CN101548655A - Ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method - Google Patents
Ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to an industrialization aquiculture field, particularly relates to a closed cycle water industrialized fish cultivating system. The system separates solid and liquid in a storage sedimentation basin and a backwater channel sedimentation and rotational flow pool sedimentation, the tiny particulate matter is separated and purified by a sandrock filtering bed of a one level biological filter based on the water particulate matter separation, the water purified by the one level biological filter is feed into a two stage biological filter, the biological film of biologic filling material in the one level and the two stage biological filters is degraded with ammonia nitrogen and azote nitrous acid, the total purifying rate of the water particulate matter reaches more than 99%, the culturing water is added with oxygen mechanically or by liquid oxygen, finally the water is disinfected and sterilized through a ultraviolet ray sterilizer, and the clean ecological water is feed into a fish pool, thus the waste water of the fish pool may be purified and used in repeat. The fish-cultivating system implements completely closed cycle water industrialized fish cultivation, the fish is out of a disease or less, and the fish survival is more than 80%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to industrialization fish culture field, be specifically related to ecological closed cycle water industrial aquaculture system.Mainly utilize natural sea-water to build the seafood industrialized aquaculture base that produces pollution-free healthy.
Background technology
At present, disease has become developing limiting factor in the industrial circulating water marine fish culture process, and the circulation that has its source in of disease cleans inadequately, ight soil, sedimentss such as residual bait remain in the cultivating system, polluted water, sediments is the pollution source of water quality, it is again the material base that grows pathogene, therefore, China mainly adopts Microfilter or sieve bend filter deposition thing in the seawater industrial circulating water cultivating, can only the larger particles of filtering more than 100 microns, particle below 100 microns still is deposited in the cultivating system, the bottom deposit thickness of biofilter of accumulating over a long period surpasses 100mm, and the corrupt blackening of sediments becomes the root of disease, have only the root of solution problem, just can obtain the essence breakthrough that pre-disease prevention takes place.
" industrial circulating water breed fish engineering and technological research and exploitation " (marine fishery research, the 27th the 4th phase of volume, 2006 years) as people such as Xue Zhengrui, Jiang Hui, Chen Qingsheng.The just sharp people of grade of Xue is to adopt mechanical filter place to go suspension to the prevent disease research emphasis in this periodical, and the shortcoming that Microfilter filters is that the particle suspensions clearance is lower, still can not fundamentally prophylactic generation.
" marine fish culture theory and technology " (the Chinese agriculture publishing house of writing as member of Chinese Academy of Engineering Mr. Lei Jilin, 2005) set forth the industrial aquaculture engineering design of seawater fish, the treatment system of cycle water more all sidedly in the book, contents such as process route, wherein the particle in the circulating water culture system still adopts Microfilter to filter, Microfilter comes down to screen filtration, particle greater than mesh is blocked, and filter less than the quilt of mesh, retain in the water body, polluted water, grow pathogenic microorganism, cause fish disease to take place.
" general introduction of indoor high-density circulation water breeding technique " (fishery modernization of Mr. Xie Qinghui of Taiwan Zhonghua Shengji Co., Ltd., 2006 the 3rd phases), though also be the cycle water industrial fish farming, with the above-mentioned the same solid-liquid separation technique efficiently that also do not have, disease also is bigger problem.
Also as, the state university student's thing of Washington, DC engineering department Mr. Chen Shulin is in " closed circulation water cultivate water treatment technology overview " (fishery modernization, 2004 the 5th phases) having introduced circulating water culture system water treatment method in, is to adopt rotating cylinder screen cloth Microfilter filtration of particulate matters; Another is a fine sand fluidized bed method, the operation principle of fine sand fluidized bed is that water upwards flows from the bottom of layer of sand, current float sand grains, and purpose is to utilize ammonia nitrogen harmful in the biomembrane degradation water of sand grain surface, nitrous acid nitrogen etc., thereby do not have the effect of filtration of particulate matters.
For another example, it is the cycle water industrial fish farming enterprise of China's maximum that treasure industry development Co., Ltd is sent out in the sea, Tianjin, the said firm adopts sieve bend filter deposition particle, the main particle of filtering more than 100 microns, and in filter process because the effect of current scour, a lot of bulky grains become granule and retain in the water, cause water turbidity and deposition, become the hotbed of pathogenic growth, influence healthy fish and culture.
In addition, " configuration of industrial fish farming infrastructure " (Beijing aquatic products of Mr. Chen Xuefeng, 2003 the 4th phases), adopt the gravity valveless filter filtration of particulate matters, this is a kind of solid-liquid separating method preferably, and its problem is: valveless filtering pool lift height, and power consumption is big, backwashing wastewater is unsuitable for using in the cycle water fish-cultivating system of low lift, low power consuming.
China's industrialized aquiculture major part is to adopt the straight-line fish culture in running water, according to statistics, the straight-line fish culture in running water gross area is about 3,000,000 square metres, but, because in line continuous-flow type industrial fish farming mode, can not carry out circularly purifying to water quality handles, do not possess prevention and control ability, cause disease without stop, take place again and again disease, disease becomes the conditionality factor of straight-line fish culture in running water, breeding fish due to illness to do harm to causes survival rate low excessively, and survival rate is low to be caused yielding poorly, thereby most loss, serious under-capacity operation, industrial fish farming facility utilization rate less than 50%.
Enter 21 century, the closed cycle water fish-cultivating mode has appearred in China, and scale is less, the about 30000m of total scale
2About, but because of the appearance of circulating water cultivation mode disease is not controlled preferably, outstanding reason is that the purification of water quality level is lower, and particularly the clearance of water body particle is not high, the water quality muddiness, influence the breathing of fish, if things go on like this particle is deposited in the recirculation system, corrupt water quality, pathogene is grown in a large number, cause that fish morbidities is dead, survival rate is low, even indivedual producer is annihilated, suffers great loss.The closed circulation water cultivating system of present China, really do not realize complete closed formula circulating water cultivation, but the concentrated sewage in the circulatory system is directly discharged, contaminated environment, belong to semienclosed circulating water cultivation mode, and equipment, facility cost are higher, every square metre of total cost 2000-3000 unit (not containing land costs), and every square metre of construction costs of the present invention only is a 200-300 unit.
In addition, disease is brought another potential hazard, be that medication is cured the disease in the breeding process, even the drug abuse phenomenon appears, and cause cultured product the medicament residue problem to occur, China's turbot was cultured because of the medicament residue problem in 2006, product stops to sell, almost destroy these improved seeds,, recovered by 2008 through the effort in 3 years.
The common outstanding problem that exists of the breeding way of above-mentioned straight-line continuous-flow type or closed (being actually semiclosed) cycle water batch production is: disease control is unfavorable in (1) breeding process, disease takes place frequently, survival rate is lower, generally below 40%, totally is lossing state; (2) general closed circulation water industrial aquaculture construction costs height, power consumption is high, and sewer is unfavorable for promoting.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned basic situation, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method, it has not sick or few sick in the process of breeding fish, not medication, noresidue, the industrialization seawater of the green seafood of the zero-emission base of breeding fish, take into account realized saving land, the purpose of water-saving, energy-conservation, nuisanceless, cheap, totally-enclosed, the full control of construction costs, easy and simple to handle, easy popularization.
The inventor prevents to further investigate Journal of Sex Research at fish disease, has created clean type, ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method, and has finished the present invention on this basis.
For achieving the above object, ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method provided by the invention comprises:
1, retaining sedimentation basin: the place sets up the retaining sedimentation basin at the inshore intake, and the appearance water depth of retaining sedimentation basin should be more than 2m, area 20000m
2More than, build pump works by the retaining pool side and supply water to the water distribution workshop;
2, water distribution workshop: configuration sand filter, clear water reserviors, distribution reservoir, water pump and plate type heat exchanger in the water distribution workshop; Replenish water supply by the water distribution workshop to the workshop of breeding fish, general day rate of water make-up about 20%;
Wherein, extract natural sea-water by pump works and send into sand filter, the water pipeline that is positioned at sand filter top is a polythene material, around pipeline, hole by 20～30mm spacing, and aperture 8-10mm, its perforated pipe-line length is not less than 2000mm;
3, crawl: the crawl size is by the design of water circulation amount, and as 1 time/h, the crawl area should be less than 30m
2/ pond; Pond shape is a square, builds fillet, and central authorities have draining and backwater, and entad gradient 5%; Under water return pipeline in the crawl and blow-off line all were embedded at the bottom of the pond, central tube connected with threeway;
4, backwater channel: the backwater channel is positioned at the crawl outside, the wide 500mm of channel, and height is identical with the crawl top, gradient 0.2%, base angle circular arc; The backwater channel flow to end establish and block dirty wall together, height 400mm is positioned at backwater and flows to last crawl place; In the inboard of blocking dirty wall, establish a sewage draining exit apart from body of wall 500mm place; A plurality of sewage draining exits are established in the bottom of backwater channel, and spacing 6-12m, each sewage draining exit have diameter 500mm the bottom of a pan shape sewage sump, sewage sump degree of depth 50mm, and sewage draining exit is established at the sewage sump center, sewage draining exit diameter 110mm, sewage draining exit leads to the blowdown ditch;
5, Whirlwind tank: this Whirlwind tank is located at the end of backwater channel and crawl, at the bottom of its pond than the dark 400mm of crawl; The water inlet of Whirlwind tank is positioned on the backwater canal bottom and returns the 400mm place, and the water inlet tangent line is installed, and is convenient to form eddy flow; The Whirlwind tank bottom center is provided with sewage draining exit, and entad gradient 10%, the opening of sewage draining exit and the conducting of blowdown ditch; Be provided with an opening that leads to the back water pump groove by the position equal with water inlet, Whirlwind tank top, its opening should be more than or equal to water inlet;
6, back water pump groove: this back water pump groove installs back water pump in it between the supply flume of Whirlwind tank and biofilter one side; This back water pump groove top and Whirlwind tank or crawl are with high, and dirt discharge groove is established in its bottom, and the base angle is a circular arc;
7, one-level biofilter: the filter bed of one-level biofilter is based on sandstone material, and is provided with fine sand layer, lays the bolting silk net in the layer of sand bottom, and bolting silk is off the net to be cobble, lays one deck circular hole plastics expanded metals below cobble.The sewage backwash pipeline is installed at 100mm place, fine sand layer top, one-level biofilter; The bottom, filter tank is provided with sewage draining exit, to sewage draining exit gradient 2%; The area of one-level biofilter is 1 with the ratio of the crawl gross area: 7-10;
8, two stage biological filter tank: decide according to the crawl area in the two stage biological filter tank; The two stage biological filter tank is a stereo biological filler clarifier-tank, purifies waste water by the bottom inflow of one-level biofilter, and the top by the two stage biological filter tank flows into supply flume, supply flume clear span 600mm again; Supply water to supply flume by the water hole on board top in the two stage biological filter tank, the water hole installation site is established water hole 10-12 by returning the 500mm place under the board top; The two stage biological filter tank is 1 with the ratio of crawl area: 14-17; Bottom, two stage biological filter tank is provided with sewage draining exit, to sewage draining exit gradient 2%; The board in two stage biological filter tank is lower than one-level biofilter 300-400mm;
Wherein, be provided with the sluice between the I and II biofilter, the bottom of sluice is installed and was controlled penstock;
9, treatment tank: this treatment tank is communicated with the water distribution workshop by the blowdown ditch; Treatment tank comprises one-level treatment tank and B-grade sewage treatment pond, and cultivation can purify pasture and water, algae and the shellfish of fish culture waste water in the pond; This B-grade sewage treatment pond is communicated with cistern, at the B-grade sewage treatment pond sand filtration wall is set, and sewage purification is up to standard, and the inflow cistern utilizes once more after the sand filtration wall filters afterwards.
10, ultraviolet ray disinfector: this ultraviolet ray disinfector is installed in the front end of water quality circularly purifying supply flume.
In the present invention, according to application characteristic, related biologic packing material, wherein the filler of one-level biofilter is based on sandstone, and the sand grains size is 0.5mm-1.5mm, and the cobble size is 20-150mm, the mounting means of one-level biofilter is the filter bed formula, the sandstone filler not only has the function of interception finely ground particles, and its superficial growth biomembrane, also has the function that purifies water.
According to above-mentioned characteristics, the biologic packing material in related two stage biological filter tank is that 3-D filler is the hairbrush shape 3 D elastic filler that adopts the diameter 150mm that polyethylene filament makes, and the superficial growth biomembrane of thread filler has the function that purifies water equally.
According to above-mentioned characteristics, the length of related two stage biological filler 200mm at the bottom of the pond, apart from top, pond 200mm, at pool wall both sides embedded bar sleeve ring, the spacing of ring is 200mm, and is symmetrical up and down, with the backguy of this fixed biologically filler, backguy steel wire overcoat flexible plastic tube can play rust inhibition, stereo biological packing density 49-81 root/m
2
According to above-mentioned characteristics, each water distribution workshop of production unit configuration, 1 production unit comprises 8-10 cultivating system; The sand filter area in water distribution workshop is 1: 20 with the ratio of crawl area, sand filter bottom space 800-1000mm, hold up the sandstone filtrate with the armored concrete crossbeam, armored concrete crossbeam specification is 120mm * 120mm * 3000mm, one deck circular hole plastic plate in shop above the crossbeam, lay cobble 200mm on it, the cobble surface is paved with small-sized cobble, lay 40-60 mesh sieve tulle in the above, the top laying of bolting silk net is through washing clean fine sand, fine sand particle diameter 0.5-1.5mm, fine sand layer thickness 500-700mm.
Wherein on layer of sand the 100mm place along sand filter the wall both sides a plurality of blow-off pipes of backwash, caliber 110mm, about about 2 meters of spacing are installed; Sand filter the bottom be communicated with clear water reserviors by valve; Clear water reserviors volume 100m
3-200m
3Clear water reserviors with distribution reservoir (18) bottom between butterfly valve by diameter 200mm be connected, its volume and clear water reserviors identical.
According to above-mentioned characteristics, the about 60m of backwater channel total length, width 500mm; There are the bottom of a pan connected in star of a diameter 500mm, depth of groove 50mm in backwater channel bottom blow-down mouth place; The groove center is established sewage draining exit and is led to crawl middle part blowdown ditch.
According to above-mentioned characteristics, Whirlwind tank is identical with the crawl area or be slightly less than, at the bottom of its pond than the dark 400mm of crawl.
According to above-mentioned characteristics, the filter bed material of related one-level biofilter is based on sandstone, fine sand layer thickness 300mm, 40-60 mesh sieve tulle is laid in the layer of sand bottom, off the net of bolting silk is a cobble, one deck circular hole plastics expanded metals is promptly laid in cobble thickness 200mm and bottom thereof on crossbeam, the crossbeam of holding filter bed filter material is a reinforced concrete structure, specification is 120mm * 120mm * 3000mm, hold needle beam with longeron again, crossbeam spacing 100mm, the area of one-level biofilter is 1 with the ratio of the crawl gross area: 7-10, the board of one-level biofilter are higher than two stage biological filter tank 300-400mm.
According to above-mentioned characteristics, two stage biological filter tank and one side clear span are that the supply flume of 600mm is the cross current of crossing of 110mm by the board upper diameter; Cross the water pipe installation site by returning the 500mm place under the board top, establish water hole 10-12; The two stage biological filter tank is 1 with the ratio of crawl area: 14-17; Bottom, two stage biological filter tank (6) is provided with sewage draining exit, to sewage draining exit gradient 2%, and sewage draining exit caliber 160mm, and butterfly valve is installed;
Sluice between the I and II biofilter is to cross penstock by the bottom to be communicated with, the equidistant installation of butterfly valve that to select 3～5 diameters altogether for use be 160mm-200mm.
According to above-mentioned characteristics, described ultraviolet ray disinfector is made up of polyethylene pipe, quartz burner, quartz socket tube, ballast etc.; Polyethylene caliber 400mm, wall thickness 8-10mm, length 1550mm, 75 watts of quartz burners, single-ended wiring, fluorescent tube length 1540mm disposes suitable ballast, quartz socket tube diameter 25mm, length 1600mm, interior dress quartz burner, each ultraviolet ray disinfector is installed 12 fluorescent tubes, and at ultraviolet phase sterilizer side faces at both ends welding water inlet pipe and outlet pipe, 2 inspection openings of top welding.
According to above-mentioned characteristics, mentioned back water pump is to select mixed-flow pump for use, and its suction hose is mounted to " n " shape with elbow; Back water pump or configuration frequency converter.
The stereo biological filler of indication is by the buying of Yixing, Jiangsu Province environmental protection equipment factory in above-mentioned, and its length can be customized by manufacturer according to the degree of depth of biofilter.
In a word, the present invention is an ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method, compares with the construction costs of traditional straight-line flowing water industrial fish farming, and the investment amount only increases about 30%, but only be other closed cycle water fish-cultivatings construction costs 10%, and cultured output is national mean 6kg/m
2About 5 times.Owing to be recirculation system in the closure, filter and biomembrane purification water quality by backwater sedimentation separation, eddy flow sedimentation separation, biofilter, by water body oxygenation, disinfection by ultraviolet light, fish culture waste water purifies the back cycling and reutilization, set up the efficient life guard system that prevent disease takes place, reached and breeded fish not sick or few sick purpose.Of the present invention focusing on eliminated the material base that pathogenic microorganism grows by solid-liquid separation technique, the quantity of pathogenic microorganism is controlled at the poised state that fish do not fall ill, thereby obtained to breed fish not sick or few sick effect; In addition, the present invention is directed to the outstanding problem that exists in the seawater fish industrial circulating water cultivating system---disease, impose one-level biofilter and harmful substances such as two stage biological filter tank degradation of ammonia nitrogen, nitrous acid nitrogen, by backwater channel sedimentation separation particle, three road solid-liquid separation process such as sedimentation separation of backwater Whirlwind tank and the sand filtration of one-level biofilter, 99% particulate separation is gone out, and effectively pre-disease prevention takes place.Fundamentally solve, thoroughly the remove particulate matter deposition is polluted, and roots out the basis of disease, and clean type health is breeded fish, not sick and few sick ecological cultivation method of really having realized breeding fish.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is System planes figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the technological process of Fig. 1 ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment.
See shown in Figure 1, at first in no runoff pollution, traffic convenience, agriculture electric power abundance, possess the littoral addressing of natural sea-water of broadband network information condition, build retaining sedimentation basin 1, and be provided with a sluice 2 in corresponding seawater direction.Generally build pond specification 20000m
2More than.Retaining sedimentation basin 1 deep-cuts as far as possible, reaches the degree of rising tide Na Shui, reduces the power retaining, saves electric power.If retaining sedimentation basin 1 soil property is too soft, should bank protection, avoid impacting muddy water because of stormy waves.The appearance water depth of retaining sedimentation basin 1 should help the water quality that keeps stable more than 2m.Near retaining sedimentation basin 1, build geothermal well 3.
Then set up water distribution workshop 4.The major function in water distribution workshop 4 is to carry out former water treatment; Main configuration sand filter 16, clear water reserviors 17, distribution reservoir 18 and other corollary equipments in this water distribution workshop 4.Purify water and be advisable with the natural gravity sand filter, each production unit (8-10 cultivating system) is built a water distribution workshop, and sand filter 16 areas are 1: 20 with the ratio of crawl 7 areas.3 of water butterfly valves were installed in bottom between sand filter and the clear water reserviors 17, and diameter 200mm enters clear water reserviors 17 by valve sand leaching water 16, simultaneously the retaining backwash sand filter 16 of also available clear water reserviors 17.Sand filter 16 bottoms are to the sewage draining exit gradient, the gradient 2%, sewage draining exit diameter 160mm, butterfly valve control.Around the sand filter 16 the sewage backwash mouth is set, the sewage draining exit position is the 100mm place on layer of sand, sewage draining exit diameter 110mm, interpolation pipe or the control of outer valve.In addition, sand filter 16, clear water reserviors 17 and distribution reservoir 18 are arranged in order, each pond spacing 600mm, and the butterfly valve that three diameter 200mm are installed between each pond connects.Distribution reservoir 18 is mainly used in temperature adjustment, transfers salt.In clear water reserviors 17 1 sides are platforms, and equipment such as pumping plant 13, plate heat exchanger (not marking among the figure), oxygen station 10 are installed.Dispose equipment such as geothermal well 3, cold water well 2, distribution machine room 11 in addition.When the workshop needed moisturizing, drawing water from distribution reservoir 18 by pumping plant 13 entered one-level biofilter 5 and participates in culturing circulation.
Set up the biofilter.The main effect of biofilter is the not complete small suspended particulate substance of precipitate and separate of filtering, simultaneously the nitrifying bacteria on the biomembrane, the nitrite bacteria NH in can degradation water
3, NO
2 -Etc. harmful substance, make water quality obtain fully clear and purification.The biofilter is divided into 2 grades, current downflow in the series connection.This biofilter comprises:
One-level biofilter 5.The long 6m of the specification of biofilter * wide 6m * dark 3m, filter bed be based on sandstone, fine sand layer thickness 300mm, for preventing that fine sand from spilling, lay 40-60 mesh sieve tulle in the layer of sand bottom, bolting silk is off the net to be cobble, cobble thickness 200mm, the crossbeam of holding cobble is a reinforced concrete structure, and 120mm * 120mm * 3000mm holds needle beam with longeron again, crossbeam spacing 100mm, with cobble padding girder spacing, one deck circular hole plastics expanded metals is laid in the cobble bottom, spills to prevent cobble.The sewage backwash pipeline is installed in pool wall both sides at 100mm place, distance layer of sand surface, diameter 110mm, and intubate or valve control, the sewage of backwash enters the blowdown ditch through blow-off pipe.The area of one-level biofilter is 1 with the ratio of the crawl gross area: 7-10, the board of one-level biofilter are higher than two stage biological filter tank 300-400mm, and it is fast to form differential filter speed.
Two stage biological filter tank 6.Also changeable progression as required, two stage biological filter tank specification 6m * 4m * 3m installs the stereo biological filler in the two stage biological filter tank, and the superficial growth biomembrane of stereo biological filler can purify water.Purifying waste water is entered by the bottom, is flowed out by top to enter supply flume again.Supply flume clear span 600mm, the two stage biological filter tank is crossed water to supply flume by board top, discharge opening of bridge 110mm, the installation site is established water hole 10-12 by returning the 500mm place under the board top.The two stage biological filter tank is 1 with the ratio of crawl area: 14-17.
Above-mentioned one-level biofilter 5, two stage biological filter tank 6 spacings are 600mm, and water valve was installed in the bottom that is communicated with one-level biofilter 5, two stage biological filter tank 6, and what use in the present embodiment is butterfly valve; Diameter 200mm, water valve is crossed in three of equidistant installations.In addition can backwash one-level biofilter 5 by two stage biological filter tank 6, every day, backwash was 1-2 time.
In one-level of the present invention biofilter 5 and two stage biological filter tank 6, add biologic packing material.The biologic packing material of one-level biofilter 5 is installed in the filter bed mode based on sandstone.The biologic packing material in two stage biological filter tank 6 is a 3 D elastic filler, diameter 150～180mm, the length of biologic packing material is 2.6m, and 200mm at the bottom of the pond is apart from top, pond 200mm, pool wall both sides embedded bar sleeve ring, ring spacing 200mm, symmetrical up and down, the backguy of fixed biologically filler, the stereo biological filler hangs in the two stage biological filter tank stereo biological packing density 49-81 root/m in fixing up and down mode
2
Then set up crawl 7.Crawl 7 size is by the design of water circulation amount, and in the present embodiment, quantity of circulating water surpasses 1 time/h, and crawl 7 specifications are (6m * 6m * 1m).Pond shape is a square, builds fillet, central draining and backwater, backwater caliber 160mm, gradient 5% entad at the bottom of the pond.If increase the internal circulating load of water, crawl can suitably enlarge, for (6m * 6m * 1m)-(7m * 7m * 1m), pond shape is a square, builds fillet, and central authorities have discharge outlet and water return outlet, and discharge outlet and water return outlet are same common port, and entad gradient 5%; Under water return pipeline in the crawl 7 and blow-off line all were embedded at the bottom of the pond, central tube connected with threeway, and a side is led to backwater channel 8, and opposite side leads to blowdown ditch 9, pipe diameter 160mm.Perhaps central tube connects with elbow, and then connects return pipe and blow-off pipe with threeway.By crawl 7 feed pipe is set, this water supply line adopts polythene material, is positioned at the crawl top, the inboard, pond, and pipe both sides, top are equal with the bay wall top, can select water path tube 160mm, 200mm and 250mm for use according to circulating water flow.
Crawl 7 bleeder diameter 75mm, with butterfly valve control, the diagonal angle tangent line is installed, and is convenient to form eddy flow into Chi Shui.Go into Chi Shui and answer skirt to go deep at the bottom of the pond, apart from bottom 100mm, port bifurcation mouth shape is the water spray shape, can promote the current rotation.
Be positioned at crawl 7 backwater and blow-off line are set.Return pipe is connected with blow-off pipe, and outlet is positioned at crawl 7 bottom center, is embedded in crawl 7 bottoms in advance, connects return pipe and blow-off pipe with threeway then, and return pipe exports in backwater channel 8, and blow-off pipe exports the blowdown ditch 9 under the passage of workshop.Backwater and blowdown are all with intubate control, without valve.
Then set up backwater channel 8.The backwater canal designs for sedimental sedimentation separation, and crawl water flows in the process of back water pump groove at backwater, and discharge outside the cultivating system by sewage draining exit most of i.e. ight soil more than 90%, the bottom that residual bait is deposited on backwater channel 8.Backwater channel 8 is located at crawl 7 outsides, the wide 500mm of channel, and height is identical with the crawl top, and base angle circular arc is convenient to cleaning.The backwater channel flow to end establish 1 road and block dirty wall, in the inboard of blocking dirty wall, establish a sewage draining exit apart from body of wall 500mm place, sewage draining exit leads to blowdown ditch 9.Backwater channel 8 prolongs in ten crawls 7, and gradient is more slow, and gradient is 0.2%.Per two crawls 7 in the bottom of backwater channel are provided with a sewage draining exit, and caliber 110mm is opened on the centre of backwater channel, and the control of channel interpolation pipe exports in the blowdown ditch.The bottom of a pan connected in star that diameter 500mm is arranged around the sewage draining exit intubate place in the backwater channel 8, depth of groove 50mm is convenient to sedimentally gather and discharge.
In above-mentioned, blowdown ditch 9 a terminal one-level treatment tank 14 and B-grade sewage treatment ponds 15 of being communicated with are connected to cistern 1 by B-grade sewage treatment pond 15.Like this, the concentrated sewage that blowdown ditch 9 can be discharged is sent cistern 1 back to and is recycled after one-level treatment tank 14 and a B-grade sewage treatment pond 15 are handled respectively.In the present invention, cultivate pasture and water and algae in the pond of I and II treatment tank, suitable benthic mollusca is broadcast at the end, and sewage purification is up to standard, and the inflow cistern utilizes once more after the sand filtration wall filters afterwards.
In the present embodiment, there is a supply flume 19 in two stage biological filter tank 6, and it is long 2m * wide 1.5m * dark 2m that a back water pump groove 20, back water pump groove 20 specifications are arranged between supply flume 19 and Whirlwind tank 23; Install back water pump in it; Top and Whirlwind tank are with high, and its surface coverage plank is convenient to operational administrative.Dirt discharge groove is established in the bottom, dirt discharge groove diameter 600mm, and base angle circular arc is convenient to clean.If workshop blowdown ditch is darker, can establishes the blow-off pipe outlet and be connected to the blowdown ditch.
Described back water pump groove 20 places install back water pump 21 and ultraviolet ray disinfector 22.In an embodiment, back water pump 21 is according to the breed characteristics, and is more suitable with mixed-flow pump, generally selects, the pump of bore 200mm for use at 8 o'clock, last water yield 200m
3-400m
3Just same water pump changed motor and can be adjusted the water yield, as water yield 200m on 3 kilowatt motors
3/ h, water yield 400m on 7.5 kilowatt motors
3/ h if need, also can further strengthen, and back water pump 21 is installed frequency converter can save electric energy.
The installation of back water pump 21: suction hose directes reach the bottom of back water pump groove 20, mouth of pipe bottom is opened 3-4 semicircular opening or is beaten the suction hole of sufficient amount, aperture 20mm, so that suction, suction hose and water pump junction are connected into " n " shape with elbow, water pump need not poured water when being installed in power failure or termination of pumping like this, just can go up water behind the 1-3min of start back, and is easy to use.Pumping line is directly linked the one-level biofilter, and delivery port adopts watering can shape porous water-spraying, helps removing CO
2Deng pernicious gas, avoid washing out bacteria bed simultaneously.
Then set up Whirlwind tank 23.Backwater tip designs Whirlwind tank 23 at cultivating system promptly is provided with Whirlwind tank 23 between crawl 7 and back water pump groove 20.Its major function be will be by Deposited particulate matter fully in Whirlwind tank 23 by the eddy flow centrifugal action, particle is deposited on central authorities at the bottom of the pond, and discharges outside the cultivating system.The specification of Whirlwind tank 23 can be onesize with crawl, also can be slightly less than crawl.Should be at the bottom of the pond of Whirlwind tank than the dark 400mm of crawl, the opening that enters Whirlwind tank 23 by backwater channel 8 is to return 400mm place being positioned on the backwater canal bottom, and the diameter of opening pipeline should satisfy the requirement of backwater amount, and the tangent line installation, be convenient to produce bigger eddy flow, to obtain centrifugal force preferably.Sewage draining exit is located at central authorities at the bottom of the pond, diameter 160mm, and entad gradient 10%, and sewage draining exit is opened on blowdown ditch (same crawl).At the Whirlwind tank 23 tops position opening equal with water inlet, opening diameter should be more than or equal to the water inlet diameter, so that backwater flows into the back water pump groove.
The installation of ultraviolet ray disinfector 22: ultraviolet ray disinfector 22 is a core structure, outer wall is a vinyl tube, and diameter 400mm installs 12 75 watts of quartz burners in the tube, 900 watts of general powers, use long service life lamp tube, be advisable fluorescent tube length 1540mm with 9000h～12000h, the quartz ampoule of fluorescent tube overcoat diameter 25mm, except that fluorescent tube, ballast is the CCP of ultraviolet usefulness, should note its coupling suitably.
The top installation check of ultraviolet ray disinfector 22 and wiping window, the two ends of ultraviolet ray disinfector connect water inlet pipe and outlet pipe, caliber 160mm or 200mm, and an end connects the biofilter supply flume, one end connects the crawl water supply line, 1 ultraviolet ray disinfector of a cultivating system configuration.
Liquid oxygen oxygenation is installed: be equipped with 15m
31～2 in Liquid High Pressure Oxygen jar belongs to common apparatus.Dispose one of suitable gasifier, the effect of gasifier is that oxygen is become gaseous state by liquid state, send in the gas tank that is installed in the gas-liquid mixing pump on the water supply line by pipeline, each cultivating system uses a cover high efficient gas and liquid mixing pump, 0.7 kilowatt～1.5 kilowatts of power, or the special-purpose device of air that looses is installed, and this device need not expend electric power, and the former is better than the latter solute effect of oxygen.Crawl water inlet dissolved oxygen content 15mg/L～20mg/L, crawl delivery port dissolved oxygen content is not less than 5mg/L.For preventing the needs of single pond special operational, should be equipped with several small-sized inflator pumps, deal with needing of a period of time.
In addition, according to actual conditions, can not select the cultivating system of liquid oxygen for use, 1 1.5 kilowatts of gas-liquid mixing pump need be installed by each system, makes fishpond water inlet dissolved oxygen content reach 10mg/L.Perhaps use Roots blower oxygenation, should suitably reduce cultivation density this moment.
Set up water quality monitoring: set up special Water Quality Test Room.The main content that detects is: NH
3, NO
2 -, protozoa content and kind in DO, pH, suspension content, bacterial population, the pond bottom sediment.
Set up warning system: closed circulation water is cultured to be needed warning system is installed, and mainly comprises operational outfit warning, fish movement condition monitoring and Workshop monitoring.Operational outfit refers to water circulating pump, oxygenation gas-liquid mixing pump, Roots blower etc., in case shut down, sends warning immediately; The fish movement condition monitoring refers to the active state and the health condition of observing fish by underwater camera and screen display; Workshop monitoring refers to the observation shop floor status, and unusual circumstance is in time handled.
The workshop overall construction design: the roof, workshop adopts arch or triangle steel shelf structure, and crossbeam is used through antiseptic 60mm * 120mm * 4000mm lumps of wood, adopts the insulation material of simple and easy cheapness to cover, and should reach to meet local blast, crushing by snow requirement.Exterior wall is a brick mix structure around the workshop, and with the warming plate insulation, reduces the temperature effect of bringing because of climatic variation, under the prerequisite of safety, insulation, reduces construction costs as far as possible.
Provided the process chart of ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method by Fig. 2.
At first natural sea-water is stored in cistern, seawater is squeezed in the workshop circulatory system of breeding fish with water pump through after the sand filtration, temperature adjustment, accent salt in the water distribution workshop, fill with new water after, the cultivating system in the workshop begins cycle operation.Circulating path is: crawl water flows out with cyclone mode, enter the backwater channel, carry out the Separation of Solid and Liquid first time at the backwater channel, in Whirlwind tank, carry out the centrifugal Separation of Solid and Liquid second time then, water after the Separation of Solid and Liquid flows into the back water pump groove, squeeze into the one-level biofilter with mixed-flow pump, at this further filtering finely ground particles and pathogenic microorganism, the water of handling through the one-level biofilter flows into the two stage biological filter tank, the stereo biological filling surface growth biomembrane in two stage biological filter tank, ammonia nitrogen in the biomembrane degradation water, harmful substances such as nitrous acid nitrogen, the inflow supply flume of purifying waste water, in supply flume, use liquid oxygen oxygenation or in crawl, use aerator oxygenation all can, oxygenation water is by the supply flume ultraviolet ray disinfector sterilization of flowing through, at last with clean water, ecological water is sent into crawl, realizes the ecological closed cycle water healthy aquaculture.
The processing of sewer: need backwash one-level biofilter 1-2 time every day, backwater channel blowdown 1-2 time, Whirlwind tank blowdown 1-2 time, these concentrated sewage blowdown ditch under the walkway in the workshop enters the one-level treatment tank, after the one-level waste water treatment, flow into the B-grade sewage treatment pond, flow into cistern through checking secondary treated wastewater up to standard, utilize in order to cycle water, such circulating treating system has realized really that just closed circulation water health is breeded fish completely again.
For proving absolutely effect of the present invention, see following concrete breed example:
Set up the experimental shop 2100m that breeds fish by method of the present invention
2, crawl area 1440m wherein
2, being divided into 4 cultivating systems, each cultivating system is formed biofilter area 60m by 10 in crawl and biofilter
2* 4, i.e. 240m
2, 40 in total crawl, every pool area 36m
2Put malaber reefcod (Epinephelus malabaricus) 80000 tails in a suitable place to breed, 1 year breed phase, survive 69936 tails, to culture survival rate and reach 87.42%, yield per unit area reaches 24.73Kg/m
2, crawl depth of water 0.5m, amounting to every cube of water body output is 49.46kg/m
3, gross output 35611.10kg, 2848888.00 yuan of the output values, 1213423.00 ten thousand yuan of totle drilling costs are got a profit 1635465.00 ten thousand yuan, profit margin 134.78%.
Second experimental period (12 months is one-period) well afoot, from present breed situation analysis, culture efficiency is better than first experimental period.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method is characterized in that:
(1) retaining sedimentation basin: set up retaining sedimentation basin (1) at inshore intake place, the appearance water depth of retaining sedimentation basin (1) should be more than 2m, area 20000m
2More than, build pump works by the retaining pool side and supply water to the water distribution workshop;
(2) water distribution workshop: configuration sand filter (16), clear water reserviors (17), distribution reservoir (18), back water pump and plate type heat exchanger in water distribution workshop (4); Replenish water supply by water distribution workshop (4) to the workshop of breeding fish, general day rate of water make-up about 20%;
Wherein, extract natural sea-water by pump works (13) and send into sand filter (16), the water pipeline that is positioned at sand filter (16) top is a polythene material, around pipeline, hole by 20～30mm spacing, and aperture 8-10mm, its perforated pipe-line length is not less than 2000mm;
(3) crawl: crawl (7) size is by the design of water circulation amount, and as 1 time/h, crawl (7) area should be less than 30m
2/ pond; Pond shape is a square, builds fillet, and central authorities have draining and backwater, and entad gradient 5%; Under water return pipeline in the crawl (7) and blow-off line all were embedded at the bottom of the pond, central tube connected with threeway;
(4) backwater channel: backwater channel (8) is positioned at crawl (7) outside, the wide 500mm of channel, and height is identical with crawl (7) top, gradient 0.2%, base angle circular arc; The backwater channel flow to end establish and block dirty wall together, height 400mm is positioned at backwater and flows to last crawl (7) and locate; In the inboard of blocking dirty wall, establish a sewage draining exit apart from body of wall 500mm place; A plurality of sewage draining exits are established in the bottom of backwater channel, and spacing 6-12m, each sewage draining exit have diameter 500mm the bottom of a pan shape sewage sump, sewage sump degree of depth 50mm, and sewage draining exit is established at the sewage sump center, sewage draining exit diameter 110mm, sewage draining exit leads to the blowdown ditch;
(5) Whirlwind tank: this Whirlwind tank (23) is located at the end of backwater channel (8) and crawl (7), at the bottom of its pond than the dark 400mm of crawl; The water inlet of Whirlwind tank (23) is positioned on the backwater canal bottom and returns the 400mm place, and the water inlet tangent line is provided with; The Whirlwind tank bottom center is provided with sewage draining exit, and entad gradient 10%, the opening of sewage draining exit and blowdown ditch (9) conducting; Be provided with an opening that leads to the back water pump groove by the position equal with water inlet, Whirlwind tank top, its opening should be more than or equal to water inlet;
(6) back water pump groove: this back water pump groove (20) is positioned between the supply flume (19) of Whirlwind tank (23) and biofilter one side, installs back water pump (20) in it; This back water pump groove (20) top and Whirlwind tank or crawl (7) are with high, and dirt discharge groove is established in its bottom, and the base angle is a circular arc;
(7) one-level biofilter: the filter bed of one-level biofilter (5) is based on sandstone material, and is provided with fine sand layer, lays the bolting silk net in the layer of sand bottom, and bolting silk is off the net to be cobble, lays one deck circular hole plastics expanded metals below cobble; The sewage backwash pipeline is installed at 100mm place, fine sand layer top, one-level biofilter (5); The bottom, filter tank is provided with sewage draining exit, to sewage draining exit gradient 2%; The area of one-level biofilter (5) is 1 with the ratio of the crawl gross area: 7-10;
(8) two stage biological filter tank: decide according to the crawl area two stage biological filter tank (6); Two stage biological filter tank (6) is a stereo biological filler clarifier-tank, purifies waste water by the bottom inflow of one-level biofilter (5), and the top by two stage biological filter tank (6) flows into supply flume (19), supply flume clear span 600mm again; Supply water to supply flume (19) by the water hole on board top in two stage biological filter tank (6), the water hole installation site is established water hole 10-12 by returning the 500mm place under the board top; Two stage biological filter tank (6) is 1 with the ratio of crawl (7) area: 14-17; Bottom, two stage biological filter tank (6) is provided with sewage draining exit, to sewage draining exit gradient 2%; The board in two stage biological filter tank is lower than one-level biofilter 300-400mm;
Wherein, be provided with the sluice between the I and II biofilter, the bottom of sluice is installed and was controlled penstock;
(9) treatment tank: this treatment tank is communicated with water distribution workshop (4) by the blowdown ditch; Treatment tank comprises one-level treatment tank (14) and B-grade sewage treatment pond (15), and cultivation can purify pasture and water, algae and the shellfish of fish culture waste water in the pond; This B-grade sewage treatment pond is communicated with cistern (1), at B-grade sewage treatment pond (15) the sand filtration wall is set, and purifies waste water to flow into cistern (1) through the sand filtration wall.
(10) ultraviolet ray disinfector: this ultraviolet ray disinfector (22) is installed in the front end of water quality circularly purifying supply flume (19).
2, ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the filler of described one-level biofilter (5) is based on sandstone, the sand grains size is 0.5mm-1.5mm, and the cobble size is 20-150mm, and the mounting means of one-level biofilter (5) is the filter bed formula.
3, ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the biologic packing material in described two stage biological filter tank (6) is that 3-D filler is the hairbrush shape 3 D elastic filler that adopts the diameter 150mm that polyethylene filament makes, the superficial growth biomembrane of thread filler.
4, ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the length of two stage biological filler 200mm at the bottom of the pond, apart from top, pond 200mm, at pool wall both sides embedded bar sleeve ring, the spacing of ring is 200mm, and is symmetrical up and down, with the backguy of this fixed biologically filler, backguy steel wire overcoat flexible plastic tube can play rust inhibition, stereo biological packing density 49-81 root/m
2
5, ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: each production unit configuration water distribution workshop (4), and 1 production unit comprises 8-10 cultivating system; The sand filter area in water distribution workshop is 1: 20 with the ratio of crawl area, sand filter bottom space 800-1000mm, hold up the sandstone filtrate with the armored concrete crossbeam, armored concrete crossbeam specification is 120mm * 120mm * 3000mm, one deck circular hole plastic plate in shop above the crossbeam, lay cobble 200mm on it, the cobble surface is paved with small-sized cobble, lay 40-60 mesh sieve tulle in the above, the top laying of bolting silk net is through washing clean fine sand, fine sand particle diameter 0.5-1.5mm, fine sand layer thickness 500-700mm.
Wherein a plurality of blow-off pipes of backwash, caliber 110mm, about about 2 meters of spacing are installed by the 100mm place along sand filter (16) wall both sides on layer of sand; Sand filter (16) bottom is communicated with clear water reserviors by valve; Clear water reserviors volume 100m
3-200m
3Butterfly valve by diameter 200mm between clear water reserviors (17) and distribution reservoir (18) bottom is connected, and its volume is identical with clear water reserviors (17).
6, ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the about 60m of backwater channel (8) total length, width 500mm; There are the bottom of a pan connected in star of a diameter 500mm, depth of groove 50mm in backwater channel (8) bottom blow-down mouth place; The groove center is established sewage draining exit and is led to crawl (7) middle part blowdown ditch.
7, ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Whirlwind tank (23) is identical with crawl (7) area or be slightly less than, at the bottom of its pond than the dark 400mm of crawl (7).
8, ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the filter bed material of one-level biofilter (5) is based on sandstone, fine sand layer thickness 300mm, 40-60 mesh sieve tulle is laid in the layer of sand bottom, off the net of bolting silk is a cobble, one deck circular hole plastics expanded metals is promptly laid in cobble thickness 200mm and bottom thereof on crossbeam, the crossbeam of holding filter bed filter material is a reinforced concrete structure, specification is 120mm * 120mm * 3000mm, hold needle beam with longeron again, crossbeam spacing 100mm, the ratio of the area of one-level biofilter (5) and crawl (7) gross area is 1: 7-10, the board of one-level biofilter (5) is higher than two stage biological filter tank 300-400mm.
9, ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: two stage biological filter tank (6) and one side clear span are that the supply flume (19) of 600mm is the cross current of crossing of 110mm by the board upper diameter; Cross the water pipe installation site by returning the 500mm place under the board top, establish water hole 10-12; Two stage biological filter tank (6) is 1 with the ratio of crawl (7) area: 14-17; Bottom, two stage biological filter tank (6) is provided with sewage draining exit, to sewage draining exit gradient 2%, and sewage draining exit caliber 160mm, and butterfly valve is installed;
Sluice between the I and II biofilter is to cross penstock by the bottom to be communicated with, the equidistant installation of butterfly valve that to select 3～5 diameters altogether for use be 160mm-200mm.
10, ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: ultraviolet ray disinfector (22) is made up of polyethylene pipe, quartz burner, quartz socket tube, ballast etc.; Polyethylene caliber 400mm, wall thickness 8-10mm, length 1550mm, 75 watts of quartz burners, single-ended wiring, fluorescent tube length 1540mm disposes suitable ballast, quartz socket tube diameter 25mm, length 1600mm, interior dress quartz burner, each ultraviolet ray disinfector is installed 12 fluorescent tubes, and at ultraviolet phase sterilizer side faces at both ends welding water inlet pipe and outlet pipe, 2 inspection openings of top welding.
11, ecological closed cycle water fish-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: back water pump (21) is to select mixed-flow pump for use, and its suction hose is mounted to " n " shape with elbow; Back water pump (21) or configuration frequency converter.
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2009
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