CN101535737A - Air conditioning apparatus - Google Patents

Air conditioning apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101535737A
CN101535737A CNA2007800409420A CN200780040942A CN101535737A CN 101535737 A CN101535737 A CN 101535737A CN A2007800409420 A CNA2007800409420 A CN A2007800409420A CN 200780040942 A CN200780040942 A CN 200780040942A CN 101535737 A CN101535737 A CN 101535737A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
cold
producing medium
heat exchanger
supercooling
expansion mechanism
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CNA2007800409420A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
濑户口隆之
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of CN101535737A publication Critical patent/CN101535737A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/02—Subcoolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/16—Receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/17—Control issues by controlling the pressure of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is an air conditioning apparatus wherein a supercritical refrigerant is used and a circulation quantity of the refrigerant is easily adjusted. A refrigeration unit (1b) uses a refrigerant that operates in a supercritical range, and is provided with a compressor (21), a first heat exchanger (23), a first expansion mechanism (V2), a supercooling heat exchanger (24), a second expansion mechanism (V3), a second heat exchanger (31), and a control section (5). The compressor compresses the refrigerant. The first heat exchanger cools the high pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor. The first expansion mechanism depressurizes the refrigerant to a critical pressure or lower. The supercooling heat exchanger supercools the refrigerant depressurized by the first expansion mechanism. The second expansion mechanism depressurizes the refrigerant cooled by the supercooling heat exchanger to a low pressure. The second heat exchanger heats the refrigerant depressurized by the second expansion mechanism. The control section performs first control to adjust the first expansion mechanism and the second expansion mechanism so that the liquid refrigerant is reserved in the supercooling heat exchanger.

Description

Aircondition
Technical field
The present invention relates to supercritical refrigerant that a kind of utilization works and the aircondition of adjusting refrigerating capacity easily in overcritical territory.
Background technology
In the past, known had a kind of refrigerating plant that cold-producing medium is circulated carry out the steam compression type refrigeration circulation, and it has obtained extensive utilization as aircondition etc.As this refrigerating plant, for example disclose as patent documentation 1, have a kind of with carbon dioxide as cold-producing medium and the high pressure of kind of refrigeration cycle is set for refrigerating plant more than the critical pressure of cold-producing medium, that carry out so-called supercritical refrigeration cycle.
Patent documentation 1: Japanese patent laid-open 10-54617 communique
Yet, in the refrigerator of supercritical refrigerants such as use carbon dioxide coolant, because on high-tension side cold-producing medium is in supercriticality rather than liquid state, even if therefore fluid reservoir is set also is difficult to accumulate cold-producing medium.Therefore, the function almost that the evaporation capacity of cold-producing medium is adjusted works, and ability control and COP (coefficient of performance) Optimal Control etc. are difficult to prove effective.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of aircondition that utilizes supercritical refrigerant and easily the internal circulating load of cold-producing medium is adjusted.
The technical scheme that the technical solution problem is adopted
The refrigerating plant of first invention is the refrigerating plant of a kind of utilization cold-producing medium of working in supercritical range, comprising: compressor, first heat exchanger, first expansion mechanism, supercooling heat exchanger, second expansion mechanism, second heat exchanger and control part.Compressor compresses cold-producing medium.First heat exchanger is to being cooled off by the cold-producing medium of the high pressure after the compressor compression.First expansion mechanism is decompressed to below the critical pressure cold-producing medium.The supercooling heat exchanger is to being carried out supercooling by the post-decompression cold-producing medium of first expansion mechanism.Second expansion mechanism makes by the cold-producing medium after the supercooling cools down and is decompressed to low pressure.Second heat exchanger is to being heated by the post-decompression cold-producing medium of second expansion mechanism.Control part carries out first control, and this first control is that first expansion mechanism and second expansion mechanism are adjusted, with the control at supercooling heat exchanger inner product liquid storage cryogen.
In the present invention, append at the outlet side of first heat exchanger that works as gas cooler the supercooling heat exchanger is set, and between them, append to be provided with and make cold-producing medium be decompressed to first expansion mechanism below the critical pressure.
Therefore, can control the aperture of first expansion mechanism, and adjust intermediate pressure.Therefore, can in the supercooling heat exchanger, accumulate liquid refrigerant, and adjust refrigerant amount.Thus, high voltage control can be become optimum value, and move efficiently.
The refrigerating plant of second invention is in the refrigerating plant of first invention, also comprises the cold-information deriving means.Cross the mistake cold-information that the cold-information deriving means can obtain to calculate the degree of supercooling of the cold-producing medium in the supercooling heat exchanger.Control part calculates degree of supercooling based on crossing cold-information.First control is based on that degree of supercooling carries out.
In the present invention, also comprise the mistake cold-information deriving means that can obtain cold-information, control part carries out first control based on the degree of supercooling that calculates according to the mistake cold-information.Therefore, can control first expansion mechanism and second expansion mechanism, so that the cold-producing medium in the supercooling heat exchanger is in supercooled state, can be controlled to the cold-producing medium that makes in the supercooling heat exchanger becomes liquid refrigerant.Therefore, can adjust refrigerant amount.
The refrigerating plant of the 3rd invention is in the refrigerating plant of second invention, crosses the cold-information deriving means and comprises inlet temperature sensor and outlet temperature sensor.In the supercooling heat exchanger, inlet temperature sensor can detect the refrigerant inlet temperature.Outlet temperature sensor can detect the refrigerant outlet temperature.
In the present invention, detect the inlet temperature of supercooling heat exchanger, and detect the outlet temperature of supercooling heat exchanger with outlet temperature sensor with inlet temperature sensor.Owing to be the cold-producing medium of gas-liquid two-phase state, therefore equate with the saturated solution temperature with the detected temperature of inlet temperature sensor.Therefore, can calculate degree of supercooling according to the saturated solution temperature and the outlet temperature that obtain.
The refrigerating plant of the 4th invention is in the refrigerating plant of second invention, crosses the cold-information deriving means and comprises inlet pressure transducer and outlet temperature sensor.Inlet pressure transducer can detect the refrigerant inlet pressure of supercooling heat exchanger.Outlet temperature sensor can detect the refrigerant outlet temperature of supercooling heat exchanger.
In the present invention, detect the inlet pressure of supercooling heat exchanger, and detect the outlet temperature of supercooling heat exchanger with outlet temperature sensor with inlet pressure transducer.Therefore, can calculate the saturated solution temperature according to detected inlet pressure, and calculate degree of supercooling according to saturated solution temperature and outlet temperature.
The refrigerating plant of the 5th invention is the refrigerating plant of a kind of utilization cold-producing medium of working in supercritical range, comprising: compressor, first heat exchanger, first expansion mechanism, supercooling heat exchanger, second expansion mechanism, second heat exchanger, switching mechanism and control part.Compressor compresses cold-producing medium.First heat exchanger makes cold-producing medium carry out heat exchange.First expansion mechanism makes the cold-producing medium decompression.The supercooling heat exchanger makes the cold-producing medium supercooling.Second expansion mechanism makes the cold-producing medium decompression.Second heat exchanger makes cold-producing medium carry out heat exchange.Switching mechanism can switch between first state and second state.First state is meant cold-producing medium inflow compressor that evaporates and the state that is flowed into first heat exchanger by the cold-producing medium after the compressor compression in second heat exchanger.Second state is meant cold-producing medium inflow compressor that evaporates and the state that is flowed into second heat exchanger by the cold-producing medium after the compressor compression in first heat exchanger.Control part carries out first control and second control.First control is meant when switching mechanism is in first state, make the cold-producing medium of high pressure reduce pressure into intermediate pressure below the supercritical pressure with first expansion mechanism, and make by the cold-producing medium of the overcooled intermediate pressure of supercooling heat exchanger with second expansion mechanism and to reduce pressure into low pressure, in the supercooling heat exchanger, accumulate the control of liquid refrigerant thus.Second control is meant when switching mechanism is in second state, make the cold-producing medium of high pressure reduce pressure into intermediate pressure below the supercritical pressure with second expansion mechanism, and make by the cold-producing medium of the overcooled intermediate pressure of supercooling heat exchanger with first expansion mechanism and to reduce pressure into low pressure, in the supercooling heat exchanger, accumulate the control of liquid refrigerant thus.
In the present invention, comprise switching mechanism, this switching mechanism can make first heat exchanger as gas cooler and make first state that second heat exchanger works as evaporimeter and first heat exchanger is switched between as the evaporimeter and second state that second heat exchanger is worked as gas cooler.When first heat exchanger works as gas cooler, append in the refrigerant outlet side of first heat exchanger and to be provided with the supercooling heat exchanger, and between first heat exchanger and supercooling heat exchanger, append to be provided with and make cold-producing medium be decompressed to first expansion mechanism below the critical pressure.In addition, when second heat exchanger works as gas cooler, refrigerant outlet side at second heat exchanger is connected with the supercooling heat exchanger, appends to be provided with between second heat exchanger and supercooling heat exchanger to make cold-producing medium be decompressed to second expansion mechanism below the critical pressure.
Therefore, for example when refrigerating operaton, can adjust intermediate pressure, when heating operation, can adjust intermediate pressure by the aperture of controlling the 3rd expansion mechanism by the aperture of controlling first expansion mechanism.Therefore, can in outdoor supercooling heat exchanger (when for example freezing) or indoor supercooling heat exchanger (when for example heating), accumulate liquid refrigerant, refrigerant amount is adjusted, high voltage control can be become optimum value.
The refrigerating plant of the 6th invention is in the refrigerating plant of the 5th invention, also comprises the cold-information deriving means.Cross the mistake cold-information that the cold-information deriving means can obtain to calculate the degree of supercooling of the cold-producing medium in the supercooling heat exchanger.Control part calculates degree of supercooling based on crossing cold-information.First control or second control are based on that degree of supercooling carries out.
In the present invention, also comprise the mistake cold-information deriving means that can obtain cold-information, control part carries out first control or second control based on the degree of supercooling that calculates according to the mistake cold-information.Therefore, can to first expansion mechanism and second expansion mechanism controls so that the cold-producing medium in the supercooling heat exchanger is in supercooled state, can be controlled to the cold-producing medium that makes in the supercooling heat exchanger becomes liquid refrigerant.Therefore, can adjust refrigerant amount.
The refrigerating plant of the 7th invention is the refrigerating plant of a kind of utilization cold-producing medium of working in supercritical range, comprising: heat source unit, utilize unit and control part.Heat source unit has: compressor, heat source side heat exchanger, first expansion mechanism, heat source side secondary unit, second expansion mechanism and switching mechanism.Compressor compresses cold-producing medium.The heat source side heat exchanger makes cold-producing medium and first fluid carry out heat exchange.First expansion mechanism can make the cold-producing medium decompression.The heat source side secondary unit makes cold-producing medium carry out heat exchange.Second expansion mechanism can make the cold-producing medium decompression.Switching mechanism can switch between first state and second state.First state is meant that the cold-producing medium that carries out after the heat exchange flows into compressor and flowed into the state of heat source side heat exchanger by the cold-producing medium after the compressor compression in utilizing the side heat exchanger.Second state is meant that the cold-producing medium that carries out after the heat exchange flows into compressor and flowed into the state that utilizes the side heat exchanger by the cold-producing medium after the compressor compression in the heat source side heat exchanger.
Utilize the unit to have: to utilize side heat exchanger, the 3rd expansion mechanism and utilize the side secondary unit.Utilize the side heat exchanger to make cold-producing medium carry out heat exchange.The 3rd expansion mechanism can make the cold-producing medium decompression.Utilize the side secondary unit to make cold-producing medium carry out heat exchange.Control part carries out first control, second control and the 3rd control.First control is meant when the temperature that is in first state and first fluid at switching mechanism does not reach the critical-temperature of cold-producing medium, the heat source side secondary unit is worked as subcooler, and first expansion mechanism and second expansion mechanism adjusted, so that liquid refrigerant accumulates in the control in the heat source side secondary unit.Second control is meant that the temperature that is in first state and first fluid at switching mechanism is that the critical-temperature of cold-producing medium is when above, make and utilize the side secondary unit to work as subcooler, and second expansion mechanism and the 3rd expansion mechanism adjusted, so that liquid refrigerant accumulates in the control that utilizes in the side secondary unit.The 3rd control is meant when switching mechanism is in second state, make and utilize the side secondary unit to work as subcooler, and second expansion mechanism and the 3rd expansion mechanism adjusted, so that liquid refrigerant accumulates in the control that utilizes in the side secondary unit.
In the present invention, heat source unit also has the switching mechanism (for example four-way switching valve) that can switch between first state and second state.When refrigerating operaton (for example) controlled first expansion mechanism and second expansion mechanism when control part was in first state at switching mechanism, and when heating operation (for example) controlled second expansion mechanism and the 3rd expansion mechanism when switching mechanism is in second state.For example when outside gas temperature in the refrigerating operaton be that the critical-temperature of cold-producing medium is when above, control part carries out the 3rd control to second expansion mechanism and the 3rd expansion mechanism, so that liquid refrigerant does not accumulate in the heat source side supercooling heat exchanger, utilize in the side supercooling heat exchanger but accumulate in.
Therefore, control part can be adjusted intermediate pressure by controlling first expansion mechanism when refrigerating operaton, adjust intermediate pressure by controlling the 3rd expansion mechanism when heating operation.Control part can be adjusted the amount of the liquid refrigerant in the heat source side supercooling heat exchanger when refrigerating operaton by control second expansion mechanism, when heating operation the amount of utilizing the liquid refrigerant in the side supercooling heat exchanger is adjusted.In case the cold-producing medium postcritical just can become supercriticality, be difficult to refrigerant amount is controlled.Therefore, be critical-temperature when above in the temperature of first fluid, in heat source side supercooling heat exchanger, be not easy to accumulate cold-producing medium.In addition, owing to utilize the side heat exchanger to work as evaporimeter, therefore second fluid is usually for below the critical-temperature.Therefore, second expansion mechanism and the 3rd expansion mechanism are carried out the 3rd control, can in utilizing side supercooling heat exchanger, accumulate liquid refrigerant by control part.
The refrigerating plant of the 8th invention is that heat source unit also has heat source side and crosses the cold-information deriving means in the refrigerating plant of the 7th invention.Heat source side is crossed first degree of supercooling that the cold-information deriving means can detect the heat source side secondary unit.Utilize the unit also to have the side of utilization and cross the cold-information deriving means.Utilize side to cross the cold-information deriving means and can detect second degree of supercooling of utilizing the side secondary unit.First control is based on that first degree of supercooling carries out.Second control and the 3rd is controlled and to be based on that second degree of supercooling carries out.
In the present invention, in order to detect degree of supercooling, heat source unit also has the second inlet pressure checkout gear and the second outlet temperature checkout gear in the gateway of the cold-producing medium of heat source side supercooling heat exchanger.Utilize these checkout gears, can obtain intermediate pressure i.e. second inlet pressure and second outlet temperature.
Therefore, control part can calculate degree of supercooling based on these second inlet pressures and second outlet temperature.Therefore, control part can accumulate liquid refrigerant based on degree of supercooling in the first supercooling heat exchanger, refrigerant amount is adjusted.
The refrigerating plant of the 9th invention is that heat source side is crossed the cold-information deriving means and comprised: first inlet temperature sensor and first outlet temperature sensor in the refrigerating plant of the 8th invention.First inlet temperature sensor can detect the refrigerant inlet temperature of heat source side secondary unit.First outlet temperature sensor is first outlet temperature sensor that can detect the refrigerant outlet temperature of heat source side secondary unit.
In the present invention, utilize first inlet temperature sensor and first outlet temperature sensor to cross the cold-information deriving means in the gateway of the cold-producing medium of heat source side secondary unit as heat source side.Therefore, can utilize first inlet temperature sensor to detect the saturated solution temperature of cold-producing medium, and can calculate first degree of supercooling based on this saturated solution temperature with by the detected refrigerant outlet temperature of first outlet temperature sensor.
The refrigerating plant of the tenth invention is in the refrigerating plant of the 8th invention or the 9th invention, utilizes side to cross the cold-information deriving means and comprises: second inlet temperature sensor and second outlet temperature sensor.Second inlet temperature sensor can detect the refrigerant inlet temperature of utilizing the side secondary unit.Second outlet temperature sensor can detect the refrigerant outlet temperature of utilizing the side secondary unit.
In the present invention, utilize second inlet temperature sensor and second outlet temperature sensor as utilizing side to cross the cold-information deriving means in the gateway of the cold-producing medium that utilizes the side secondary unit.Therefore, can utilize second inlet temperature sensor to detect the saturated solution temperature of cold-producing medium, and can calculate second degree of supercooling based on this saturated solution temperature with by the detected refrigerant outlet temperature of second outlet temperature sensor.
The refrigerating plant of the 11 invention is to invent to any refrigerating plant of the tenth invention first, and cold-producing medium is a carbon dioxide coolant.
In the present invention, the cold-producing medium utilization is carbon dioxide coolant.Compare with in the past cold-producing medium, for example fluorocarbon refrigerants etc., the terrestrial climate of the carbon dioxide coolant coefficient that warms is 1, is the fluorocarbon refrigerants of hundreds of to about ten thousand far below the terrestrial climate coefficient that warms.
By utilizing the little carbon dioxide coolant of environmental loads, can suppress earth environment and worsen.
The invention effect
In the refrigerating plant of first invention, can control the aperture of first expansion mechanism, and adjust intermediate pressure.Therefore, can in the supercooling heat exchanger, accumulate liquid refrigerant, and refrigerant amount is adjusted.Thus, high voltage control can be become optimum value, and move efficiently.
In the refrigerating plant of second invention, can to first expansion mechanism and second expansion mechanism controls so that the cold-producing medium in the supercooling heat exchanger is in supercooled state, and can be controlled to the cold-producing medium that makes in the supercooling heat exchanger and become liquid refrigerant.Therefore, can adjust refrigerant amount.
In the refrigerating plant of the 3rd invention, can calculate degree of supercooling according to the saturated solution temperature and the outlet temperature that obtain.
In the refrigerating plant of the 4th invention, can calculate the saturated solution temperature according to detected inlet pressure, and calculate degree of supercooling according to saturated solution temperature and outlet temperature.
In the refrigerating plant of the 5th invention, for example when refrigerating operaton, can adjust intermediate pressure by the aperture of controlling first expansion mechanism, in addition, when heating operation, can adjust intermediate pressure by the aperture of controlling the 3rd expansion mechanism.Therefore, can in outdoor supercooling heat exchanger (when for example freezing) or indoor supercooling heat exchanger (when for example heating), accumulate liquid refrigerant, refrigerant amount is adjusted, high voltage control can be become optimum value.
In the refrigerating plant of the 6th invention, can to first expansion mechanism and second expansion mechanism controls so that the cold-producing medium in the supercooling heat exchanger is in supercooled state, and can be controlled to the cold-producing medium that makes in the supercooling heat exchanger and become liquid refrigerant.Therefore, can adjust refrigerant amount.
In the refrigerating plant of the 7th invention, control part can be adjusted intermediate pressure by controlling first expansion mechanism when refrigerating operaton, adjust intermediate pressure by controlling the 3rd expansion mechanism when heating operation.Control part can be adjusted the amount of the liquid refrigerant in the heat source side supercooling heat exchanger when refrigerating operaton by control second expansion mechanism, when heating operation the amount of utilizing the liquid refrigerant in the side supercooling heat exchanger is adjusted.In case the cold-producing medium postcritical just can become supercriticality, be difficult to refrigerant amount is controlled.Therefore, when the temperature of first fluid is critical-temperature when above, in heat source side supercooling heat exchanger, be not easy to accumulate cold-producing medium.In addition, owing to utilize the side heat exchanger to work as evaporimeter, therefore second fluid is usually for below the critical-temperature.Therefore, second expansion mechanism and the 3rd expansion mechanism are carried out the 3rd control, can in utilizing side supercooling heat exchanger, accumulate liquid refrigerant by control part.
In the refrigerating plant of the 8th invention, control part can calculate degree of supercooling based on these second inlet pressures and second outlet temperature.Therefore, control part can accumulate liquid refrigerant based on degree of supercooling in the first supercooling heat exchanger, refrigerant amount is adjusted.
In the refrigerating plant of the 9th invention, can utilize first inlet temperature sensor to detect the saturated solution temperature of cold-producing medium, and can calculate first degree of supercooling according to this saturated solution temperature with by the detected refrigerant outlet temperature of first outlet temperature sensor.
In the refrigerating plant of the tenth invention, can utilize second inlet temperature sensor to detect the saturated solution temperature of cold-producing medium, and can calculate second degree of supercooling according to this saturated solution temperature with by the detected refrigerant outlet temperature of second outlet temperature sensor.
In the refrigerating plant of the 11 invention,, can suppress earth environment and worsen by utilizing the little carbon dioxide coolant of environmental loads.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the refrigerant loop figure of the related aircondition of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the p-h line chart of the double expansion kind of refrigeration cycle of utilizing carbon dioxide coolant of expression aircondition of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the refrigerant loop figure of the related aircondition of variation (1).
Fig. 4 is the refrigerant loop figure of the aircondition of the related refrigeration special use of variation (5).
Fig. 5 is the refrigerant loop figure of the aircondition of the related heating special use of variation (5).
Fig. 6 is the refrigerant loop figure of the related aircondition of variation (6).
(symbol description)
1,1a～1d aircondition
2,2a, 2b outdoor unit (heat source unit)
3,3a～3c, 3d indoor unit (utilizing the unit)
21 compressors
23 outdoor heat converters (first heat exchanger, heat source side heat exchanger)
24 outdoor supercooling heat exchangers (supercooling heat exchanger, heat source side secondary unit)
31,31a～31c indoor heat converter (second heat exchanger, utilize the side heat exchanger)
32, the indoor supercooling heat exchanger of 32a～32c (utilizing the side secondary unit)
The T1 first outdoor supercooling temperature sensor (first inlet temperature sensor)
The T2 second outdoor supercooling temperature sensor (first outlet temperature sensor)
The T1 first indoor supercooling temperature sensor (second inlet temperature sensor, second outlet temperature sensor)
The T2 second indoor supercooling temperature sensor (second inlet temperature sensor, second outlet temperature sensor)
V1 four-way switching valve (switching mechanism)
V2 first outdoor expansion valve (first expansion mechanism)
V3 second outdoor expansion valve (second expansion mechanism)
The indoor expansion valve of V6, V6a～V6c (the 3rd expansion mechanism)
The specific embodiment
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, the embodiment of aircondition of the present invention is described.
The structure of＜aircondition 〉
Fig. 1 is the summary construction diagram of the related aircondition of one embodiment of the present invention 1.Aircondition 1 be by carry out the double expansion kind of refrigeration cycle move to building etc. indoor freeze, heating device.In the present invention, the cold-producing medium utilization is carbon dioxide coolant as supercritical refrigerant.Aircondition 1 mainly comprises: the outdoor unit 2 as heat source unit, a connected conduct utilize the indoor unit 3 of unit and the cold-producing medium that outdoor unit 2 is connected with indoor unit 3 are communicated with pipe arrangement 4.Cold-producing medium is communicated with pipe arrangement 4 and comprises that liquid refrigerant is communicated with pipe arrangement 41 and gas refrigerant is communicated with pipe arrangement 42.That is, the refrigerant loop 10 of the aircondition 1 of present embodiment is connected by outdoor unit 2, indoor unit 3 and cold-producing medium connection pipe arrangement 4 and constitutes.
(1) outdoor unit
Outdoor unit 2 is arranged on the outdoor of building etc., is communicated with pipe arrangement 4 by cold-producing medium and is connected with indoor unit 3, formation refrigerant loop 10.
Below, the structure of outdoor unit 2 is described.Outdoor unit 2 mainly has the outside refrigerant loop 20 of a part that constitutes refrigerant loop 10.This outside refrigerant loop 20 mainly has: compressor 21, four-way switching valve V1, as the outdoor heat converter 23 of heat source side heat exchanger, as the first outdoor expansion valve V2 of expansion mechanism, the outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 as the supercooling heat exchanger of heat source side, the second outdoor expansion valve V3, hydraulic fluid side stop valve V4 and the gas side stop valve V5 as expansion mechanism.
Compressor 21 is the compressors that can change working capacity, in the present embodiment, is the positive displacement compressor that is driven by motor 22, and the rotating speed Rm of motor 22 is controlled by inverter.In the present embodiment, compressor 21 has only one, but is not limited thereto, and also can the compressor more than two be connected side by side according to connection number of indoor unit etc.
Four-way switching valve V1 is the valve for outdoor heat converter 23 being worked as gas cooler and evaporimeter and being provided with.Four-way switching valve V1 is connected with suction side, the discharge side of compressor 21, the gas refrigerant pipe arrangement 42 of outdoor heat converter 23, compressor 21.When outdoor heat converter 23 is worked as gas cooler, four-way switching valve V1 is connected the discharge side of compressor 21 with outdoor heat converter 23, and the suction side of compressor 21 is connected (state of the solid line among Fig. 1) with gas refrigerant connection pipe arrangement 42.Otherwise, when outdoor heat converter 23 is worked as evaporimeter, four-way switching valve V1 is connected the suction side of outdoor heat converter 23 with compressor 21, and the discharge side of compressor 21 is connected (state of the dotted line among Fig. 1) with gas refrigerant connection pipe arrangement 42.
Outdoor heat converter 23 is to can be used as the heat exchanger that gas cooler and evaporimeter work, and in the present embodiment, is that air is carried out finned fin tube type heat exchanger of intersecting of heat exchange as thermal source and cold-producing medium.One side of outdoor heat converter 23 is connected with four-way switching valve V1, and opposite side is connected with outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 by the first outdoor expansion valve V2.
The first outdoor expansion valve V2 is the electric expansion valve that is connected for the pressure of the cold-producing medium that flows in outside refrigerant loop 20 and flow etc. are regulated between outdoor heat converter 23 and the outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24.This first outdoor expansion valve V2 works as the first order expansion mechanism in the double expansion kind of refrigeration cycle when refrigerating operaton, opens fully when heating operation, makes cold-producing medium flow directly into outdoor heat converter 23.The first outdoor expansion valve V2 makes the cold-producing medium of high pressure P h reduce pressure into the following intermediate pressure Pm of critical pressure Pk when working as first order expansion mechanism.But when outside gas temperature in the refrigerating operaton is the critical-temperature of carbon dioxide coolant promptly more than 31 ℃ the time, the first outdoor expansion valve V2 opens fully.
Outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 is to can be used as the heat exchanger that subcooler and evaporimeter work, and in the present embodiment, is that air is carried out finned fin tube type heat exchanger of intersecting of heat exchange as thermal source and cold-producing medium.One side of outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 is connected with outdoor heat converter 23 by the first outdoor expansion valve V2, and opposite side is communicated with pipe arrangement 41 by the second outdoor expansion valve V3 with liquid refrigerant and is connected.But, when outside gas temperature in the refrigerating operaton be as the critical-temperature of carbon dioxide coolant more than 31 ℃ the time, outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 works as gas cooler equally with outdoor heat converter 23.
The second outdoor expansion valve V3 is the electric expansion valve that is connected with the hydraulic fluid side of outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 for the pressure of the cold-producing medium that flows in outside refrigerant loop 20 and flow etc. are regulated.No matter this first outdoor expansion valve V2 all works as the second level expansion mechanism in the double expansion kind of refrigeration cycle when refrigerating operaton or when heating operation, makes the cold-producing medium of intermediate pressure Pm reduce pressure into low pressure Pl.But, when outside gas temperature in the refrigerating operaton be as the critical-temperature of carbon dioxide coolant more than 31 ℃ the time, the second outdoor expansion valve V3 works as the first order expansion mechanism in the double expansion kind of refrigeration cycle, makes the cold-producing medium of high pressure P h reduce pressure into the following intermediate pressure Pm of critical pressure Pk.
In addition, outdoor unit 2 has the outdoor fan 25 as Air Blast fan, and this outdoor fan 25 is used for outdoor air is sucked in the unit, makes it carry out heat exchange with cold-producing medium in outdoor heat converter 23, afterwards with it towards outdoor discharge.This outdoor fan 25 is the fans that can change the air quantity of the air of supplying with towards outdoor heat converter 23, in the present embodiment, is the propeller fan etc. that is subjected to motor 26 drivings that formed by dc fan motor.
In addition, outdoor unit 2 is provided with various sensors.Between the outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 and the first outdoor expansion valve V2, be provided with the first outdoor supercooling temperature sensor T1 of the temperature that detects cold-producing medium.Between the outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 and the second outdoor expansion valve V3, be provided with the second outdoor supercooling temperature sensor T2 of the temperature that detects cold-producing medium.In the present embodiment, the first outdoor supercooling temperature sensor T1 and the second outdoor supercooling temperature sensor T2 are formed by thermistor.
In addition, outdoor unit 2 has outside control part 27, and 27 pairs of actions that constitute the each several part of outdoor unit 2 of this outside control part are controlled.Outside control part 27 has in order to control outdoor unit 2 converter circuit of the microcomputer that is provided with, memory, control motor 22 etc. etc., can carry out the exchange of control signal etc. by the indoor control part 35 of transmission line 51 and indoor unit 3 described later.That is, by outside control part 27, indoor control part 35 and the control part 5 that each control part transmission line 51 connected to one another constituted the operation control of carrying out aircondition 1 integral body.
Control part 5 connects into the detection signal that can receive various sensors (not shown), and connects into to wait according to these detection signals and control various device 21,25,33 and valve V1, V2, V3, V6.
(2) indoor unit
Indoor unit 3 is by hanging oneself inferior or hang over that indoor wall is first-class to be provided with in the indoor ceiling of imbedding building etc. or from ceiling.Indoor unit 3 is communicated with pipe arrangement 4 by cold-producing medium and is connected with outdoor unit 2, constitutes the part of refrigerant loop 10.
Below, the structure of indoor unit 3 is described.Indoor unit 3 mainly has the indoor refrigerant loop 30 of a part that constitutes refrigerant loop 10.This indoor refrigerant loop 30 mainly has: as the indoor heat converter 31 that utilizes the side heat exchanger, as the indoor expansion valve V6 of expansion mechanism and as the indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 that utilizes the subcooler of side.
Indoor heat converter 31 is the finned fin tube type heat exchangers of intersection that are made of heat-transfer pipe and many fins, is to work as the evaporimeter of cold-producing medium when refrigerating operaton and work as the gas cooler of cold-producing medium with the room air cooling, when the heating operation and with the heat exchanger of room air heating.
Indoor expansion valve V6 is the same with the first outdoor expansion valve V2, is the electric expansion valve that is connected with the hydraulic fluid side of indoor heat converter 31 for the pressure of the cold-producing medium that flows in indoor refrigerant loop 30 and flow etc. are regulated.This indoor expansion valve V6 opens when refrigerating operaton fully, makes cold-producing medium flow directly into indoor heat converter 31, works as the first order expansion mechanism in the double expansion kind of refrigeration cycle when heating operation.This indoor expansion valve V6 is the same with the first outdoor expansion valve V2, also makes the cold-producing medium of high pressure P h reduce pressure into intermediate pressure Pm when working as first order expansion mechanism.But, when outside gas temperature in the refrigerating operaton be as the critical-temperature of carbon dioxide coolant more than 31 ℃ the time, indoor expansion valve V6 works as the second level expansion mechanism in the double expansion kind of refrigeration cycle, makes the cold-producing medium of intermediate pressure Pm reduce pressure into low pressure Pl.
Indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 is to can be used as the heat exchanger that subcooler and evaporimeter work, and in the present embodiment, is that air is carried out finned fin tube type heat exchanger of intersecting of heat exchange as thermal source and cold-producing medium.One side of indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 is connected with indoor heat converter 31 by indoor expansion valve V6, and opposite side is communicated with pipe arrangement 41 with liquid refrigerant and is connected.But, when outside gas temperature in the refrigerating operaton be as the critical-temperature of carbon dioxide coolant more than 31 ℃ the time, indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 works as evaporimeter equally with indoor heat converter 31.
In addition, indoor unit 3 has the indoor fan 33 as Air Blast fan, and this indoor fan 33 sucks room air in the unit, make its in indoor heat converter 31 with cold-producing medium carry out heat exchange, afterwards with its as air supply towards indoor supply.Indoor fan 33 is the fans that can change towards the air quantity of the air of indoor heat converter 31, in the present embodiment, is the centrifugal fan that drives of the motor 34 that is subjected to be formed by dc fan motor and multiblade fan etc.
In addition, indoor unit 3 is provided with various sensors.Between indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 and indoor expansion valve V6, be provided with the first indoor supercooling temperature sensor T3 of the temperature that detects cold-producing medium.In addition, the liquid refrigerant at indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 is communicated with the second indoor supercooling temperature sensor T4 that pipe arrangement 41 sides are provided with the temperature that detects cold-producing medium.In the present embodiment, the first indoor supercooling temperature sensor T3 and the second indoor supercooling temperature sensor T4 are formed by thermistor.
In addition, indoor unit 3 comprises indoor control part 35, and 35 pairs of actions that constitute the each several part of indoor unit 3 of this indoor control part are controlled.Indoor control part 35 has in order to control indoor unit 3 microcomputer that is provided with and memory etc., the exchange of control signal etc. can be carried out with the remote controller that is used for operating separately indoor unit 3 (not shown) each other, the exchange etc. of control signal etc. can be carried out each other by transmission line 51 and outdoor unit 2.
(3) cold-producing medium is communicated with pipe arrangement
It is the refrigerant pipings that carry out site operation when the place being set in the building etc. aircondition 1 being set that cold-producing medium is communicated with pipe arrangement 4, according to the combination that place, outdoor unit 2 and indoor unit 3 are set etc. condition is set, uses refrigerant piping with all lengths and caliber.
The action of＜aircondition 〉
Below, the action of the aircondition 1 of present embodiment is described.
Operational mode as the aircondition 1 of present embodiment according to the refrigeration of indoor unit 3, the load of heating, has the refrigerating operaton of the refrigeration of carrying out indoor unit 3 and the heating operation that carries out the heating of indoor unit 3.Below, the action under each operational mode describes to aircondition 1.
(1) refrigerating operaton
At first, see figures.1.and.2 refrigerating operaton is described.During refrigerating operaton, in the outside of outdoor unit 2 refrigerant loop 20, four-way switching valve V1 is switched into the state shown in the solid line of Fig. 1, and outdoor heat converter 23 is worked as gas cooler, and indoor heat converter 31 is worked as evaporimeter.
When starting compressor 21, outdoor fan 25 and indoor fan 33 under the state of this refrigerant loop 10, the gas refrigerant of low pressure Pl is inhaled into compressor 21 and is compressed into the gas refrigerant of high pressure P h.Be compressed into the gas refrigerant inflow outdoor heat exchanger 23 of high pressure P h.At this moment, outdoor heat converter 23 works as gas cooler, emits heat towards supplying with the outdoor air that comes by outdoor fan 25, with refrigerant cools.Then, cold-producing medium is decompressed to the state of the intermediate pressure Pm below the critical pressure Pk of cold-producing medium from the state of high pressure P h by the first outdoor expansion valve V2.The cold-producing medium that is depressurized into intermediate pressure Pm becomes the cold-producing medium of gas-liquid two-phase state, flows into outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24.In outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24, cold-producing medium is further cooled into liquid refrigerant, becomes the supercooling state.In outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24, liquid refrigerant accumulates, and the amount of the liquid refrigerant in the outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 is controlled by the second outdoor expansion valve V3.This is accumulated in degree of supercooling that control that the liquid refrigerating dosage in the outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 carry out is based on cold-producing medium carries out, the degree of supercooling of cold-producing medium is according to being drawn by the first outdoor supercooling temperature sensor T1 and the detected temperature computation of the second outdoor supercooling temperature sensor T2.Herein, the cold-producing medium that becomes the supercooling state is decompressed near the suction pressure of compressor 21 by the second outdoor expansion valve V3, becomes the cold-producing medium of the gas-liquid two-phase state of low pressure Pl.
Then, the cold-producing medium of low pressure Pl is sent to indoor unit 3 via hydraulic fluid side stop valve V4 and liquid refrigerant connection pipe arrangement 41.The liquid refrigerant that is sent to the low pressure Pl of this indoor unit 3 carries out heat exchange with room air and evaporates in indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 and indoor heat converter 31, become the gas refrigerant of low pressure Pl.At this moment, indoor expansion valve V6 is in full open position.The gas refrigerant of low pressure Pl is communicated with pipe arrangement 42 via gas refrigerant and is sent to outdoor unit 2, is sucked by compressor 21 once more by gas side stop valve V5.
In addition, externally gas temperature reaches 31 ℃ (critical-temperatures of carbon dioxide coolant) when above, carries out the control different with above-mentioned occasion.Below this control is described.The first outdoor expansion valve V2 is opened fully, outdoor heat converter 23 and outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 are worked as gas cooler.In the second outdoor expansion valve V3, will be decompressed to intermediate pressure Pm below the critical pressure Pk by the cold-producing medium of the high pressure P h of outdoor heat converter 23 and outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 coolings.The cold-producing medium that is depressurized to intermediate pressure Pm is sent to indoor unit 3, is further cooled into liquid refrigerant in indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32, becomes supercooled state.In indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32, liquid refrigerant accumulates, and the amount of the liquid refrigerant in the indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 is controlled by indoor expansion valve V6.This is accumulated in degree of supercooling that control that the liquid refrigerating dosage in the indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 carry out is based on cold-producing medium carries out, the degree of supercooling of cold-producing medium is according to being drawn by the first indoor supercooling temperature sensor T3 and the detected temperature computation of the second indoor supercooling temperature sensor T4.The cold-producing medium that becomes supercooled state is decompressed near the suction pressure of compressor 21 by indoor expansion valve V6, becomes the cold-producing medium of the gas-liquid two-phase state of low pressure Pl.Then, the cold-producing medium of low pressure Pl carries out heat exchange with room air and evaporates in indoor heat converter 31, become the gas refrigerant of low pressure Pl.The gas refrigerant of low pressure Pl is communicated with pipe arrangement 42 via gas refrigerant and is sent to outdoor unit 2, is sucked by compressor 21 once more by gas side stop valve V5.
(2) heating operation
During heating operation, in the outside of outdoor unit 2 refrigerant loop 20, four-way switching valve V1 is switched into the state shown in the dotted line of Fig. 1, and outdoor heat converter 23 is worked as evaporimeter, and indoor heat converter 31 is worked as gas cooler.
When under the state of this refrigerant loop 10, starting compressor 21, outdoor fan 25 and indoor fan 33, the gas refrigerant of low pressure Pl is sucked by compressor 21 and is compressed into the gas refrigerant of high pressure P h, is sent to gas refrigerant via four-way switching valve V1, gas side stop valve V5 and is communicated with pipe arrangement 42.
Then, be sent to the gas refrigerant that gas refrigerant is communicated with the high pressure P h of pipe arrangement 42 and be sent to indoor unit 3.The gas refrigerant that is sent to the high pressure P h of this indoor unit 3 is sent to indoor heat converter 31.This cold-producing medium carries out heat exchange with room air in indoor heat converter 31, be cooled into the liquid refrigerant of high pressure P h, afterwards, when flowing through indoor expansion valve V6, is depressurized to intermediate pressure Pm corresponding to the valve opening of indoor expansion valve V6.
The cold-producing medium that is depressurized into intermediate pressure Pm becomes the cold-producing medium of gas-liquid two-phase state, flows into indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32.In indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32, cold-producing medium is further cooled into liquid refrigerant, becomes supercooled state.In indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32, liquid refrigerant accumulates, and the amount of the liquid refrigerant in the indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 is controlled by the second outdoor expansion valve V3.This is accumulated in degree of supercooling that control that the liquid refrigerating dosage in the indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 carry out is based on cold-producing medium carries out, the degree of supercooling of cold-producing medium is according to being drawn by the first indoor supercooling temperature sensor T3 and the detected temperature computation of the second indoor supercooling temperature sensor T4.
Then, the cold-producing medium that becomes supercooled state is communicated with pipe arrangement 41 via liquid refrigerant and is sent to outdoor unit 2.This cold-producing medium is via hydraulic fluid side stop valve V4, is decompressed near the suction pressure of compressor 21 by the second outdoor expansion valve V3, becomes the cold-producing medium of the gas-liquid two-phase state of low pressure Pl.The cold-producing medium that is depressurized into low pressure Pl carries out heat exchange with extraneous gas and evaporates in outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 and outdoor heat converter 23, become the gas refrigerant of low pressure Pl.At this moment, the first outdoor expansion valve V2 is in full open position.The gas refrigerant of low pressure Pl is sucked by compressor 21 once more via four-way switching valve V1.
＜double expansion kind of refrigeration cycle 〉
Fig. 2 utilizes p-h line chart (heat-entropy diagram) to represent kind of refrigeration cycle under the super critical condition.In the present invention, the cold-producing medium utilization is carbon dioxide coolant as supercritical refrigerant.In addition, adopted the double expansion kind of refrigeration cycle of using two expansion mechanisms to come minute two-stage to expand.As mentioned above, this refrigerant loop 10 mainly is made of compressor 21, outdoor heat converter 23, the first outdoor expansion valve V2, outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24, the second outdoor expansion valve V3, indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32, indoor expansion valve V6 and indoor heat converter 31.The state of the A among Fig. 2, B, C, D, E and F represent when the being refrigerating operaton cold-producing medium corresponding with each point among Fig. 1.The state of parenthesized A, B, E, F, G and the H among Fig. 2 represents when the being heating operation cold-producing medium corresponding with each point among Fig. 1.Below with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the double expansion of when following (extraneous gas temperature be the critical-temperature of carbon dioxide coolant) circulation describes during to refrigerating operaton.As for heating operation, can be by C being replaced to H, D being replaced to G, E is replaced to F, F is replaced to E describes.
In this refrigerant loop 10, cold-producing medium is compressed into HTHP Ph (A → B) by compressor 21.At this moment, the carbon dioxide as cold-producing medium becomes supercriticality from gas.So-called herein " supercriticality " is meant the state of material under the temperature and pressure more than the critical point K, is to have the diffusivity of gas and the deliquescent state of liquid simultaneously.So-called supercriticality is meant the right side that is positioned at critical-temperature thermoisopleth Tk and is positioned at the state of the cold-producing medium in the zone more than the critical pressure Pk in Fig. 2.When becoming supercriticality, the difference of gas phase and liquid phase disappears at cold-producing medium (material).So-called herein " gas phase " is meant the right side that is positioned at saturated vaporline Sv and is positioned at the state of the cold-producing medium in the following zone of critical pressure Pk.So-called " liquid phase " is meant the left side that is positioned at saturated liquidus S1 and is positioned at the state of cold-producing medium in zone in the left side of critical-temperature thermoisopleth Tk.The cold-producing medium that is compressed into the supercriticality of HTHP by compressor 21 is become outdoor heat converter 23 heat radiations of gas cooler, becomes the cold-producing medium (B → C) of cryogenic high pressure.At this moment, cold-producing medium is in supercriticality, therefore, is accompanied by sensible heat variation (variations in temperature) in the inside of outdoor heat converter 23 and carries out work.Then, the cold-producing medium in outdoor heat converter 23 after the heat radiation is expanded by opening because of the first outdoor expansion valve V2, the pressure (C → D) that reduces pressure from high pressure P h towards intermediate pressure Pm.Then, gone into outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 in that the state that keeps intermediate pressure Pm is dirty, be further cooled and become supercooled state (D → E) by the post-decompression cold-producing medium of the first outdoor expansion valve V2.The cold-producing medium that becomes supercooled state further expands in the second outdoor expansion valve V3 and becomes the cold-producing medium (E → F) of low pressure Pl.The cold-producing medium of low pressure Pl flows through liquid refrigerant and is communicated with pipe arrangement 41, absorbs heat and evaporation in indoor heat converter 31 and indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32, flows through gas refrigerant then and is communicated with pipe arrangement 42 and returns compressor 21 (F → A).
＜feature 〉
(1) in the present invention, outdoor unit 2 also has the four-way switching valve V1 that can switch between refrigerating operaton and heating operation.Control part 5 is controlled the first outdoor expansion valve V2 and the second outdoor expansion valve V3 when four-way switching valve V1 is the state (refrigerating operaton) of the solid line among Fig. 1, when four-way switching valve V1 is the state (heating operation) of the dotted line among Fig. 1 the second outdoor expansion valve V3 and indoor expansion valve V6 is controlled.In refrigerating operaton, externally gas temperature is that the critical-temperature of cold-producing medium is when above, 5 couples second outdoor expansion valve V3 of control part and indoor expansion valve V6 control, so that liquid refrigerant do not accumulate in the outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24, but accumulate in the indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32.
Therefore, control part 5 can be controlled the first outdoor expansion valve V2 and adjust intermediate pressure when refrigerating operaton, and controls indoor expansion valve V6 and adjust intermediate pressure when heating operation.In addition, control part 5 is by the control second outdoor expansion valve V3, can be when refrigerating operaton the amount of the liquid refrigerant of outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 be adjusted, and the amount to the liquid refrigerant of indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 is adjusted when heating operation.In case the cold-producing medium postcritical just can become supercriticality, be difficult to refrigerant amount is controlled.Therefore, when the extraneous gas temperature be as the critical-temperature of carbon dioxide coolant more than 31 ℃ the time, in outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24, be not easy to accumulate cold-producing medium.In addition, because indoor heat converter 31 works as evaporimeter, so room air usually is below 31 ℃ of critical-temperature as carbon dioxide coolant.Therefore, control by 5 couples second outdoor expansion valve V3 of control part and indoor expansion valve V6, can be at indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 inner product liquid storage cryogens.
(2) in the present invention, in order to detect degree of supercooling, outdoor unit 2 has the first outdoor supercooling temperature sensor T1 and the second outdoor supercooling temperature sensor T2 in the gateway of the cold-producing medium of outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24.Utilize these temperature sensors T1, T2, when outside gas temperature does not reach 31 ℃ in the refrigerating operaton, can obtain the outlet temperature of intermediate pressure Pm and outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24.In addition, in order to detect degree of supercooling, indoor unit 3 has the first indoor supercooling temperature sensor T3 and the second indoor supercooling temperature sensor T4 in the gateway of the cold-producing medium of indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32.Utilize these temperature sensors T3, T4,, can obtain the outlet temperature of intermediate pressure Pm and indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 when outside gas temperature in the refrigerating operaton is more than 31 ℃ the time and during heating operation.
Therefore, control part 5 can calculate degree of supercooling according to the outlet temperature of these intermediate pressures Pm and outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 or indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32.Therefore, control part 5 can be adjusted refrigerant amount based on degree of supercooling at outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 that works as the supercooling heat exchanger or indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 inner product liquid storage cryogens.
(3) in the present invention, the cold-producing medium utilization is carbon dioxide coolant.Compare with in the past cold-producing medium, for example fluorocarbon refrigerants etc., the terrestrial climate of the carbon dioxide coolant coefficient that warms is 1, is the fluorocarbon refrigerants of hundreds of to about ten thousand far below the terrestrial climate coefficient that warms.
By utilizing the little carbon dioxide coolant of environmental loads, can suppress earth environment and worsen.
＜variation 〉
(1) in the present embodiment, being connected with an indoor unit 3, so-called twin type aircondition 1 on an outdoor unit 2, but being not limited thereto, also can be the multi-connected air conditioner device 1a that is connected with a plurality of indoor units on an outdoor unit.For example image pattern 3 is such, is connected with three indoor unit 3a, 3b, 3c on an outdoor unit 2 side by side.Indoor unit 3a, the 3b of Fig. 3, the structure of 3c are on the number of each several part mark of the indoor unit 3 that illustrates in to present embodiment, with indoor unit 3a, 3b, 3c accordingly at the end of number mark a, b and c.For example, the indoor fan 33 of indoor unit 3 is corresponding with indoor fan 33a, 33b, the 33c of indoor unit 3a, 3b, 3c, and indoor unit 3 is identical structure with indoor unit 3a, 3b, 3c.In addition, being connected with three indoor unit 3a～3c in Fig. 3, but being not limited to three, also can be two, four, five etc.
Owing to be provided with a plurality of indoor unit 3a～3c, therefore can move according to each load at the different position of running load.Therefore, because of place when variant, compare during with an indoor unit, can move efficiently at running load.
(2) in the present embodiment, as expansion mechanism, being provided with the first outdoor expansion valve V2 in outdoor unit 2, being provided with indoor expansion valve V6 in indoor unit 3, but being not limited to these expansion valves, for example also can be decompressor etc.
(3) in the present embodiment, in order to calculate degree of supercooling, entrance and exit at outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 and indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 is respectively arranged with temperature sensor, but also pressure sensor can be set at the entrance side of cold-producing medium, and is not limited to temperature sensor.That is, the temperature sensor first indoor supercooling temperature sensor T3 of the close flow of refrigerant direction entrance side of the temperature sensor first outdoor supercooling temperature sensor T1 of the close flow of refrigerant direction entrance side of the outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 that works as subcooler when refrigerating operaton and the indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 that works as subcooler when heating operation also can be a pressure sensor.But, when the extraneous gas temperature when refrigerating operaton reaches more than 31 ℃, be that indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32 rather than outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 work as subcooler, therefore, must be temperature sensor near the first indoor supercooling temperature sensor T3 of flow of refrigerant direction outlet side this moment.Therefore, under the situation of present embodiment, only the first outdoor supercooling temperature sensor T1 can be changed to pressure sensor.
In addition, also can append and pressure sensor is set and uses with temperature sensor at the flow direction entrance side of the cold-producing medium of each supercooling heat exchanger 24,32.
(4) in the present embodiment, be to utilize outdoor air, but be not limited thereto, also can utilize water etc. as thermal source as thermal source.
(5) in the present embodiment, be in outdoor unit 2, to be provided with four-way switching valve V1, and can to carry out the aircondition 1 of refrigerating operaton and heating operation, but be not limited thereto, also but image pattern 4 or Fig. 5 are such, are aircondition 1b or the special-purpose aircondition 1c of heating that does not have the refrigeration special use of four-way switching valve.
In the aircondition 1b of the refrigeration special use of Fig. 4, the first outdoor expansion valve V2 and the second outdoor expansion valve V3 are controlled, in outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24, to accumulate liquid refrigerant.In addition, the aircondition 1b special-purpose with refrigeration is the same, in the aircondition 1c of the heating special use of Fig. 5, the first outdoor expansion valve V2 and the second outdoor expansion valve V3 is controlled, to accumulate liquid refrigerant in outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24.
(6) in the present embodiment, in outdoor unit 2, be provided with outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24, and in indoor unit 3, be provided with indoor supercooling heat exchanger 32, in refrigerant loop 10, have two equipment that work as the supercooling heat exchanger, but be not limited thereto, aircondition 1d that also can image pattern 6 is such, and the equipment that works as the supercooling heat exchanger is one.
In the aircondition 1d of Fig. 6, outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 only is arranged on the outdoor unit 2, and clip outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24 be provided with the first outdoor expansion valve V2 and the second outdoor expansion valve V3 with.In this aircondition 1d, no matter be when refrigerating operaton or when heating operation, all the first outdoor expansion valve V2 and the second outdoor expansion valve V3 are controlled, in outdoor supercooling heat exchanger 24, to accumulate liquid refrigerant.
Industrial utilizability
Aircondition of the present invention is adjusted by the internal circulating load to cold-producing medium, high voltage control can be become Optimum value, be applicable to utilize the supercritical refrigerant in overcritical territory, work, easily to overcritical system The aircondition that the internal circulating load of cryogen is adjusted etc.

Claims (11)

1. a refrigerating plant (1b), the cold-producing medium that this refrigerating plant (1b) utilization is worked in supercritical range is characterized in that, comprising:
Compressor (21), this compressor (21) compresses described cold-producing medium;
First heat exchanger (23), this first heat exchanger (23) is to being cooled off by the described cold-producing medium of the high pressure after the described compressor compresses;
First expansion mechanism (V2), this first expansion mechanism (V2) is decompressed to below the critical pressure described cold-producing medium;
Supercooling heat exchanger (24), this supercooling heat exchanger (24) is to being carried out supercooling by the post-decompression described cold-producing medium of described first expansion mechanism;
Second expansion mechanism (V3), this second expansion mechanism (V3) makes by the described cold-producing medium after the described supercooling cools down and is decompressed to low pressure;
Second heat exchanger (31), this second heat exchanger (31) is to being heated by the post-decompression described cold-producing medium of described second expansion mechanism; And
Control part (5), this control part (5) carry out first control, this first control be meant to described first expansion mechanism and described second expansion mechanism adjust, control in described supercooling heat exchanger, to accumulate the described cold-producing medium of liquid condition.
2. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 1 (1b) is characterized in that, also comprises the mistake cold-information deriving means that obtained cold-information, crosses the degree of supercooling that cold-information can calculate the described cold-producing medium in the described supercooling heat exchanger with described,
Described control part calculates described degree of supercooling based on the described cold-information of crossing,
Carry out described first control based on described degree of supercooling.
3. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 2 (1b), it is characterized in that the described cold-information deriving means of crossing is made of the inlet temperature sensor (T1) that can detect the refrigerant inlet temperature in described supercooling heat exchanger and the outlet temperature sensor (T2) that can detect the refrigerant outlet temperature.
4. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that the described cold-information deriving means of crossing is made of the outlet temperature sensor that can detect the inlet pressure transducer of refrigerant inlet pressure and can detect the refrigerant outlet temperature of described supercooling heat exchanger in described supercooling heat exchanger.
5. a refrigerating plant (1d), the cold-producing medium that this refrigerating plant (1d) utilization is worked in supercritical range is characterized in that, comprising:
Compressor (21), this compressor (21) compresses described cold-producing medium;
First heat exchanger (23), this first heat exchanger (23) makes described cold-producing medium carry out heat exchange;
First expansion mechanism (V2), this first expansion mechanism (V2) make described cold-producing medium decompression;
Supercooling heat exchanger (24), this supercooling heat exchanger (24) makes described cold-producing medium supercooling;
Second expansion mechanism (V3), this second expansion mechanism (V3) make described cold-producing medium decompression;
Second heat exchanger (31), this second heat exchanger (31) makes described cold-producing medium carry out heat exchange;
Switching mechanism (V1), this switching mechanism (V1) can switch between first state and second state, described first state is meant that the described cold-producing medium that evaporates flows into described compressor and flowed into the state of described first heat exchanger by the described cold-producing medium of described compressor compresses in described second heat exchanger, described second state is meant that the described cold-producing medium that evaporates flows into described compressor and flowed into the state of described second heat exchanger by the described cold-producing medium of described compressor compresses in described first heat exchanger; And
Control part (5), this control part (5) carries out first control and second control, described first control is meant when described switching mechanism is in described first state, make the described cold-producing medium of high pressure reduce pressure into intermediate pressure below the supercritical pressure with described first expansion mechanism, and make by the described cold-producing medium of the overcooled intermediate pressure of described supercooling heat exchanger with described second expansion mechanism and to reduce pressure into low pressure, the control of in described supercooling heat exchanger, accumulating the described cold-producing medium of liquid condition thus; Described second control is meant when described switching mechanism is in described second state, make the described cold-producing medium of high pressure reduce pressure into intermediate pressure below the supercritical pressure with described second expansion mechanism, and make by the described cold-producing medium of the overcooled intermediate pressure of described supercooling heat exchanger with described first expansion mechanism and to reduce pressure into low pressure, the control of in described supercooling heat exchanger, accumulating the described cold-producing medium of liquid condition thus.
6. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 5 (1d) is characterized in that, also comprises the mistake cold-information deriving means that obtained cold-information, crosses the degree of supercooling that cold-information can calculate the described cold-producing medium in the described supercooling heat exchanger with described,
Described control part calculates described degree of supercooling based on the described cold-information of crossing,
Carry out described first control or described second control based on described degree of supercooling.
7. a refrigerating plant (1), the cold-producing medium that this refrigerating plant (1) utilization is worked in supercritical range is characterized in that, comprising: heat source unit (2), utilize unit (3) and control part (5),
Described heat source unit (2) has: the compressor (21) that compresses described cold-producing medium, make described cold-producing medium and first fluid carry out the heat source side heat exchanger (23) of heat exchange, can make first expansion mechanism (V2) of described cold-producing medium decompression, make described cold-producing medium carry out the heat source side secondary unit (24) of heat exchange, can make second expansion mechanism (V3) of described cold-producing medium decompression, and switching mechanism (V1), this switching mechanism (V1) can switch between first state and second state, described first state is meant described and utilizes the described cold-producing medium after carrying out heat exchange in the side heat exchanger to flow into described compressor, and flowed into the state of described heat source side heat exchanger by the described cold-producing medium after the described compressor compresses, described second state is meant that the described cold-producing medium carry out heat exchange in described heat source side heat exchanger after flows into described compressor, and flowed into the described state that utilizes the side heat exchanger by the described cold-producing medium after the described compressor compresses
The described unit (3) that utilizes has: make described cold-producing medium carry out heat exchange utilize side heat exchanger (31), can make the 3rd expansion mechanism (V6) of described cold-producing medium decompression and make that described cold-producing medium carries out heat exchange utilize side secondary unit (32),
Described control part (5) carries out first control, second control and the 3rd control, described first control is meant when the temperature that is in described first state and described first fluid at described switching mechanism does not reach the critical-temperature of described cold-producing medium, described heat source side secondary unit is worked as subcooler, and described first expansion mechanism and described second expansion mechanism adjusted, so that the described cold-producing medium of liquid condition accumulates in the control in the described heat source side secondary unit; Described second control is meant that the temperature that is in described first state and described first fluid at described switching mechanism is that the critical-temperature of described cold-producing medium is when above, the described side secondary unit that utilizes is worked as subcooler, and described second expansion mechanism and described the 3rd expansion mechanism adjusted, so that the described cold-producing medium of liquid condition accumulates in the described control that utilizes in the side secondary unit; Described the 3rd control is meant when described switching mechanism is in described second state, the described side secondary unit that utilizes is worked as subcooler, and described second expansion mechanism and described the 3rd expansion mechanism adjusted, so that the described cold-producing medium of liquid condition accumulates in the described control that utilizes in the side secondary unit.
8. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 7 (1) is characterized in that,
Described heat source unit also has heat source side and crosses the cold-information deriving means, and this heat source side is crossed first degree of supercooling that the cold-information deriving means can detect described heat source side secondary unit,
Describedly utilize the unit also to have the side of utilization to cross the cold-information deriving means, this utilizes side to cross the cold-information deriving means can detect described second degree of supercooling of utilizing the side secondary unit,
Carry out described first control based on described first degree of supercooling,
Carry out described second control and described the 3rd control based on described second degree of supercooling.
9. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 8 (1), it is characterized in that described heat source side is crossed the cold-information deriving means and is made of first inlet temperature sensor (T1) that can detect the refrigerant inlet temperature in described heat source side secondary unit and first outlet temperature sensor (T2) that can detect the refrigerant outlet temperature of described heat source side secondary unit.
10. refrigerating plant (1) as claimed in claim 8 or 9, it is characterized in that, described utilize side cross the cold-information deriving means by described utilize second inlet temperature sensor that can detect the refrigerant inlet temperature in the side secondary unit and can detect described second outlet temperature sensor of the refrigerant outlet temperature of side secondary unit that utilizes constitute.
11., it is characterized in that described cold-producing medium is a carbon dioxide coolant as each described refrigerating plant (1) in the claim 1 to 10.
CNA2007800409420A 2006-11-13 2007-11-07 Air conditioning apparatus Pending CN101535737A (en)

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JP5055965B2 (en) 2012-10-24

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