CN101522592A - Delay units and methods of making the same - Google Patents
Delay units and methods of making the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN101522592A CN101522592A CNA2006800109826A CN200680010982A CN101522592A CN 101522592 A CN101522592 A CN 101522592A CN A2006800109826 A CNA2006800109826 A CN A2006800109826A CN 200680010982 A CN200680010982 A CN 200680010982A CN 101522592 A CN101522592 A CN 101522592A
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Abstract
A delay unit (10) comprises a timing strip (14) and, optionally, a calibration strip (20) deposited on a substrate (12). The timing and calibration strips comprise energetic materials which optionallymay comprise particles of nanosize materials, e.g., a fuel and an oxidizer, optionally applied as separate layers. A method of making the delay units comprises deposit not ing onto a substrate (12)a timing strip (14) having a starting point (14d) and a discharge point (14e) and depositing onto the same or another substrate a calibration strip (20). Timing strip (14) and calibration strip (20) are of identical composition and are otherwise configured, e.g., thickness of the strips, to have identical burn rates. The calibration strip (20) is ignited and its burn rate is ascertained. The timing strip (14) is adjusted by an adjustment structure to attain a desired delay period, preferably on the basis that the burn rate of the timing strip (14) is substantially identical to that of the calibration strip (20) and ascertaining the burn rate of the calibration strip. The adjustment may be attained by one or more of providing the timing strip with jump gaps (164), an accelerant or retardant(166a, 166b), completing the timing strip with a bridging strip (14c), or establishing a selected effective length of the timing strip by positioning one or both of a pick-up charge (16) and relay ch arge (18) over a portion of the timing strip.
Description
Background of invention
Invention field
The present invention relates to be used to control the delay unit type of the burst time of high energy material, for example be used for postponing that class delay unit of detonator (delay detonator), and the method for making this delay unit.
Correlation technique
Traditional pyrotechnics delay unit comprises and is encapsulated in flexible metal hose, for example the powdery pyrotechnics composition in lead pipe or the tin-tube.This traditional delay unit is held in place in the input signal source such as the primer casing between shock tubing and the explosive output of the capsular powder charge of safety fuse usually.The blast of volatile output powder charge has been delayed for some time, and promptly pyrotechnic material length is burnt to the time that its output terminal spent from its input terminus.Those of skill in the art are well-known to be very critically to control single capsular delay period; The typical delays periodic regime is 9 to 9,600 milliseconds or bigger, for example, and 9,25,350,500 and 1,000 milliseconds.It is limited in essence that burning by the pyrotechnic material post reaches consistent accurate and accurate time delay, and current techniques is absorbed in research electronic delay unit, with raising time delay precision, and no matter comparatively speaking whether increased the unitary cost of electronic delay with pyrotechnics delay unit.
Be published in International Application No. WO 2004/106268 A2 that is used for ＂ explosive release ＂ of the Qinetiq nano material company limited on December 9th, 2004, disclose by ink (ink) and be printed on explosive release on the substrate, it is little of 10 microns or ＂ even little of 0.1 micron or the particulate of minor diameter ＂ (page 4,18-24 is capable) more that this ink can comprise diameter.For example Fig. 1 and 2 discloses a kind of wriggle or spiral pattern that is printed on the blast ink on the substrate.For example, at described the 15th page, the 11-29 line description be printed on blast ink on the single line, its originate in heating unit near, and terminate at the propagation of explosion explosive material near.This row blast ink priming propagation of explosion blast of printing.Can use the zigzag pattern, and increase the time delay that device provided.
Use the nanoaperture ferric oxide as accelerator, the oxidizer composition of explosive substance and pyrotechnic material is known.Referring to American Chemical Society's publication 2004,16,1466-1471, AnandPrakash, Alon V.McCormick and Michael R.Zachariah, the paper of Chem.Mater: the aviation collosol and gel of nanoaperture ferric oxide particles is synthetic: the possible oxygenant that is used for the nano high-energy material.This paper has been described the use of the nanoparticle of fuel, for example aluminium and metal oxide oxygenant, and it reacts and discharges lot of energy.The big surface area of the unit materials volume that is formed by very little particle diameter is confirmed as reducing mass transfer limitations, and realizes lighting of chemomotive force control.The oxygenant particulate that belongs to purport of the present invention it is said in 100 to 250 nanometers (＂ nm ＂) size range.
Brock ' s Fireworks Limited, Dumfriesshire, the UK patent application 2049651 of Scotland discloses a kind of composition silk-screen dry and/or sclerosis with the composition that allows so to obtain to the surface that is used for by will adopting liquid mud or paste form, thereby pyrotechnics or blasting compound are applied to lip-deep technology.It discloses and can preferably lay several layers by coarse mesh screen, and it allows relatively large solid particulate to pass and can not stop up.The size range of particulate is not mentioned.It also discloses and can lay several layers by described mode, and each layer can be identical or different.For waterproof or prevent from the purpose of lighting from can print additional last one deck inert material from the teeth outwards, and if desired, can between processing step, lay static flocking.
On March 30th, 2004 licensed to people such as Gash, inscribe one's name United States Patent (USP) 6,712,917 into inorganic metal oxide/organic polymer nano components and its method disclose a kind of produce blended inorganic/method of the nano components of organic high energy.
On October 12nd, 2004 licensed to people such as Diener, inscribeed one's name to the reactive material of nanostructure and the United States Patent (USP) 6,803,244 that is used to produce the technology of this material discloses a kind of reactive material of nanostructure, for example, and silicon and oxygenant.At first the nano-scale size of the particulate that is separated by the blocking layer is according to this patent, in case the blocking layer is broken, then can allow the direct contact between fuel and the oxygenant.
In by the S.H.Fischer of the Sandia National Laboratory of New Mexico Albuquerque and paper that M.C.Grubelich shows " Theoretical Energy Release of Thermites; Intermetallics; and Combustible Metals " (energy of the theory of thermite, intermetallic compound and combustible metal discharges), comprised the thermite mixture, the detailed argumentation of intermetallic reagent and fuel.The 24th the international pyrotechnics symposial (24 that paper SAND-98-1176C held in California Monterey city in July, 1998
ThInternational Pyrotechnics Seminar) delivers on.
Brief summary of the invention
Generally speaking, according to the invention provides a kind of delay unit that comprises substrate, on substrate, deposit the timing bar (timing strip) and the optional corrector strip (calibrationstrip) of high energy material.As herein with claims in used term ＂ high energy material ＂ to mean be explosive substance, pyrotechnics or other material that sends energy when being detonated or lighting.High energy material can lay by the ink composition that comprises the high energy material particulate that is dispersed in the continuous liquid phase, and some or all of high energy material particulate can be a nanoparticle.Optionally, fuel and oxidizer composition can be used as and be in contact with one another or overlapped at least in part discrete fuel bed and oxygenant layer and be laid on the substrate individually.The present invention also is used for timing bar with high energy material and is printed on the substrate and will be printed on same substrate or another substrate with the corrector strip of the similar or identical high energy material of the high energy material of timing bar, corrector strip is lighted, and determine its rate of combustion, and have the rate of combustion identical and revise regularly bar to adjust its combustion time with corrector strip based on the timing bar.The present invention thereby be used for a kind of inquiry electronic delay unit that is similar to adjusting the combustion time of high energy material timing bar to determine whether correctly they provide required ＂ ＂ combustion time the mode of (being required delay period) follow procedure.This ability has greatly improved high energy material for example the delay period precision and the accuracy of the delay unit of pyrotechnics.
The present invention also is used for high energy material is comprised the nanoparticle printing or otherwise is deposited on substrate.Generally speaking, high energy material can comprise the particulate that is dispersed in the continuous liquid phase (＂ ink ＂), and can be for example regularly the form of bar and corrector strip print, as described below.Ink is dried on substrate or is allowed to drying or hardens into and adheres to pattern.
Specifically, according to the present invention, it provides a kind of delay unit that comprises substrate, at least one has starting point (starting point) and emits the timing bar of point (dischargepoint) and (b) corrector strip to deposit (a) on the substrate, and regularly bar and corrector strip respectively comprise high energy material, for example, fuel and oxygenant, can carry out the energy release reaction along it, corrector strip and timing bar are spaced apart from each other, and are enough to prevent owing to corrector strip causes regularly lighting of bar.High energy material comprises nanoparticle alternatively.
In one aspect of the invention, at least regularly the high energy material of bar comprises fuel bed that at least one is discrete and the oxygenant layer that at least one is discrete, and one of them fuel bed and one of them oxygenant layer are overlapping at least in part.
In another aspect of this invention, the high energy material of corrector strip is identical with the high energy material of timing bar basically.
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of delay unit that comprises substrate, deposit at least one on the substrate and have starting point and the timing bar of emitting a little, and this delay unit comprises the high energy material that can carry out the energy release reaction along it.High energy material is selected from a class material that comprises fuel and oxygenant, and comprises fuel bed that at least one is discrete and the oxygenant layer that at least one is discrete, and fuel bed and oxygenant layer contact each other.
Another aspect of the present invention proposes, regularly bar comprises the article one with terminal gap, for example, article one can be by terminal gap and spaced apart with second, and the bridge connector in closed terminal gap is by for example being connected to article one on the second and closed terminal gap.Article one, optionally second and bridge connector cooperation is to limit regularly bar in starting point with the useful length between emitting a little.
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of delay unit, its also comprise following wherein one of at least: (a) the startup powder charge (pick-upcharge) that communicates with the starting point holding signal transmission of bar regularly, (b) transmit a relaying powder charge (relaycharge) that communicates with a holding signal of emitting of timing bar, wherein have only regularly the part of bar to be planted described powder charge covering, thereby regularly the useful length of bar is determined by the position of powder charge by one of them.
Others of the present invention provide the startup powder charge that communicates with the transmission of the starting point holding signal of timing bar and with the relaying powder charge that the holding signal transmission communicates of emitting of timing bar.The mode that a plurality of timing bars communicate by the signal transmission at an end of timing bar alternatively is connected to and starts in the powder charge, and is connected in the relaying powder charge at the other end of timing bar, so that the redundant regularly bar of the relaying powder charge of detonating to be provided.
According to a further aspect in the invention, regularly bar comprises major portion and less important part.Major portion has the useful length bigger than less important part, and less important part has the rate of combustion bigger than major portion.Comparatively speaking the difference of the respective length of major portion and less important part and rate of combustion aspect be negligible even as big as combustion time of making less important part with combustion time of major portion, thereby the delay period of delay unit is basically by determining the combustion time of major portion.
A method aspect of the present invention provides and has been used for the unitary method of manufacturing delay, it comprises and deposits to step on the substrate with having starting point and emitting a little timing bar, regularly bar comprises the high energy material of being made up of at least one discrete fuel bed and at least one discrete oxygenant layer, one of them fuel bed and one of them oxygenant layer are overlapping at least in part, and comprise that alternatively corrector strip with high energy material is deposited on the step on the substrate, corrector strip is lighted to prevent the timing bar that corrector strip causes with regularly bar is fully spaced apart.
Other method of the present invention aspect provides and has been used for the unitary method of manufacturing delay, it may further comprise the steps: (a) will have starting point and deposit on the substrate with the timing bar of emitting a little, regularly bar comprises the high energy material that has given rate of combustion along its length, and regularly the useful length of bar for along the timing bar in starting point with the continuous length between emitting a little, regularly the useful length of bar and rate of combustion are determined by the delay period of delay unit, (b) corrector strip that will have a given length of starting point and terminal point deposits on the substrate, corrector strip is by forming with the essentially identical high energy material of the high energy material of timing bar, (c) corrector strip is lighted, and measuring corrector strip burns to the time that its terminal point spent from its starting point, thereby determine the rate of combustion of corrector strip, (d) afterwards in performing step (c), based on the rate of combustion of timing bar and the rate of combustion of determined corrector strip is on the identical basis, adjust the regularly useful length of bar, to obtain required delay period.
Other method of the present invention aspect provides comes performing step (d) by the following method, promptly, by one or more sudden changes gap is provided in the timing bar, or be laid in regularly on the bar by will speed up agent, or by retarding agent being laid in regularly on the bar, or cover the regularly part of bar by laying one of them or the two that start powder charge and relaying powder charge, the useful length that stays the timing bar between it is not covered by powder charge, or by the initial regularly part of bar that only deposits, make in the starting point of timing bar and keep at least one terminal gap between emitting a little, and utilize gap in the closed regularly bar of bridge connector, to provide from starting point to the continuous timing bar of emitting a little.The timing bar that sudden change gap, accelerator and retarding agent configuration and being configured to can be adjustment provides required rate of combustion, and this will be based upon the determined rate of combustion of corrector strip, and provides required delay period for delay unit.Similarly, bridge connector configuration also is configured to, and starts powder charge and/or relaying powder charge and be positioned to can be regularly that bar provides useful length, and this will provide required delay period for delay unit being under the determined rate of combustion of corrector strip.
Each different aspect of the present invention proposes, and high energy material comprises nanoparticle, and perhaps these particulates are made up of nanoparticle basically.The high energy material that is used for the inventive method can comprise fuel and oxygenant, and sedimentary high energy material can comprise fuel bed that at least one is discrete and the oxygenant layer that at least one is discrete, one of them fuel bed and oxygenant layer are overlapping at least in part.
Generally speaking, one of them of high energy material planted composition and is made up of particulate, and it can be a ＂ nanometer ＂ material, ＂ nano high-energy material ＂ for example, ＂ nanometer pyrotechnic material ＂; The about 20 mean particle dia size ranges to about 1,500 nanometer (＂ nm ＂) represented in these terms used herein, or less than, but be positioned at about 20 to about 1, any suitable size scope in the 500nm broad range.For example, the size range of mean particle dia can be about 40 to about 1,000nm, or from about 50 to about 500nm, or from about 60 to about 200nm, or from about 80 to about 120nm, or from about 20 to 100nm.The unusual particulate of small particle size, for example nanoparticle has been owing to the tightst contact between the reaction particulate has promoted good reaction, and the timing bar with very little critical diameter is shaped.That is to say that the timing bar of very small cross-sectional-area is because the particulate of high energy material has so little size, nano-scale for example, and can support reaction along its length.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the floor map of delay unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic longitudinal section of delay capsular of having equipped Fig. 1 delay unit;
Fig. 2 A amplifies with respect to Fig. 2, and along Fig. 2 line A-A side cross sectional view;
Fig. 3 is the floor map of Fig. 1 delay unit, wherein is laid with two discrete synergetic laminate layers on its printing surface;
Fig. 4 is the schematic front view that is used to make according to an embodiment of the production line of delay unit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 A, 4B and 4C are the floor map of amplifying with respect to Fig. 4, and it has shown the delay unit of the Fig. 1 in each manufacturing stage;
Fig. 5 is the floor map according to the delay unit of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 A is the schematic front view that the line A-A along Fig. 5 dissects;
Fig. 6 is the floor map according to the delay unit of third embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 A is the schematic front view that the line A-A along Fig. 6 dissects;
Fig. 7 is the schematic longitudinal section of delay capsular of having equipped Fig. 6 delay unit;
Fig. 7 A amplifies with respect to Fig. 7, and along Fig. 7 line A-A side cross sectional view;
Fig. 7 B is the skeleton view of cylindrical embedding body (embedment), wherein embedding and similar delay unit shown in Figure 6;
Fig. 7 C is the partial schematic diagram that shows the embedding body that is included in Fig. 7 B in other traditional detonator;
Fig. 7 D is the line D-D side cross sectional view along Fig. 7 C;
Fig. 7 E is the view similar to Fig. 7 D, but has shown an alternative of the embedding delay unit that is included in the primer casing;
Fig. 8 is the floor map according to the delay unit of fourth embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 A is in the floor map according to the delay unit of fifth embodiment of the invention of making the intermediate stage;
Fig. 9 B is the floor map that is in Fig. 9 A delay unit of back manufacturing stage;
Figure 10 is the schematic front view of the embodiment who is used for the unitary production line of manufacturing delay of first method according to the present invention;
Figure 11 is the schematic front view of another embodiment that is used for the unitary production line of manufacturing delay of second method according to the present invention;
Figure 11 A, 11B and 11C are the floor map of amplifying with respect to Figure 11, and it has shown the 6th embodiment of the delay unit of the present invention of each manufacturing stage in the production line that is in Figure 11;
Figure 12 has only the regularly floor map of bar member on the substrate of delay unit according to a seventh embodiment of the invention;
Figure 13 has only the regularly floor map of bar member on the substrate according to the delay unit of the eighth embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 14 is the schematic, exploded perspective view according to the delay unit of ninth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 14 A is the synoptic diagram that dwindles with respect to Figure 14 size, and it has shown the step of producing the delay unit of Figure 14;
Figure 15 is the delay capsular sectional view that comprises Figure 14 delay unit;
Figure 16 is the floor map according to the delay unit of tenth embodiment of the invention; With
Figure 17 A and 17B have shown the step of making eleventh embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description to the present invention and specific embodiment thereof
Unless special statement, unless or explicitly call in the context, otherwise following details will be applicable to comparably and comprise that (1) is deposited as the high energy material of fuel and oxidant mixture, and (2) its fuel and oxidizer composition separate the method and structure of sedimentary high energy material.When laying isolated fuel bed and oxygenant layer, at first still be that the oxygenant layer is applied on the substrate be inessential with fuel bed.That is to say that no matter fuel bed or oxygenant layer can be top layers, and can lay two or more alternative fuel beds and oxygenant layer respectively, perhaps these layers that separate can contact with each other simply.
High energy material can comprise the pyrotechnic material of being made up of fuel and oxygenant; For example, pyrotechnic material can but do not need to comprise inevitably thermite material.Ink printing by high energy material can be laid high energy material, and ink can harden on substrate or be dry.Fuel and oxygenant particulate can be dispersed in the single ink of continuous liquid phase.Perhaps, a kind of ink can comprise the nanometer fuel particles that is dispersed in the continuous liquid phase, and other ink can comprise the nano oxidized dose of particulate that is dispersed in the continuous liquid phase.Have only one of them of fuel particles and oxygenant particulate, or every kind of particulate have only some particulates, or all particulates can be nanoparticles.One of them high energy material member can have the Nano sol gel structure, for example the collosol and gel of nanoaperture ferric oxide.
Referring to Fig. 1, it has schematically shown the delay unit 10 that comprises substrate 12, is printed with on the substrate 12 or is laid with regularly bar 14 with other method, and it comprises article one 14a, second 14b and bridge connector 14c.In this embodiment, the part of the timing bar of being made up of article one 14a 14 is configured to zigzag structure, so that increase its useful length.Regularly got up by bridge connector 14c bridge joint in the terminal gap in the bar 14.As herein with claim in used ＂ terminal gap ＂ mean regularly gap in the bar, it is greatly to being enough to make the transmission ending of igniting signal along the useful length of timing bar.In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the terminal gap is between article one 14a and second 14b, and promptly it is positioned at the regularly middle portion of bar 14.In other embodiments, the terminal gap can be positioned at regularly an end of bar, thus bridge connector will timing bar one end according to the position in terminal gap and startup or relaying powder charge between terminal gap bridge joint.Though a more than terminal gap can be provided in single timing bar, needn't make the specific time delay of acquisition needed usually to the length of bridge connector and the calculation of complexization of configuration.Corrector strip 20 printing or otherwise be laid on the substrate, and communicate with the powder charge 22 holding signals transmission that begins to glisten in the starting point of corrector strip 20 is transmitted and is communicated at the terminal point and the termination of corrector strip 20 powder charge 24 holding signals that glisten.Regularly bar 14 and corrector strip 20 are by high energy material, and for example the nano high-energy material is formed.The nano high-energy material can be the nanometer pyrotechnic material.The powder charge 22,24th that corrector strip 20 is relevant with it, isolated, and do not contact with timing bar 14 or its relevant powder charge 16 and 18, as described below.
Significant advantage of the present invention is, can be based on corrector strip, and the result that the effect of corrector strip 20 obtained and adjust regularly bar for example, for example bar 14 regularly.This adjustment can many different modes realize, as described in below in conjunction with some accompanying drawings.Generally speaking, regularly the adjustment of bar can comprise following one or more: be that it adds accelerator or retarding agent, so that improve or reduce the regularly rate of combustion of bar; In the timing bar, provide one or more sudden changes gap, to reduce rate of combustion; By only laying at first the regularly part of bar, then whole timing bar, so that give its selected useful length based on the determined rate of combustion of corrector strip effect or pass through one of them powder charge or two powder charges, for example following powder charge 16 and 18 location, make between it useful length that keeps the required timing bar that is not covered by (powder charge), thereby adjust the regularly useful length of bar.
Regularly bar 14 has starting point 14d and emits a 14e.Regularly the ＂ useful length ＂ of bar is in its starting point with the continuous length between emitting a little along the timing bar.Thereby regularly the useful length of bar 14 starts from starting point 14d, a part of crossing over article one 14a to the first plotted point I1 place of bridge connector 14c, a part of crossing over bridge connector 14c to the second plotted point I2 place of second 14b, cross over second 14b afterwards at the second plotted point I2 with emit part between the 14e.As can be seen, in the embodiment shown, the terminal portions of bar 14a and 14b is owing to the specific position of intersection I 1 and I2 is not included in regularly in the useful length of bar 14.Similarly, the end of bridge connector 14c is not included in regularly in the useful length of bar 14, because it has exceeded first and second confluces slightly, so that guarantee good connection between bridge connector 14c and bar 14a and 14b.
Starting point 14d is connected in the startup powder charge 16 that is arranged on the substrate 12 in the mode that the signal transmission communicates, and the transmission of relaying powder charge 18 holding signals on emitting a 14e and also being arranged on substrate 12 communicates.Start powder charge 16 and can be printed on substrate 12 with corrector strip 20 similar or identical modes according to being used to print regularly bar 14 with relaying powder charge 18.Perhaps, powder charge 16 and 18 can be laid on the substrate 12 by any other suitable method.Powder charge 16 and 18 can, but need not form by the high energy nano material.
In various embodiment of the present invention, regularly bar is deposited on the substrate, and has the starting point that is positioned to accept input signal, and spaced apart with starting point, and is positioned to start emitting a little of output signal.Regularly bar is in starting point with the length between emitting a little, promptly in its starting point and the fore-and-aft distance between emitting a little along the timing bar be useful length; Regularly determined the combustion time of the useful length of bar to start time delay between the output signal at accept input signal and its of timing bar.Regularly bar can be configured to straight, crooked, zigzag or other pattern, so that the useful length of required timing bar to be provided.Substrate is a kind of reaction substrate alternatively, the reaction of the high energy material in its participation or the promotion timing bar (with optional following corrector strip).
Generally speaking, holding signal transmission relation between the output of the startup powder charge of the starting point of bar and signal transmission fuse regularly, and regularly bar is emitted between a little relaying powder charge and the explosive release (the delay capsular that for example comprises delay unit of the present invention is exported explosive filler) holding signal and is transmitted and communicate.Thereby, generally speaking (1) start powder charge be arranged in the output of signal transmission fuse and regularly between the starting point of bar the holding signal transmission communicate, (2) relaying powder charge is arranged to transmit and communicate with a holding signal of emitting of bar regularly.Starting powder charge and relaying powder charge can be deposited on the substrate by printing or any other suitable method.
The hacksaw structure of some bars just is used for providing long useful length in the limited area that substrate 12 is provided.Obviously, can use any suitable bar pattern (volution, snakelike or the like).Certainly substrate 12 can have the virtually any size that suitable delay unit is used.Be used for the delay unit of standard-sized primer casing for intention, as described below, substrate 12 will have the width that is chosen near the primer casing internal diameter usually, thereby can relevantly be engaged in the primer casing.Size is suitable for fitting snugly in installation frame (not shown) in the primer casing and is used for support substrates 12 alternatively, and its size is suitable for installation frame.Substrate 12 will have the length of about 1/4th inches (0.64cm) to about 1.2 inches (3.05cm) usually, so that be engaged at an easy rate in the standard-sized primer casing.The substrate 12 that can make by traditional printed circuit board (PCB), its needs are enough thick, so that enough hardness and physical strengths to be provided, so as make and be installed to explosive release during be convenient to handle, and can not cause bar generation physical deformation on the active face.For example, to can be about 1/16 to 1/8 inch (0.159 to 0.318cm) thick for substrate 12.Arrow S and E among Fig. 1 are described below.
Delay unit 10 can stand the check of test cell that the powder charge 22 that begins to glisten is lighted.To corrector strip 20 burning and the powder charge 24 of glistening of will terminate light accurately reading of needed time cycle and can realize by any suitable measuring apparatus.Corrector strip 20 is burnt to the 24 needed time cycles of terminal point powder charge of corrector strip 20 from the powder charge 22 of the starting point of corrector strip 20, for example can be easily carry out electronics and read by measuring time delay between twice flash of light that powder charge 22 and 24 produced.The length of the measured timed interval and known corrector strip 20 can be convenient to calculate the rate of combustion (distance of time per unit, for example centimeters per second) of corrector strip 20.The rate of combustion of corrector strip 20 will be identical with the rate of combustion of timing bar 14, because regularly bar 14 is by a collection of high energy material ink identical or same with corrector strip 20, and preferably form with printing under identical printing condition during the identical manufacturing operation.Regularly bar preferably has identical thickness and width with corrector strip, and is arranged on identical substrate or the identical substrate material, burns with essentially identical speed to promote regularly bar 14 and corrector strip 20.In other embodiments, regularly bar 14 integral body are made by the high energy material ink identical with corrector strip 20.
In case rate of combustion is known, be that the speed that signal moves along timing bar 14 is known, the structure of bridge connector 14c with and may be selected to the plotted point of article one 14a and second 14b and to make and produced the required delay period that is used for delay unit 10 from starting point 14d to the active combustion length of emitting a 14e.To be used for determining regularly that at corrector strip 20 bridge connector 14c lays under the situation of the useful length of bar 14 after laying bar 14a and 14c.In case determine, follow-up delay unit 10 can be by laying bar 14a under the condition of not using corrector strip 20,14b and 14c and make.Therefore, bar 14a, 14b and 14c can lay simultaneously or with any desired sequence.When using new in batches high energy material ink, or use corrector strip 20 as quality inspection at interval at specific time.The useful length of timing bar 14 of the delay period of regulation can accurately be provided to provide by the damage test of corrector strip 20.
After the bar that is laid and powder charge drying or sclerosis, can carry out any required back printing treatment or processing to delay unit 10, for example alternatively paint film, laminate layers or other coating are applied to ＂ active face ＂ and go up (laying the surface of the substrate 12 of bar).Add as alternative or conduct, can use potting compound to seal regularly bar 14 or its part, and/or powder charge 16 and 18.Optionally laminate layers or coating can be to the combustion reactions inert, and perhaps it can comprise oxygenant or fuel or the two, and it all participates in printed combustion reactions.For example, alternative fuel bed and oxygenant layer can be used as coating and are laid on the bar that is laid.In one embodiment, the oxygenant layer can directly be laid on the bar that is laid, the lining fuel bed, and it is then covered by another oxygenant layer.Below description be can be used for the bar that laid and the optionally specific oxygenant and the fuel of coating.Oxygenant and/or fuel coating (＂ responding layer ＂) can be lighted timing bar 14 to guarantee not lighting of corrector strip 20 being covered in the responding layer on the corrector strip 20 and being covered in regularly that discontinuity ground lays between the responding layer on the bar 14.
Regularly bar 14 and corrector strip 20 can for example be used for printing technology with the graphics industry substrate 12 that is laid in by any suitable printing or deposition technique.Explanation is and unrestricted as an example, and these technology comprise method for printing screen, spray ink Printing, mould printing, transfer printing, photogravure and other this class technology.
The illustrated embodiment of Fig. 1 is configured to provide any required time delay, from by utilizing the obtainable maximum value of total length of second 14b and article one 14a, to by printing bridge connector 14c obtainable minimum value, thereby be provided between powder charge 16 and 18 short line along the timing bar.For example, can many methods improve the configuration of the bar shown in Fig. 1.Thereby the point that the configuration by selecting bridge connector 14c (straight line, sawtooth, crooked or the like) and article one 14a and second 14b are connected with bridge connector 14c can be adjusted the useful length of required timing bar 14.Other facilitated method comprises that the straight line portion that makes in one or more produces zigzag structure, otherwise or, or otherwise change the structure of bar, to obtain any one of them time delay of a large amount of time delays.
Should understand, can carry out many variations the bar pattern shown in Fig. 1.For example, can omit second 14b, and can be along any required path between any chosen point on article one 14a of Fig. 1 and relaying powder charge 18, straight line, sawtooth, bridge connector 14c is printed in direct or zigzag path.
In certain embodiments, the part of timing bar 14, for example bridge connector 14c and optionally second 14b can comprise high energy material, it is with the speed burning more faster than article one 14a.In this device, very fast incendiary bar is made into short as much as possible, and select its composition,, make that comparatively speaking be insignificant with combustion time of article one 14a total combustion time of useful length of very fast incendiary bar so that under high as far as possible speed, burn.Therefore the configuration that is used for bridge connector 14c and the calculating in orientation have been simplified, because only consideration will produce the useful length of article one 14a of required time delay.For example, referring to Fig. 1, the 14a of first part can be made up of the relatively slow high energy material of rate of combustion, and second section 14b and bridging part 14c can be made by the comparatively faster high energy material of rate of combustion.The pattern length of bridging part 14c and second section 14b can be made into the length much shorter than first part 14a, make second section 14b and bridging part 14c comprise the regularly less important part ＂ of ＂ (useful length) of bar 14 together, and the 14a of first part comprise the regularly ＂ major portion ＂ of the useful length of bar 14.The length that is included in regularly the 14a of first part in the useful length of bar 14 is by determining along the point of the 14a of first part that intersects with bridging part 14c.If the difference on the length of rate of combustion and corresponding major portion and less important part is enough big, along combustion time of part 14b and 14c (the less important part ＂ of ＂) relatively will be insignificant with the combustion time that is included in regularly the part in bar 14 useful lengths (＂ major portion ＂) along the 14a of first part.＂ ＂ combustion time makes signal move the time span that is spent along the specified portions (length) of timing bar.In other embodiments, can eliminate second section 14b, and only use bridge connector 14c to connect 14a of first part and relaying powder charge 18.Under any circumstance, use rate of combustion high energy material faster will be connected in the relaying powder charge 18 along the selected position of the relatively slow 14a of first part of rate of combustion, this has simplified calculating, must take into account the combustion time of the length of the included 14a of first part to determine delay period because have only.
Fig. 2 has shown the synoptic diagram that is included in Fig. 1 delay unit 10 in other traditional detonator.Fig. 2 has shown detonator 26, and it comprises the shell 28 with blind end 28a and opening end 28b.Explosive filler, the detonator that for example has lead azoimide initiating charge 30a and PETN main charge 30b is exported powder charge 30, and it is included in the shell of blind end 28b.Detonator 26 comprises shock tubing 32 in the embodiment shown at its opening end 28b received signal transmission fuse, and it comprises the high energy material (not shown) on the wall 32a within it of being covered.Lining 34 is positioned to sealable opening end 28b, and remains on the correct position by the flanging 28c that forms in the shell 28, so that the relative environmental sealing in the inside of shell 28 is got up, this is well-known in the art.Output terminal 32b and detonator at shock tubing 32 are exported the alternative traditional pyrotechnics delay unit 10 of the delay unit of having inserted Fig. 1 between the powder charge 30.The member of tradition detonator 26, for example be used to prevent core insulator, cushion disk(-sc), scraping ring of static discharge unintentionally or the like, can from the synoptic diagram of Fig. 2, dispense,, and not form a part of the present invention because this is well-known for those of skill in the art.
Those of skill in the art are well-known to be, the high energy material that the detonating device (not shown) will be included in the shock tubing 32 is lighted.Caused input signal (being represented by arrow S among Fig. 1) moves through shock tubing 32, and the startup powder charge 16 of detonating, and it is then lighted article one 14a at its starting point 14d place.Article one, 14a burning, and after for some time, bridge connector 14c is lighted, it is then lighted second 14b.When the burning of second 14b reaches when emitting a some 14e, relaying powder charge 18 is lighted, and output energy signal (being represented by arrow E among Fig. 1), thereby causes initiating charge 30a to light, it is then lighted main charge 30b, thereby the output explosion energy of detonator 26 is provided.
Delay unit of the present invention can be inserted into (Fig. 2 and 2A) in traditional primer casing 28, and is configured to and can reserves very big freeboard volume 29a on arbitrary limit of delay unit 10 in shell 28, and 29b is as shown in Fig. 2 A figure.The inside diameter D of traditional primer casing 28 (Fig. 2 A) is 0.256 inch (0.650cm).Should understand that delay unit of the present invention can be incorporated in any suitable device; It is incorporated in the delay detonator is the wherein a kind of of many potential application.
As mentioned above, the processing requirements of traditional pyrotechnics delay unit comprises and utilizes the pyrotechnics composition to fill lead pipe or tin-tube, and pipe is left behind to the diameter that significantly reduces.This related treatment step has omitted by practice of the present invention, and its needs printing operation is made pyrotechnics delay unit.The present invention thereby reduced material requirements and processing requirements significantly, the pyrotechnics delay unit that provides precision to improve greatly simultaneously.
The option that provides on substrate and utilize corrector strip also is provided in the present invention, the time delay precision that is provided by timing bar 14 with further raising.Deposit above corrector strip can be deposited on regularly on the identical substrate of bar, perhaps it can be deposited on the test substrate separately.Regularly bar and corrector strip can be by same ink in about identical times, and come out in same or analogous condition deposit, to help guaranteeing that it has rate of combustion identical or much at one.Optionally, preferably the two is laid into discrete fuel bed and oxygenant layer with timing bar and optional corrector strip one of them.Although the preparation high energy material done greatly has been absorbed in, comprised the high energy ink that the present invention conceives, because of batch difference can change.With providing of all or part timing essentially identical corrector strip of bar, and during manufacturing process, use corrector strip rate of combustion to be carried out timing along corrector strip, and correspondingly dispose regularly bar, thereby realize the extreme of required delay period is controlled and repeatability closely.This advantage be traditional pyrotechnics postpone and manufacturing technology unavailable.
Fig. 3 has shown the delay unit 10 of the Fig. 1 that is laid with first responding layer 36 and second responding layer 38.Responding layer 36 covers in the powder charge 22 that begins to glisten, corrector strip 20 and the termination flash of light powder charge 24.Responding layer 36 is isolated with responding layer 38, promptly is not successive with it, and responding layer 38 covers and starts powder charge 16, on relaying powder charge 18 and the timing bar 14.This has prevented from owing to lighting of bar 14 of timing corrector strip 20 to be lighted.In some cases, responding layer will promptly have only that part of of first responding layer 36 of keeping in touch with corrector strip 20 (with powder charge 22 and 24) to burn only along the path burning of bar.In this case, will not need to make first responding layer 36 and second responding layer 38 to isolate.In coating or laminate layers is not under the situation of responding layer, does not need to isolate in coating on the corrector strip 20 and the coating on the timing bar 14.
Referring now to Fig. 4,, it has schematically shown the production line that is used to make delay unit of the present invention.Endless belt conveyer 40 carries a plurality of substrates 12 and sequentially passes first print head 42, and it is applied to suitable high energy material ink on the substrate 12.Ink can comprise the high energy material particulate that is dispersed in the continuous liquid phase.Liquid phase can be an inert continuously, or itself comprises the activeconstituents of high energy material alternatively.In case lay ink dried or sclerosis and stay one or more hardened or the exsiccant high energy material bar that sticks on the substrate.First print head 42 thereby with corrector strip 20, article one 14a and second 14b are applied on the substrate 12.Between bar 14a and 14b, leave the terminal gap.Corrector strip 20 is laid in to calibrate and begins to glisten between powder charge 22 and the calibration termination flash of light powder charge 24.Article one, the end of 14a contacts with starting powder charge 16, and the end of second 14b contacts with relaying powder charge 18.Powder charge 16,18,22 and 24 are laid in before below substrate 12 passes first print head 42 on the substrate 12.Yet, powder charge 16,18,22 and 24 or wherein some can be below substrate 12 passes first print head 42 after or lay simultaneously basically.Fig. 4 A has shown when it leaves stoving oven 44, and has suffered from test board 46 substrate 12 before.
Refer again to Fig. 4, after leaving first print head 42, substrate 12 and the bar 14a that is printed on its active face, 14b and 20 passes stoving oven 44 together, here the bar that is laid is fully dried.The substrate 12 that has printed now pass test board 46 below, will calibrate the powder charge 22 that begins to glisten herein and light.Make corrector strip 20 perfect combustions, and calibration termination flash of light powder charge 24 is lighted needed time span and can be measured by any suitable method.Fig. 4 B has shown will calibrate powder charge 22 and 24 and after corrector strip 20 lights, and the substrate 12 before substrate 12 enters into second print head 48.Usually, optical reader will be measured the time between the flash of light that is caused of lighting that begins to glisten powder charge 22 and calibration termination flash of light powder charge 24 by calibration.These data are recorded on the test board 46, and are used to calculate the rate of combustion of corrector strip 20.Suppose to have identical rate of combustion (Fig. 4 C), can calculate so article one 14a is connected to needed rendezvous position on the second 14b (shown in Fig. 1 as I1 and I2) for the useful length of timing bar 14.Line 50 is connected to test board 46 on second print head 48, to control position and the pattern of the bridge connector 14c that lays by second print head 48, thereby the terminal gap between bridge connector 14a and the 14b, and the regularly useful length (Fig. 4 C) of bar 14 is provided, to give required time delay.Delay unit 10 is unloaded down from travelling belt 40, with further processing, or storage or use.
Practice of the present invention provides adjusts each regularly extremely beneficial performance of bar, so that complete in check precision and accurate combustion time and delay period to be provided.Have only more expensive electronic delay unit just to possess before this independent control.Yet, in some cases, may need only to test the representational sample of given production process by lighting of corrector strip 20.For example, can test in ten, 50 or 100 substrates 12 one by lighting of corrector strip 20.In given manufacturing operation, will show the frequency of test substrate or delay unit, to provide to the precision of the delay unit that provided by particular manufacturing process of being utilized and material and the required degree that accuracy is controlled by experience.Naturally, the test of each delay unit provides to the quality control of the precision of delay period and accuracy at utmost.
Example 1
Employed nano material all is the commercial retrievable material that is provided by the Nanotechnologies Inc. (Nanotec Solution) of the Austin of Texas in this example.By being placed on, nano material and liquid realizes mixing of nano material and liquid in the stainless steel beaker, and in mixture, inserts ultrasonic speaker that it is along with beaker is operated off and on around the speaker rotation and with the equal time length.Mix approximately and carried out 14 minutes, and the temperature of mixture is elevated to about 45 ℃ owing to ultrasonic mixing from about 19 ℃.Afterwards mixture is poured out on the Stainless Steel Disc, so that form film on dish, it heated 11 hours down at 70 ℃.The exsiccant material use brush that is caused peels off and collects from dish.Then in all cases with collected exsiccant material mixing in the nitrocotton paint film, as follows.
0.18 milliliter (ml) n-butyl acetate
0.13ml nitrocotton paint film
0.24 restrain collected exsiccant material
The material complete mechanical ground of these combinations mixes, and is placed in the plastic injector, and it is equipped with the needle point of 0.0052 inch (0.1321 millimeter) caliber.
The ＂ ink ＂ that is caused is applied on the clean aluminium sheet with straight line and wave (waveform) pattern by needle point.The line that is laid is allowed to complete drying by the evaporation of paint film volatile component.
Sample 1A
Nano material:
0.6 restrain 500 to 1, the MoO of 000nm diameter
3Particulate
0.4 the aluminium particulate of gram 80nm diameter
Liquid: 83.4 alkane of restraining oneself
The combustion testing of the line that is laid is characterized as: burn unusual high energy and fully, and do not produce cigarette basically.
Sample 1B
Nano material:
0.561 restrain 500 to 1, the TiO of 000nm diameter
2Particulate
0.44 the aluminium particulate of gram 80nm diameter
Liquid: 90 gram Virahols
The combustion testing of the line that is laid is characterized as: with compare with the material of sample 1A will be slowly many speed burnings, but burning is fully, and does not produce cigarette basically.
Referring to Fig. 5 and 5A, it has schematically shown the delay unit 110 that comprises substrate 112, printing or otherwise be laid with regularly bar 114 on the substrate 112, and it is made up of fuel bed 114a that an oxygenant layer 114b covers.As shown in Figure 5,114b is wideer than fuel bed 114a for the oxygenant layer, and overlaps on the fuel bed 114a, and it as shown in phantom in Figure 5.Though all accompanying drawings all are schematic, and do not draw in proportion, but should understand that these accompanying drawings have shown that (Fig. 5-6A) and the timing bar of narrower (Figure 11 A-11C), it constitutes the broad range of bar (Figure 11 A-11C) and corrector strip (Fig. 6 and 11A-11C) to relative broad.Yet actual length-to-diameter ratio should not infer from synoptic diagram, and term ＂ bar ＂ should not be construed and need screw-shaped to construct, but outside this is not precluded within.Generally speaking, need be used for the needed high energy material quantity of given delay unit with minimizing,, propagate to guarantee reliable signal as long as bar is enough wide and thick with respect to length width smaller (and thickness).
Regularly bar 114 has starting point 114c and emits a 114d, and the distance between these two points defines the regularly ＂ useful length ＂ of bar 114.Starting point 114c is connected in the startup powder charge 116 that is arranged on the substrate 112 by the mode that the signal transmission communicates, and the transmission of relaying powder charge 118 holding signals on emitting a 114d and also being arranged on substrate 112 communicates.Starting powder charge 116 and relaying powder charge 118 can be according to the substrate 112 that is laid in being used for the mode that 114 printings of timing bar or the mode on the substrate 112 of otherwise being laid in is similar or identical.Perhaps, powder charge 116 and 118 can be laid on the substrate 112 by any other suitable method.Powder charge 116 and 118 can, but need not form by the high energy nano material, perhaps it can be made up of traditional explosive material.
In separate operation, lay fuel bed 114a and oxygenant layer 114b provides important security advantages, because it has avoided fuel and oxidizer composition are mixed in the single ink, handle resulting high energy material afterwards, and it is laid in needs on the substrate 112.By laying fuel and oxidizer composition dividually, can utilize with handling the comparatively speaking safer and cheap operation of premixed reacted constituent.Separately the laying of fuel and oxygenant eliminated the demand to some necessary safeguard procedures when handling the reaction mixture of fuel and oxygenant.This safeguard procedures comprise utilizes detonation screen, maintenance temperature and humidity condition, and it will reduce the possibility of unintentionally reaction mixture being lighted, and take safeguard procedures to prevent static discharge, and it may be lighted reaction mixture.
Certainly substrate 112 can have the virtually any size that suitable delay unit is used.Be used for the delay unit of standard-sized primer casing for intention, as described below, substrate 112 will have the width that is chosen near the primer casing internal diameter usually, thereby can relevantly be engaged in the primer casing.Size is suitable for fitting snugly in installation frame (not shown) in the primer casing and is used for support substrates 112 alternatively, makes its size be suitable for installation frame.Substrate 112 will have the length of about 1/4th inches (0.64cm) to about 1.2 inches (3.05cm), so that be engaged at an easy rate in the standard-sized primer casing.The substrate 112 that can make by traditional printed circuit board (PCB), its needs are enough thick, so that enough hardness and physical strengths to be provided, so as make and be installed to explosive release during be convenient to handle, and can not cause bar generation physical deformation on the active face.For example, to can be about 1/16 to 1/8 inch (0.159 to 0.318cm) thick for substrate 112.Arrow S and E in Fig. 5 and 6 are described below.
Referring now to Fig. 6 and 6A,, it has shown the delay unit 210 that comprises substrate 212, and substrate 212 is provided with regularly bar 214, and it is made up of alternative fuel bed 214a and oxygenant layer 214b.Regularly bar 214 has starting point 214c and emits a 214d.Start powder charge 216 and be arranged to and can communicate with the transmission of starting point 214c holding signal, and relaying powder charge 218 be arranged to can with emit a 214d holding signal transmission and communicate.Substrate 212 has active face 212a.
Be arranged on the corrector strip 120 in addition on the active face 212a, its itself is by forming with the alternative fuel bed of timing bar 214 and a plurality of fuel bed 214a and the oxygenant layer 214b of oxygenant layer 214a and the same setting of 214b.Therefore, corrector strip 120 has composition and the structure with timing bar 214 similar (preferably identical), except corrector strip 120 can have certainly than the shorter or longer useful length of the useful length of timing bar 214 and without any the shortcoming.The alternating layer of corrector strip 120 is preferably laid by the ink with the layer same batch of timing bar 214 and forms, and the layer of corrector strip 120 preferred with bar 214 regularly simultaneously, and lay under the same conditions and form.Corrector strip 120 has calibration starting point 120a and a 120b is emitted in calibration, and transmission contacts these points with termination flash of light powder charge 124 holding signals with starting flash of light powder charge 122 respectively.Though corrector strip 120 is shown as on the substrate 212 identical with bar regularly 214 that be laid in, on its substrate (not shown) separately that can be laid in, to prepare for the sample of test as described below.Sample substrate separately preferably has the composition similar or identical with substrate 212.
Regularly the starting point 214c of bar 214 communicates with starting the transmission of powder charge 216 holding signals, and regularly a 214d that emits of bar 214 communicates with the transmission of relaying powder charge 218 holding signals.Corrector strip 120 and its are associated flash of light powder charge 122,124 with regularly bar 214 and its powder charge 216,218 that is associated are spaced apart, thereby lighting of corrector strip 120 and its powder charge that is associated will can not make regularly bar 214 and its powder charge that is associated light.
Delay unit 210 (or the independent sample that does not show, have corrector strip 120 and its powder charge that is associated 122,124 above it) can in test cell, test.The test cell powder charge 122 that will begin to glisten is lighted, and the needed time cycle is lighted in corrector strip 120 burnings and the flash of light powder charge 124 that will terminate carry out reading of precision.This can realize by any suitable measuring apparatus.Corrector strip 120 burns to the 124 needed time cycles of powder charge from powder charge 122, for example can read in the electronics mode by measuring the time delay between twice flash of light that is caused by powder charge 122 and 124 at an easy rate.The length of the measured timed interval and known corrector strip 120 can be convenient to calculate the rate of combustion (distance of time per unit, for example centimeters per second) of corrector strip 120.The rate of combustion of corrector strip 120 will be identical with the rate of combustion of timing bar 214, because regularly bar 214 is by a collection of high energy material composition ink identical or same with corrector strip 120, and preferably forming with printing under identical printing condition during the identical manufacturing operation.Regularly bar preferably has identical layer thickness, width and configuration with corrector strip, and is arranged on identical substrate or the identical substrate material.All these are in order to promote regularly bar 214 and corrector strip 120 to burn with essentially identical speed.
In case rate of combustion, promptly signal is known along the translational speed of corrector strip 120, need have the rate of combustion identical with corrector strip 120 based on timing bar 214 so, determines the useful length of the timing bar 214 that the delay period of expection is required.Thereby can utilize corrector strip 120 as quality control, check regularly whether bar 214 has been applied on the substrate 212.In other cases, corrector strip 120 can be used for determining the regularly length of bar 214.As mentioned above, each delay unit of manufacturing or have only wherein selected delay unit to test remains on the time lag cycle in the required scope guaranteeing.Be also noted that above powder charge 216,218 can be laid on the timing bar 214 that is pre-existing in, it makes required more longer a little than the time lag cycle of expection.Powder charge 216 and 218 is placed on regularly on the bar 214, apart selected distance, do not covered by powder charge 216 and 218 to provide, and the useful length of the timing bar 214 between powder charge 216 and 218, it will give required delay period based on using corrector strip 120 determined rate of combustion.
Regularly bar 114,214 and corrector strip 120 can for example be used for printing technology with graphics industry by any suitable printing or deposition technique and be laid on the substrate 112,212.Explanation is and unrestricted as an example, and these technology comprise method for printing screen, spray ink Printing, mould printing, transfer printing and other this class technology.
Delay unit of the present invention can be inserted into (Fig. 7 and 7A) in traditional primer casing 128, and is configured to and can reserves big freeboard volume 129a on arbitrary limit of delay unit 110 in shell 128,129b, as shown in Figure 7A.The inside diameter D of traditional primer casing 128 (Fig. 7 A) is about 0.256 inch (0.650cm).
Above-mentioned delay unit can be encapsulated in any suitable packaged material, for example is generally used for the potting compound of encapsulating electronic components type.Packaged material is configured to provide suitable required purpose shape and size.For example, if the delay unit intention is used for the delay detonator of conventional size, packaged material is configured as the right cylinder of rounded section so, and its external diameter closely is engaged in the internal diameter of standard primer casing.In packaged material, formed suitable passage, so that allow input and output signal from delay unit.
Perhaps, packaged material can comprise any suitable non-reaction wood bed of material or the laminate layers that is deposited on regularly on the bar simply; Described layer can be by spraying, other suitable technique of laying, smear, print, laying laminated film or being used to lay this lamination coating of rolling deposits.
The encapsulation of delay unit can be used for several purposes, comprise timing bar isolation environment effect, for example from the pressure pulse of shock tubing (it may influence the regularly rate of combustion of bar), can make the delay fuze element of forming by the timing bar on the substrate meet container or pack for example shape of standard primer casing, and prevent the short circuit or the arcing of the delay fuze composition that the terminal splash (flame pulse signal) owing to shock tubing causes.
Fig. 7 B is the skeleton view of cylindrical embedding body 158, wherein embedding delay unit 710.Delay unit 710 is similar to delay unit 210 shown in Figure 6, and comprises substrate 712, is provided with corrector strip 720 above it, and it will be calibrated the powder charge 722 that begins to glisten and be connected in the calibration termination flash of light powder charge 724.Timing bar 714 will start powder charge 716 and relaying powder charge 718 couples together.Corrector strip 720 can be used for test control purpose as mentioned above, and perhaps it can be simply covered and be not used by embedding body 158 (or the embedding body 158 shown in Fig. 7 E ').If do not use corrector strip 720 before, in case when so delay unit 710 being encapsulated in embedding body 158 or 158 ' middle, obviously be useless.Delay unit of the present invention can not have to make under the condition of corrector strip certainly in the above, and in this case, calibration is not regarded as necessary, perhaps calibration be with the isolated substrate of the substrate that is used for delay unit on carry out.
The cylindrical structure of embedding body 158 is dimensioned to can have outside diameter d (Fig. 7 B), and it will fit snugly in the inside diameter D (Fig. 7 D) of primer casing 128.This has promoted manufacturing process, because columniform embedding body 158 is than not embedding delay unit Fig. 6 for example, the delay unit shown in 6A and the 7A is easier to be inserted in the inside of shell 128.(insertion that is apparent that delay unit and other member occurs in and forms flanging 128c (Fig. 6), so that shock tubing 132 is remained on before the correct position.) embedding body 158 also improved the physical strength of delay unit 710, and protects it in the manipulation process of manufacturing process and transportation, if before being inserted in the explosive release, transport.
As shown in Fig. 7 C and 7D, embedding body 158 closely is engaged in (Fig. 7) in the primer casing 128, and lining 134 keeps shock tubing 132 and is positioned in the primer casing 128.The access road 160 of embedding body 158 is aimed at the inside of shock tubing 132 (with starting powder charge 716).The exit passageway 162 of embedding body 158 is aimed at relaying powder charge 718, and export powder charge 130 with detonator and aim at, more particularly, 130a aims at its lead azoimide initiating charge, and initiating charge 130a is inserted between the output signal of PETN main charge 130b and arrow E representative.
Though as mentioned above, the cylindrical structure of embedding body 158 is very suitable for for example using in the shell 128 at columniform primer casing,, embedding body obviously can adopt other suitable shape, is used for the device of circle or noncircular cross section.Even when being used for primer casing 128, as shown in Fig. 7 E, embedding body does not need to have circular cylinder form, but can be for example, comprise cover regularly the buried layer 158 of bar 714 ', thereby in primer casing 128, reserve freeboard 129a and 129b on arbitrary limit of delay unit 712.Buried layer 158 ' in also provide and entrance and exit passage 160, the 162 corresponding entrance and exit passages shown in Fig. 7 B and the 7C (among Fig. 7 E show).Also can the be laid in downside of substrate 712 of embedding material as shown in Fig. 7 E, so that the embedding body of thicker delay unit 710 to be provided, thereby improves its physical strength, and is convenient to be inserted in the primer casing 128.
The most general fuel that is used for the nano high-energy material of delay unit use of the present invention is Al, and Cu and Ag mainly are because they are highly conduction, cheap relatively, and be proved to be can (about 20 to about 1,500nm) diameter particulate safety cooperation, and give good performance with ＂ nanometer ＂.Generally speaking, knowledge is used to lay regularly the nanoparticle of bar and corrector strip according to the present invention, is M '+M to its useful paired fuel and oxidant reactant
xO
y, wherein M ' is suitable metallic fuel, and M is different with M ', and is the suitable metal that adopts oxide form, x and y are positive integers, for example, and 1,2,3...n, it can be identical or different.M ' and M
xO
yNano level particulate must can be reduced to.According to practice of the present invention, adopt the suitable metallic fuel of nanoparticle form to comprise Ag, Al, B, Cu, Hf, Si, Sn, Ta, W, Y and Zr.Known nano aluminum thermit powder comprises following stoichiometric paired fuel and oxidant reactant, and its energy that is selected from the theory of above-mentioned paper ＂ thermite, intermetallic compound and combustible metal discharges cited those fuel and oxidant reactant among the table 1a of ＂ (＂ Sandia paper ＂).Below specific paired reactant be considered to be fit to practice of the present invention.It has shown the stoichiometric ratio of fuel and oxide compound; The present invention practice can, but do not need to adopt this fuel and oxygenant stoichiometric ratio.
2Al+3AgO; 2Al+3Ag
2O; 2Al+B
2O
32Al+Bi
2O
32Al+3CoO; 8Al+3Co
3O
42Al+Cr
2O
32Al+3CuO; 2Al+3Cu
2O; 2Al+Fe
2O
38Al+3Fe
3O
42Al+3HgO; 10Al+3I
2O
54Al+3MnO
22Al+MoO
310Al+3Nb
2O
52Al+3NiO; 2Al+Ni
2O
32Al+3PbO; 4Al+3PbO
28Al+3Pb
3O
42Al+3PdO; 4Al+3SiO
22Al+3SnO; 4Al+3SnO
210Al+3Ta
2O
54Al+3TiO
216Al+3U
3O
810Al+3V
2O
54Al+3WO
22Al+WO
32B+Cr
2O
32B+3CuO; 2B+Fe
2O
38B+3Fe
3O
44B+3MnO
28B+3Pb
3O
43Hf+2B
2O
33Hf+2Cr
2O
3Hf+2CuO; 3Hf+2Fe
2O
32Hf+Fe
3O
4Hf+MnO
22Hf+Pb
3O
4Hf+SiO
22La+3AgO; 2La+3CuO; 2La+Fe
2O
32La+3HgO; 10La+3I
2O
54La+3MnO
22La+3PbO; 4La+3PbO
28La+3Pb
3O
42La+3PdO; 4La+3WO
22La+WO
33Mg+B
2O
33Mg+Cr
2O
3Mg+CuO; 3Mg+Fe
2O
34Mg+Fe
2O
42Mg+MnO
24Mg+Pb
3O
42Mg+SiO
22Nd+3AgO; 2Nd+3CuO; 2Nd+3HgO; 10Nd+3I
2O
54Nd+3MnO
24Nd+3PbO
28Nd+3Pb
3O
42Nd+3PdO; 4Nd+3WO
22Nd+WO
32Ta+5AgO; 2Ta+5CuO; 6Ta+5Fe
2O
32Ta+5HgO; 2Ta+I
2O
52Ta+5PbO; 4Ta+5PbO
28Ta+5Pb
3O
42Ta+5PdO; 4Ta+5WO
26Ta+5WO
33Th+2B
2O
33Th+Cr
2O
3Th+2CuO; 3Th+2Fe
2O
32Th+Fe
3O
4Th+MnO
2Th+PbO
22Th+Pb
3O
4Th+SiO
23Ti+2B
2O
33Ti+2Cr
2O
3Ti+2CuO; 3Ti+2Fe
2O
3Ti+Fe
3O
4Ti+MnO
22Ti+Pb
3O
4Ti+SiO
22Y+3CuO; 8Y+3Fe
3O
410Y+3I
2O
54Y+3MnO
22Y+MoO
32Y+Ni
2O
34Y+3PbO
22Y+3PdO; 4Y+3SnO
210Y+3Ta
2O
510Y+3V
2O
52Y+WO
33Zr+2B
2O
33Zr+2Cr
2O
3Zr+2CuO; 3Zr+2Fe
2O
32Zr+Fe
3O
4Zr+MnO
22Zr+Pb
3O
4And Zr+SiO
2
Below be selected from metal oxide among the table 3a of Sandia paper is considered to be appropriate to be used as oxygenant in practice of the present invention nanoparticle, that is: Ag
2O; Al
2O
3B
2O
3BeO; Bi
2O
3Ce
2O
3CoO; Cr
2O
3Cs
2O; Cs
2O
3CsO
2CuO; Cu
2O; Fe
2O
3Fe
3O
4HfO
2La
2O
3Li
2O; MgO; Mn
3O
4MoO
3Nb
2O
5Nd
2O
3NiO; Pb
3O
4PdO; Pt
3O
4SiO
2SnO
2SrO
2Ta
2O
5ThO
2TiO
2U
3O
8V
2O
5WO
2WO
3Y
2O
3ZnO; And ZrO
2
Except top known paired metal and metal oxide fuel and oxidant reactant, TiO
2, the not known so far oxygenant that is suitable as nanoparticle thermite composition, it is very suitable in the present invention's practice, especially when being used in combination as metallic fuel with Al.
Remain apart at oxygenant and fuel composition, and under the situation on the substrate that is laid in dividually, laying is according on the substrate that fuel and zone of oxidation separately are laid in, and its mode that contacts with each other is carried out.Contact can be to be close to contact, peripheral overlapping contact or complete overlapping contact, and soon one deck will be laid in, and another also covers it above layer fully.Can adopt two or more alternative fuel and oxidizer materials layer, for example, nanometer fuel and oxidizer materials in fuel bed and oxygenant layer.As described in other place of this paper, in high energy material, can provide the gap, to improve combustion time under specific circumstances.
The order that fuel bed and oxygenant layer are applied on the substrate is not crucial, that is, the oxygenant layer can be at first sedimentary layer, and fuel bed can be deposited on the oxygenant layer.
Fig. 7 has shown the Fig. 6 that is included in other traditional detonator 126 and the synoptic diagram of Fig. 6 a delay unit 210.Detonator 126 comprises traditional shell 128, and it has blind end 128a and opening end 128b.Explosive filler, the traditional detonator that for example has lead azoimide initiating charge 130a and PETN main charge 130b is exported powder charge 130, then is included in the shell 128, is positioned at blind end 128a.Detonator 126 comprises shock tubing 132 in the embodiment shown at its opening end 128b received signal transmission fuse, and it comprises the high energy material (not shown) on the wall 132a within it of being covered.Lining 134 is positioned to sealable opening end 128b, and remain on the correct position by the flanging 128c that forms in the shell 128, so that the relative environmental sealing in the inside of shell 28 is got up, and with shock tubing location with remain on the correct position, this is well-known in the art.Output terminal 32b and detonator at shock tubing 132 are exported delay unit 210 alternative traditional pyrotechnics delay units of having inserted Fig. 5 and 5A between the powder charge 130.The member of traditional detonator 126, for example prevent core insulator, cushion disk(-sc), wiper ring of the static discharge that causes because of carelessness or the like, can from the synoptic diagram of Fig. 7, dispense,, and not form a part of the present invention because this is well-known for those of skill in the art.
Those of skill in the art are well-known to be, the high energy material that the detonating device (not shown) will be included in the shock tubing 132 is lighted.(in Fig. 7) moves through shock tubing 132 by the caused input signal that arrow S represents among Fig. 6, and the startup powder charge 216 of the delay unit 210 of detonating, and it is then lighted timing bar 214 at its starting point 214d place.Regularly bar 214 is along its length burning, and after burning reaches the time of emitting a 214d, relaying powder charge 218 is lighted, and generation is by the output energy signal of arrow E representative among Fig. 6 (with Fig. 7 C), 130a lights with initiating charge, its main charge 130b that then detonator is exported powder charge 130 lights, thereby the output explosion energy of detonator 126 is provided.By in detonator 126, using any delay unit 110 shown in other, 310,410,510,610 or 710 can obtain identical result, therefore do not need its details of repetition to describe, also shown input signal and shown resulting output energy by arrow E by arrow S except noting Fig. 5 and 7C.
The oxygenant of high energy material and fuel composition can be laid on the substrate dividually, constitute a kind of pattern that the oxygenant that separately lays and fuel coating are contacted with each other on substrate.Thereby, Fig. 8 has shown embodiments of the invention, and it comprises the delay unit of being made up of substrate 312 310, deposits the timing bar 314 of net-like pattern above the substrate, it is made up of fuel bed 314a, is laid with a plurality of oxygenant layer 314b that constitute the polka dot pattern above it.Perhaps, fuel bed 314a can have the ＂ hole ＂ that is filled by the oxygenant polka dot, and wherein oxygenant polka dot and fuel bed overlap each other.The pattern of this fuel and oxygenant, the purpose that comprises those patterns shown in Fig. 9 A and the 9B are the regularly rate of combustion of bar 314 of control, so that obtain predetermined combustion time or limit combustion time, the data that effect is drawn as corrector strip.Space between the polka dot of the oxygenant layer 314b that is laid provides ＂ sudden change gap ＂ in the time series effectively.This sudden change gap is enough little, makes it can not stop combustion reactions, but skips the place (sudden change gap) that does not have oxygenant or do not have fuel that reaction is slowed down is slow by requiring to react.These are formed the effect of laying of patterns thereby the sudden change gap are provided, and it works according to the mode similar to the sudden change gap 164 shown in Figure 12, and its intermediate gap 164 contains no oxidizing agent and fuel, and is as described below.Start powder charge 316 and contact in the transmission of its starting point 314c place holding signal, and relaying powder charge 318 and timing bar 314 are emitted a 314d place holding signal at it and transmitted and contact with bar 314 regularly.The reproduction of Fig. 8 is schematically, and obviously can will more or less be laid on the fuel bed 314a with the ＂ polka dot ＂ of either large or small oxidizer materials.In addition, as in all embodiments, can lay alternative fuel bed and oxygenant layer.Thereby the second fuel bed (not shown) can be laid on the polka dot oxygenant layer, the second polka dot oxygenant layer (not shown), second fuel bed that can be laid in, or the like.
Fig. 9 A and 9B have shown the manufacturing stage of delay unit 410, and wherein (Fig. 9 A) fuel bed 414a is laid on the substrate 412 with chequer, and on oxygenant layer 414b (Fig. 9 B) chequer that is laid in, with the space of the chequer that covers fuel bed.One of them of fuel bed 414a and oxygenant layer 414b or the two grid are preferably made super-huge, make the grid of adjacent fuel and oxygenant at the grid imbricate, form excellent contact each other to guarantee fuel bed and oxygenant layer.As shown in Fig. 9 B, start powder charge 416 and relaying powder charge 418 and be positioned to respectively with timing bar 414 starting point 414c and emit a 414d holding signal transmit and contact.
Referring now to Figure 10,, it has schematically shown an embodiment of the production line that is used to make delay unit of the present invention with front view.Endless belt conveyer 136 carries a plurality of substrates 512 and passes first print head 138 sequentially, its according to suitable pattern with on fuel bed (among Figure 10 show) substrate 512 that is laid in.After leaving first print head 138, the substrate 512 that is laid with fuel bed above passes first stoving oven 140, in this stoving oven with the fuel bed complete drying that is laid.Substrate 512 passes below second print head 142 then, and it lays oxidizer materials layer (not showing Figure 10) with suitable pattern, and it contacts with the fuel bed that lays before.Substrate 512 passes second stoving oven 144 then, in this stoving oven with the oxygenant layer complete drying that is laid.If lay a plurality of fuel beds and oxygenant layer, so can be as required iterative process repeatedly, perhaps travelling belt can be extended, to hold extra print head and stoving oven.In some cases, can before drying, lay fuel bed and oxygenant layer.Remove final delay unit 510 from travelling belt then.
The present invention possesses the unitary significant advantage of the conventional smoke of surmounting ignition delay.One of them advantage is, with the needed pyrotechnic material quantity of metal shell pipe of the traditional filling pyrotechnics that is used to provide the same delay cycle comparatively speaking, printed or otherwise sedimentary bar of the present invention needs much smaller high energy material amount.Utilize the remarkable minimizing on the attainable high energy material amount of the present invention not only to reduce material cost, and improve or overcome exhausting problem.Being formed in the delay unit or in its shell of the combustion product of the high energy material of delay unit produced pressure, and this pressure increment influences rate of combustion, thereby precision and the reliability that obtains required time delay had a negative impact.Compare with traditional pyrotechnics phantastron, in the present invention's practice the use of very small amount of high energy material is greatly reduced the quantity of gaseous reaction products, even can use the pyrotechnics composition that produces gas as the nano high-energy material.In addition, the present invention also comprises the use thermite material as the nanometer pyrotechnic material, and thermite material can not produce significant (or any) combustion product.
The option that provides on substrate and utilize corrector strip also is provided in the present invention, the time delay precision that is provided by timing bar 114 with further raising.Although the preparation high energy material done greatly has been absorbed in, comprise fuel and oxygenant ink that the present invention conceives,, because of batch difference can change.With providing of all or part timing essentially identical corrector strip of bar, and during manufacturing process, use corrector strip rate of combustion to be carried out timing along corrector strip, and correspondingly dispose regularly bar, thereby realize extremely accurate control and repeatability to required delay period.This advantage be traditional pyrotechnics postpone and manufacturing technology unavailable.
Referring now to Figure 11 and 11A-11C,, it has schematically shown another embodiment and the resulting product of the production line of an embodiment who is used to make delay unit of the present invention.The embodiment of Figure 11 A-11C has shown manufacture method of the present invention, wherein bridge connector is laid on the substrate with selected position and configuration, with closed discontinuity, promptly, the terminal gap is incorporated into the timing bar part of initially laying, and the useful length of selected timing bar is provided.Endless belt conveyer 146 carries a plurality of substrates 612 and sequentially passes first couple of print head 148a, 148b, and it is applied on the substrate 612 with corrector strip 620 with by the part timing bar 614 (Figure 11 C) that article one 614x and second 614y form.Print head 148a comprises fuel composition, for example, comprises the ink of fuel particles, and print head 148b comprises oxidizer composition, for example, comprises the ink of oxygenant particulate.Fuel and oxidizer composition can separately be handled, and store and lay, and have therefore avoided storing and lay the demand of the reaction mixture of dangerous fuel and oxygenant to handling.According to this practice, fuel and oxidizer composition or contact after preferably on being laid in substrate only during being laid on the substrate each other.Corrector strip 620 is laid in to calibrate and begins to glisten between powder charge 622 and the calibration termination flash of light powder charge 624.Article one, the end of 614x contacts with starting powder charge 616, and the end of second 614y contacts with relaying powder charge 618.Can pass first couple of print head 148a at substrate 612, below the 148b before, afterwards, or side by side, one or more powder charges 616,618,622 and 624 are laid on the substrate 612.
In an illustrated embodiment, article one 614x has hacksaw structure so that increase its useful length, thereby and increase its combustion time, and bar 614y is straight.Corrector strip 620 (Figure 11 A) similarly has hacksaw structure, and is beginning the extension between powder charge 622 and the termination flash of light powder charge 624 of glistening.By lighting of the powder charge 622 that begins to glisten, can calculate corrector strip 620 and thereby the rate of combustion of bar 614 regularly, with the total length of the needed timing bar 614 of delay period of determining expection.This will determine structure and the orientation of needed bridge connector 614z, and it will produce required delay period.
The same with other embodiment, corrector strip 620 and timing bar 614 are to lay in the step of separating, thereby lay the fuel and the oxidizer composition of corrector strip 620 and timing bar 614 dividually.Corrector strip 620 and regularly bar 614 preferably make by identical materials, and in the quantity of fuel bed and oxygenant layer be configured to identically in proper order, make its corresponding rate of combustion basic identical.
Leaving first couple of print head 148a, after the 148b, be laid with on its active face 612a, for example be printed with bar 614x, 614y and 620 substrate 612 will pass stoving oven 150, in this stoving oven with the bar complete drying that is laid.Figure 11 A has shown when it leaves stoving oven 150, and has suffered from testing table 152 substrate 612 before.The substrate 612 that has printed now pass test board 152 below, the powder charge 622 that herein calibration of at least some substrates 612 begun to glisten is lighted.Make corrector strip 620 perfect combustions, and will calibrate termination flash of light powder charge 624 and light needed time span and can measure by any suitable method.Figure 11 B has shown will calibrate powder charge 622 and 624 and after corrector strip 620 lights, and enter into second couple of print head 154a, the substrate 612 before the 154b at substrate 612.
Usually, optical reader will be measured the time between the flash of light that is caused of lighting that begins to glisten powder charge 622 and calibration termination flash of light powder charge 624 by calibration.These data are recorded on the test board 152.The recorded rate of combustion that is used to calculate corrector strip 620, and the supposition rate of combustion is calculated needed position of bridge connector 614z and structure for the useful length identical (Figure 11 C) of timing bar 614.Line 156 is connected to second couple of print head 154a with test board 152, on the 154b, to control by second couple of print head 154a, position and the pattern of the bridge connector 614z that 154b laid, thereby provide the regularly useful length (Figure 11 C) of bar 614, to give required time delay.Print head 154a comprises oxidizer composition, and print head 154b comprises fuel composition, so that these compositions are spaced apart, up to being laid on the substrate, as print head 148a, 148b is the same.Delay unit 610 is unloaded down from travelling belt 146, with further processing, or storage or use.
As mentioned above, not that each delay unit all must be lighted and tests by corrector strip that it is associated or test usefulness.For example, light one of them that to test in ten, 50 or 100 substrates 12 by corrector strip 20 that be associated or test usefulness.In given manufacturing operation, will show the frequency of test substrate or delay unit, so that the required degree that the precision of the delay unit that provided by specific manufacturing process of being utilized and material is controlled to be provided by experience.
In some embodiments of the invention, regularly bar interrupts, and that is to say, provides the gap in the timing bar, to limit its regularly characteristic.These gaps are enough little, make signal with jump gaps, and move to from starting point and to emit a little.Under the situation of separately laying fuel bed and oxygenant layer, this can pass through fuel bed and the oxygenant layer cuts off or just with one of them layer, for example, the oxygenant layer is that successive is realized and stay fuel bed.This aspect of the present invention is not limited to simple gap is provided in the timing bar, but this gap can have any suitable geometrical shape.For example, the gap can provide forming V-shape arm shape, spiral or pattern that other is suitable.
Referring now to Figure 12,, it has shown the delay unit 810 that comprises substrate 812, and substrate 812 is provided with regularly bar 814.(omitted startup powder charge and relaying powder charge among Figure 12, but the input signal S and the output signal E that are provided by this startup powder charge and relaying powder charge are respectively represented by the label arrow.) as above described with respect to other embodiment, input signal S representative is used for will starting the input that powder charge is lighted, the output of the relaying powder charge that output signal E representative has been lighted.Visible regularly bar 814 has a plurality of jump gaps 164 that form among the figure between the part 814a of timing bar 814.In this article with claim in the ＂ sudden change gap ＂ that uses refer to not that (this and above-mentioned terminal gap have formed contrast along the gap of timing bar transmission even as big as stoping igniting signal, above-mentioned terminal gap needs the bridge joint or the closure of bridge connector, emits a little to allow igniting signal to move to from the starting point of timing bar).When input signal S will start powder charge (not showing among Figure 12) when lighting, the part 814a of the most close input arrow S is lighted in the output of startup powder charge, and the adjacent part 814a in sudden change gap 164 is crossed in the output arcing of its part 814a that detonates, and the sort of arcing is carried out repetition shown in the arrow F among Figure 12, up to the part 814a of the most close output arrow E relaying powder charge (not showing among Figure 12) is lighted.Providing of sudden change gap 164 slowed down the progress that signal transmits along timing bar 814 length, because all run into delay at each sudden change 164 place, gap.That is to say, if by bar 814 gap 164 that do not suddenly change regularly of the time ratio that arcing spent shown in the arrow F, and just simply continuously from its starting point or input terminus 810a burning to its terminal point or time of being spent of output terminal 810b longer.
As described above, regular size and isolated gap 164 are regularly an embodiment in the sudden change gap in the bar.The sudden change gap can be a different size, and irregular spacing is opened, or provides with different shapes, V-arrangement arm shape for example, spiral yarn shaped or the like.
The timing bar of the configurable a plurality of printings of delay unit, it is connected in public input ＂ bus ＂ or the public startup powder charge in its starting point place, and emits a place in it and be connected in output ＂ bus ＂ or the public relaying powder charge.In this way, the fastest incendiary bar always will be exported charge detonates.Because it is proper distribution that the distribution of the combustion time of the reality of a plurality of timing bars is estimated, so this set will intercept the normal distribution of combustion time effectively, and the deviation that debases the standard.Though normal combustion time is skew to some extent in technological process, this can compensate by the length of adjusting bar.The result has reduced the standard deviation of single combustion time.The printed nano high-energy material regularly low critical diameter of bar allows a large amount of bars to be deposited on the substrate, causes improving significantly in the mass-produced delay unit of the present invention regularly changing performance.
Referring now to Figure 13,, it has shown the delay unit 910 that comprises substrate 912, and substrate 912 is provided with regularly bar 914.As shown in Figure 12, start powder charge and relaying powder charge and from Figure 13, omitted, but input arrow S has schematically indicated the input that starts powder charge, and the output arrow E has schematically been indicated the output of relaying powder charge.In this embodiment, regularly bar 914 comprises input ＂ bus ＂ part 914a, and it is connected on the output ＂ bus ＂ part 914b by a plurality of linear strips 914c.Linear strips 914c is spaced apart from each other by the gap 914d of longitudinal extension.On the geometrical shape of timing bar 914, the gap 914d of longitudinal extension can look-at-me, and linear strips 914c is spaced apart from each other.Should understand and to eliminate ＂ bus ＂ 914a and ＂ bus ＂ 914b, and linear strips 914c can directly be connected in the output powder charge starting powder charge.Bus 914a and bus 914b provide an advantage to be, it provides near high energy material (show among Figure 13, but be positioned at respectively around the position of arrow S and E) relatively large starting powder charge and relaying powder charge with one of them bar 914c big zone of comparing.Enhanced high energy material quantity helps to guarantee that the reliable signal transmission with starting powder charge (arrow S) and relaying powder charge (arrow E) communicates.
In this embodiment, the fastest burning of linear strips 914c will be set the burning timing from importation 914a to output 914b.
Delay unit of the present invention is particularly suitable for forming the structure that is different from planar configuration, and it is particularly useful for fuze component.During the first step of making this class delay unit, above-mentioned timing bar is laid on the thin flexible substrate, and for example paper is strengthened paper,
Film,
Film, plastics or similar material.Substrate can be rectangle in shape.Next, will start powder charge and relaying powder charge printing or otherwise be laid on arbitrary end of substrate, and it be linked to each other or overlapping with the timing bar.By any suitable material for example, with thin, the flexible laminate layers that the same or analogous material of substrate is formed, it lays and can make it cover regularly bar fully, but stays outside a plurality of startup powder charges and relaying powder charge be exposed to.Laminate layers can utilize tackiness agent, mechanism, or any suitable method and being connected on the substrate.Can or otherwise form suitable shape with the assembly rolling now, so that be inserted in retainer or the container.For example, laminate layers can be rolled into cylindrically, and be inserted in the primer casing of standard cylindrical.In this case, can be with taper alternatively, and for example by any suitable material, the plug that suitable plastic is made is inserted into the inside of primer casing, so that mechanically hold it on the correct position, preventing that the capsular input signal from skimming over relaying powder charge or detonator output powder charge, thereby walk around regularly bar.Light when input signal will start powder charge, burning is bar regularly, and when the relaying powder charge lighted, this assembly had been formed delay unit.
Figure 14 has shown the decomposition diagram of the delay unit 1010 that comprises substrate 1012, and substrate 1012 is provided with regularly bar 1014, and it will start powder charge 1016 and be connected in the relaying powder charge 1018.Suppose that substrate 1012 has thin flexible structure, that is, substrate 1012 must as described belowly carry out rolling or folding, and so, delay unit 1010 can comprise any embodiment of the present invention, comprises above-mentioned any different embodiment.In addition, regularly bar 1014 starts powder charge 1016 and relaying powder charge 1018 and must stick on the substrate 1012, even carry out rolling or when folding as the latter.In this embodiment, similar thin, flexible layer press mold 166 is laid on the substrate 1012, so that cover regularly bar 1014, starts outside powder charge 1016 and relaying powder charge 1018 be exposed to but stay.The all timing bars 1014 of laminated film 166 preferred coverings.
Figure 14 A schematically shown in steps A on the timing bar 1014 of delay unit 1010 that laminated film 166 is laid in, thus as shown in step B, provide laminated delay unit 1010 ' number of assembling steps.Afterwards as shown in the step C of Figure 14 A with laminated delay unit 1010 ' be rolled into columniform structure along its longitudinal axis L-L.By the laminated delay unit 1010 of cylindrical rolling ' be inserted in the primer casing can simply be maintained this columniform structure, as shown in figure 15.As alternative or as additional, the laminated delay unit 1010 of cylindrical rolling ' seam 168 can pass through tackiness agent, mechanism or any other suitable method and fix are so that keep columniform shape.
Cone-shaped plug 170 can be inserted into the laminated delay unit 1010 of cylindrical rolling ' in, following described in conjunction with Figure 15.
Figure 15 has shown detonator 172, and it has except the inside and utilizes laminated delay unit 1010 ' (the laminated delay unit 1010 of rolling in pipe) to substitute the traditional structure traditional delay bar.Delay unit 1010 ' opposed edges be close to contact, to form seam 168.Thereby detonator 172 comprises shell 174, and it has blind end 174a and opening end 174b.Traditional shock tubing fuse 176 remains among the opening end 174b by conventional bushings 178, and lining is fixed on the correct position by flanging 174c as known in the art like that.Such as known in the art, traditional core insulator 180 is positioned on the terminal 176a of shock tubing fuse 176, so that prevent static discharge.Near the blind end 174a of shell 174 the main charge 182a and the main output powder charge 182b of conventional arrangement.
Cone-shaped plug 170 is inserted in the laminated delay unit 1010 to certain distance, is enough to make start outside powder charge 1016a is exposed to.Cone-shaped plug 170 is not interfered lighting of 1016 pairs of timings of startup powder charge bar 1014, and is spaced apart with timing bar 1014 because cone-shaped plug 170 passes through laminated film 166.Laminated film 166 protection regularly bars 1014 avoids wearing and tearing, for example wearing and tearing that cause by cone-shaped plug 170, and during rolling operation with the layering of substrate 1012.
Referring now to Figure 16,, it has shown the delay unit 1110 that comprises substrate 1112, shows the corrector strip 1120 after working on the substrate 1112.Substrate 1112 has startup powder charge 1116 and the relaying powder charge 1118 that is coupled together by timing bar 1114 in the above.Shown a pair of retarding agent or accelerator 166a among the figure, 166b is laid in regularly on the bar 1114.According to the test result that effect obtained of corrector strip 1120, will select retarding agent or accelerator, and select the size of the part that itself and bar 1114 regularly keep in touch, to provide regularly bar 1114 required combustion time.If desired, retarding agent or accelerator 166a, the useful length of the timing bar 1114 that the extensible process of 166b is total.Retarding agent can comprise heat-sink material, fine metal (for example copper) particulate layer for example, and it will be as scatterer, and absorbs the heat of combustion reactions, therefore makes response delay.Perhaps, comprise having than the high energy material of forming regularly bar 1114 accelerator of the high energy material of high combustion speed more, it can lay so that improves the rate of combustion of timing bar 1114.
Figure 17 A has shown the production phase of delay unit 1210, delay unit 1210 is at the corrector strip 1220 and the timing bar 1214 that have on the substrate 1212 after working, it extends to a y from an x, provide with the needed useful length of delay period that obtains expection to equate at least, but the length of preferred bigger timing bar 1214.Based on the data that effect obtained of corrector strip 1220, start powder charge 1216 and relaying powder charge 1218 and be laid on the substrate 1212, certain distance that is spaced apart from each other is to provide along the starting point x ' of timing bar 1214 and to emit a y '.Between an x ' and y ', provide the regularly useful length of bar 1214, and be chosen to the delay period that can provide required along the distance of timing bar 1214.Any suitable relaying powder charge 1218 of for example extending to the right shown in Figure 17 B easily can be used for guaranteeing the next level of relaying powder charge 1218 starter gears.
Generally speaking, any one or a plurality of ＂ adjust structure ＂, the gap that promptly suddenlys change, and retarding agent, accelerator, the orientation of bridge connector or startup powder charge and/or relaying powder charge all can be used for adjusting combustion time, and therefore adjusts the delay period of delay unit.Adjust the structure of structure and/or composition and can be scheduled to or derive out on from corrector strip based on data.
Though described the present invention in detail, should understand that the present invention has other and uses, and many modification that can illustrated embodiment embody in conjunction with specific embodiment of the present invention.For example, except detonator, delay unit of the present invention can be used for blast or signal transmitting apparatus, and can be used for any device that need insert time delay between blast or high-energy effect usually.
Claims (39)
1. delay unit that comprises substrate, deposit above the described substrate: (a) at least one has starting point that is spaced apart from each other and the timing bar of emitting a little, define the useful length of described timing bar in described starting point and described distance between emitting a little along described timing bar, (b) corrector strip, described timing bar and described corrector strip respectively comprise can carry out energy release reaction high energy material, described corrector strip and timing bar are spaced apart fully each other, so that prevent described corrector strip described timing bar are lighted.
2. delay unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the high energy material of described at least timing bar is selected from the type that comprises fuel and oxygenant.
3. delay unit according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the high energy material of described at least timing bar comprises fuel bed that at least one is discrete and the oxygenant layer that at least one is discrete, and described fuel bed and described oxygenant layer contact with each other.
4. according to the described delay unit of claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that the high energy material of the high energy material of described corrector strip and described timing bar is essentially identical.
5. delay unit that comprises substrate, deposit at least one above the described substrate and have starting point that is spaced apart from each other and the timing bar of emitting a little, define the useful length of described timing bar in described starting point and described distance between emitting a little along described timing bar, described timing bar comprises the high energy material that can carry out the energy release reaction along it, described high energy material is selected from the type that comprises fuel and oxygenant, wherein, described high energy material comprises fuel bed that at least one is discrete and the oxygenant layer that at least one is discrete, and one of them described fuel bed and described oxygenant layer contact each other.
6. according to claim 1, each described delay unit in 3 or 5, it is characterized in that, described timing bar comprises the article one with terminal gap, with be connected the bridge connector of described article one with the described terminal of closure gap, described article one and described bridge connector coordinated are to limit described timing bar in described starting point and described useful length between emitting a little.
7. delay unit according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described timing bar also comprises second, and described second is spaced apart with described article one by described terminal gap, and described bridge connector is connected to described article one on the described second.
8. delay unit according to claim 6 is characterized in that described high energy material comprises nanoparticle.
9. according to each described delay unit in the claim 1,3 or 5, it is characterized in that described high energy material comprises nanoparticle.
10. according to each described delay unit in the claim 1,3 or 5, it is characterized in that, also comprise the startup powder charge that communicates with the transmission of the starting point holding signal of described timing bar and with the relaying powder charge that the holding signal transmission communicates of emitting of described timing bar.
11. according to claim 1, each described delay unit in 3 or 5, it is characterized in that, also comprise following at least one of them: (a) the startup powder charge that communicates with the transmission of the starting point holding signal of described timing bar, (b) transmit a relaying powder charge that communicates with a holding signal of emitting of described timing bar, wherein, have only the part of described timing bar to be planted described powder charge covering, thereby determine the useful length of described timing bar by the position of described powder charge by one of them.
12. delay unit according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described startup powder charge and described relaying powder charge all exist, and one of them plants the part that described powder charge has covered described timing bar.
13. according to claim 1, each described delay unit in 3 or 5, it is characterized in that, also comprise and the isolated startup powder charge of relaying powder charge, and be connected in the transmission of described timing bar one end and described startup powder charge holding signal, and the other end and described relaying powder charge holding signal at described timing bar transmit a plurality of timing bars that are connected, thereby the timing bar of the redundancy of the described relaying powder charge of detonating is provided.
14. delay unit according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, described timing bar has the first bus zone that is positioned at its starting point, with be positioned at it and emit a little the second bus zone, described first bus zone communicates with described startup powder charge holding signal transmission, and described second bus zone communicates with described relaying powder charge holding signal transmission.
15. delay unit according to claim 14 is characterized in that, amplify with respect to described timing bar in the described second bus zone, and the energy that the described thus second bus zone is discharged is greater than the energy that is discharged along described timing bar.
16., it is characterized in that described oxygenant comprises TiO according to each described delay unit in the claim 2,3 or 5
2
17. according to claim 1, each described delay unit in 3 or 5, it is characterized in that described timing bar comprises the adjustment structure, described adjustment structure is selected from the type that comprises one or more sudden changes gap, one or more accelerator and one or more retarding agents.
18., it is characterized in that described high energy material comprises fuel M ' and oxygenant M according to each described delay unit in the claim 1,3 or 5
yO
xNanoparticle, wherein M ' and M are identical or different metals, and y and x can be identical or different positive integer 1,2,3...n.
19. delay unit according to claim 18 is characterized in that, described M ' and M are selected from Ag, Al, B, Cu, Hf, Si, Sn, Ta, W, one or more among Y and the Zr.
20. delay unit according to claim 18 is characterized in that, described M ' and M are selected from Al, one or more among Cu and the Ag.
21. according to claim 1, each described delay unit in 3 or 5, it is characterized in that, described timing bar is made up of major portion and less important part, described major portion has than the bigger useful length of described less important part, and described less important part has the rate of combustion bigger than described major portion, respective length and the difference aspect the rate of combustion in described major portion and less important part are enough big, to such an extent as to compare the combustion time with described major portion, be insignificant the combustion time of described less important part, thereby the delay period of described delay unit is basically by determining the combustion time of described major portion.
22. unitary method of manufacturing delay, comprise that the timing bar that will have starting point and emit a little deposits on the substrate, described timing bar comprises the high energy material with fuel and oxygenant, and described fuel and oxygenant are as the discrete fuel bed that contacts with each other on described substrate and oxygenant layer and on the described substrate that is laid in dividually.
23. method according to claim 22 is characterized in that, also is included on the described substrate corrector strip of deposition high energy material, itself and described timing bar are spaced apart fully, to prevent described corrector strip described timing bar are lighted.
24. method according to claim 23 is characterized in that, the high energy material of described corrector strip is identical with the high energy material of described timing bar basically.
25. the unitary method of manufacturing delay comprises:
(a) will have starting point deposits on the substrate with the timing bar of emitting a little, described timing bar comprises the high energy material that has given rate of combustion along its length, and the useful length of described timing bar be along described timing bar in described starting point and described length between emitting a little, the useful length of described timing bar and rate of combustion have been determined the delay period of described delay unit;
(b) corrector strip that will have a given length of starting point and terminal point deposits on the substrate, and described corrector strip comprises and the essentially identical high energy material of the high energy material of described timing bar;
(c) described corrector strip is lighted, and measure make described corrector strip from its starting point burning to the time that its terminal point spent, thereby determine the rate of combustion of described corrector strip; With
(d) afterwards, on the rate of combustion of the described timing bar basis identical, adjust the useful length of described timing bar, to obtain required delay period with the rate of combustion of determined described corrector strip in step (c).
26. method according to claim 25, it is characterized in that, described step (d) is so carried out, promptly by only depositing at first the part of described timing bar, reserve at least one terminal gap in the starting point of described timing bar with between emitting a little, and utilize terminal gap or gap in the closed described timing bar of bridge connector, thereby provide from described starting point to the described regularly bar of a successive of emitting, described bridge connector is configured to provide and has a timing bar of imitating length, it will provide required delay period for described delay unit under the determined rate of combustion of described corrector strip.
27. method according to claim 25 is characterized in that, described step (d) is carried out by one or more sudden changes gap is provided in described timing bar.
28. method according to claim 25 is characterized in that, described step (d) is by carrying out on the described timing bar that one or more accelerators are laid in.
29. method according to claim 25 is characterized in that, described step (d) is by carrying out on the described timing bar that one or more retarding agents are laid in.
30. method according to claim 25, it is characterized in that, described delay unit also comprise following at least one of them: (a) the startup powder charge that communicates with the transmission of the starting point holding signal of described timing bar, (b) transmit a relaying powder charge that communicates with a holding signal of emitting of described timing bar, and step (d) is carried out like this, promptly, plant the only part that described powder charge covers described timing bar by one of them, thereby the useful length of described timing bar is the length that is not covered by described powder charge of described timing bar.
31. method according to claim 30, it is characterized in that, also comprise and utilize described startup powder charge to cover the part of described timing bar, and utilize described relaying powder charge to cover another part of described timing bar, so that by the described timing bar length that is not covered between described startup powder charge and relaying powder charge, form the useful length of described timing bar by described powder charge.
32., it is characterized in that described high energy material comprises nanoparticle according to claim 25 or the described method of claim 26.
33., it is characterized in that described high energy material comprises fuel bed that at least one is discrete and the oxygenant layer that at least one is discrete according to claim 25 or the described method of claim 26, described fuel bed and described oxygenant layer contact with each other.
34. according to claim 25 or the described method of claim 26, it is characterized in that, comprise described timing bar is deposited on the identical substrate with described corrector strip.
35. according to claim 25 or the described method of claim 26, it is characterized in that, comprise described timing bar and described corrector strip are deposited on the substrate that separates accordingly.
36., it is characterized in that described high energy material comprises fuel M ' and oxygenant M according to claim 25 or the described method of claim 26
yO
xNanoparticle, wherein M ' and M are identical or different metals, and y and x can be identical or different positive integer 1,2,3...n.
37. method according to claim 36 is characterized in that, described M and M ' are selected from Ag, Al, B, Cu, Hf, Si, Sn, Ta, W, one or more among Y and the Zr.
38. method according to claim 36 is characterized in that, described M ' and M are selected from Al, one or more among Cu and the Ag.
39. method according to claim 36 is characterized in that, described M is a titanium, y=1, and x=2.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US65078205P | 2005-02-08 | 2005-02-08 | |
| US60/650,782 | 2005-02-08 | ||
| US71323305P | 2005-09-01 | 2005-09-01 | |
| US60/713,233 | 2005-09-01 | ||
| PCT/US2006/004038 WO2006086274A2 (en) | 2005-02-08 | 2006-02-06 | Delay units and methods of making the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101522592A true CN101522592A (en) | 2009-09-02 |
| CN101522592B CN101522592B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
Family
ID=41082379
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006800109826A Expired - Fee Related CN101522592B (en) | 2005-02-08 | 2006-02-06 | Delay units and methods of making the same |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101522592B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200706293B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110120896A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-08-13 | 北京达佳互联信息技术有限公司 | Network delay control method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2436305A (en) * | 1944-02-03 | 1948-02-17 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Ammunition |
| US4742773A (en) * | 1986-10-03 | 1988-05-10 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Blasting signal transmission tube delay unit |
| US5031538A (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1991-07-16 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Delay train ignition buffer |
| US5522318A (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1996-06-04 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Cushion element for detonators and the like; apparatus and method of assembly |
| WO1999012776A1 (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 1999-03-18 | Grace Gregory B | Distributed charge inflator system |
| US6640719B1 (en) * | 1999-01-11 | 2003-11-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Fuze explosive train device and method |
-
2006
- 2006-02-06 CN CN2006800109826A patent/CN101522592B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2007
- 2007-07-27 ZA ZA200706293A patent/ZA200706293B/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110120896A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-08-13 | 北京达佳互联信息技术有限公司 | Network delay control method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| US11496380B2 (en) | 2019-04-15 | 2022-11-08 | Beijing Dajia Internet Information Technology Co., Ltd. | Network delay control method and apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA200706293B (en) | 2009-08-26 |
| CN101522592B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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