Iron ore mine is whole to be utilized and disposing technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mine tailing utilization and disposal technology, especially relate to whole utilization of a kind of iron ore mine and disposing technique, can be widely used in the comprehensive utilization and the safe disposal of magnetic iron ore, bloodstone stone milltailings, be specially adapted to gangue mineral and be mainly quartzy magnetic iron ore, the integral body utilization and the safe disposal of bloodstone stone milltailings.
Background technology
Mine tailing is exactly that the ore dressing plant is under specific economic technology condition, with grinde ore, choose discarded object of being discharged of " useful constituent " back, just ore remaining solid waste after sorting out concentrate.It generally is mine tailing ore pulp formed solid mining waste after dewatering naturally by the ore dressing plant discharging, it is the chief component of solid industrial waste, the useful metal and the mineral that wherein contain some, can be considered the mineral material such as silicate, carbonate of a kind of " compound ", and have that fine size, quantity are big, the characteristics of environmental pollution and harm, but be again a kind of potential secondary resource simultaneously.Usually mine tailing throws near the mine tailing storehouse of building dykes and dams the mine as solid waste, and what have directly enters the stream, and therefore, mine tailing is the important source that mining industry exploitation, particularly metal mining industry exploitation cause environmental pollution; Simultaneously, because of being subjected to the restriction of technique of preparing level, production equipment, also be the common approach that the mining industry exploitation causes resources loss.In other words, mine tailing has secondary resource and environmental pollution double grading.
The grade of the most of mine resources of China is lower, discharges a large amount of mine tailings in beneficiation flowsheet, along with mineral resources are utilized the raising of degree, but the corresponding reduction of the mining grade of ore, the mine tailing discharge rate is also increasing.Annual about 5,000,000,000 t of mine tailing amount that discharge in countries in the world, and China only mine tailing discharge capacity in 2000 just reach about 600,000,000 t.At present, the mine tailing that China's metal mine is stored up reaches more than 8,000,000,000 tons, and increases with the speed of hundred million tons of mine tailings of annual output 8-10, wherein: hundred million tons of year last person ore deposit, iron ore mine 6-7.
The comprehensive utilization of tailing rate of China only is 7-9% at present, and a large amount of mine tailings can only be deposited in mine tailing storehouse or some the natural places, and so many mine tailing brings a series of problem inevitably.It shows: appropriation of land, vegetation deterioration, land deterioration, desertification and dust pollution, water pollution, the wasting of resources, the dam break of mine tailing storehouse or the like.Therefore, mine tailing comprehensive utilization of resources and safe disposal, significant,
But the mine tailing comprehensive utilization of resources exists following difficult point:
(1) the mine tailing generation is big, and the speed of hundred million tons of mine tailings of national annual output 8-10 increases, wherein ton surplus the iron ore mine 600,000,000.Lack high-efficiency environment friendly, economic and practical, big consumption, whole mine tailings can be eaten the dried technology that bleeds.
(2) type is many, composition is complicated, and the mine tailing character in different mines also varies, the mode difference of comprehensive utilization.
(3) mine tailing fine size, valuable element content is relatively low, and dehydration, difficulty in filtration is big, reclaims and the comprehensive utilization difficulty is big, cost is high.
(4) mine tailing building material product unit weight is big, added value is low, the radiation scope of production marketing limited (≤50km), people's idea is difficult to accept the mine tailing building material product.
(5) mine tailing is handled and having high input of disposing, but economic benefit is generally less, is mainly reflected on environmental benefit and the social benefit.
These phenomenons all reduce discharging for mine solid waste and comprehensive utilization has brought certain difficulty.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the problems referred to above that exist at prior art, and provide a kind of and can comprehensively reclaim valuable component, big consumption utilizes mine tailing and realizes the whole utilization of iron ore mine and the disposing technique in no mine tailing discharging mine tailing storehouse.
For realizing the object of the invention, whole utilization of iron ore mine of the present invention and disposing technique adopt following technology, step:
(1) will contain SiO
2〉=40% iron ore mine adopts grading technology to isolate the coarse grain mine tailing, in the described coarse grain mine tailing-and 0.16mm grain size content≤10%;
The equipment that described grading technology adopts can be spiral classifier, hydrocyclone, dusting cover, and the best is the sequential combination of hydrocyclone and dusting cover.
(2) adopt magnetic selection method to reclaim iron mineral the isolated fine tailings of grading technology and get rough concentrate, the new mine tailing of particulate;
Iron content is low in the fine tailings behind the coarse grain mine tailing, recovery value is little if isolate, and perhaps ore dressing difficulty is big, also can directly carry out next step technology.
(3) adopt thickener, filter to carry out processed to fine tailings or the new mine tailing of particulate, get the dried mine tailing of particulate, water content≤20% in the dried mine tailing of described particulate;
(4) the dried mine tailing row of particulate uses to dried mine tailing stockyard or as the raw material of industry.
If can also the using as the raw material in cement plant of TFe content 〉=15% in the dried mine tailing of particulate, TFe content uses less than 15% the batching that can be used as brick field, also can be used as other nonmetallic materials and uses.
After whole utilization of iron ore mine of the present invention and disposing technique adopt above process program to handle, have the following advantages:
(1) can obtain to account for the coarse grain mine tailing of mine tailing gross production rate 30%-50%, the coarse grain mine tailing is sold as yellow ground substitute for building, the mine tailing amount and the disposal cost of follow-up mine tailing treatment process had both been reduced, realized the big total amount comprehensive utilization of mine tailing resource again, emission reduction effect is remarkable, and has produced favorable economic benefit.
(2) since in the coarse grain mine tailing iron content lower, and overwhelming majority's monomer dissociation not adopts and isolates the coarse grain mine tailing earlier, reclaims the technology of iron mineral again, has taken into full account the low factor of iron content in the coarse grain mine tailing, and is not only economical, but also reasonable.
(3) isolate the coarse grain mine tailing earlier, also help follow-up filtration operation,, be unfavorable for the normal operation of filtration operation because the coarse grain mine tailing precipitates easily.
(4) adopt thickener, filter to carry out processed to fine tailings or the new mine tailing of particulate, get the dried mine tailing of particulate, dried mine tailing can be used as the batching of the raw material or the brick field in cement plant, also can directly arrange to dried mine tailing stockyard, as the refuse dump, mine.Owing to need not arrange to the mine tailing storehouse, both reduced the expense of building the expropriation of land of mine tailing storehouse, operational management, eliminated the potential safety hazard in mine tailing storehouse again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of whole utilization of iron ore mine of the present invention and disposing technique, does not carry out iron mineral and selects.
Fig. 2 is the another kind of flow chart of whole utilization of iron ore mine of the present invention and disposing technique, has carried out iron mineral and has selected.
The specific embodiment
For further describing the present invention, whole utilization of iron ore mine of the present invention and disposing technique are described further below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The mine tailing of handling in Fig. 1 flow process is a horse steel group aunt mountain Mining Limited Company mill tailings.Sample granularmetric composition screening, elutriation the results are shown in Table 1, and the sample multielement analysis the results are shown in Table 2.
Sample granularmetric composition table 1
Grade (millimeter) |
Productive rate (%) |
Accumulative total (%) |
+0.5 |
19.3 |
19.3 |
-0.5~+0.2 |
12.8 |
32.1 |
-0.2~+0.16 |
5.3 |
37.4 |
-0.16~+0.10 |
2.7 |
40.1 |
-0.10~+0.076 |
4.9 |
45.0 |
-0.076~+0.037 |
14.6 |
59.6 |
-0.037~+0.019 |
8.9 |
68.5 |
-0.019~+0.010 |
7.1 |
75.6 |
-0.010~+0.005 |
9.4 |
85.0 |
-0.005 |
15.0 |
100.00 |
Add up to |
100.00 |
|
By mine tailing granularmetric composition as seen, in the sample+0.16 millimeter account for 37.4%, can tell the part coarse sand and replace the yellow ground export trade.
Sample multielement analysis result (%) table 2
Element |
TFe |
FeO |
S |
P |
CaO |
MgO |
Al
2O
3 |
SiO
2 |
The scaling loss amount |
Content (%) |
21.60 |
0.41 |
0.037 |
0.78 |
2.10 |
Trace |
5.55 |
46.62 |
5.08 |
The result shows by the mine tailing multielement analysis: its Main Ingredients and Appearance is silica, di-iron trioxide, alundum (Al, and is very approaching with traditional building materials, ceramic raw material character.
Flow chart in conjunction with whole utilization of iron ore mine of the present invention shown in Figure 1 and disposing technique is found out, adopt sand pump with mine tailing feed hydrocyclone, dusting cover carries out combined classification, get the coarse grain CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, by adjusting hydrocyclone, dusting cover parameter, in the control coarse grain tailings-0.16mm grain size content≤10%; The lower part of screen branch of the overflow of hydrocyclone, dusting cover feeds thickener and concentrates, underflow density 〉=50% of control thickener; The underflow of thickener is fed filter further dewaters, the dried mine tailing of particulate, the dried mine tailing of particulate is partly arranged to the refuse dump and is stored up, a part is transported to the cement plant and is used as the irony correction agent in cement plant.
In the present embodiment, during the lower part of screen of having told overflow, the dusting cover of the hydrocyclone of coarse grain mine tailing is divided (being fine tailings), although iron content is higher, reach more than 22%, but the disseminated grain size of iron ore mineral is superfine, and is the weak magnetism mineral of difficult choosing, does not carry out iron mineral and selects recovery again.
The coarse grain tailings particle sieving analysis result of producing sees Table 3
The coarse grain tailings particle sieving analysis result table of producing 3
Grade (millimeter) |
Productive rate on the sieve (%) |
Accumulative total (%) |
5.0 |
0 |
|
2.5 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
1.25 |
14.36 |
14.40 |
0.63 |
33.74 |
48.14 |
0.315 |
33.66 |
81.80 |
0.160 |
10.50 |
92.30 |
-0.160 |
7.70 |
100.00 |
Accumulative total |
100.00 |
|
The physical property of coarse grain tailings and yellow ground relatively sees Table 4.
The physical property comparison sheet 4 of tailings and yellow ground
The sand material |
Density (g/cm
3)
|
Loose thickness (g/cm
3)
|
Voidage (%) |
Modulus of fineness |
Yellow ground |
2.65 |
1.44 |
46 |
1.9 |
Tailings |
2.89~3.01 |
1.51~1.53 |
47~50 |
2.0~2.40 |
The coarse grain tailings matter of producing all, clean, do not contain objectionable impurities such as mica, sulfate, sulfide, organic matter, clay mud, experiment detects its anti-folding of mortar, the compression strength that show with the tailings preparation and all is higher than common yellow ground, it is easy and property, water-retaining property and common yellow ground are approaching, can replace yellow ground for building to sell fully.
Fig. 2 has provided the another kind of flow chart of whole utilization of iron ore mine of the present invention and disposing technique, has carried out iron mineral and has selected.If contain the Armco magnetic iron mineral in the mine tailing, adopt weak magnetic separation process to sort; If contain the weak magnetism mineral in the mine tailing, then adopt high intensity magnetic separation or high intensity magnetic separation, reverse flotation process integration.Coarse concentrate regrinding, again select final iron ore concentrate.
Concentration of the present invention is all weight concentration.