CN101533035A - Method for observing estuary seacoast near-bottom water and sediment under high turbidity environment - Google Patents
Method for observing estuary seacoast near-bottom water and sediment under high turbidity environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for observing estuary seacoast near-bottom water and sediment under high turbidity environment, comprising the following steps of: firstly building an observing system which consists of a bracket, an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADP), an pulse coupled acoustic Doppler current profiler (PC-ADP), an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV-Ocean), an optical back scattering turbidimeter (OBS) and a wave tide meter (SBE-26), wherein, the ADP, the PC-ADP, the ADV-Ocean, the OBS and the wave tide meter (SBE-26) are arranged on the bracket; the water depth, the efficient wave height, the near-bottom salinity and sediment concentration, as well as the near-bottom flow speed and flow direction of the near-bottom water and sediment process are observed by the steps of modulating instrument, laying observation system, acquiring data, processing data, etc. The invention can effectively acquire the near-bottom water and sediment data which has the advantages of stability, continuity and high resolving capability; and the invention has convenient operation, can realize automatic observation and automatic memory, and is applicable to the observation under the extreme weather condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hydrologic observation technical field, specifically a kind of observation procedure that is used for the husky process of nearly bottom water under the estuary coast ultra body environment.
Background technology
The water layer that water flow structure is influenced by bottom obviously is called as nearly base interlayer.As the aspect of water body and bottom direct interaction, often be accompanied by particle, chemical substance and organic frequent exchange between the two.With regard to silt, erosion, defeated moving with deposition process also mainly occur in the interlayer of nearly base.These processes directly affect defeated the moving and benthic fauna of stability, material of bed surface.Therefore the nearly base of estuary coast and continental platform interlayer is thalassographer, coastal engineering scholar and environmentalist's a focus always.
The observation of nearly base interlayer is the difficult point in the research always under the natural conditions.Conventional hydrologic observation method generally adopts boat-carrying Doppler flow velocity section plotter measurement flow rate.But Doppler's flow velocity section plotter is difficult to obtain real water flow data of the nearly end disturbing strongly near bottom place signal, can only obtain time bottom data; Secondly, it is thicker that Doppler's flow velocity section plotter is measured layering, do not satisfy the accuracy requirement of nearly dolly line; Once more, because equipment carrier survey ship can be with water movement, the data that often record are not same places.Conventional hydrologic observation method generally adopts " 6 methods " water intaking, and the method for in office analysis is measured silt content.This method complex operation, continuity is bad; Secondly, because device for fetching water from bottom hung fish lead, water body can only be a time bottom water body bottom in fact device for fetching water from was got, and was difficult to get real bottom water body.Have the design bottom anchorage system to observe the water-sediment movement of the nearly end in the foreign study, but its at observing environment be generally limpid relatively river mouth of water body and zone, continental platform.And under high turbidity environment, pertinent instruments is measured and is handled and all can encounter a difficulty, and must design observation device voluntarily and probe into disposal route at high turbidity environment.
Goal of the invention
A kind of estuary seacoast near-bottom water and sediment under high turbidity environment observation procedure of providing at the deficiencies in the prior art is provided, this method has overcome data such as bottom water body silt content, current and has been difficult to the difficult problem observing and obtain, for researchs such as the nearly base of current interlayer, bottom stability and nearly bed mud sand under the natural water condition transport provide new technical support.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of estuary seacoast near-bottom water and sediment under high turbidity environment observation procedure, it comprises following concrete steps:
A, establishment recording geometry
Recording geometry comprises: Doppler's acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (ADP), pulse coupled mode Doppler acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (PC-ADP), Doppler put current meter (ADV-Ocean), optics back scattering turbidimeter (OBS), tide instrument (SBE-26) and support.Support is positive terrace with edge shape, and height overall 2～3m is divided into three layers, ground floor four length of sides 0.5～0.8m, and four jiaos are provided with annulus; The second layer is apart from the end 1.5～2m, and four length of sides, 0.8～1.2m, this layer set up scale board and fix a downward steel pipe; Orlop is a base, the length of side 2.5～3m, and base four angle lower process are also cylinder iron made, and are convenient to fix in the riverbed, lay scale board with holes between the angle; Wherein: Doppler's acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (ADP) is located on the second layer scale board and probe makes progress, and is used to measure the high-resolution velocity field in the nearly end; Pulse coupled mode Doppler acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (PC-ADP) is located on the second layer scale board and pops one's head in downwards, is used to measure the high-resolution velocity field in the nearly end; Doppler puts current meter (ADV-Ocean) and is located at the bottom of the downward steel pipe of the second layer and probe downwards, is used to measure high-precision flow velocity process in the nearly end and turbulent fluctuation process; Optics back scattering turbidimeter (OBS) is several and is fixed on the support side column that this instrument utilizes optical infrared back scattering principle to obtain suspension turbidity in the water body; Tide instrument (SBE-26) is arranged on frame bottom, measures wave and tidal height.
B, instrument testing setting
According to observation place and characteristics the instrument on the recording geometry is debugged setting, all adopt from the molar formula.
C, lay recording geometry
At a pin fixing tightwire of support, cable wire one end links to each other with buoy, utilizes on the ship loop wheel machine that support is sling in the observation place, steadily is placed on the riverbed face.
D, observe, image data
Instrument on the recording geometry is in running order, recording storage real-time monitored data.
E, recording geometry reclaim
During recovery, the buoy of at first slinging has dragged recording geometry then.
F, data processing
Instrument is stopped, and data derive; The utilization scene is adopted suspension bed sediment of the nearly end optics back scattering turbidimeter (OBS) turbidity value is demarcated, and in demarcation, demarcates according to different sediment concentration segmentations, obtains silt content; The The data of pulse coupled mode Doppler acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (PC-ADP) is handled at the poster processing soft of high flow condition exploitation, obtains corresponding depth flow velocity of the nearly end; Doppler's acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (ADP) handle each degree of depth flow velocity on the vertical line; Tide instrument (SBE-26) handle the depth of water and wave data.
Doppler's acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (ADP), pulse coupled mode Doppler acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (PC-ADP), Doppler that the present invention adopts SonTek company to produce put current meter (ADV-Ocean), D﹠amp; The SBE-26 tide instrument that optics back scattering turbidimeter (OBS) that A company produces and SEA-BIRD company produce; ADP, PC-ADP, ADV-Ocean instrument all are based on the acoustic Doppler principle, utilize transmit and water body in phase differential between the particle reflected signal calculate flow velocity, can not disturb the accurate measurement flow rate of water body.At home and abroad use extensively in recent years.OBS utilizes optical infrared back scattering principle to obtain suspension turbidity in the water body, then by correlation analysis, turbidity is converted into particle concentration, has advantages such as simple to operate, quick, real-time, continuous.ADP cloth is placed on the second layer scale board, and probe upwards is used to measure top water rate of flow of fluid field.PC-ADP cloth is placed on the second layer scale board, and probe is used to measure the high-resolution velocity field in the nearly end downwards.Fix downward steel pipe on the second layer simultaneously, the downward ADV-Ocean of probe is laid in the steel pipe bottom, is used to measure high-precision flow velocity process in the nearly end and turbulent fluctuation process.OBS is fixed on the quadrupod side column, generally places 3～4.SBE-26 type tide instrument cloth is placed on the bottom, measures wave and tidal height.Each instrument adopts and moves from the molar formula respectively from charged pool and internal memory.In instrument lays, be subjected to interfering with each other and the influence of support side column stream field between instrument for preventing data, should note between each instrument distance and apart from the side column distance.
The present invention has following characteristics:
(1), can effectively obtain the husky data of near-bottom water, obtain data have stable, reach high-resolution characteristics continuously.
(2), easy and simple to handle.Instrument does not just need manually-operated after setting and being placed on the water surface, can realize observation automatically, automatically storage.
(3), can be applied to observation under the extreme weather conditions.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is recording geometry structural representation among the present invention
Fig. 2 is the depth of water, significant wave height, the 4 layers of salinity in the nearly end and the silt content of the embodiment of the invention, the observation result map of nearly underflow flow speed and direction
Embodiment
Now be described in detail the present invention by following examples:
Embodiment
The enforcement time is in August, 2007, and the place is the Changjiang River Estuary North groove, and coordinate is 31 ° of 14.007 ' W, 122 ° of 02.005 ' E.This enforcement is operated according to method mentioned above fully.
A, establishment recording geometry
Consult Fig. 1, support is positive terrace with edge shape, and height overall 2.3m is divided into 3 layers, and ground floor four length of side 0.6m have annulus on four jiaos, are used for laying and reclaiming of entire bracket; The second layer is apart from end 1.8m, and four length of side 1m set up scale board; Orlop is a base, length of side 2.5m, and base is cylinder iron made for four jiaos, and oriented lower process is convenient to fix in the riverbed, and lay scale board with holes between the angle to increase the stability of total system on the riverbed, prevents rollover.4 optics back scattering turbidimeters (OBS) are set on the support side column, and its height apart from bracket bottom is respectively 30,50,75 from bottom to top, 120cm; It is 30cm apart from end height that Doppler puts current meter (ADV-Ocean) measuring point; Pulse coupled mode Doppler acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (PC-ADP) is 150cm apart from end height; Doppler's acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (ADP) is 180cm apart from end height; Tide instrument (SBE-26) is arranged on frame bottom.
B, instrument testing setting
It is 0.4m that Doppler's acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (ADP) is provided with cell, blind area 0.7m, and sampling interval is 10 minutes; Doppler puts current meter (ADV-Ocean) and adopts multi-frequency coupling measurement pattern, has 3 frequencies, and frequency 1 is 0.5Hz, is used for the measurement of mean flow rate, and sampling interval is 15 minutes, and hits is 60; Frequency 2 is 4Hz, is used for the measurement of wavy path flow velocity, and sampling interval is 30 minutes, and hits is 2048; Frequency 3 is 25Hz, is used for the measurement of turbulent fluctuation flow velocity, and sampling interval is 15 minutes, and hits is 2500; It is 3.2cm that pulse coupled mode Doppler acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (PC-ADP) is provided with cell, blind area 10cm, sampling interval 5 minutes; It is 5 minutes that optics back scattering turbidimeter (OBS) is provided with sampling interval; Tide instrument (SBE-26) is set to tidal level of survey in per 10 minutes, wave of survey in per 1 hour.
C, lay recording geometry
At a pin fixing tightwire of support, cable wire one end links to each other with buoy, utilizes on the ship loop wheel machine that support is sling in the observation place, steadily is placed on the riverbed face.
D, observe, image data
Instrument on the recording geometry is in running order, recording storage real-time monitored data.
E, recording geometry reclaim
During recovery, the buoy of at first slinging has dragged recording geometry then.
F, data processing
The utilization scene is adopted suspension bed sediment of the nearly end OBS turbidity value is demarcated, and demarcates according to different sediment concentration segmentations in demarcation, obtains three calibration curves, and turbidity value is scaled silt content; PC-ADP adopts at the poster processing soft of high flow condition exploitation and handles, and obtains corresponding depth flow velocity of the nearly end; ADP handle each degree of depth flow velocity on the vertical line; Tide instrument data are separated through tide, handle the depth of water and wave data.
Consult Fig. 2, finally obtained the depth of water, significant wave height, the 4 layers of salinity in the nearly end and silt content, nearly underflow flow speed and direction.Flow rate and direction is for highly to locate flow rate and direction apart from end 30cm among the figure; Expression such as 120cm is 120cm apart from end height among the figure.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of estuary seacoast near-bottom water and sediment under high turbidity environment observation procedure is characterized in that this method comprises following concrete steps:
A, establishment recording geometry
Recording geometry comprises: Doppler's acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (ADP), pulse coupled mode Doppler acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (PC-ADP), Doppler put current meter (ADV-Ocean), optics back scattering turbidimeter (OBS), tide instrument (SBE-26) and support, support is positive terrace with edge shape, height overall 2～3m, be divided into three layers, ground floor four length of sides 0.5～0.8m, four jiaos are provided with annulus; The second layer is apart from the end 1.5～2m, and four length of sides, 0.8～1.2m, this layer set up scale board and fix a downward steel pipe; Orlop is a base, the length of side 2.5～3m, and base four angle lower process are also cylinder iron made, and lay scale board with holes between the angle; Wherein: Doppler's acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (ADP) is located on the second layer scale board and probe makes progress, pulse coupled mode Doppler acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (PC-ADP) is located on the second layer scale board and pops one's head in downwards, Doppler puts current meter (ADV-Ocean) and is located at the bottom of the downward steel pipe of the second layer and pops one's head in downward, optics back scattering turbidimeter (OBS) is several and is fixed on the support side column that tide instrument (SBE-26) is arranged on frame bottom;
B, instrument testing setting
According to observation place and characteristics the instrument on the recording geometry is debugged and is provided with; All adopt from the molar formula;
C, lay recording geometry
At a pin fixing tightwire of support, cable wire one end links to each other with buoy, utilizes on the ship loop wheel machine that support is sling in the observation place, steadily is placed on the riverbed face;
D, observe, image data
Instrument on the recording geometry is in running order, record and storage real-time monitored data;
E, recording geometry reclaim
During recovery, the buoy of at first slinging has dragged recording geometry then;
F, data processing
Instrument is stopped, and data derive; The utilization scene is adopted suspension bed sediment of the nearly end optics back scattering turbidimeter (OBS) turbidity value is demarcated, and in demarcation, demarcates according to different sediment concentration segmentations, obtains silt content; The The data of pulse coupled mode Doppler acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (PC-ADP) is handled at the poster processing soft of high flow condition exploitation, obtains corresponding depth flow velocity of the nearly end; Doppler's acoustics fluid velocity profile instrument (ADP) handle each degree of depth flow velocity on the vertical line; Tide instrument (SBE-26) handle the depth of water and wave data.
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| CN101726734B (en) * | 2009-12-20 | 2011-12-14 | 中国海洋大学 | Posture balancing self-control device of lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler |
| CN102830246A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-12-19 | 武汉大学 | Method for measuring start flow velocity of silt |
| CN102841188A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2012-12-26 | 河海大学 | Method for judging relation between power loss of wind space wave energy and sand content distribution of silt coast |
| CN103669279A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-26 | 重庆交通大学 | Observation system for movement of sediment of deep riverbeds |
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| CN102830246A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-12-19 | 武汉大学 | Method for measuring start flow velocity of silt |
| CN102830246B (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2013-12-18 | 武汉大学 | Method for measuring start flow velocity of silt |
| CN102841188A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2012-12-26 | 河海大学 | Method for judging relation between power loss of wind space wave energy and sand content distribution of silt coast |
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