CN101526301A - Adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system which is formed by coupling a heatpump system, a drying system and an adsorption dehumidifying system, wherein the heatpump system comprises a heatpump set 1, an evaporator 2, a throttle valve 4 and a condenser 8; the drying system comprises a drying box 6, a filter 7 and a drying fan 12; and the adsorption dehumidifying system comprises an adsorption dehumidifier 9, a recuperative fan 11 and a heater 10. The coupling course of the adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system comprises the following steps: drying medium gas f is led into the evaporator 2 by the drying fan 12 after drying material in the drying box 6, then enters the adsorption dehumidifier 9 for adsorption and dehumidification, and enters the condenser 8 to be adjusted to the drying temperature, finally enters into the drying box 6 for drying material after passing through the filter 7. The adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system has the advantages of high drying speed, high quality of dried material, low energy consumption during drying, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system, combine adsorption drying process and do not destroy materials quality, the energy-conservation advantage of heat pump drying process substantially, belong to efficient combined drying process and technical field.
Background technology
Heat sensitive material, promptly to temperature (mainly being high temperature) relatively the drying of responsive material (as food, fruits and vegetables, medicine, fabric and cereal seed etc.) be the heat subject of research both at home and abroad at present.
The nutritional labeling of most of food belongs to heat sensitive material, if process improperly, nutritional labeling (as vitamin etc.) will be subjected to infringement in various degree.
Fruits and vegetables mostly are heat sensitive material, in dry run, because the influence of drying means, operating parameter etc. can cause its quality degradation: degenerative process generally comprises biochemical process (as cellular atrophy), enzyme process (as the forfeiture of vigor), chemical process (as the reduction of nutritive value and vigor) and physical process (as solubility, rehydration, contraction, loss of aroma etc.).
Paddy rice is a kind of heat sensitive material, the content of starch height, and very responsive to dry run: in dry run, dehydration temperaturre is higher, dewatering speed just may produce stress cracking unfavorable phenomenons such as (quick-fried waists) slightly soon, causes the mass loss of paddy.The paddy of quick-fried waist is easy to be pulverized when husk rice as edible paddy rice, and head rice rate is seriously descended, and directly influences the market value of rice; And lost vitality as seed.
Super dry-storage is an important method of seed (moisture is reduced to below 5%) storage research field, and seed moisture content is reduced to below 5%, adopts general dry technology to be difficult to accomplish, as then reducing seed vitality with hyperthermia drying.
Modern medicine is heat sensitive material mostly, as liposome, interferon and growth hormone etc.; In addition, the Chinese herbal medicine that also has China.In dry run, too high temperature causes the variation of drug appearance color and luster easily, loss of active ingredients and other chemistry, biological variation etc., therefore, the key of drying process is the control of baking temperature, and suitable drying condition has very important significance to the quality that guarantees medicine.
Owing to the sensitiveness of heat sensitive material, and have characteristics such as easy oxidation and loss, many traditional drying modes are restricted temperature.Present domestic heat sensitive material drying adopts modes such as heated-air drying, heat pump drying and freeze drying more.
The heated-air drying simple economy, with low cost, but the higher material interior tissue that makes easily of temperature changes, and causes rehydration poor, and quality descends.Though freeze drying can well be preserved original color of material and shape, dry back rehydration is good, and the nutritional labeling loss is few, its drying equipment costliness, and the processing cost height, large-scale production is difficult.
Adopting heat pump techniques that material is carried out drying is that a kind of energy-saving effect of getting up of immediate development is obvious, and practicable new method.The heat pump drying process is carried out in the system of sealing.Working medium in the heat pump absorbs from behind the heat in the dry run discharging waste gas in evaporimeter, is evaporated to steam; Deliver in the condenser after the compression of compressed machine, heat pump fluid condensation liquefaction under high pressure, the condensation heat of emitting is used to heat the low temperature dry air that comes flash-pot, the low temperature dry air is heated to the temperature of requirement after, enter hothouse and recycle as drying medium; Heat pump fluid after the liquefaction is got back in the evaporimeter once more through throttling expansion.Most of water vapor is condensed directly in evaporimeter and drains in the dry run exhaust gas discharged, thereby reaches the purpose of removal moisture drying.Not only reclaimed the sensible heat in the waste gas in the dry run, and reclaimed the latent heat in the waste gas, heat energy loss only limits to the thermal resistance and the heat leak of system, and this is that other dry technology is incomparable.Heat pump drying air-flow relative humidity adjustable range is difficult to effectively carry out the heat sensitive material depth drying at 15-80%; The dry run time is longer, and the time of prolongation can increase the degree that the material dry run is damaged; Dry back material shrinks more obvious, and the rehydration performance is also good not as good as freeze drying.
The adsorption type low temperature drying exactly is the adsorption type low temperature pneumatic conveying drying, be that freeze drying and adsorption and dehumidification are combined, comprehensive utilization is low to hot and humid degree air freezing dehumidifying cost, and to the high characteristics of low temperature and low humidity degree air adsorption and dehumidification efficient, the air that obtains low temperature, low humidity carries out the heat sensitive material drying.Air at first carries out dehumidification by condensation in one-level surface cooler (freezing temperature 5-7 ℃), the adsorption zone that enters absorber or rotary dehumidifier again carries out degree of depth dehumidifying (dew-point temperature-10 ℃ below), and the heat of adsorption of emitting raises drying-air temperature; The secondary table cooler carries out etc. but clammy to dry air, be adjusted to suitable gas flow temperature, sends into drying box material is carried out drying.For reducing the live load of absorber or rotary dehumidifier, the portion gas that goes out drying box can be recycled; It is the regeneration thermal source that the regeneration of adsorbent can utilize low grade heat energy such as factory's used heat, waste heat or solar energy; The chilled water that is provided 5-7 ℃ by refrigeration system is to the I and II surface cooler.The adsorption type low temperature drying is a kind of novel dried technology based on mass transfer force, is specially adapted to the drying of heat sensitive material.The dried product original color and taste, nutritive loss is little, rehydration effect good; System can effectively utilize low-grade heat source (industrial waste heat and waste heat etc.) or solar energy.This drying means waits exploitation quietly by South China Science ﹠ Engineering University's fourth, and has obtained applying in the safe dehumidification equipment of Guangzhou Chinese workers Co., Ltd.
In addition, continuous development along with fields such as basic scientific research, sophisticated technology, accurate detection, petrochemical industry, microelectronics, optical fiber and metallurgy, some special warfares and engineering (as laminated glass, film production, bio-pharmaceuticals etc.) have proposed new requirement to temperature, the humidity of gas, and be especially more and more harsher to the requirement of gas aridity.Single cooled dehumidifier unit or rotary dehumidifier all are difficult to satisfy the harsh requirement of above-mentioned occasion to air temperature, humidity, integrated use freeze drying is the big and absorption type rotary wheel dehumidifying high advantage of the degree of depth that dehumidifies under the low temperature and low humidity operating mode in moisture removal under the hot and humid operating mode, adopt the dehumidification mode of freezing-adsorption combined can solve above-mentioned difficulties, this class dehumidifying unit can obtain dew point and be-40 ℃ dry air.
But above-mentioned adsorption type low temperature dry run and freezing-adsorption combined dehumidification mode all cool off the air-flow that enters and leave adsorbent bed or rotary dehumidifier, must consume cold, have increased the energy consumption of dry and dehumidification process.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the big limitation of dehumidification mode cold consumption at existing adsorption type low temperature dry run and freezing-adsorption combined, a kind of adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system is proposed, this system makes up freeze drying, adsorption and dehumidification and heat pump drying process, to improve the efficient of dry and dehumidification process, reduce the energy consumption of process.
The realization of technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system is characterized in that being formed by heat pump, drying system and adsorption and dehumidification system, coupled; Wherein, heat pump is made up of source pump 1, evaporimeter 2, choke valve 4 and condenser 8; Drying system is made up of drying box 6, filter 7 and drying air fan 12; The adsorption and dehumidification system is made of adsorption moisture eliminator 9, regeneration blower fan 11, heater 10; Described absorption-heat pump drying system, coupled process is: drying medium gas f is after material carries out drying in to drying box 6, introduce evaporimeter 2 cooling and dehumidifyings by drying air fan 12, enter adsorption moisture eliminator 9 again and be adsorbed dehumidifying, enter condenser 8 then and be adjusted to baking temperature, after passing through filter 7 again, enter 6 pairs of materials of drying box and carry out drying.
Adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system of the present invention is characterized in that drying medium gas is air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas; The drying medium gas of drying system loss is mended through valve 5 by extraneous fresh dried medium e.Adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system of the present invention is characterized in that evaporimeter 2 bottoms are provided with draining valve 3, the dehumidifying that is cooled of the drying medium gas of the evaporimeter 2 of flowing through, and its condensed water d discharges drying systems through valve 3.
Adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system of the present invention is characterized in that described source pump 1 is steam compression type, absorption or absorption type; Described drying medium gas from drying box 6 outlets at first enters evaporimeter 2 cooling and dehumidifyings of heat pump, and latent heat that condensation process discharges and drying medium gas temperature reduce the cold-producing medium evaporation in the sensible heat supply evaporimeter 2 that discharges; The refrigerant vapour of evaporimeter 2 evaporations is compressed by source pump 1, sends into the condenser 8 of heat pump; Refrigerant vapour is cooled to liquid in condenser 8, and this condensation heat is used for the heat drying dielectric gas; Refrigerant liquid comes back to evaporimeter 2 after choke valve 4 throttling expansions, reducing pressure.
Described adsorption moisture eliminator 9 is ADSORPTION IN A FIXED BED dehumidifier or desiccant wheel; Drying medium gas after the evaporimeter 2 of heat pump is removed most of moisture is sent into adsorption moisture eliminator 9 by further adsorption and dehumidification; After adsorbents adsorb in the adsorption moisture eliminator 9 is saturated, switch to the desorption and regeneration process, extraneous fresh air or nitrogen a introduce heater 10 through regeneration blower fan 11, after being heated with heat energy b, enter 9 pairs of saturated adsorbents of absorption of adsorption moisture eliminator and carry out desorb, the high temperature, the high humidity gas c that leave adsorption moisture eliminator 9 discharge system; After desorb finished, adsorption moisture eliminator 9 recovered adsorption capacity, switches to adsorption process again, and drying medium gas is carried out the adsorption deeply dehumidifying.Adsorption and dehumidification of the present invention system, above-mentioned heat energy b is solar energy, geothermal energy, industrial exhaust heat or used heat.
Operation principle of the present invention is as follows, and for drying system, drying medium gas is after drying box carries out drying to material, gas temperature reduces, humidity improves, be introduced into the evaporimeter of heat pump by blower fan, this gas is cooled in evaporimeter, and the moisture in the gas is removed in condensation; Simultaneously, gas temperature further reduces, and becomes the gas of low temperature, low humidity.But behind the dehumidification by condensation, the air-flow dew point generally is higher than 0 ℃, is difficult to efficiently carry out dry materials.Therefore, will send into adsorption moisture eliminator through the gas of cooling and dehumidifying, and further carry out adsorption and dehumidification, the humidity of gas further reduces, and dew point can reach-40 ℃, can adapt to the drying of heat sensitive material, and special occasions is to the requirement of gas aridity.Drying medium gas is in the adsorption and dehumidification process, because the heat of adsorption that absorption is emitted makes gas temperature slightly to rise, therefore needs the adjustments of gas temperature, further satisfies the requirement of heat sensitive material dry run.Different with traditional adsorption type low temperature drying or absorption-freezing associating dehumidification process is that the present invention utilizes the condenser of heat pump to regulate the temperature that enters the drying box air-flow, has saved the energy consumption of refrigeration system.Drying medium gas after damping, temperature adjustment after the process filter is removed dust again, enters drying box and carries out dry materials.Because the low temperature of drying medium gas, low moisture performance, mainly from mass transfer force, help the depth drying of heat sensitive material based on psychrometric difference in the motive force of dry materials process; Simultaneously, dried material can obtain and the similar quality of freeze drying.Drying medium gas of the present invention is air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas; Drying medium gas circulates at drying system, helps guaranteeing the quality of dry materials process; Not enough drying medium air-flow by the new wind in the external world mend into.
Adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system of the present invention has wide range of applications, be specially adapted to the drying of heat sensitive materials such as food, fruits and vegetables, seed, medicine, all kinds of Chinese herbal medicine and living beings, and the air-flow that low temperature, low humidity are provided for special occasions such as special warfare and engineerings.
Beneficial effect:
(1) dry materials quality and vacuum freeze drying are suitable, but energy consumption is far below vacuum freeze drying;
(2) relatively hot pump drying system, drying medium gas humidity is lower, helps improving dry run speed, and improves materials quality;
(3) relative adsorption type low temperature drying system, drying medium gas temperature adjustable extent is wide, can adapt to the drying of different characteristic material;
(4) the dry or absorption-freezing associating dehumidification process of relative adsorption type low temperature, energy consumption is lower, helps saving energy and reduce the cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system figure; 1-source pump wherein; The 2-evaporimeter; The 3-water valve; The 4-choke valve; The new air-valve of 5-; The 6-drying box; The 7-filter; The 8-condenser; The 9-adsorption moisture eliminator; The 10-heater; The 11-blower fan of regenerating; The 12-drying air fan; The a-fresh wind port of regenerating; B-heat energy; C-desorb exhaust outlet; The draining of d-drying system; The dry fresh medium inlet of e-; The f-drying medium gas
The specific embodiment
The present invention can 1 implement in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but does not limit the scope of application of the present invention.
Concrete parts in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system application process is as follows.
The drying medium gas f of drying system is to after material carries out drying in the drying box 6, gas temperature reduces, humidity improves, send into evaporimeter 2 cooling and dehumidifyings of heat pump by drying air fan 12, the moisture in the gas is removed in condensation, and the moisture d that condensation goes out discharges drying systems through draining valve 3, gas temperature after being cooled further reduces, become the gas of low temperature, low humidity, this gas is admitted to adsorption moisture eliminator 9, further carries out adsorption and dehumidification, the humidity of gas further reduces, and dew point is low to moderate-40 ℃.Gas behind the adsorption and dehumidification is adjusted to suitable baking temperature through the condenser 8 of heat pump.Drying medium gas after damping, temperature adjustment, through after filter 7 removes dust, enter 6 pairs in drying box wherein material carry out drying.In the drying system running, the fresh dried medium e by external environment mends through air-valve 5 because of the gas of leakage loss.
Heat pump of the present invention is made up of source pump 1, condenser 8, evaporimeter 2 and choke valve 4.The gas that goes out 6 mouthfuls in drying box at first enters the evaporimeter 2 of heat pump, and under suitable evaporating temperature, the most of moisture in the gas is removed in cooling, and latent heat that condensate moisture discharges and air themperature reduce the evaporation that the sensible heat that discharges is supplied with cold-producing medium in the evaporimeter 2.After the refrigerant vapour of evaporation is compressed by source pump 1 in the evaporimeter 2, send into the condenser 8 of heat pump, the refrigerant vapour condensation heat is used for the temperature of heat drying dielectric gas in condenser 8.Refrigerant liquid behind the reduction pressure, reenters evaporimeter 2 through choke valve 4 throttling expansions.Along with the circulation of cold-producing medium at heat pump, the heat of drying medium gas constantly is utilized.
Adsorption and dehumidification of the present invention system is made of adsorption moisture eliminator 9, regeneration blower fan 11 and heater 10.Drying medium gas after the evaporimeter 2 of heat pump is removed most of moisture is sent into adsorption moisture eliminator 9 through regeneration blower fan 11 and is carried out adsorption and dehumidification, and the moisture of trace is adsorbed the agent adsorption deeply and removes.The saturated adsorption moisture eliminator 9 that absorbs water needs to switch and carry out desorption and regeneration; Extraneous fresh air a sends into heater 10 through regeneration blower fan 11, and after being heated with heat energy b, hot-air send 9 pairs of saturated adsorbents of absorption of adsorption moisture eliminator to carry out desorb, and the high temperature, the high humidity gas c that go out adsorption moisture eliminator discharge system.After desorb finished, adsorption moisture eliminator 9 recovered adsorption capacity, can switch to adsorption process again, and drying medium gas is carried out the adsorption deeply dehumidifying.Heat energy b is solar energy, industrial exhaust heat or used heat.
Drying system of the present invention is in closed state, and dry run without any waste gas, the discharging of waste liquid the like waste, meets requirement on environmental protection except discharging condensed water, replenishing the new drying medium.
Embodiment 2
New fresh mushroom 10kg (moisture content about 90%) through arrangement, cleaning, sterilization pretreatment, operation such as drain, carries out drying.The dry run condition is: drying medium is an air, and the drying medium temperature is that 60 ℃, relative humidity are 2%.In the dry run, the air themperature of the high humility of drying box 6 outlets is 45 ℃, and relative humidity is 90%; This air-flow is removed large quantity of moisture by evaporimeter 2 coolings of heat pump, and at this moment, gas flow temperature is reduced to 8 ℃, and relative humidity is 96%; This air-flow further is adsorbed dehumidifier 9 adsorption and dehumidifications, and temperature rises to 30 ℃, and relative humidity reduces to 10%; Air-flow after the condenser 8 of heat pump further is adjusted to temperature is that 60 ℃, relative humidity are 2%, enters drying box 6 and carries out the mushroom drying.It is 15% that mushroom is dried to moisture content, stops drying.Dry mushroom exterior quality and nutritional labeling storage rate are near freeze drying, than the energy-conservation 40-45% of freeze drying.
Embodiment 3
Fresh tangerine 5kg (moisture content about 80%) through operations such as putting in order, clean, drain, carries out drying.The dry run condition is: drying medium is a carbon dioxide, and the drying medium temperature is that 50 ℃, relative humidity are 5%.Being dried to moisture content is 3%, stops drying.The dried orange peel that obtains after the drying keeps bright-coloured color and luster and strong smell, than the energy-conservation 50-55% of freeze drying.
Blakeslea trispora 5kg (moisture content about 85%) through operations such as arrangement, moulding, carries out drying.The dry run condition is: drying medium is a nitrogen, and the drying medium temperature is that 35 ℃, relative humidity are 3%.Being dried to moisture content is 10%, stops drying.The lycopene of dry back Blakeslea trispora and the storage rate of beta carotene are near freeze drying, than the energy-conservation 35-40% of freeze drying.
Fresh cabbage heart 10kg (moisture content about 80%) through arrangement, cleaning, blanching, operation such as drain, carries out drying.The dry run condition is: drying medium is an air, and the drying medium temperature is that 45 ℃, relative humidity are 5%.Being dried to moisture content is 18%, stops drying.Dry potato reconstitution rate height, browning degree is little, and exterior quality and nutritional labeling storage rate are near freeze drying; Than the energy-conservation 45-55% of freeze drying.
The Chinese medicine root of Dahurain angelica 1kg (the about 60-70% of moisture content) that contains cumarin and volatile oil through cleaning earth, removes fibrous root and residual leaf, after the operations such as section, carries out drying.The dry run condition is: drying medium is a nitrogen, and the drying medium temperature is that 35 ℃, relative humidity are 3%.Being dried to moisture content is 10-15%, stops drying.Dry back root of Dahurain angelica volatile oil and the loss of Coumarins composition are little, and exterior quality is near freeze drying; Than the energy-conservation 30-40% of freeze drying.
The Chinese medicine Chinese cassia tree 2kg (moisture content about 80%) that contains volatile oil through operations such as putting in order, clean, drain, carries out drying.The dry run condition is: drying medium is a nitrogen, and the drying medium temperature is that 30 ℃, relative humidity are 5%.Being dried to moisture content is 20%, stops drying.Dry Chinese cassia tree reconstitution rate height, loss of volatile oil is little, and exterior quality is near freeze drying; Than the energy-conservation 20-35% of freeze drying.
Traditional Chinese medicine of whole straw material Chinese ephedra 1kg (moisture content about 85%) through operations such as putting in order, clean, drain, carries out drying.The dry run condition is: drying medium is a carbon dioxide, and the drying medium temperature is that 25 ℃, relative humidity are 4%.Being dried to moisture content is 15%, stops drying.Dry Chinese ephedra reconstitution rate height, the alkaloid loss is little, and exterior quality is near freeze drying; Than the energy-conservation 25-30% of freeze drying.
Claims (6)
1. adsorption-heatpump coupling drying system of the present invention is characterized in that being formed by heat pump, drying system and adsorption and dehumidification system, coupled; Wherein, heat pump is made up of source pump (1), evaporimeter (2), choke valve (4) and condenser (8); Drying system is made up of drying box (6), filter (7) and drying air fan (12); The adsorption and dehumidification system is made of adsorption moisture eliminator (9), regeneration blower fan (11) and heater (10); Described absorption-heat pump drying system, coupled process is: drying medium gas (f) is after material carries out drying in to drying box (6), introduce evaporimeter (2) cooling and dehumidifying by drying air fan (12), enter adsorption moisture eliminator (9) again and be adsorbed dehumidifying, enter condenser (8) then and be adjusted to baking temperature, after passing through filter (7) again, enter drying box (6) material is carried out drying.
2. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that drying medium gas is air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas; The drying medium gas of drying system loss is mended through valve (5) by extraneous fresh dried medium (e).
3. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that evaporimeter (2) bottom is provided with draining valve (3), the dehumidifying that is cooled of the drying medium gas of the evaporimeter of flowing through (2), and its condensed water (d) is through valve (3) discharge drying system.
4. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described source pump (1) is steam compression type, absorption or adsorption type heat pump; Described drying medium gas from drying box (6) outlet at first enters evaporimeter (2) cooling and dehumidifying of heat pump, latent heat that condensation process discharges and drying medium gas temperature reduce the cold-producing medium evaporation in the sensible heat supply evaporimeter (2) that discharges, the refrigerant vapour of evaporimeter (2) evaporation is compressed by source pump (1), send into the condenser (8) of heat pump, refrigerant vapour is cooled to liquid in condenser (8), and condensation heat is used for the heat drying dielectric gas; Refrigerant liquid comes back to evaporimeter (2) after choke valve (4) throttling expansion, reducing pressure.
5. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described adsorption moisture eliminator (9) is ADSORPTION IN A FIXED BED dehumidifier or desiccant wheel; Drying medium gas after the evaporimeter (2) of heat pump is removed most of moisture is sent into adsorption moisture eliminator (9) by further adsorption and dehumidification; After adsorbents adsorb in the adsorption moisture eliminator (9) is saturated, switch to the desorption and regeneration process, extraneous fresh air or nitrogen (a) are introduced heater (10) through regeneration blower fan (11), after being heated with heat energy (b), enter adsorption moisture eliminator (9) and carry out desorb to adsorbing saturated adsorbent, that leaves adsorption moisture eliminator (9) has higher temperature and humidity gas (c) discharge system; After desorb finished, adsorption moisture eliminator (9) recovered adsorption capacity, switches to adsorption process again, and drying medium gas is carried out the adsorption deeply dehumidifying.
6. adsorption and dehumidification according to claim 5 system is characterized in that heat energy (b) is solar energy, geothermal energy, industrial exhaust heat or used heat.
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