A kind of separation magnetic circuit permanent magnetic mechanism contactor and control unit thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the low-voltage electrical apparatus design field, relate to a kind of permanent magnet contactor, particularly a kind of separation magnetic circuit permanent magnetic mechanism contactor and control unit thereof belong to the technical field that contactor is made.
Background technology
Plurality of advantages such as contactor is the low-voltage electrical apparatus that uses on a large scale in the industrial civilian equipment for power transmission and distribution, and than electromagnetic contactor, that permanent magnet contactor has is energy-conservation, noise reduction and dynamic characteristic are better are subjected to the extensive concern of domestic and international correlative study mechanism
[1-2]At present, the research of permanent magnet contactor mainly concentrates on permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism and control method.Existing permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism can be divided into Monostable permanent magnetism operating mechanism and bi-stable permanent magnetism operating mechanism, also can be divided into series circuit
[3]And parallel circuits
[4]Two kinds of forms, the mechanism of the above-mentioned type all has certain effect on the target of energy-conservation and the traditional contactless contactor function of realization.
The control method of monostable permanent magnet contactor is mainly capacitance energy storage type
[5] [6], comprise coil series capacitance formula
[5]With the coils from parallel connection of coils condenser type
[6]Two kinds.Wherein, coil series capacitance formula is utilized the impulse electricity pulse of electric capacity self, easier realization closing pulse electric current and separating brake pulse current.But because the closing pulse current limited is in the capacity of series capacitance, for the permanent magnet contactor of big current class, the dynamic/static contact spacing is longer, again because restrictions such as electric capacity volume, costs, series capacitance finite capacity, closing pulse electric current often can not guarantee the stable combined floodgate of permanent magnet contactor.On the other hand, because the energy storage effect of energy-stored spring, the electric energy that the electric energy that monostable permanent magnet contactor separating brake needs needs when closing a floodgate is not even consider electric capacity volume and cost, improve capacitance, during reliable the combined floodgate, the electric energy of capacitance stores surpasses the electric energy of separating brake actual needs, causes the waste of resource, simultaneously, excessive separating brake power makes motion and shell that violent collision, the life-span of seriously reducing contactor take place.
Below be the representative list of references that the inventor lists:
[1]. flourish life wise man, Lou Jianyong, Wang Xiaohua. permanent magnetism type contactor moving contact operating characteristics simulation analysis and experimental study [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005,25 (01): 109-113.
[2].SUZUKI?K.Polar?electromagnet?for?operation?electro-magnet?comprisespermanent?magnet?and?inner?yoke?arranged?at?end?face?of?collar?unit?in?piles?withrespect?to?bobbin?of?exciting?coil[P].JP2007059460-A.
[3]. Lin Heyun, Fang Shuhua. the control device of permanent magnet contactor [P]. patent of invention, the patent No.: ZL200510040937.2.
[4]. flourish life wise man, Liu Yiying, Lou Jianyong etc. a kind of permanent magnet mechanism contactor [P] with parallel circuits. Chinese patent, the patent No.: ZL 200610104936.4.
[5]. Lin Heyun, gold is flat, Fang Shuhua etc. have the bistable permanent magnetic A.C. contactor [P] of fast charging and discharging control characteristic. Chinese patent, application number: ZL 200820033657.8.
[6]. polarized rare-earth permanent-magnet contactor and pulsed operation standard electrical apparatus control system [P] thereof. Chinese patent, the patent No.: 91111785.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of separation magnetic circuit permanent magnetic mechanism contactor and control unit thereof, the permanent magnet mechanism that magnetic circuit separates makes permanent magnetic circuit separate with electromagnetic circuit, is independent of each other.Another object of the present invention is to solve the big and little contradiction of separating brake pulse current of monostable permanent magnet contactor requirement closing pulse electric current, solves the problem of the permanent magnet contactor combined floodgate ability that strengthens big current class, long contact travel simultaneously.
Technical scheme: the present invention improves the operating mechanism of permanent magnet contactor, uses a kind of permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism that separates magnetic circuit, and electromagnetic circuit separates with the low magnetic conduction dividing plate of permanent magnetic circuit utilization, is independent of each other.During combined floodgate, the closing coil energising, permanent magnetic circuit and electromagnetic circuit acting in conjunction realize closing a floodgate; During separating brake, electromagnetic repulsion force appears in the switching winding energising in the permanent magnetic circuit, with the reaction spring acting in conjunction of monostable contactor, realizes separating brake.
Separation magnetic circuit permanent magnetic mechanism contactor of the present invention comprises the moving low magnetic conduction dividing plate unshakable in one's determination unshakable in one's determination, moving of electromagnetic circuit, the moving iron core of permanent magnetic circuit, permanent magnet, switching winding, closing coil, permanent magnetic circuit fixed core, low magnetic conduction dividing plate of fixed core and electromagnetic circuit fixed core; Permanent magnetic circuit is made of the moving iron core of permanent magnetic circuit, permanent magnet and permanent magnetic circuit fixed core; Electromagnetic circuit is made of moving iron core of electromagnetic circuit and electromagnetic circuit fixed core; Permanent magnetic circuit is between moving iron core of electromagnetic circuit and electromagnetic circuit fixed core, and permanent magnetic circuit separates with the low magnetic conduction dividing plate of fixed core by moving low magnetic conduction dividing plate unshakable in one's determination fully with electromagnetic circuit, and closing coil is wound in electromagnetic circuit, and switching winding is wound in permanent magnetic circuit.
Permanent magnetic circuit moves iron core, permanent magnetic circuit fixed core, the moving iron core of electromagnetic circuit and electromagnetic circuit fixed core and is permeability magnetic material, and moving low magnetic conduction dividing plate unshakable in one's determination and the low magnetic conduction dividing plate of fixed core constitute for low permeability magnetic materials such as low permeability magnetic material metal or plastic spacers.
Power module in this control unit, combined floodgate module closing coil, energy-storage module, separating brake module, switching winding are connected in series in proper order, the output of power module also connects the input of capacitance voltage monitoring module, second input of the output termination energy-storage module of capacitance voltage monitoring module, second output of closing coil engages the lock input of conduction module in short-term.
In the capacitance voltage monitoring module of this control device, after first diode, the 3rd resistance, the 4th resistance are connected in series in proper order, be connected in parallel on two outputs of power module, the link of the 3rd resistance, the 4th resistance is the output of capacitance voltage monitoring module, and the input that connects energy-storage module is the positive pole of the 3rd electric capacity.
The input of the separating brake module of this control device is by the 5th diode, the 5th piezo-resistance, after the 4th electric capacity is connected in series in proper order, be connected in parallel on the output of power supply ground and closing coil, one end of the 9th resistance is connected the tie point place of the 5th piezo-resistance and the 4th electric capacity, the other end of the 9th resistance is connected the base stage of the first transistor, the grounded emitter of the first transistor, the collector electrode of the first transistor connects the silicon controlled control utmost point, after controllable silicon and switching winding are connected in series, be connected in parallel on the output of power supply ground and closing coil, the 6th piezo-resistance, after the series connection of the 11 resistance, be connected in parallel on the two ends of switching winding.
The combined floodgate of this control device is in short-term in the conduction module, after the 6th diode, the 7th piezo-resistance, the 12 resistance, the 6th electric capacity are connected in proper order, be connected in parallel on the two ends of power supply, one termination the 12 resistance of the 13 resistance, the tie point of the 6th electric capacity, the base stage of another termination transistor seconds of resistance, the grounded emitter of transistor seconds, the collector electrode of transistor seconds connects the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor.
The present invention introduces the conduction module in short-term of closing a floodgate in circuit control, the combined floodgate time-delay power switch of the conduction module in short-term of closing a floodgate is in parallel with sub-gate circuit and storage capacitor.Energized, the time-delay power switch conducting of closing a floodgate, electric capacity two terminal shortcircuits directly are connected to the closing coil two ends after the AC power rectification, realize closing operation; Contactor is about to the front and back of closing a floodgate, and the time-delay power switch that closes a floodgate turn-offs, and power supply charges to storage capacitor by closing coil, and contactor is finished closing operation, and afterwards, sound dependence unshakable in one's determination permanent magnetism is tried hard to keep and held the contactor adhesive; During separating brake, storage capacitor discharges by switching winding, occurs electromagnetic repulsion force in the permanent magnetic circuit, with the reaction spring acting in conjunction of monostable contactor, realizes sub-switching operation.
Beneficial effect: separate the magnetic circuit permanent magnet contactor and the general advantages of permanent magnet contactor such as energy-saving effect is remarkable, operation noiseless, also have magnetic circuit to separate the characteristics that the divide-shut brake magnetic circuit is independent of each other except that having.
Simultaneously, by the introducing of conduction module in short-term of closing a floodgate, in the time of time-delay power switch conducting of closing a floodgate, closing coil directly connects the direct current output after the AC power rectification, by the time of this power switch conducting is set, solve the monostable permanent magnet contactor and require contradiction that the closing pulse electric current is big and the separating brake pulse current is little and the problem that strengthens the permanent magnet contactor combined floodgate ability of big current class, long contact travel, make the switching current time lengthening, strengthened the combined floodgate ability, also reduced simultaneously the capacity of storage capacitor, the current impulse of control separating brake.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the separation magnetic circuit permanent magnetic mechanism schematic diagram of contactor of the present invention, wherein have: the moving iron core 1 of electromagnetic circuit, moving low magnetic conduction dividing plate 2 unshakable in one's determination, the moving iron core 3 of permanent magnetic circuit, permanent magnet 4, switching winding J2, closing coil J1, permanent magnetic circuit fixed core 5, low magnetic conduction dividing plate 6 of fixed core and electromagnetic circuit fixed core 7;
Fig. 2 is the permanent magnet mechanism schematic diagram behind removal closing coil J1 and the switching winding J2;
Fig. 3 is the control unit block diagram, comprising: power module P1, and capacitance voltage monitoring module P2, combined floodgate module P3, energy-storage module P4, separating brake module P5, conduction module P6, closing coil J1 and closing coil J2 in short-term close a floodgate;
Fig. 3 is the control unit schematic diagram, comprising: external ac power source AC, stop button TA, start button QA, rectifier bridge BD, capacitor C 1~C6, resistance R 1~R15, piezo-resistance RV1~RV7, diode D1~D6, one-way SCR Q1~Q2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3, closing coil J1, switching winding J2, triode G1~G2.
Fig. 4 is the separation magnetic circuit permanent magnetic mechanism control unit circuit schematic diagram of contactor of the present invention.
Embodiment
Separation magnetic circuit permanent magnetic mechanism contactor of the present invention and control unit thereof, its mechanism mainly comprises the moving low magnetic conduction dividing plate unshakable in one's determination unshakable in one's determination, moving of electromagnetic circuit, the moving iron core of permanent magnetic circuit, permanent magnet, switching winding, closing coil, permanent magnetic circuit fixed core, low magnetic conduction dividing plate of fixed core and electromagnetic circuit fixed core; Moving core portion comprises that the moving iron core unshakable in one's determination, moving of electromagnetic circuit hangs down the magnetic conduction dividing plate and permanent magnetic circuit is moving unshakable in one's determination, fixed core partly comprises permanent magnet, permanent magnetic circuit fixed core, low magnetic conduction dividing plate of fixed core and electromagnetic circuit fixed core, coil comprises switching winding and closing coil; Electromagnetic circuit moves iron core, the moving iron core of permanent magnetic circuit, permanent magnetic circuit fixed core and electromagnetic circuit fixed core and is permeability magnetic material, and moving iron core hangs down the magnetic conduction dividing plate and the low magnetic conduction dividing plate of fixed core is low permeability magnetic materials such as low magnetic conductive metal or plastic spacer.Be followed successively by from bottom to top in Fig. 1 permanent magnet mechanism, electromagnetic circuit fixed core and shell are fixed, be " U " shape mechanism, " U " two ends are wound with closing coil, in the middle of " U " shape mechanism, fix with low magnetic conduction dividing plate of fixed core and permanent magnetic circuit fixed core successively from bottom to top by modes such as screw and colloids, the permanent magnetic circuit fixed core is " E " shape mechanism, permanent magnet is fixed on the middle pole shoe of " E " shape mechanism, switching winding is wound in " E " shape mechanism, it is moving unshakable in one's determination that moving iron core is followed successively by permanent magnetic circuit from bottom to top, moving low magnetic conduction dividing plate unshakable in one's determination and electromagnetic circuit are moving unshakable in one's determination, wherein the moving iron core of permanent magnetic circuit is fixed on the moving iron core of electromagnetic circuit by moving low magnetic conduction dividing plate unshakable in one's determination, the moving iron core of permanent magnetic circuit is " an one " shape and corresponding with " E " shape mechanism in the fixed core, and the moving iron core of electromagnetic circuit is " ∩ " shape and corresponding with " U " shape mechanism in the fixed core.
As shown in Figure 3, control unit comprises power module P1, capacitance voltage monitoring module P2, combined floodgate module P3, energy-storage module P4, separating brake module P5 and the conduction module P6 in short-term that closes a floodgate.Among the power module P1, external ac power source AC inserts rectifier bridge BD through stop button TA and start button QA process power supply overvoltage protection and filtering link; Power supply overvoltage protection is made of with rectifier bridge BD input is in parallel second resistance R 2 and first piezo-resistance RV1 series connection back; The power filter link is made of with rectifier bridge BD input is in parallel first resistance R 1 and first capacitor C, 1 series connection back.Capacitance voltage monitoring module P2 is made of the first diode D1, the 3rd resistance R 3 and 4 series connection of the 4th resistance R, links to each other with the rectification output of rectifier bridge BD.Combined floodgate module P3 comprises closing pulse circuits for triggering, combined floodgate power switch, feedback element and closing coil protection; The closing pulse circuits for triggering are connected and are constituted with the second diode D2, the second piezo-resistance RV2, the 5th resistance R 5 with second capacitor C, 2 backs in parallel by the 6th resistance R 6, link to each other with the rectification output of rectifier bridge BD; The combined floodgate power switch is one-way SCR Q1, and is series between rectifier bridge BD rectification output end positive pole and the closing coil after the 3rd diode D3 connects; Feedback element is the 4th diode D4, the 4th diode D4 positive pole links to each other with the 3rd diode D3 negative pole, the 4th diode D4 negative pole link to each other with one-way SCR Q1 gate pole the back with the closing pulse circuits for triggering in the 5th resistance R 5 link to each other with the point of contact of the 6th resistance R 6; The closing coil protection is made of the 7th resistance R 7 and the 3rd piezo-resistance RV3 series connection, and J1 is in parallel with closing coil.Energy-storage module P4 comprises that storage capacitor C3 and storage capacitor overvoltage protection constitute; Storage capacitor C3 connects with combined floodgate power switch, closing coil, constitutes the storage capacitor charge circuit; The storage capacitor overvoltage protection is made of with storage capacitor C3 is in parallel the 8th resistance R 8 and the 4th piezo-resistance RV4 series connection back.Separating brake module P5 is made of separating brake decision circuitry, switching winding overvoltage protection and separating brake power switch; The separating brake decision circuitry is made of two parts, a part is by the 5th diode D5, the rectification output end that is connected to rectifier bridge BD after the 5th piezo-resistance RV5 and 4 series connection of the 4th capacitor C constitutes, being parallel to storage capacitor C3 two ends after another part is connected by the tenth resistance R 10 and the first transistor G1 constitutes, two parts connect by the 9th resistance R 9 that is connected between the first transistor G1 and the 5th piezo-resistance RV5 and the 4th capacitor C 4 points of contact, the separating brake decision circuitry has under-voltage protection function concurrently, during less than the conducting voltage of the 5th piezo-resistance RV5, contactor is separating brake reliably at the supply voltage peak value; The switching winding overvoltage protection is made of the 11 resistance R 11 and the 6th piezo-resistance RV6 series connection, and J2 is in parallel with switching winding; The separating brake power switch is one-way SCR Q2, and the back of connecting with switching winding J2 is in parallel with storage capacitor C3, and its control utmost point links to each other with the collector electrode of the first transistor G1.Closing a floodgate in short-term, conduction module P6 is made of close a floodgate the time-delay decision circuitry PX and the time-delay power switch that closes a floodgate; The time-delay decision circuitry of closing a floodgate PX is made of two parts, a part is by the 6th diode D6, the 7th piezo-resistance RV7, the 12 resistance R 12, the 13 resistance R 13, the 15 resistance R 15 series connection backs are connected with the rectification output end of rectifier bridge BD, the 5th capacitor C 5 and the 12 resistance R 12, the 13 resistance R 13,15 parallel connections of the 15 resistance R, the 6th capacitor C 6 and the 13 resistance resistance R 13, the 15 resistance R 15 formations in parallel, another part connects and composes by the rectification output end of the 14 resistance R 14 and transistor seconds G2 series connection back and rectifier bridge BD, and two parts link to each other with the 15 resistance R 15 points of contact with the 12 resistance R 12 by the base stage of transistor seconds G2; The time-delay power switch that closes a floodgate is metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3, and C3 is in parallel with storage capacitor, and its grid links to each other with transistor seconds G2 collector electrode.The control circuit schematic diagram as shown in Figure 4.
The specific operation process of closing a floodgate is: press start button QA, after the rectification output, electric current divides five the tunnel: the first via is set the tank voltage of storage capacitor C3 by the first diode D1, the 3rd resistance R 3 and the 4th resistance R 4 by the dividing potential drop of the 3rd resistance R 3 and the 4th resistance R 4; The second the tunnel by the second diode D2, the second piezo-resistance RV2, the 5th resistance R 5, the 6th resistance R 6 and second capacitor C 2, when the conducting voltage of supply voltage peak value greater than the second piezo-resistance RV2, the second the tunnel has electric current to flow through, the 5th resistance R 5 and the 6th resistance R 6 junctions output high level make one-way SCR Q1 conducting.Third Road flows into the first transistor G1 base stage by the 5th diode D5, the 5th piezo-resistance RV5 and the 6th resistance R 8, make the first transistor G1 conducting, the 4th capacitor C 4 keeps, and the first transistor G1 conducting drags down the first transistor G1 collector potential, and one-way SCR Q2 is reliably ended; The four the tunnel by the 6th diode D6, the 7th piezo-resistance RV7, the 12 resistance R 12 and the 13 resistance R 13 flow into transistor seconds G2 base stage, 6 time-delay transistor seconds G2 are open-minded for the 6th capacitor C, the 5th capacitor C 5 keeps, the tenth four-way is crossed resistance R 14 and is flowed into transistor seconds G2 collector electrode, when the conducting voltage of supply voltage greater than the 7th piezo-resistance RV7, the four the tunnel has electric current to flow through, because the voltage of RC circuit on the 6th capacitor C 6 that the 12 resistance R 12 and the 6th capacitor C 6 constitute rises and needs certain rise time, transistor seconds G2 is in conducting after a period of time, since transistor seconds G2 by the time when metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3 conducting and transistor seconds G2 conducting metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3 end, in the time that ends of start button QA and transistor seconds G2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3 conducting, storage capacitor C3 two terminal shortcircuits, the time of the turn on delay by regulating transistor seconds G2 can be regulated the time of storage capacitor C3 two terminal shortcircuits, and then the time of control switching current.The five the tunnel is closing circuit, when the second tunnel conducting and the four tunnel is in deadline of transistor seconds G2, electric current is by one-way SCR Q1, closing coil J1 and metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3, electric current on the closing coil J1 produces and permanent magnet (10) electromagnetic attraction in the same way, moving iron core moves downward, and contactor closes a floodgate; After the conducting of the four road transistor seconds G2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3 ends, one-way SCR Q1, closing coil J1 charge to storage capacitor C3, be contactor separating brake storage power, when storage capacitor voltage reaches the tank voltage value of first via setting, feed back to low level of the one-way SCR Q1 control utmost point by the 4th diode D4, one-way SCR Q1 is turn-offed, charging process finishes; After this, one-way SCR Q1, Q2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3 all turn-off, and provide loss balancing by the first via for storage capacitor C3.
The specific operation process of separating brake: press stop button TA or supply voltage conducting voltage less than the 5th piezo-resistance RV5 in the separating brake decision circuitry, the first transistor G1 ends, its collector electrode output high level is given the one-way SCR Q2 control utmost point, one-way SCR Q2 conducting, storage capacitor C3 has current impulse to flow through by switching winding and one-way SCR Q2 discharge in the switching winding, produce electromagnetic repulsion force, under electromagnetic repulsion force and reaction spring acting in conjunction, sound is unshakable in one's determination separates the contactor separating brake.