CN101526504A - 带有焊接的超声波应力传感器的紧固件 - Google Patents
带有焊接的超声波应力传感器的紧固件 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 208000005189 Embolism Diseases 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
- F16B31/02—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
- F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
- F16B35/06—Specially-shaped heads
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/246—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using acoustic waves
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及带有焊接的超声波应力传感器的紧固件。具体而言,提供了一种将应力传感器(2)安装到紧固件(4)上的方法,包括,将传感器(2)固定到焊接***物(6)上,和将***物(6)焊接到紧固件(4)上。
Description
技术领域
本文描述的主题大体上涉及测量和检测试样内的应力或应变,更具体地说,涉及用于将超声波应力传感器(ultrasonic stress transducer)焊接到紧固件上的方法和装置。
背景技术
如StressTel Ultrasonic Testing Equipment公司(现在是GEInspection Technologies公司的一部分)在“紧固件的超声波检查指南”(“Guide to Ultrasonic Inspection of Fasteners”)中所讨论的那样,它们的***在张力施加于紧固件之前和之后,通过测量声波沿着紧固件的长度传播所需要的时间,来确定紧固件上的负载。但是,在测量紧固件之前,必须适当地准备紧固件,以用于超声波检查。例如,非常平坦、光滑的表面对传感器的正确耦联是重要的。必须采用合适的耦合剂。最后,传感器在螺栓头或者螺柱端上的一致放置可以改善仪器的精度和可重复性。
一些方法已被用来保证一致的传感器放置。最常见的方法采用放置在螺栓头中心的磁传感器。密歇根州特洛伊的MicroControl Inc.公司的粘合(glue-on)的超声波张力敏感元件是可得到的,IntellifastGmbh公司提供了一种永久安装的传感器***。Intellifast公司所自称的等离子喷涂“溅射”过程在螺栓上涂覆了永久安装的压电薄膜层,这清楚地公开于世界知识产权组织出版物No.WO2007124924和No.WO2006015813中。但是,这些以及其它传统的应力传感器构造实现起来常常是困难的,昂贵的,以及费时的。
发明内容
这样的传统方法的这些及其它方面通过在各个实施例中提供将应力传感器安装到紧固件上的装置和方法来解决,包括,将传感器固定到焊接***物(weld insert)以及将该***物焊接到紧固件上。
附图说明
现在通过参考下面的附图来描述本技术发明的各个方面,这些附图不必按照比例来绘制,但在全部的各个视图中使用相同的标号来指代相应的部件或部分。
图1是用于将超声波应力传感器安装到紧固件上的方法的示意性的分解的截面图。
图2是图1中的传感器和焊接***物的放大的视图。
图3是图1所示方法的示意性的组装的截面图。
图4是另一种将超声波应力传感器安装到紧固件的方法的示意性的分解的截面图。
图5是图4中的传感器和焊接***物的放大视图。
图6是图4所示的已组装的紧固件的示意性截面图。
具体实施方式
图1是将传感器2安装到紧固件4的一端或两端上的方法的示意性分解截面图。在这里所描述的示例性实施例中,传感器2是应力传感器,比如超声波应力传感器,紧固件4是螺栓。但是,也可以使用各种其它的传感器2和/或紧固件4,比如压电传感器、温度传感器、辐射传感器、杆、销、铆钉、混凝土加强筋等。传感器2可以包括敏感元件(sensor)和/或发送器激励器。备选地,激励器可以与敏感元件分开提供。例如,发送器不必固定到紧固件4上。
传感器2固定到焊接***物6上,如图2中更详细地所示。例如,可以在***物6的一端形成***物凹腔8,用于容纳传感器2。***物6的另一端还可以包括锥形的尖端10。但是,其它的尖端形状也可以被使用,比如平的,半球状的,或椭圆的。此尖端还可以具有各种长度和/或锥角,如图4-6中的更长的尖端所示。
***物6的尖端10还可以包括材料,此材料具有比形成此***物其余部分的材料更低的熔点。***物6可以由多种材料形成,这些材料包括抗腐蚀的材料,比如铬合金钢。作为备选或作为附加,***物6可以由锌合金形成,例如用于与镀锌螺栓一起使用。
紧固件4可以设有可选择的紧固件凹腔12,用于容纳***物6的尖端10。该紧固件凹腔12可以填充可选的防腐蚀剂13,比如合适的密封剂或焊剂。该紧固件凹腔12还可以构造成与尖端10的形状相符,如图4-6所示。
***物6和传感器2通过任何焊接工艺,比如摩擦焊接、电阻焊接、硬钎焊和软钎焊,而固定到紧固件4上。例如,如图3中所示的摩擦焊接工艺最佳地所示,带有传感器2的***物6固定到可旋转的头部(bit)14中。将此头部14朝向紧固件凹腔12下降,并以合适的速度和压力旋转,以便熔化至少***物6的尖端并将***物结合到紧固件4上。液体16也可以被提供给紧固件凹腔12,用于冷却和/或冲洗此焊接工艺。
以上所述的技术提供了与传统的带应力传感器的紧固件相比所具有的各种优点。例如,工艺不那么复杂,不那么昂贵,并且比传统技术更容易实施。因此,在否则会要求依赖于单个基准螺栓的特定应用中,应力传感器能够应用于更多的螺栓上。
应该强调,上述实施例,特别是任何“优选”实施例,仅仅是各种实施方式的举例,这些实施方式在本文中进行了阐述,以用于提供对此技术的各个方面的清楚理解。在实质上不背离仅由所附权利要求的适当构成所限定的保护范围的情况下,可以对很多这些实施例进行改变。
Claims (10)
1.一种将应力传感器(2)安装在紧固件(4)上的方法,包括:
将所述传感器固定到焊接***物(6)上;和
将所述***物(6)焊接到所述紧固件(4)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述焊接选自摩擦焊接、电阻焊接、硬钎焊和软钎焊。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述焊接是摩擦焊接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括在所述紧固件内形成凹腔以用于容纳所述传感器的步骤。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括在所述紧固件(4)内形成凹腔(8)以用于容纳所述传感器(2)的步骤。
6.一种装置,包括:
用于焊接到紧固件(4)上的***物(6);和
固定到所述***物(6)上的应力传感器(2)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述***物还包括:
***物凹腔(8),其位于一端以用于容纳所述传感器(2);和
在与所述一端相反的另一端的锥形尖端(10)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述***物的一端包括材料,所述材料具有比所述紧固件以及所述***物的其余部分更低的熔点。
9.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,还包括紧固件(4),所述***物(6)焊接到所述紧固件(4)上。
10.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述***物(6)摩擦焊接到所述紧固件(4)上。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/033,382 US20090206705A1 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2008-02-19 | Fasteners with welded ultrasonic stress transducers |
US12/033382 | 2008-02-19 |
Publications (1)
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CN101526504A true CN101526504A (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
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CN200910117914A Pending CN101526504A (zh) | 2008-02-19 | 2009-02-19 | 带有焊接的超声波应力传感器的紧固件 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20090206705A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2093010A3 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5374179B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20090089806A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101526504A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2009200543A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2653859A1 (zh) |
Cited By (5)
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CN102865279A (zh) * | 2012-10-10 | 2013-01-09 | 北京理工大学 | 一种具有拉应力和缺陷自检测功能的螺栓 |
CN103076124A (zh) * | 2012-12-30 | 2013-05-01 | 吉林省天合风电设备有限公司 | 一种采用声速比率回归法测量服役螺栓轴力的方法 |
CN104180934A (zh) * | 2013-05-20 | 2014-12-03 | 波音公司 | 通过激光烧蚀的材料应力测定方法 |
CN111103077A (zh) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-05-05 | 杭州戬威机电科技有限公司 | 一种焊接式探头、智能螺栓及其装配工艺 |
CN114062494A (zh) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-18 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | 一种大长径比锥形构件摩擦焊接头自动检测方法 |
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CN101829903B (zh) * | 2010-06-08 | 2012-08-22 | 上海交通大学 | 单边自冲摩擦螺柱铆焊装置及其连接方法 |
FR2970567B1 (fr) * | 2011-01-14 | 2016-11-18 | Soc Nat Des Chemins De Fer Francais Sncf | Procede de maintenance d'un ensemble de structures par mesure ultrasonore et vis de structure pour la mise en œuvre du procede |
KR101685890B1 (ko) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-12-28 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 음파 센서 장치 |
JP6367476B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-15 | 2018-08-01 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 摺動部品およびその製造方法 |
WO2018101927A1 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-07 | Arvos Ljungstrom Llc | A trunnion bolt monitoring system |
US10478916B2 (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-11-19 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and apparatus for joining components with friction pins |
JP6752836B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-02 | 2020-09-09 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 締結用ねじ及び締結用ねじの締付け管理方法 |
WO2020027877A2 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2020-02-06 | Metis Design Corporation | Damage detection system and method for detecting damage in fastened structures |
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2008
- 2008-02-19 US US12/033,382 patent/US20090206705A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2009
- 2009-02-11 EP EP09152571A patent/EP2093010A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-02-12 CA CA002653859A patent/CA2653859A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-02-12 AU AU2009200543A patent/AU2009200543A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-02-17 JP JP2009033363A patent/JP5374179B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-02-18 KR KR1020090013416A patent/KR20090089806A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-02-19 CN CN200910117914A patent/CN101526504A/zh active Pending
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102865279A (zh) * | 2012-10-10 | 2013-01-09 | 北京理工大学 | 一种具有拉应力和缺陷自检测功能的螺栓 |
CN103076124A (zh) * | 2012-12-30 | 2013-05-01 | 吉林省天合风电设备有限公司 | 一种采用声速比率回归法测量服役螺栓轴力的方法 |
CN104180934A (zh) * | 2013-05-20 | 2014-12-03 | 波音公司 | 通过激光烧蚀的材料应力测定方法 |
CN104180934B (zh) * | 2013-05-20 | 2019-05-28 | 波音公司 | 通过激光烧蚀的材料应力测定方法 |
CN111103077A (zh) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-05-05 | 杭州戬威机电科技有限公司 | 一种焊接式探头、智能螺栓及其装配工艺 |
CN114062494A (zh) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-18 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | 一种大长径比锥形构件摩擦焊接头自动检测方法 |
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KR20090089806A (ko) | 2009-08-24 |
EP2093010A2 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
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CA2653859A1 (en) | 2009-08-19 |
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US20090206705A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
JP2009195984A (ja) | 2009-09-03 |
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