CN101515049B - Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, preparation method thereof and all-fiber optical current sensor - Google Patents

Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, preparation method thereof and all-fiber optical current sensor Download PDF

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CN101515049B
CN101515049B CN2008100431384A CN200810043138A CN101515049B CN 101515049 B CN101515049 B CN 101515049B CN 2008100431384 A CN2008100431384 A CN 2008100431384A CN 200810043138 A CN200810043138 A CN 200810043138A CN 101515049 B CN101515049 B CN 101515049B
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polarization
fiber
maintaining
fibre
optical fibre
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CN101515049A (en
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黄勇
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Shanghai Kang Guang Guang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.
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Shanghai Kangkuo Optical Communication Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a polarization-maintaining fiber coupler. A coupling region of the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is made of single-mode optical fibers, an input end of the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler at least contains a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, an output end which is directly communicated with the input end is one single-mode optical fiber, the input end of the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler at least contains one single-mode optical fiber, an output end which is directly communicated with the input end is the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, and the polarization-maintaining optical fibers of the input end and the output end are fused with the corresponding single-mode optical fibers in the coupling region respectively. A method for preparing the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler comprises the following steps that: firstly, a heat sealer is used to prepare two-node optical fibers; secondly, the optical fibers are arranged and axially positioned according to the design requirement; and finally, a plurality of the single-mode optical fibers in the middle are fused and drawn into the coupling region. In the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, the coupling region is formed by drawing the single-mode optical fibers, so a device has the characteristics of no sensitivity to the polarization and temperature environment, and the stability and the reliability of the device are greatly improved. The invention also discloses an all-fiber optical current sensor.

Description

Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, its preparation method and all-fiber current sensor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and preparation method thereof.The invention still further relates to a kind of all-fiber current sensor of this polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of application.
Background technology
Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler has all obtained general application in every field at present, and the application in protecting inclined to one side sensor is particularly important especially.Present most polarization maintaining optical fibre is the stress type polarization maintaining optical fibre, the polarization-maintaining coupler that utilizes this type optical fiber to make, and its key property is responsive especially to temperature, and high especially to the packaging technology requirement, also the scope to serviceability temperature has suitable restriction.Here be coupled as routine (see figure 1) with 3 * 3 polarization maintaining optical fibres, this device be with three polarization maintaining optical fibres earlier through the linear pattern placement positioning, then guarantee between optical fiber parallel near, and then carry out that fused biconical taper forms.Because prepared the manufacture difficulty of 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers itself by polarization maintaining optical fibre big, adding device performance has bigger susceptibility to input polarization and temperature, and this brings bigger challenge for actual production, and yield rate is seriously influenced.And 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining coupler spares have extremely important application at many optical fiber sensing systems, and 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers of therefore developing high reliability are instant things.And for the coupling mechanism of 1 * 2 (or 2 * 2,1 * 3,3 * 3,1 * 4) made from general single mode fiber, it not only has extraordinary temperature characterisitic in-40 ℃~85 ℃ scope, and polarization dependence is also very low.The inventor had also once proposed to utilize local circle (linear birefringence of the Tui Huaing fully) optical fiber of protecting in 1994, a kind of 2 * 2 imaginations of protecting inclined to one side linear polarization optical fiber coupling mechanism that do not need dead axle have been designed, although this class device also can improve the above-mentioned correlation properties of device, but because of making local the expensive of circular fiber that protect itself, and uppity cause on the technology is not promoted yet and is used.If utilize this notion trial-production 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, that is just more unrealistic, but can design more reliable rational device according to the application characteristic of 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining couplers in the actual fiber sensor.
Adopt the all-fiber current sensor of 3 * 3 traditional polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, the shortcoming because of traditional polarization-maintaining fiber coupler makes the main performance of its this device unreliable equally.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, and this device has high stability and reliability.The present invention also provides the preparation method of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and has used the all-fiber current sensor of this polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the present invention, its coupled zone is made by single-mode fiber, the input end of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler comprises a polarization maintaining optical fibre at least, with its output terminal that directly communicates is single-mode fiber, the input end of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler comprises a single-mode fiber at least, is polarization maintaining optical fibre with its output terminal that directly communicates, the polarization maintaining optical fibre of described input end and output terminal respectively with the coupled zone in corresponding single-mode fiber be fused into one.
The preparation method of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) according to input end and output terminal to the requirement of polarization maintaining optical fibre, prepare two nodal pattern optical fiber, described two nodal pattern optical fiber are the optical fiber that an end of an end welding polarization maintaining optical fibre of single-mode fiber forms;
(2) optical fiber in the step 1 is arranged the location on request, and mutually near;
(3) the many single-mode fiber zones of arranging after locating in the step 2 are drawn into the coupled zone.
All-fiber current sensor of the present invention, the coupled zone of 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers in the described all-fiber current sensor is made by single-mode fiber, and an input end is a polarization maintaining optical fibre, is single-mode fiber with its output terminal that directly communicates; Two input ends are single-mode fiber in addition, are polarization maintaining optical fibre with the corresponding output terminal that directly communicates of these two input ends.
Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the present invention, because of being drawn by single-mode fiber, its coupled zone forms, without any polarization maintaining optical fibre,, the reliability and stability of device have been improved so eliminated the shortcoming of using the unstable properties that polarization maintaining optical fibre brings in the coupled zone of original polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the present invention is in preparation process, two nodal pattern optical fiber are welded together before drawing coupling mechanism with heat sealing machine by polarization maintaining optical fibre and single-mode fiber, stress orientation to polarization maintaining optical fibre in fusion process does not have specific (special) requirements, the single-mode fiber of welding simultaneously is with the mode field diameter of polarization maintaining optical fibre identical or differ less than 20%, can reduce the splice loss, splice attenuation between the two; And in the location of step 2,, both can all be positioned at slow axis no matter be the input end or the polarization maintaining optical fibre of output terminal, and also can all be positioned on the fast axle, also can be as required, some is positioned on the slow axis, and some then is positioned on the fast axle, so application is strong.Similarly, adopt polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the present invention, polarization dependent loss (PolarizationDependent Loss not only, PDL) as the common single mode optical fibres coupling mechanism, and polarization isolation (Polarization Extinction Ratio, PER) also very little to dependence on temperature, thereby improve the long-time stability of device greatly.Simultaneously, in suitability for industrialized production, can significantly improve the yield rate of device.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers;
Fig. 2 is two nodal pattern optical fiber structure synoptic diagram;
Each optical fiber linear pattern was arranged synoptic diagram and schematic cross-section before Fig. 3 drew coupling mechanism for first kind polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is molten;
Fig. 4 is that molten preceding each the optical fiber linear pattern of coupling mechanism of drawing of the second class polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is arranged synoptic diagram and schematic cross-section;
Fig. 5 is molten preceding Chinese character pin-shaped arrangement synoptic diagram of each optical fiber of coupling mechanism and the schematic cross-section of drawing of the second class polarization-maintaining fiber coupler;
Fig. 6 is that molten preceding each the optical fiber linear pattern of coupling mechanism of drawing of the 3rd class polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is arranged synoptic diagram and schematic cross-section;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of direct-pass type optical fiber current sensor;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of reflection type optical fiber current sensor.
Embodiment
Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the present invention is in technology and characteristic based on the general single mode fiber coupling mechanism, and develop under the transport property of linearly polarized light in the desirable single-mode fiber that does not have crooked no perturbation.The principal feature of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the present invention is: the whole drawing by single-mode fiber of coupled zone forms; The input end of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler comprises a polarization maintaining optical fibre at least, with its output terminal that directly communicates is single-mode fiber, the input end of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler comprises a single-mode fiber at least, with its output terminal that directly communicates is polarization maintaining optical fibre, the polarization maintaining optical fibre of described input end and output terminal respectively with the coupled zone in corresponding single-mode fiber be fused into one.In same device, no matter be polarization maintaining optical fibre input end or output terminal, both can all be positioned at slow axis, also can all be positioned on the fast axle, also can be as required, some is positioned on the slow axis, and some then is positioned on the fast axle.Polarization maintaining optical fibre and single-mode fiber all are welded together before drawing coupling mechanism with heat sealing machine.
Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the present invention has used general single-mode fiber fully in the coupled zone, this and existing polarization maintaining optical fibre device are different, have at least one to be polarization maintaining optical fibre in the coupled zone of existing polarization maintaining optical fibre device.When polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the present invention prepares, generally can use a kind of two nodal pattern optical fiber.The preparation method of the optical fiber of this two nodal pattern is: get one section polarization maintaining optical fibre, with the polarization maintaining optical fibre of certain-length is that overlay is peeled off, the port is cut flat with cutter at the L1 place again, the length of L1 generally at 3mm between the 15mm, get a corresponding single-mode fiber again, after overlay is peeled off, cut flat with cutter at the L2 place again, utilize heat sealing machine that two sections optical fiber are cut flat port by two again and be welded together, its welding point is the A (see figure 2).The length of L2 generally can be at 13mm between the 55mm, and the size of above-mentioned L1 and L2 all has the single-mode fiber of sufficient length zone to be as the criterion to have in the middle of guaranteeing to make before preparation draws the coupled zone.Need to prove that this optical fiber structure placement orientation can be different, promptly can be that the left side is a polarization maintaining optical fibre, the right be corresponding single-mode fiber (as shown in Figure 2), can the left side be corresponding single-mode fiber also, the right is a polarization maintaining optical fibre, can place according to the requirement of concrete designs.Above-mentioned optical fiber structure is the basic structure of preparation polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the present invention, can prepare polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the present invention according to the input port number that reality requires.The single-mode fiber that uses in the two nodal pattern optical fiber will select to have with the polarization maintaining optical fibre of phase welding the mode field diameter of identical or close (differing less than 20%), so that reduce the splice loss, splice attenuation of optical fiber.Certainly, also can adopt the bigger single-mode fiber of mould field difference according to designing requirement to practical devices.
According to the basic characteristics of the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the invention described above and concrete device architecture, can realize many in the polarization maintaining optical fibre device of types.Fig. 3 to Fig. 6 has provided in the arrangement picture group that melts each optical fiber before drawing coupling mechanism.Fig. 3 is a first kind polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, it is made up of two two nodal pattern optical fiber, input end is a polarization maintaining optical fibre and a single-mode fiber, the corresponding output terminal that directly communicates is a single-mode fiber and a polarization maintaining optical fibre, utilizes this structure can make multiple 1 * 2 or 2 * 2 shunt and wavelength division multiplexer.If select the single-mode fiber that has certain difference in the above-mentioned device for use, can make wide-band coupler.Here input end and output terminal directly communicate and are meant and draw that input end is an optical fiber that is connected with output terminal before the coupled zone.Fig. 4 is the 4th class polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, and it is made up of three two nodal pattern optical fiber, and three optical fiber can the linear pattern arrangement be drawn into coupling mechanism, also can be Chinese character pin-shaped arrangement drawing and be the coupling mechanism (see figure 5), make it compacter, and it can be applicable in the current sensor.Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler among Fig. 6 is made up of five two nodal pattern optical fiber, and input end has one to be polarization maintaining optical fibre, and other four is single-mode fiber; And four of output terminals are polarization maintaining optical fibre, and one is single-mode fiber, and this structure also can constitute multiple function element.
The preparation method of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of the present invention can be divided into following steps:
1,, utilize polarization maintaining optical fibre and single-mode fiber to prepare two nodal pattern optical fiber as stated above at first according to the requirement of designed device.
2, the optical fiber of being prepared is arranged the location on request, arrangement mode can also can design as requested voluntarily referring to top introduction;
3, be drawn into the coupled zone after closely being arranged in many single-mode fibers of centre together at last.
3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers have the application value of reusing in fibre optic current sensor, because of input end in the class all-fiber current sensor only needs one to be polarization maintaining optical fibre, also have two input ends because of being used as the power that monitoring reflects, directly insert photo-detector, thereby not necessarily use polarization maintaining optical fibre; For output terminal, there is a root port not to be used or vacant, or also only may be used as power monitoring, thus do not need to use polarization maintaining optical fibre yet, so need optimize with the device of more reliable structure.
Fig. 7 is a kind of all-fiber current sensor that has adopted 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers of the present invention, and it includes light source, 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate and sensor fibre ring.Its annexation is: light source is connected to the polarization maintaining optical fibre input end of 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, wherein two polarization maintaining optical fibre output terminals of 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers are connected with two fibre optic polarizers respectively, and the other end of two fibre optic polarizers is then received the two ends of sensor fibre ring respectively by 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate; The single-mode fiber output terminal of 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers is vacant or connect photodetector; Two single-mode fiber input ends of the residue of 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers are connected with signal processor by two photodetectors respectively.
Fig. 8 has adopted the all-fiber current sensor of 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers of the present invention for another kind, and it includes light source, 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator and sensor fibre ring; Light source is connected to the polarization maintaining optical fibre input end of 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, the polarization maintaining optical fibre output terminal of 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers is connected with two fibre optic polarizers respectively, two fibre optic polarizers are connected with 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate by the polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator, wherein an end of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator is connected with the half-twist soldered joint with one of them fibre optic polarizer, the other end of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator joins by 0 ° of soldered joint and described another fibre optic polarizer, connects the sensor fibre ring by 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate; The single-mode fiber output terminal of described 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers is vacant or connect photodetector; The single-mode fiber input end of described 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers is connected with signal processor by two photodetectors respectively.
From the above, the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler among Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 all can be used in the all-fiber current sensor of Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.Use 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers of the present invention, because of having eliminated the shortcoming of polarization maintaining optical fibre unstable properties in coupled zone in original polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, so can improve the long-time stability and the reliability of current sensor.

Claims (12)

1. polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, it is characterized in that: the coupled zone of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is made by single-mode fiber, the input end of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler comprises a polarization maintaining optical fibre at least, with its output terminal that directly communicates is single-mode fiber, the input end of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler comprises a single-mode fiber at least, with its output terminal that directly communicates is polarization maintaining optical fibre, the polarization maintaining optical fibre of described input end and output terminal respectively with the coupled zone in corresponding single-mode fiber be fused into one.
2. according to the described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of claim 1, it is characterized in that: an input end of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is a polarization maintaining optical fibre, is single-mode fiber with its output terminal that directly communicates;
Another input end of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is a single-mode fiber, is polarization maintaining optical fibre with its output terminal that directly communicates.
3. according to the described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of claim 1, it is characterized in that: an input end of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is a polarization maintaining optical fibre, is single-mode fiber with its output terminal that directly communicates; Two input ends are single-mode fiber in addition, and the corresponding output terminal that directly communicates is polarization maintaining optical fibre.
4. according to the described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of claim 1, it is characterized in that: two input ends of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler are polarization maintaining optical fibre, are single-mode fiber with the corresponding output terminal that directly communicates of these two input ends; The another one input end is a single-mode fiber, is single-mode fiber with its output terminal that directly communicates.
5. according to claim 3 or the described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of 4 described each claims, it is characterized in that: described three input ends and three all linearly type arrangements of output terminal.
6. according to claim 3 or the described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of 4 described each claims, it is characterized in that: described three input ends and three output terminals all are Chinese character pin-shaped arrangement.
7. according to the described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of claim 1, it is characterized in that: an input end of described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is a polarization maintaining optical fibre, with its output terminal that directly communicates is single-mode fiber, all the other four input ends are single-mode fiber, are polarization maintaining optical fibre with the corresponding output terminal that directly communicates of these four input ends.
8. a method for preparing the described polarization-maintaining fiber coupler of claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) according to input end and output terminal to the requirement of polarization maintaining optical fibre, prepare two nodal pattern optical fiber, described two nodal pattern optical fiber are the optical fiber that an end of an end welding polarization maintaining optical fibre of single-mode fiber forms;
(2) optical fiber in the step 1 is arranged the location on request, and mutually near;
(3) the many single-mode fiber zones of arranging after locating in the step 2 are drawn into the coupled zone.
9. according to the described preparation method of claim 8, it is characterized in that: in the two nodal pattern optical fiber of described step 1, the mode field diameter of single-mode fiber and polarization maintaining optical fibre is identical or differ less than 20%, to reduce the splice loss, splice attenuation between the two.
10. all-fiber current sensor, it is characterized in that: 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler coupled zones in the described all-fiber current sensor are made by single-mode fiber, and an input end is a polarization maintaining optical fibre, are single-mode fiber with its output terminal that directly communicates; Two input ends are single-mode fiber in addition, are polarization maintaining optical fibre with the corresponding output terminal that directly communicates of these two input ends.
11., it is characterized in that according to the described all-fiber current sensor of claim 10:
Described all-fiber current sensor includes light source, 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate and sensor fibre ring;
Described light source is connected to the polarization maintaining optical fibre input end of described 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, two polarization maintaining optical fibre output terminals of described 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers are connected with two fibre optic polarizers respectively, and the other end of described two fibre optic polarizers is then received the two ends of described sensor fibre ring respectively by 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate; The single-mode fiber output terminal of described 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers is vacant or connect photodetector; Two single-mode fiber input ends of the residue of described 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers are connected with signal processor by two photodetectors respectively.
12., it is characterized in that according to the described all-fiber current sensor of claim 10:
Described all-fiber current sensor includes light source, 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, fibre optic polarizer, 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate, polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator and sensor fibre ring;
Described light source is connected to the polarization maintaining optical fibre input end of described 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers, the polarization maintaining optical fibre output terminal of described 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers is connected with two fibre optic polarizers respectively, described two fibre optic polarizers are connected with described 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate by described polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator, wherein said polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator one end is connected with the half-twist soldered joint with described one of them fibre optic polarizer, the other end of described polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization separator joins by 0 ° of soldered joint and described another fibre optic polarizer, connects the sensor fibre ring by described 1/4 optical-fibre wave plate; The single-mode fiber output terminal of described 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers is vacant or connect photodetector; The single-mode fiber input end of described 3 * 3 polarization-maintaining fiber couplers is connected with signal processor by two photodetectors respectively.
CN2008100431384A 2008-02-21 2008-02-21 Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, preparation method thereof and all-fiber optical current sensor Active CN101515049B (en)

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US12/290,705 US20090214152A1 (en) 2008-02-21 2008-11-03 Polarization-maintaining optical coupler and method of making the same

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CN106199825B (en) * 2016-08-02 2018-11-23 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 A kind of sensor fibre and preparation method thereof and sensing fiber ring
CN110045308B (en) * 2018-01-16 2021-11-16 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 All-fiber direct current measuring device step response testing system and method
CN117031101B (en) * 2023-10-09 2023-12-29 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Broadband optical fiber current sensor, measuring method, measuring system, medium and device

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CN1480751A (en) * 2002-08-12 2004-03-10 株式会社藤仓 Partial wave retaining optical fiber coupler and its mfg. method
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