CN101533907A - Method for preparing silicon-based anode material of lithium-ion battery - Google Patents
Method for preparing silicon-based anode material of lithium-ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN101533907A CN101533907A CN200910082125A CN200910082125A CN101533907A CN 101533907 A CN101533907 A CN 101533907A CN 200910082125 A CN200910082125 A CN 200910082125A CN 200910082125 A CN200910082125 A CN 200910082125A CN 101533907 A CN101533907 A CN 101533907A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a silicon-based anode material of a lithium-ion battery, belonging to the field of lithium-ion battery. Silicon oxide and Mg powder are weighed and matched, the adding amount of the magnesium powder and the silicon oxide is calculated according to the Mg/O atomic ratio of 0.1:1-1.3:1, the magnesium powder and the silicon oxide are evenly mixed and placed in flowing nitrogen or argon and other inert atmospheres, the needed temperature of 500-1000 DEG C is achieved by the temperature increase rate of 1-30 DEG C/min, and the temperature is kept for 0.5-6 hours. Then, the mixture is cooled to room temperature by program in a temperature-controlling manner or by power-off in a natural manner. Or the silicon oxide, the Mg and balls are weighed and matched, the mixture is arranged in a ball mill, the high energy ball milling is carried out under the inert atmosphere, the ratio of the balls to materials is 1:1-50:1, the rotational speed is 100-3000 turns, and the ball milling time is 0.5-100 hours. The method has the advantages of low material cost, simple process, less time consumption, high yield and good capacity and circulating performance of products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, a kind of preparation method who is used for silicon-based anode material of lithium-ion battery is provided.
Background technology
Mobile communication, laptop computer and digital vedio recording are three industries with fastest developing speed in the current global electronic information industry, along with developing rapidly of these industries, as the lithium ion battery of one of these three main accessories of leading products, undoubtedly also become a rising industry that has future.Compare with traditional Ni/Cd, Ni/MH battery, advantages such as lithium ion battery has energy density height, operating voltage height, load characteristic is good, charging rate is fast, safety non-pollution are a kind of secondary cells with fastest developing speed at present, that market prospects are the brightest.
Adopt lithium transition-metal oxide/graphite system in the present business-like lithium ion battery mostly, but limited by the theoretical lithium storage content of this system electrode itself (as graphite, 372mAh/g, 855mAh/cm
3), improve battery performance by the improvement battery preparation technique merely and be difficult to make a breakthrough, for satisfying the demand of high-capacity lithium ion cell, research and development height ratio capacity lithium ion battery electrode material is very urgent and necessary.
In the research of anticathode material, it is found that some alloy cpd may become the research new approaches of lithium ion battery negative material.All have higher lithium storage content as Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Al, Ga, Sb etc., therefore, alloy material becomes the candidate target of new type lithium ion battery negative material.But alloy material has a very big shortcoming, in charge and discharge process, can be attended by very large change in volume, this huge change in volume easily causes the material efflorescence, make some particle lose contact each other, even come off from electrode matrix, finally cause electrode capacity to reduce the lost of life.In order to improve and to improve the life-span of alloy material of cathode, the change in volume that the mitigation lithium takes off in the embedding process is a key point.One of them feasible solution be exactly can with the metal of lithium height chemical combination in introduce the component of the relatively poor or even inertia of relative activity, serve as buffering " matrix " cushioning the change in volume of electrode in the charge and discharge process, thereby keep the structural stability of material.
The theoretical lithium storage content of Si is 4200mAh/g, approach carbon negative pole material ten times.Yet the negative pole by pure Si powder constituent will be followed bigger change in volume in the removal lithium embedded process, thereby influence the cyclical stability of electrode.Studies show that can the volumetric expansion of buffer Si powder in the removal lithium embedded process with the composite electrode of Si and inert base composition.The source of inert base, kind, character, and the correlation of inert base and Si had a strong impact on the chemical property of silicon based composite material, as specific capacity, cycle performance and high rate performance.With low cost in view of silicon; specific capacity is high; therefore, research and develop that a kind of production cost is low, technology is simple, productive rate is high, be convenient to the synthetic method of silicon-based anode material of large-scale production for promoting the practical application of silicon-based anode material in lithium ion battery to have crucial meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of silicon-based anode material of lithium-ion battery.Realized that production cost is low, technology is simple, the process characteristic that productive rate is high; The uniform particles of synthetic silicon-based anode material powder is tiny, specific capacity height, stable cycle performance.
The present invention adopts magnesium reduction process synthesis of silica-base anode material, utilizes the oxide of magnesium powder as reducing agent reduction silicon, preparation silicon/magnesium oxide anode material, and concrete preparation technology is as follows:
The oxide powder of micron order, submicron order or nanoscale magnesium powder and silicon is carried out the weighing proportioning, and the addition of the oxide of magnesium powder and silicon is calculated according to Mg/O atomic ratio 0.1:1～1.3:1.
Adopt mechanical dry to mix or after the method for wet mixing mixes it, place inert atmospheres such as flowing nitrogen or argon gas, reach temperature required 500～1000 ℃, be incubated 0.5～6 hour, be cooled to room temperature then with the heating rate of 1～30 ℃/min.Perhaps adopt high-energy ball milling method directly to produce the Si/MgO anode material, ratio of grinding media to material 1:1～50:1,100～3000 rev/mins of rotating speeds, 0.5～100 hour ball milling time.
The oxide of described silicon is SiO or SiO
2
According to calculation of thermodynamics, some oxides of silicon can be reduced at normal temperatures by magnesium metal.Consider that from the dynamics angle reaction need be carried out at a certain temperature.Because the oxide of silicon generates elemental silicon after by magnesium-reduced, magnesium then is oxidized to magnesium oxide, magnesium oxide can prevent the volumetric expansion of elemental silicon in the removal lithium embedded process effectively, prevents the reunion of elemental silicon in course of reaction simultaneously, thereby can obtain good cyclical stability.
The invention has the advantages that: cost of material is low, technical process is simple, and has good electrochemical, and specific discharge capacity is up to 1350mAh/g, and stable cycle performance still can obtain the reversible specific capacity of 1000mAh/g in 5 circulations.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the XRD figure of the synthetic Si/MgO anode material of magnesiothermic reduction of the present invention.SiO
2With the molar ratio of Mg be 1:2, with SiO
2Mix the back calcining with Mg and obtain, 5 ℃/min of heating rate, synthesis temperature are 700 ℃, temperature retention time 2 hours.
Fig. 2 is the XRD figure of the synthetic Si/MgO anode material of magnesiothermic reduction of the present invention.SiO
2With the molar ratio of Mg be 1:2, with SiO
2Obtain ratio of grinding media to material 20:1,500 rev/mins of rotating speeds, 2 hours ball milling time with the Mg high-energy ball milling method.
Fig. 3 is the specific capacity-cycle-index curve of the synthetic Si/MgO anode material of magnesiothermic reduction of the present invention.SiO
2, Mg molar ratio be 1:2, with SiO
2Mix the back calcining with Mg and obtain, 5 ℃/min of heating rate, synthesis temperature are 700 ℃, temperature retention time 2 hours.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
With SiO
2(〉=98.5%) and Mg (〉 99.0%) be initial feed, 1:2 prepares burden in molar ratio, after mixture is mixed, place that the heating rate with 5 ℃/min is elevated to 700 ℃ under the mobile argon gas atmosphere, be incubated 2 hours, outage naturally cools to room temperature then.The XRD material phase analysis result (shown in Figure 1) of gained sample shows that synthetic product is Si, MgO and a spot of Mg
2Si and MgSiO
3, Mg
2SiO
4, do not have the existence of other oxide impurity phases.
Synthetic product, conductive agent acetylene black, binding agent PVDF are pressed mass ratio 75:15:15 to be mixed, add an amount of NMP and make slurry, evenly be applied on the Copper Foil, cut into circular pole piece after the oven dry, form Experimental cell with lithium metal and carry out the constant current charge-discharge experiment, charging and discharging currents is 100mA/g, and the charging/discharging voltage scope is controlled between the 0.01-1.5V.The first discharge specific capacity of the Si/MgO composite negative pole material of preparation is about 1350mAh/g, and the charge ratio capacity is 1050mAh/g, and the charge ratio capacity of preceding 5 circulations as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 2:
With SiO
2(〉=98.5%) and Mg (〉 99.0%) be initial feed, 1:2 prepares burden in molar ratio, and mixture is put into ball grinder, and the mass ratio 20:1 of ball and mixture carried out high-energy ball milling 2 hours under inert atmosphere, 500 rev/mins of rotating speeds.The XRD material phase analysis result (shown in Figure 2) of gained sample shows that synthetic product is mainly Si, MgO.
Synthetic product, conductive agent acetylene black, binding agent PVDF are pressed mass ratio 75:15:15 to be mixed, add an amount of NMP and make slurry, evenly be applied on the Copper Foil, cut into circular pole piece after the oven dry, form Experimental cell with lithium metal and carry out the constant current charge-discharge experiment, charging and discharging currents is 100mA/g, and the charging/discharging voltage scope is controlled between the 0.01-1.5V.The first discharge specific capacity of the Si/MgO composite negative pole material of preparation is 1300mAh/g, and the charge ratio capacity is 1100mAh/g.
Embodiment 3:
With SiO
2(〉=98.5%) and Mg (〉 99.0%) be initial feed, 1:2 prepares burden in molar ratio, after mixture is mixed, place that the heating rate with 1 ℃/min is elevated to 650 ℃ under the mobile argon gas atmosphere, be incubated 4 hours, outage naturally cools to room temperature then.
Synthetic product, conductive agent acetylene black, binding agent PVDF are pressed mass ratio 75:15:15 to be mixed, add an amount of NMP and make slurry, evenly be applied on the Copper Foil, cut into circular pole piece after the oven dry, form Experimental cell with lithium metal and carry out the constant current charge-discharge experiment, charging and discharging currents is 100mA/g, and the charging/discharging voltage scope is controlled between the 0.01-1.5V.The first discharge specific capacity of the Si/MgO composite negative pole material of preparation is about 1290mAh/g, and the initial charge specific capacity is 980mAh/g.
Embodiment 4:
With SiO
2(〉=98.5%) and Mg (〉 99.0%) be initial feed, 1:2 prepares burden in molar ratio, and mixture is put into ball grinder, and the mass ratio 5:1 of ball and mixture carried out high-energy ball milling 4 hours under inert atmosphere, 1000 rev/mins of rotating speeds.
Synthetic product, conductive agent acetylene black, binding agent PVDF are pressed mass ratio 75:15:15 to be mixed, add an amount of NMP and make slurry, evenly be applied on the Copper Foil, cut into circular pole piece after the oven dry, form Experimental cell with lithium metal and carry out the constant current charge-discharge experiment, charging and discharging currents is 100mA/g, and the charging/discharging voltage scope is controlled between the 0.01-1.5V.The first discharge specific capacity of the Si/MgO composite negative pole material of preparation is about 1340mAh/g, and the initial charge specific capacity is 1060mAh/g
Embodiment 5:
With SiO
2(〉=98.5%) and Mg (〉 99.0%) be initial feed, 1:2 prepares burden in molar ratio, after mixture is mixed, places that the heating rate with 2 ℃/min is elevated to 900 ℃ under the mobile argon gas atmosphere, is incubated at 4 o'clock, and outage naturally cools to room temperature then.
Synthetic product, conductive agent acetylene black, binding agent PVDF are pressed mass ratio 75:15:15 to be mixed, add an amount of NMP and make slurry, evenly be applied on the Copper Foil, cut into circular pole piece after the oven dry, form Experimental cell with lithium metal and carry out the constant current charge-discharge experiment, charging and discharging currents is 100mA/g, and the charging/discharging voltage scope is controlled between the 0.01-1.5V.The first discharge specific capacity of the Si/MgO anode material of preparation is about 1300mAh/g, and the charge ratio capacity is 1010mAh/g.
Embodiment 6:
With SiO
2(〉=98.5%) and Mg (〉 99.0%) be initial feed, 1:1.6 prepares burden in molar ratio, after mixture is mixed, place that the heating rate with 5 ℃/min is elevated to 700 ℃ under the mobile argon gas atmosphere, be incubated at 2 o'clock, outage naturally cools to room temperature then.
Synthetic product, conductive agent acetylene black, binding agent PVDF are pressed mass ratio 75:15:15 to be mixed, add an amount of NMP and make slurry, evenly be applied on the Copper Foil, cut into circular pole piece after the oven dry, form Experimental cell with lithium metal and carry out the constant current charge-discharge experiment, charging and discharging currents is 100mA/g, and the charging/discharging voltage scope is controlled between the 0.01-1.5V.The first discharge specific capacity of the Si/MgO anode material of preparation is about 1210mAh/g, and the charge ratio capacity is 940mAh/g.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of preparation method of silicon-based anode material of lithium-ion battery, it is characterized in that, preparation process is as follows: with micron order, the oxide powder of submicron order or nanoscale magnesium powder and silicon carries out the weighing proportioning, the addition of the oxide of magnesium powder and silicon is calculated according to Mg/O atomic ratio 0.1:1～1.3:1, after adopting mechanical dry method mixed or wet mixing that it is mixed, place inert atmospheres such as flowing nitrogen or argon gas, heating rate with 1～30 ℃/min reaches temperature required 500～1000 ℃, be incubated 0.5～6 hour, be cooled to room temperature then, perhaps adopt high-energy ball milling method directly to produce the Si/MgO anode material, ratio of grinding media to material 1:1～50:1,100～3000 rev/mins of rotating speeds, 0.5～100 hour ball milling time.
2, preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the oxide of described silicon is SiO or SiO
2
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| CN114074942A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-22 | 青岛科技大学 | Method for preparing simple substance silicon by using joule heat |
| CN114373915A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-19 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | Silicon monoxide negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114373915B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2024-02-02 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | Silicon oxide negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115954558A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-04-11 | 蚌埠学院 | Aqueous ion secondary battery |
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