtain, 400 ℃ of roasting 6h then.With the solid forming after the roasting.Promptly get Pd/FeOx/SiO of the present invention 2Catalyst.FeOx is meant that the valence state of Fe is uncertain in the catalyst.
Embodiment 5
Take by weighing 0.005mol C 16H 36O 4Ti and 0.0833mol silica gel.Dissolve C with isopropyl alcohol 16H 36O 4Behind the Ti, solution is joined in the silica gel dipping 10h, 120 ℃ of dryings.With the 400 ℃ of roasting 6h of solid that obtain.Promptly obtain TiO 2/ SiO 2Carrier.
Get H 2PtCl 66H 2O solution 8ml, the content of Pt is that 3.7mg/ml adds deionized water and is diluted to 100ml in the solution, is heated to 70 ℃, constant temperature stirs down, dropwise adds Na in solution 2CO 3Solution is regulated pH=7.02.Add above-mentioned carrier 1.94g to solution then, stir 2h.Cooling spends deionised water 4 times, and uses AgNO 3The solution check does not have precipitation (no Cl -).With the 60 ℃ of dryings of solid that obtain, 500 ℃ of roasting 4h then.With the solid forming after the roasting.Promptly get Pt/TiO of the present invention 2/ SiO 2Catalyst.
Embodiment 6
Take by weighing 0.005mol Ce (NO 3) 36H 2O and 0.0833mol silica gel add deionized water dissolving.Above-mentioned solution is joined in the silica gel dipping 24h, 60 ℃ of dryings.With the 500 ℃ of roasting 4h of solid that obtain.Promptly obtain CeO 2/ SiO 2Carrier.
Get 5mg/ml HAuCl 44H 2O solution 16ml adds deionized water and is diluted to 100ml, is heated to 70 ℃, and constant temperature stirs, and dropwise adds sal volatile in solution, regulates pH=6.9.In solution, add above-mentioned carrier 1.87g then, stir 2h.Cooling is washed 4 times, and is used AgNO 3The solution check does not have precipitation (no chlorion).60 ℃ of dryings then are with the 300 ℃ of roasting 4h of solid that obtain.With the solid forming after the roasting.Promptly get Au/CeO of the present invention 2/ SiO 2Catalyst.
Comparative Examples
Get 5mg/mlHAuCl 44H 2O solution 16ml adds deionized water and is diluted to 100ml, is heated to 70 ℃, and constant temperature stirs, and dropwise adds sal volatile in solution, regulates pH=6.9.Add 1.9g SiO to solution then 2, stir 2h.Cooling is washed 4 times, and is used AgNO 3The solution check does not have precipitation (no chlorion).60 ℃ of dryings then are with the 300 ℃ of roasting 4h of solid that obtain.With the solid forming after the roasting.Promptly get the catalyst of Comparative Examples.
Application examples
The oxidation of formaldehyde evaluation response of catalyst carries out at fixed bed, and formaldehyde gas is to produce by heating paraformaldehyde solid, and the control concentration of formaldehyde is 500ppm.Take by weighing catalyst 50mg, the quartz sand dilution.Reaction condition is: N 2/ O 2=4/1, the volume ratio total flow is 100ml/min, air speed 35400h -1
The catalyst that catalyst that embodiment 1～6 is prepared and Comparative Examples make is applied to oxidation of formaldehyde, and the conversion ratio of its PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95) sees Table 1
Table 1: formaldehyde through catalytic oxidation activity data on the various catalyst
Title Reaction temperature (℃) Formaldehyde conversion ratio (%)
Embodiment 1 40 87.2
Embodiment 2 60 85.3
Embodiment 3 60 80.1
Embodiment 4 60 65.1
Embodiment 5 40 80.4
Embodiment 6 100 91.5
Comparative Examples 150 6.25

Claims (3)

1. the loaded catalyst application process in eliminating formaldehyde, it is characterized in that: this catalyst comprises oxide and the noble metal M of inert carrier, A, and described inert carrier is γ-Al 2O 3Or mesoporous Al 2O 3Or the pure silicon mesoporous material, noble metal M is selected from a kind of among Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd, the Au, and A is selected from Ce, Co, Zn, Fe, a kind of among the Ti, wherein the mol ratio of A and Al or A and Si is 1: 5～25, the mass percent of noble metal M is 0.2%～5% in the catalyst.
2. the application process of loaded catalyst according to claim 1 in eliminating formaldehyde, it is characterized in that: described pure silicon mesoporous material is silica gel or MCM-41 or SBA-15.
3. the application process of loaded catalyst according to claim 1 and 2 in eliminating formaldehyde, it is characterized in that: its process conditions comprise: N 2/ O 2=4/1, the volume ratio total flow is 100ml/min, air speed 35400h -1, reaction temperature is 40～100 ℃.
CN200910098633XA 2009-05-21 2009-05-21 Supported catalyst for eliminating formaldehyde, preparation method and application thereof Expired - Fee Related CN101559377B (en)

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