CN1015395B - 柴油机直接喷射式燃烧室装置 - Google Patents

柴油机直接喷射式燃烧室装置

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CN1015395B
CN1015395B CN88100693A CN88100693A CN1015395B CN 1015395 B CN1015395 B CN 1015395B CN 88100693 A CN88100693 A CN 88100693A CN 88100693 A CN88100693 A CN 88100693A CN 1015395 B CN1015395 B CN 1015395B
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guide ring
combustion chamber
diesel engine
flow guide
piston
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CN1035161A (zh
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胡国栋
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0672—Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/02—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers the chamber being periodically isolated from its cylinder
    • F02B19/04—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers the chamber being periodically isolated from its cylinder the isolation being effected by a protuberance on piston or cylinder head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/063—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion the combustion space in the piston interacting fluid dynamically with the cylinder head, the injector body or the cylinder wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0648—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition
    • F02B23/0651—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition the fuel spray impinging on reflecting surfaces or being specially guided throughout the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/40—Squish effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/0621—Squish flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

柴油机直喷式燃烧室装置，该燃烧室装置包括气缸盖、缸套、喷油器和活塞，在活塞顶部有燃烧室，一导流环装于燃烧室装置中，它位于气缸盖的底平面之下，紧靠该底平面，并围绕着喷油器的头部，导流环的外圆周面作为导流面，它与气缸盖的底平面成向外倾斜状，以引导挤流互不干扰各自向一定方向流出，且气流运动造成低压区，吸引了喷出的油束向外流动，使油气得以充分混合，改善了燃烧，降低了燃油耗，且烟度，排温和爆压均有改善。

Description

本发明涉及一种改进的柴油机直接喷射式燃烧室装置，这种柴油机可以是直接喷射式四冲程发动机，喷油器直立于气缸盖中心的二冲程直流扫气发动机或二冲程回流扫气发动机。
在现有技术中，公知的柴油机，在活塞上行时，活塞顶上的环形空气被压缩形成向气缸中心流动的气流，即挤流。由于圆周各方空气均向轴心流动，使得气流互相撞击，造成气流流动损失和紊流，同时妨碍着位于气缸中心的喷油器油束的顺利喷出，影响了油气混合气的有效形成。对于多孔式喷油器，由于各条油束贯穿力较强，上述向气缸中心流动的气流对其影响较小。对于伞喷油器（如本发明人申请的中国专利第86104090号所记载），由于油粒细，气流对其影响较大。由于气流的影响，以上所述的这些柴油机均存在着空气与燃油不能有效混合的问题。
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的柴油机中油气不能有效混合的不足之处而提出一种柴油机直接喷射式燃烧室装置。
本发明的目的是这样来达到的，即提供一种柴油机直接喷射式燃烧室装置，它包括气缸盖、缸套、喷油器和活塞，在活塞的顶部设有 符合燃烧要求的燃烧室，在该燃烧室装置中设置有一个导流环，该导流环位于气缸盖的底平面之下，紧靠该底平面，并且围绕着喷油器的头部，喷油器的前端凸起于导流环的底面，导流环的外圆周面为导流面以引导挤流各自向一定的方向流动，该导流面相对于气缸盖的底平面成向外估斜状。
本发明的目的还可以通过以下措施来达到：
导流面相对于气缸盖的底平面向外倾斜状夹角α＝40-60度。用于气缸直径小于150毫米的四冲程柴油机中的导流环的直径dr＝16-22毫米，厚度h＝3-3.5毫米。
用于二冲程回流扫气柴油机中的导流环的直径dr与燃烧室的开口直径dk的关系为dr/dk＝0.5-0.6。
在该燃烧室装置中设有一个导流环后，该导流环能控制上述向轴心流动的互相干扰的环形气流，引导其互不干扰地向着缸盖下方的一定方向流动。在流动方向上，由于其速度存在，造成了一个气压低于气缸轴心区气压的低压区，从而引起中部的空气向着***方向流动，其结果帮助了喷油器喷出的油雾向外流出而不受压抑，因此使油雾得以与空气充裕的***空气混合，改善燃烧，降低了燃油耗，并可改善烟色，降低排温和爆压。
附图的图面说明如下：
图1是本发明的直立喷油器导流环的实施例的示意图;
图2是斜立喷油器导流环的实施例的示意图;
图3是装有导流环的二冲程回流扫气柴油机直喷式燃烧室装置的示意图。
本发明下面将结合附图对实施例作进一步详述，图中所示的导流环4安装在柴油机直接喷射式燃烧室装置内，该燃烧室装置包括气缸盖1，缸套7，喷油器3和活塞2，在活塞2的顶部设有符合燃烧要求的燃烧室5。图1和图2所示为装于四冲程柴油机或二冲程直流扫气式柴油机中用的导流环，图1是具有直立式喷油器的情形，图2为具有斜立式喷油器的情形。导流环装于燃烧室组中，并固定在气缸盖的底平面上。
导流环具有一中孔，其直径d稍大于喷油器的直径（约大0.05～0.10毫米）。喷油器的头部穿过导流环的中孔伸入燃烧室内，其最前端从导流环的底面凸出一距离C0（C0约为0.5～1毫米）。导流环4的***圆周面作为导流面6，导流面6最好有一斜度，即相对于气缸盖1成向外倾斜状，其倾斜角度α最好为40～60度。对于气缸直径小于150毫米的四冲程柴油机来说，所使用的导流环直径dr＝16～22毫米，厚度h＝3～3.5毫米。另外，在导流环的***上下边缘，各有一小圆角，上小圆角为r＝0.5毫米，下小圆角为R＝1毫米。
当发动机工作，气缸内的活塞上行并到达上死点附近，活塞顶上的环形空气被压缩形成向气缸轴心流动的气流（即挤流）C1和C2。当挤流C1和C2碰到导流环的导流斜面后，其流动方向便由C转为B，即受导流环的导引，按着导流面的倾斜度，各自向着不同方向（向下向外）的***流出。这样，在气缸中心部位喷出的油束就不会受到向中心流动的气流影响。同时，由于在导引的气流流动方向上存在一速度，就造成了一个气压低于气缸轴心区气压的低压区，在中部 喷射的油束，受着低压区空气流的吸引，被吸向外流动。当其出环后，与空气流相遇，从而使油粒随着空气流向***，形成良好的混合气。
图3所示实施例为用于二冲程回流扫气式柴油机中的导流环。在这种柴油机中，由于设计可不受气阀（如位于四冲程柴油机气缸盖上的气阀）限制，导流环就可以做得较大，如可以在气缸盖中底部铸造加工出一个直径较大的导流环。当喷油器喷出的油束同在导流面的导引下流过导流环的下端的气流B相遇后，油束随着气流B向外作有旋涡的旋流运动，进一步改善了油气的混合。
图3所示导流环的构造与图1所示导流环基本相同，但是比图1的导流环要大。其尺寸如下：
dk＝（0.7～0.8）D
dr＝（0.4～0.6）D
h＝（0.03～0.05）D
并且， (dr)/(dk) ＝0.5～0.6
其中：D是活塞直径，
dk是活塞顶部燃烧室的喉口直径，
dr是导流环直径，
h是导流环厚度。
图3所示实施例的另一个优点是，由于活塞顶部燃烧室的开口dk较大，导流环的直径dr也较大，这样，当活塞行至上死点时，导流环进入燃烧室的喉口内，从而使通道面积 (π)/4 （dk2-dr2）大为缩小，挤流增加。而在活塞运行的其它时期则挤流很 弱，流动损失也较小。
从以上叙述可看出，本发明的导流环结构简单，应用方便。任何现用的直喷式柴油机装用导流环时，其它零件不需作任何改动，只要对喷油器伸出距离及射油提前角稍作调整即可。装用导流环后，可获得排温和爆压降低，烟色改善以及燃油耗下降的显著效果。例如，在朝阳柴油机厂生产的6102AQ型柴油机的四方型燃烧室上试验，额定点的燃油耗和最大扭矩点的燃油耗均下降4.5克/马力小时，烟度、排温和爆压均有改善。

Claims (4)

1、一种柴油机直接喷射式燃烧室装置，所述的燃烧室装置包括：气缸盖(1)，缸套(7)，喷油器(3)和活塞(2)，在活塞(2)的顶部设有一个燃烧室(5)，其特征在于：在所述的燃烧室装置中设置有一个导流环(4)，该导流环(4)位于气缸盖(1)的底平面之下，紧靠该底平面，并且围绕着喷油器(3)的头部，所述的喷油器(3)的前端凸起于所述的导流环(4)的底面，所述的导流环(4)的外圆周面(6)为引导挤流各自向一定方向流动的导流面，该导流面(6)相对于气缸盖(1)的底平面成向外倾斜状。
2、根据权利要求1所述的导流环，其特征在于：所述的导流面（6）相对于气缸盖（1）的底平面向外倾斜的夹角α＝40-60度。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的导流环，其特征在于：用于气缸直径小于150毫米的四冲程柴油机中的导流环（4）的直径dr＝16-22毫米，厚度h＝3-3.5毫米。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的导流环，其特征在于：用于二冲程回流扫气柴油机中的导流环（4）的直径dr与燃烧室开口dk的比例dr/dk＝0.5-0.6。
CN88100693A 1988-02-08 1988-02-08 柴油机直接喷射式燃烧室装置 Expired CN1015395B (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN88100693A CN1015395B (zh) 1988-02-08 1988-02-08 柴油机直接喷射式燃烧室装置
US07/575,019 US5029563A (en) 1988-02-08 1990-08-30 Combustion chamber assembly of direct injection diesel engines

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN88100693A CN1015395B (zh) 1988-02-08 1988-02-08 柴油机直接喷射式燃烧室装置

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CN1035161A CN1035161A (zh) 1989-08-30
CN1015395B true CN1015395B (zh) 1992-02-05

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