CN101510840A - TCP/IP packet-centric wireless transmission system architecture - Google Patents

Abstract

A packet-centric wireless point to multi-point telecommunications systems includes: a wireless base station communicating via a packet-centric protocol to a first data network; one or more host workstations communicating via the packet-centric protocol to the first data network; one or more subscriber customer premise equipment (CPE) stations coupled with the wireless base station over a shared bandwidth via the packet-centric protocol over a wireless medium; and one or more subscriber workstations coupled via the packet-centric protocol to each of the subscriber CPE stations over a second network. The packet-centric protocol can be transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP). The packet-centric protocol can be a user datagram protocoi/internet protocol (UDP/IP).; The system can include a resource allocation means for allocating shared bandwidth among the subscriber CPE stations. The resource allocation is performed to optimize end-user quality of service (QoS).

Description

TCP/IP is with the wireless transmission system architecture at the center of being grouped into

The application's dividing an application that be on July 7th, 2000 application, denomination of invention for the Chinese patent application 00812510.4 of " TCP/IP is with the wireless transmission system architecture at the center of being grouped into ".

Background of the present invention

The cross reference of other application

Following application has common assignee and comprises common disclosure:

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21506, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " wireless points of paying attention to service quality (QoS) is to multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system structure ".

Submitted on July 9th, 1999, attorney docket is A-21507, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " providing the method for Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation in multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system according to the IP properties of flow in wireless points ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21508, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " providing the method that flows based on service quality (QoS) process IP in wireless points in multicast system ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21509, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " wireless points is discerned to the IP stream in the multicast system ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21510, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " the feature statement that wireless points flows to the IP in multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21511, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " classification that wireless points flows to the IP in multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21512, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " priority arrangement that wireless points flows to the IP in multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21513, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " providing the method for operation of arranging priority based on service-level agreements (SLA) in wireless points in multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system ".

Submitted on July 9th, 1999, attorney docket is A-21514, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " utilizing the method for link-layer acknowledgment control transmission control protocol (TCP) speed in multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system in wireless points ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, attorney docket is A-21532, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " in medium access control (MAC) layer of wireless points in multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system be the QoS at center with transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21533, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " being used to optimize stand-by period and the scheduling utilization based on priority of shaking sensitive IP stream in wireless points " in multicast system.

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21534, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " being used for TDMA/TDD (TDMA/TDD) cut-in method of wireless points to multicast system ".

Submitted on July 9th, 1999, attorney docket is A-21535, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " be used for wireless transmission in the multicast system in wireless points the sensitive IP stream of stand-by period and shake arranged priority based on reserving ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21536, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " arranging Internet protocol (IP) stream of priority to translate into the wireless system resources distribution the Internet in wireless points " in multiple spot (with PtMP) transmission system.

Submitted on July 9th, 1999, attorney docket is A-21539, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " the IP stream of differentiated services (DiffServ) mark being integrated in multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system method of operation of service quality (QoS) priority in wireless points ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21540, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " by the method for wireless points to the VPN(Virtual Private Network) of identification of multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system and operation ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21541, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " air frame of TDMA/TDD (TDMA/TDD) transmission medium access control (MAC) ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21542, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " medium access control (MAC) layer of paying attention to application, service quality (QoS) sensitivity ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21543, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) is with the transmission system structure of the wireless point-to-point (PtP) at the center of being grouped into ".

On July 9th, 1999 submitted to, and attorney docket is A-21547, and name is called the U.S. Patent application of " transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) is put multiple spot (PtMP) with the cable at the center of being grouped into transmission system structure ".

The field of the invention

The present invention relates generally to communication, relate more specifically to a kind of system and method for the wireless points of QoS of realizing paying attention to multicast system.

Correlation technique

For example the communication network of speech, data and video network is customized to each routinely and transmits the service of type separately.For example, voice service is to postponing very sensitivity and quality is so unimportant, so the speech net is designed to transmit the voice service with limited delay.On the other hand, traditional data, services, for example electrical form is to the time sensitivity, but needs free from error transmission.Traditional communication network utilizes circuit switching to realize acceptable terminal use's service quality (QoS).Along with the arrival of the high band wide data net of new packet switching, dissimilar services can transmit by data network.Specifically, independent speech, data and video network are converged in the single broad band remote communication network.Satisfied in order to ensure the terminal use, expect that a kind of system provides QoS for the various COS that will transmit.

Wireless network especially will be in the face of the challenge of wired competitor at transmission QoS.For example, wireless network can be because many reasons present higher bit error rate (BER) traditionally.Traditional wireless network realizes that also circuit switching connects so that reliable communication channel to be provided.But, utilize circuit switching to be connected and distribute bandwidth between the communication node, and no matter serve whether between these nodes, transmit always.Therefore, the circuit switching connection quite ineffectually utilizes communication bandwidth.

Packet switching can be than traditional circuit switching more efficient use available bandwidth.Packet switching is divided into service so-called " grouping ", and these groupings can be sent to the destination from source node and are used to reconfigure then.Therefore, thus specific a part of bandwidth can be many information sources and destination shares the more efficient use bandwidth.

Expect a kind of wireless broadband access communications system, the QoS that matches with the cable broadband access device can be provided ability.Routinely, an obstacle of configuration wireless broadband access system is can't provide the acceptable QoS characteristic when transmission is enough to satisfy the bandwidth in broadband.Transmitting original bandwidth and do not have acceptable QoS by wireless medium will be unhelpful to the terminal use.Equally, sacrificing enough bandwidth, to transmit high-quality QoS also unhelpful to the terminal use.

Tradition provides the effort of wireless broadband access system not authorize the lodestar of enough priority as this wireless system of structure to QoS, causes not being optimal design.Along with the fast development of the Internet, packet switching example and transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), obvious a kind of new wireless system design necessity that becomes.

Needed is a kind of wireless broadband access system with the center of being grouped into actual QoS ability.

The present invention's summary

The invention provides a kind of wireless point to multipoint communication system with the center of being grouped into, comprising: a wireless base station is through communicating by letter with first data network with the agreement at the center of being grouped into; One or more main work stations are through communicating by letter with first data network with the agreement at the center of being grouped into; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood, and link to each other with the wireless base station by wireless medium through the agreement with the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth; With one or more teller work stations, be connected to each that user CPE stands by second network through agreement with the center of being grouped into.Agreement with the center of being grouped into can be transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP).Agreement with the center of being grouped into can be User Datagram Protoco (UDP)/Internet protocol (UDP/IP).

This system comprises resource allocation device, is used for distributing shared bandwidth between described user CPE station.Carry out resource allocation to optimize terminal use's service quality (QoS).This radio communication media can comprise at least one: radio frequency (RF) communication medium; The cable communication media; With the satellite communication media.Radio communication media may further include the telecommunication cut-in method, and this telecommunication cut-in method comprises at least one: time division multiple access (TDMA) cut-in method; TDMA/TDD (TDMA/TDD) cut-in method; Code division multiple access (CDMA) cut-in method; And frequency division multiple access (FDMA) cut-in method.

First data network comprises at least one: wired network; Wireless network; Local Area Network; And wide area network (WAN).Second network comprises at least one: wired network; Wireless network; Local Area Network; And wide area network (WAN).

This system can comprise resource allocator, and this resource allocator distributes shared bandwidth between user CPE station.Resource allocator is optimized terminal use's service quality (QoS).Resource allocator also can be to pay attention to using.

A-21506

The invention provides the wireless point to multipoint communication system of a kind of emphasis service quality (QoS).This system comprises the wireless base station that links to each other with one or more user's CPEs (CPE) station, and this CPE station utilizes carries out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station; One or more teller work stations are connected to each of user CPE station by second network; And resource allocation device, between user CPE station, distribute shared bandwidth.

Resource allocation device comprises: analyze and dispatching device, analyze and dispatch by sharing the IP stream of wireless bandwidth, wherein IP stream comprises at least one: transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) stream, and User Datagram Protoco (UDP)/Internet protocol (UDP/IP) stream.

This analysis and dispatching device can comprise: identifier, the feature that identification IP flows explained the feature statement device of this IP stream and the grader of classification IP stream, and wherein analysis and dispatching device comprise the arrangement priority device of arranging the IP flow priority.

Identifier comprises: the analyser device of analyzing packet header field; Identifier device with the new and existing IP stream of identification.This analyser device comprises: the buffer device of buffering IP stream packets; Extract the data extract device of data from the packet header field of each grouping; With the packet header field analyser device of analyzing packet header field.The data extract device can comprise: be used for determining that IP stream packets grouping is the IPv.4 or the device of IPv.6 version; Device with the grouping that is used for syntactic analysis IP stream.The packet header field analyzer can comprise: be used for determining the device of information source application, wherein this device can comprise at least one: a kind of device is used for storing and reappearing the information source application of the source address that is used for information source application packet stem table; Be used for determining the device that information source is used from COS (TOS) packet header field; With the device of from differentiated services (DiffServ) packet header field, determining the information source application.

Feature statement device can comprise: be used for determining the device that a grouping is whether old than the thresholding life-span; Be used for using the discarded device of IP stream according to the biometrics client of grouping; The device that is used for the qos requirement of definite new IP stream; Device with the user ID that is used for determining that the user CPE relevant with this new IP stream stands.

Determine a grouping whether the device older than the thresholding life-span can comprise and be used to analyze life span (TTL) packet header field so that determine the device in grouping life-span.Determine that the device of the qos requirement of new IP stream determines that qos requirement is according at least one: source address, destination address and udp port number.The device of determining the qos requirement of new IP stream can comprise the device that is used for from the qos requirement of table storage of IP stream qos requirement and reproduction IP stream.

This grader can comprise a device that grouping is associated with an IP stream of existing IP stream.Grader can comprise that the grouping with new IP stream is categorized into the device of QoS grade marshalling.

The device that the grouping of new IP stream is categorized into the marshalling of QoS grade can be included as the device that the marshalling of QoS grade is determined and considered to described IP stream.The device that the grouping of new IP stream is categorized into the marshalling of QoS grade can be included as the device that described IP stream is considered any selectable differentiated services (DiffServ) field priority.The device that the grouping of new IP stream is categorized into the marshalling of QoS grade can be included as the device that described IP stream is considered any selectable COS (TOS) field priority.

Arrange the priority device to comprise: to be used to the device of described IP stream consideration based on multistage priority (HCBPs).Arrange the priority device can be included as the device that described IP stream is considered VPN(Virtual Private Network) priority.Arrange the priority device can be included as the device of IP stream consideration based on service-level agreements (SLA) priority.Arrange the priority device can be included as the device that IP stream is considered any COS (TOS) priority.Arrange the priority device can also be included as the device that described IP stream is considered any differentiated services (DiffServ) priority.

The invention provides a kind of wireless point to multipoint communication system with the center of being grouped into, comprising: a wireless base station links to each other with first data network; One or more main work stations link to each other with first data network; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station; Be connected to each that user CPE stands with one or more teller work stations by second network.Resource allocation device is optimized terminal use's service quality (QoS) and distribute shared bandwidth between user CPE station; Be used to analyze and dispatch the device that flows by the Internet protocol (IP) of sharing wireless bandwidth, wherein this analytical equipment comprises: recognition device identification IP stream.

IP stream can be transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) stream.IP stream can be User Datagram Protoco (UDP)/Internet protocol (UDP/IP) stream.Recognition device can comprise: analytical equipment is used for one or more packet header field that analyzing IP flows; Be used to distinguish new and device existing IP stream.

Analytical equipment is positioned at user CPE station, is used for the stand up-link wireless link of wireless base station from user CPE.Discriminating device is positioned at user CPE station, is used for the stand up-link wireless link of wireless base station from user CPE.

Analytical equipment is positioned at the wireless base station, is used for from the wireless base station to the descending wireless link at user CPE station.Discriminating device is positioned at the wireless base station, is used for from the wireless base station to the descending wireless link at user CPE station.

The device of analyzing packet header field can comprise: the device that is used to cushion the grouping of IP stream; Be used for extracting the device of data from the packet header field of each grouping; With the device that is used to analyze packet header field.The device that is used for extracting from the packet header field of each grouping data comprises: be used for determining that grouping is the device of grouping version IPv.4 or grouping version IPv.6; Device with the packet header field that is used for syntactic analysis IP stream.

Analytical equipment can comprise: be used for determining the device of information source application type, it can comprise: be used for and the device of storing and reappear the information source application type from information source application packet stem table; Be used for determining the device that information source is used from COS (TOS) packet header field; Be used for determining the device that information source is used from differentiated services (DiffServ) packet header field; Determine the device that information source is used with the information that is used for from direct application pipeline provides.

The invention provides a kind of wireless point to multipoint communication system with the center of being grouped into, comprising: a wireless base station links to each other with first data network; One or more main work stations link to each other with first data network; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station; Be connected to each that user CPE stands with one or more teller work stations by second network.Resource allocation device is optimized terminal use's service quality (QoS) and distribute shared bandwidth between user CPE station; Be used to analyze and dispatch the device that flows by the Internet protocol (IP) of sharing wireless bandwidth.This analytical equipment comprises the feature statement device that is used for feature statement IP stream.

Feature statement device can comprise the device that is used for determining that grouping is whether old than the thresholding life-span.Life-span determines that device can comprise analysis life span (TTL) packet header field and flow discarded device so that determine the device in grouping life-span or be used for using IP according to the biometrics of grouping;

Feature statement device can comprise if IP stream is new IP stream then determines that this IP flows the device of qos requirement.Feature statement device can comprise if IP stream is a new IP stream, then determines the device of the user CPE sign at this user CPE station relevant with this IP stream.The device of determining the qos requirement of new IP stream can comprise and is used for determining that the device of qos requirement is according at least one: source address, destination address and udp port number.The device of determining the qos requirement of new IP stream can comprise the device that is used for from the qos requirement of table storage of IP stream qos requirement and reproduction IP stream.

The invention provides a kind of IP traffic classification system that is used for wireless communication system.In particular, this IP traffic classification system organizes into groups IP stream in the wireless point to multipoint communication system at the center of being grouped into.

This categorizing system comprises: a wireless base station links to each other with first data network; One or more main work stations link to each other with first data network; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station; Be connected to each that user CPE stands with one or more teller work stations by second network.Resource allocation device is optimized terminal use's service quality (QoS) and distribute shared bandwidth between user CPE station; Analysis and dispatching device analysis and scheduling are by sharing Internet protocol (IP) stream of wireless bandwidth.This analytical equipment comprises the above-mentioned IP flow classifier of classification IP stream.

In one embodiment, grader comprises a device that grouping is associated with this IP stream that makes existing IP stream.Grader can comprise that the grouping with new IP stream is grouped into the device of QoS grade marshalling.The QoS organizing apparatus can comprise definite device of the QoS grade marshalling of determining and consider IP stream.The QOS organizing apparatus can be included as the differentiated services selected (DiffServ) device that IP stream is considered selectable differentiated services (DiffServ) field priority flag.The QoS organizing apparatus can also be included as selectable COS (TOS) device that IP stream is considered any selectable COS (TOS) field priority flag.

The invention provides wireless points and arrive the priority of arranging IP stream in multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system.This system comprises that a wireless base station links to each other with first data network, one or more main work stations link to each other with first data network, one or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station, one or more teller work stations are connected to each of user CPE station by second network, resource allocator this optimization terminal use's service quality (QoS) and distribute shared bandwidth between user CPE stands; Be connected to the wireless bandwidth that Internet protocol stream (IP stream) analyzer analyzing IP flows and IP stream scheduler schedules is shared of resource allocator, wherein this IP stream scheduler comprises IP stream arrangement priority device.

The prioritization device comprises the prioritization device based on multistage priority (HCBP) in an embodiment of the present invention, is used for the priority of arranging IP stream according to the HCBP priority of IP stream.In an embodiment of the present invention, HCBP prioritization device comprises the priority limiter based on grade, sets up the boundary that is used for each HCBP priority.

In an embodiment of the present invention, this prioritization device comprises VPN(Virtual Private Network) prioritization device, and this VPN(Virtual Private Network) prioritization device is the priority that VPN arranges IP stream according to the information source of IP stream.In one embodiment of the invention, VPN prioritization device is the priority that all VPNIP flow granted priority.In another embodiment of the present invention, VPN prioritization device is to be the VPN stream of particular type IP stream or the priority of the VPNIP of a kind of VPN stream granted priority.In an embodiment of the present invention, the VPN type comprises networking (DEN) the table Managed Solution type of enabling catalogue.

The prioritization device comprises the prioritization device based on service-level agreements (SLA) in an embodiment of the present invention, is used for the priority of arranging IP stream according to the user signal source of IP stream.In an embodiment of the present invention, the SLA layer for example comprises extra charge layer, index bed or numerical value layer.In an embodiment of the present invention, the prioritization device comprises COS (TOS) prioritization device, is used for arranging according to the TOS mark of IP stream packets the priority of IP stream.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the prioritization device comprises differentiated services (DiffServ) prioritization device, is used for arranging according to the DiffServ mark of IP stream packets the priority of IP stream.

The prioritization device comprises weighted-fair priority (WFP) prioritization device in an embodiment of the present invention, is used to guarantee the fair allocat of shared bandwidth, and according to the priority of IP stream the reservation policy boundary is set.

The invention provides a kind of wireless point to multipoint communication system with the center of being grouped into, this system comprises: a wireless base station links to each other with first data network, and one or more main work stations link to each other with first data network; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station, be connected to each that user CPE stands with one or more teller work stations by second network, Resources allocation is with the service quality (QoS) of optimizing the terminal use and the mode of distributing shared bandwidth between user CPE station, analyze and the mode of Internet protocol (IP) stream of scheduling by sharing wireless bandwidth wherein this scheduling mode comprise the mode of arranging the priority that described IP flows according to the priority that is used for SLA user's service-level agreements (SLA).

Another feature of said system is included as the mode of IP flow analysis SLA and the mode of arranging the IP flow priority according to one or more user-defined parameters.The SLA layer can comprise extra charge service layer, normal service layer and numerical value service layer.This system can design like this, and the service speed between (1) the SLA user that promptly various SLA layers can be used for providing different, (2) guaranteed to guarantee with (5) SLA user's shake for SLA user's network availability, the bandwidth that (3) are used for each SLA user, (4) SLA user's error rate, (5) SLA user's stand-by period.

Also disclose a kind of dispatching method that is used for the wireless point to multipoint communication system at the center of being grouped into, this system comprises a kind of communication system, and a wireless base station links to each other with first data network, and one or more main work stations link to each other with first data network; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station, be connected to each that user CPE stands with one or more teller work stations by second network, Resources allocation is in the mode of optimization terminal use's service quality (QoS), and the mode of between user CPE station, distributing shared bandwidth, analyze and dispatch the method by Internet protocol (IP) stream of sharing wireless bandwidth, wherein this dispatching method comprises the step according to the priority arrangement IP flow priority of the service-level agreements (SLA) that is used for SLA user.

The embodiment of described method can also comprise the SLA of analyzing IP stream.Another embodiment comprises the additional step of arranging the IP flow priority according to one or more user-defined parameters.This method can comprise the step of arranging priority to arrive numerical value service layer to normal service layer and arrangement priority to extra charge service layer, arrangement priority.

The invention provides the wireless point to multipoint communication system of a kind of emphasis service quality (QoS), comprising: a wireless base station links to each other with first data network; One or more main work stations link to each other with first data network; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth wireless medium and wireless base station; One or more teller work stations are connected to each user CPE station by second network; And resource allocation device, the service quality (QoS) of between user CPE station, distributing shared bandwidth to flow with the IP that optimizes the terminal use.

Resource allocation device can comprise that the time slot in future with a transmission frame is assigned to by a data grouping in this transmission frame of wireless medium transmission.Distributor can comprise: device is used to use leading reservation algorithm; First reserves device, is used for reserving first time slot according to algorithm for first packet of Internet protocol (IP) stream of transmission frame in the future; And device, second time slot is reserved in second packet of the IP stream of the transmission frame that to be used for according to this algorithm be the time after this transmission frame in future, and the mode when wherein second packet is placed on first time slot etc. with first packet is placed on second time slot.

In one embodiment, first packet is placed on first time slot and second packet is placed on the variation that has the cycle between second time slot.In another embodiment, first packet is placed on first time slot and second packet is placed on has aperiodic variation between second time slot.

Resource allocation device can be included as the device of IP stream consideration based on multistage priority (HCBP).Resource allocation device can be included as the device that IP stream is considered VPN(Virtual Private Network) priority.Resource allocation device can be included as the device of IP stream consideration based on service-level agreements (SLA) priority.Resource allocation device can be included as the device that IP stream is considered any COS (TOS) priority.Resource allocation device can be included as the device that IP stream is considered any differentiated services (DiffServ) priority.

The invention provides a kind of wireless communication networks with optimal service quality.The method that a kind of time slot in future with a transmission frame is assigned to by a data grouping in this transmission frame of wireless communication networks system transmissions comprises: use leading preservation algorithm, according to this algorithm is that first time slot is reserved in first packet that the Internet protocol (IP) in the transmission frame in future flows, second time slot is reserved in second packet according to this algorithm IP stream that is the time in the transmission frame after this transmission frame in future, and the mode when wherein second packet is placed on first time slot etc. with first packet is placed on second time slot.

In one embodiment, first packet is placed on first time slot and second packet is placed on has the cycle between second time slot and change.And in another embodiment, first packet is placed on first time slot and second packet is placed on and have aperiodic variation between second time slot.

This leading preservation algorithm determines that whether this IP stream is to shaking sensitivity.

Packet when a communication system provides etc., this communication system comprises: a wireless base station links to each other with first data network, and one or more main work stations link to each other with first data network; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station, one or more teller work stations are connected to each that user CPE stands by second network, and resource allocation device is optimized terminal use's service quality (QoS) and distribute shared bandwidth between user CPE station; Wherein leading preservation algorithm is applied to Internet protocol (IP) stream,

So that according to the one or more continuous future transmission frame reservation continuous time slot of such as the mode of this algorithm when waiting for this IP stream.This algorithm determines that whether this IP flows to shaking sensitivity, then reserves the variation that whether has the cycle between these continuous slots continuously.

The system that a kind of time slot in future with a transmission frame is assigned to by a data grouping in this transmission frame of wireless medium transmission comprises: the device that is used to use leading reservation algorithm, according to this algorithm is the device of first packet reservation of Internet protocol (IP) stream in the transmission frame in future, with a kind of device, second time slot is reserved in second packet of the IP stream of the transmission frame that to be used for according to this algorithm be the time after this transmission frame in future, and the mode when wherein second packet is placed on first time slot etc. with first packet is placed on second time slot.This arrangement can be periodically to carry out or aperiodicity ground carries out.Leading preservation algorithm is used for determining that whether IP stream is to shaking sensitivity.

This system provides the grouping of the isochronal data in the communication system, and this communication system can comprise that a wireless base station links to each other with first data network, and one or more main work stations link to each other with first data network; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station, one or more teller work stations are connected to each that user CPE stands by second network, and resource allocation device is optimized terminal use's service quality (QoS) and distribute shared bandwidth between user CPE station; This system comprises the device that leading preservation algorithm is applied to Internet protocol (IP) stream, and device, according to the mode of this algorithm when waiting for this IP stream one or more continuous will with a kind of device for transmission frame reservation continuous time slot.

Whether this leading preservation algorithm determines this IP stream to shaking sensitivity, and then this system can provide the variation that whether has the cycle between these continuous slots of continuous reservation.

The invention provides a kind of communication wireless network system with optimal service quality (QoS).A kind of Internet protocol (IP) rheology that will arrange the Internet priority is changed to the system that wireless bandwidth resource distributes and is comprised that wireless points arrives multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system, this transmission system has a wireless base station and links to each other with first data network, and one or more main work stations link to each other with first data network; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station, one or more teller work stations are connected to each of user CPE station by second network, and the resource allocator that distributes shared bandwidth between user CPE station comprises the analyzer of TCP/IP and UDP/IP stream (IP stream), this IP stream of identification IP precedence packet header IP flow identification information and classification, with IP stream scheduler, consider the priority that this IP precedence stem identification information arranges IP to flow.

IP precedence packet header IP flow identification information comprises the QoS grade marshalling of determining and consider to be used for IP stream.IP precedence packet header IP flow identification information is also considered any selectable COS (TOS) field priority flag.

This system service type (TOS) field priority flag and the Internet engineering work group (IETF) RFC1992b and IETFRFC1349 compatibility.This mark comprises minimum time-delay mark, maximum throughput mark, maximum reliability mark, minimum monetary cost mark and normal service mark.In addition, this system can handle the IP flow identification information of considering any selectable differentiated services (DiffServ) field priority flag, for example with the mark of the Internet engineering work group (IETF) RFC2474 and IETFRFC2475 compatibility.

In one embodiment, IP precedence packet header IP flow identification information comprises the device that is used to consider any resource reservation protocol (rsvp) information and target.This RSVP information can comprise that routing information, reservation (Resv), path dismounting information, resv dismantle information, tracking error information and confirmation.Other RSVP target comprises null, session, RSVP_hop, time_values, style, flowspec, sender_template, sender_Tspec, Adspec, Error_Spec, Policy_data, Integrity, this RSVP mark of Scope and Resv_Confirm. and the Internet engineering work group (IETF) RFC2205 compatibility.

The invention provides a kind of wireless point to multipoint communication system with the center of being grouped into, comprising: a wireless base station links to each other with first data network; One or more main work stations link to each other with first data network; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station; Be connected to each that user CPE stands with one or more teller work stations by second network; Resource allocation device is optimized terminal use's service quality (QoS) and distribute shared bandwidth between user CPE station; Be used to analyze and dispatch the device that flows by the Internet protocol (IP) of sharing wireless bandwidth.

This dispatching device comprises that the priority according to VPN(Virtual Private Network) is that IP stream is arranged the device of priority.This system can be included as this IP flow analysis VPN(Virtual Private Network) priority or arrange the device of the priority of all VPNIP streams.This system can comprise the device that is used for arranging according to one or more user-defined parameters the priority of this IP stream.In this system, VPN can comprise networking (DEN) the table Managed Solution of enabling catalogue.VPN can utilize point-to-point tunnel protocol (pptp) to realize.

Also comprise the method that is used to finish foregoing.

The invention provides (PtP) communication system of a kind of wireless point-to-point with the center of being grouped into, comprising: a wireless base station is through communicating by letter with first data network with the agreement at the center of being grouped into; One or more main work stations are through communicating by letter with first data network with the agreement at the center of being grouped into; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood and are connected with this wireless base station by shared bandwidth through the agreement with the center of being grouped into by wireless medium; With one or more teller work stations, be connected to each that user CPE stands by second network through agreement with the center of being grouped into.Agreement with the center of being grouped into can be transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP).Agreement with the center of being grouped into can be User Datagram Protoco (UDP)/Internet protocol (UDP/IP).

This system comprises the resource allocation device that is used for distributing shared bandwidth between user CPE station.Can carry out resource allocation to optimize terminal use's service quality (QoS).

This radio communication media can comprise at least one: radio frequency (RF) communication medium; The cable communication media; With the satellite communication media.This radio communication media can also comprise the telecommunication cut-in method, and this telecommunication cut-in method comprises at least one: time division multiple access (TDMA) cut-in method; TDMA/TDD (TDMA/TDD) cut-in method; Code division multiple access (CDMA) cut-in method; And frequency division multiple access (FDMA) cut-in method.First data network can comprise at least one: wired network; Wireless network; Local Area Network; And wide area network (WAN).Second network can comprise at least one: wired network; Wireless network; Local Area Network; And wide area network (WAN).

This system can comprise resource allocator, and this resource allocator distributes shared bandwidth between user CPE station.Resource allocator is optimized terminal use's service quality (QoS).Resource allocator also can be to pay attention to using.

The invention provides a kind of BBC (broadband coaxial cable) point to multipoint communication system with the center of being grouped into, comprising: a cable wireless base station is through communicating by letter with first data network with the agreement at the center of being grouped into; One or more main work stations are through communicating by letter with first data network with the agreement at the center of being grouped into; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood, and link to each other with the wireless base station by the coaxial cable communication media through the agreement with the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth; With one or more teller work stations, be connected to each that user CPE stands by second network through agreement with the center of being grouped into.Agreement with the center of being grouped into can be transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP).Agreement with the center of being grouped into can be User Datagram Protoco (UDP)/Internet protocol (UDP/IP).

This system can comprise the cable resource allocator, is used for distributing shared bandwidth between user CPE station.Resource allocator can be optimized terminal use's service quality (QoS).The coaxial cable communication media can comprise the RF data communications by coaxial cable, and wherein one or more cable modem modulation and demodulation are by the signal of this media transmission.This cable modem can meet DOC/SYS.This QoS optimizes cable resource allocator system and can comprise: IP flows identifier; IP stream feature statement device; The IP flow classifier; With IP flow priority sorting unit.

This coaxial cable communication media can also comprise the telecommunication cut-in method, and this telecommunication cut-in method comprises at least one: time division multiple access (TDMA) cut-in method; TDMA/TDD (TDMA/TDD) cut-in method; Time division multiple access (TDMA) cut-in method; And frequency division multiple access (FDM) cut-in method.First data network can be a wired network; Wireless network; Local Area Network; And wide area network (WAN).Second network can comprise at least one: wired network; Wireless network; Local Area Network; And wide area network (WAN).

Resource allocator can be to pay attention to using.This system can be point-to-point (Ptp) network.This system also can be that point is to multiple spot (PtMP) network.

The invention provides a kind of being used in the method for distributing shared wireless bandwidth with the wireless point to multipoint communication system at the center of being grouped into.This method is included in wireless base station and one or more user's CPE (CPE) and distributes this shared bandwidth between standing.This method can comprise the dynamic assignment shared bandwidth.This method can be that this shared bandwidth is distributed on the basis with the frame.(1) uplink direction with the wireless base station of standing from user CPE distributes this shared bandwidth frame, or (2) are to distribute this shared bandwidth frame from the wireless base station to the down link direction at user CPE station.

This method can also comprise: with a subframe in the frame serves as that this shared bandwidth is distributed on the basis; The subframe of distributing this shared bandwidth with the uplink direction of the wireless base station of standing from user CPE; With the subframe of distributing this shared bandwidth to the down link direction at user CPE station from the wireless base station.

In one embodiment, it serves as that this shared bandwidth is distributed on the basis that this method comprises with a time slot in the frame, comprise: distribute the time slot of this shared bandwidth and to distribute the time slot of this shared bandwidth from the wireless base station to the down link direction at user CPE station with the uplink direction of the wireless base station of standing from user CPE.

In one embodiment, this method comprises with a sub-slots in the frame serving as that this shared bandwidth is distributed on the basis.This comprises that the uplink direction with the wireless base station of standing from user CPE distributes the sub-slots of this shared bandwidth, or distributes the sub-slots of this shared bandwidth with the down link direction of standing to user CPE from the wireless base station.

This method can be distributed to shared bandwidth one or more control groupings.This method comprises allocation of downlink affirmation time slot; Distribute the reservation request time slot; The batch operation data slot; Distribute up affirmation time slot; Distribute and confirm the request time slot; Distribute the frame descriptor time slot; With assignment commands and control time slot.

This method can be distributed to shared bandwidth one or more packets.This method can comprise this shared bandwidth is assigned to uplink direction; With this shared bandwidth is assigned to the down link direction.

The invention provides a kind of method, be used for providing the wireless point-to-multipoint communication of paying attention to service quality (QoS) in communication system.This communication system comprises: a wireless base station links to each other with first data network; One or more main work stations link to each other with first data network; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station; One or more teller work stations are connected to each of user CPE station by second network.

The inventive method can comprise in the mode of optimizing terminal use QoS distributes shared bandwidth between user CPE station.

This method comprises by sharing wireless bandwidth analysis and scheduling IP stream.This comprises identification IP stream; Feature statement IP stream; Classification IP stream; With the priority of arranging IP stream.

This identification step can comprise the analysis packet header field; With new the flowing of identification with existing IP.This comprises: cushion the grouping of this IP stream; Extract data from the packet header field of each grouping; With this packet header field of analysis.It also comprises determines that this IP stream packets is IPv.4 grouping version or IPv.6 grouping version; With the device that is used for this grouping of syntactic analysis.It also comprises determines the information source application type, comprises at least one: the information source of storage and reproduction source address is used from information source application packet stem table; From COS (TOS) packet header field, determine the information source application; Use with definite information source from differentiated services (DiffServ) packet header field; Identification step can also comprise that storing existing IP stream the neutralization of into IP stream recognition data table reappears existing IP stream from IP stream recognition data table.

This method can also comprise: determine whether a grouping is older than the thresholding life-span; It is discarded to use IP stream according to the biometrics client of this grouping; Determine the qos requirement of new IP stream; With the user ID of determining the user CPE station relevant with new IP stream.It can comprise analyzes life span (TTL) packet header field so that determine the life-span of this grouping.

This method can also comprise: the qos requirement of determining new IP stream is according at least one: source address; Destination address; With udp port number.This method can comprise that the grouping with new IP stream is categorized into the device of QoS grade marshalling.It can comprise: determine and consider the QoS grade marshalling of this IP stream.Consider to be used for any selectable differentiated services (DiffServ) the field priority flag of this IP stream.Consider to be used for any selectable COS (TOS) the field priority flag of this IP stream.For this IP stream is considered based on multistage priority (HCBPs); Consider the priority of VPN(Virtual Private Network) for this IP stream; Be the priority of this IP stream consideration based on service-level agreements (SLA); Consider to be used for any selectable COS (TOS) the field priority of this IP stream.Be this IP stream and consider any differentiated services (DiffServ) priority.

The invention provides a kind of method, be used for to multiple spot (PtMP) transmission system the IP stream of differentiated services (Diffserv) mark being integrated into service quality (QoS) priority in wireless points.This system comprises: a wireless base station links to each other with first data network, and one or more main work stations link to each other with first data network; One or more user's CPEs (CPE) are stood to utilize and are carried out radio communication with the agreement at the center of being grouped into by shared bandwidth and wireless base station, one or more teller work stations are connected to each that user CPE stands by second network, and distribute the resource allocator of shared bandwidth between user CPE station.Method of the present invention comprises step: analyzing IP stream is used for differentiated services (DiffServ) mark; Dispatch this IP stream with any this DiffServ mark of consideration.

IP stream can comprise at least one: TCP/IP stream; Flow with UDP/IP.This analytical procedure can comprise: identification has this IP stream of this DiffServ mark; The feature statement has this IP stream of this DiffServ mark; This IP that has this DiffServ mark with classification flows.This scheduling step can comprise the priority of considering that any DiffServ mark and another IP precedence stem identification information arrange IP to flow.The step of this arrangement priority can comprise weighted-fair priority (WFP).

Arrange the step of priority can comprise at least one: to arrange priority based on multistage priority according to what IP flowed; Level priority according to service-level agreements (SLA) is arranged priority; According to VPN(Virtual Private Network) appointment scheduling priority; With arrange priority according to VPN(Virtual Private Network) subscription level priority.

Identification step can comprise at least one: analyze the one or more packet header field in this IP stream; With new the flowing of differentiation with existing IP.The step of analyzing packet header field can comprise: cushion the grouping of this IP stream; Extract identifying information from the packet header field of each grouping; Analyze this identification information from this packet header field.Extraction step can comprise at least one: determine that this grouping is grouping version IPv.4 or grouping version IPv.6; The packet header field of this IP stream of syntactic analysis.Analytical procedure can comprise the step of determining the information source application type.

Analytical procedure can comprise the step of considering any differentiated services (DiffServ) field priority flag.The diffserv field priority flag can with the Internet engineering work group (IETF) RFC2474 compatibility.The diffserv field priority flag can with the IETFRFC2475 compatibility.

Classification step can comprise a step that grouping is associated with existing IP stream that makes existing IP stream.This classification step can comprise that the grouping with new IP stream is grouped into the step of QoS grade marshalling.This marshalling step can comprise the step of any DiffServ mark of considering IP stream.The step of this arrangement priority can comprise the step of any DiffServ mark of considering IP stream.

Accompanying drawing is described

The present invention is described below with reference to accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1A provides the block diagram of standard telecommunicatio network overview, and this telecommunicatio network provides the local switch carrier service in one or more Local Access and Transport Area LATAs;

Figure 1B describes a demonstration network, and this network comprises the work station that links to each other with a data network;

Fig. 1 C illustrates a traditional video net, for example cable TV (CATV) net;

Fig. 2 A is the block diagram of description standard telecommunicatio network overview, and this telecommunicatio network provides local switch carrier wave and interoffice carrier service between the user in different Local Access and Transport Area LATAs;

Fig. 2 B explains signaling network;

Fig. 2 C explanation is transported the demonstration network of speech, data and Video service by data network;

Fig. 2 D describes a kind of network, and this network comprises that pathway is connected to the wireless network of the point of data network to multiple spot by device;

Fig. 3 A describes the exemplary perspective view of point-to-multipoint network;

Fig. 3 B describes the block diagram that further specifies wireless point-to-multipoint network;

Fig. 4 describes wireless the Internet protocol network insertion structure of the present invention;

Fig. 5 A describes the Internet protocol stream that is wiredly connected to the wireless base station that passes through to destination host from subscriber's main station;

Fig. 5 B explanation comprises the functional flow diagram of the attached agency's of transmission control protocol functional description example, and this attached agency carries out out transmission control protocol deception function;

Fig. 5 C explanation comprises the functional flow diagram of the attached agency's of transmission control protocol functional description example, and this attached agency carries out Incoming transmission control protocol deception function;

Fig. 6 illustrates that the expression scheduling mixes the block diagram of Internet protocol stream;

Fig. 7 illustrates packet header field information, and this information can be used for discerning the requirement of Internet protocol stream and Internet protocol stream;

Fig. 8 A is the block diagram of summing up exemplary downlink analysis, arranging priority and scheduling feature;

Fig. 8 B is the block diagram of summing up exemplary up link analysis, arranging priority and scheduling feature;

Fig. 9 illustrates how the downlink flow scheduler considers service-level agreements in priority of arranging frame slot and scheduling resource assigning process;

Figure 10 describes the embodiment of medium access control hardware structure of the present invention;

Figure 11 is the exemplary software organization that is used for the wireless point to multipoint communication system at the center of being grouped into;

The time division multiple access medium access control air frame that Figure 12 A explanation is exemplary;

Figure 12 B explanation is used for the demonstrative structure of TDMA/TDD (TDMA/TDD) air frame;

The downlink transfer subframe that Figure 12 C explanation is exemplary;

Figure 12 D illustrates the exemplary up affirmation grouping field of exemplary downlink transfer subframe;

Figure 12 E illustrates the exemplary affirmation request grouping field of exemplary downlink transfer subframe;

The exemplary frame descriptor grouping field of Figure 12 F explanation downlink transfer subframe;

The exemplary descending medium access control Payload data cell of Figure 12 G explanation downlink transfer subframe;

The exemplary order and the control grouping of Figure 12 H explanation downlink transfer subframe;

The uplink subframe that Figure 12 I explanation is exemplary;

The exemplary descending affirmation grouping of Figure 12 J explanation uplink subframe;

The exemplary reservation request grouping of Figure 12 K explanation uplink subframe 1204;

The exemplary medium access control Payload data cell of Figure 12 L explanation uplink subframe;

The example operation packet of Figure 12 M, 12N and 120 explanation uplink subframes;

Figure 13 explanation is used for the exemplary flow scheduler of function of the present invention;

Figure 14 is the exemplary two-dimensional block diagram of leading preservation algorithm;

Figure 15 A is the example logic flow chart that is used for the down link stream analyzer;

Figure 15 B is the example logic flow chart that is used for the downlink flow scheduler;

Figure 16 A is the example logic flow chart that is used for the up link stream analyzer;

Figure 16 B is the example logic flow chart that is used for the uplink flow scheduler;

Figure 17 illustrates the Internet protocol stream of down link direction, comprises the internet protocol security encryption; With

Figure 18 illustrates the internet protocol security support of uplink direction.

In the accompanying drawing, identical Reference numeral ordinary representation is identical, the element of functional similarity and/or structural similarity.First element that the occurs leftmost numeral of Reference numeral in the accompanying drawing.

Detailed description of preferred embodiment

VII. example environment

The present invention describes according to example environment.The fixing wireless points of this example environment utilization connects to transmit the data message of grouping to multiple spot (PtMP), and this data message comprises IP phone, video, the data of for example receiving from communication carrier.Just as used herein, communication carrier can comprise for example for example PTTs and NEs of ILECs, CLECs, IXCs, NGTs and enhanced service provider (ESPs) and global entity of the domestic entity of US (referring to following definition at part II) that those skilled in the art can discern.In addition, just as used herein, a kind of communication system comprises for example ILECs, CLECs, IxCs and used national system and the global system of enhanced service provider (ESPs) entity that those skilled in the art can discern.

In a preferred embodiment, communication service connects arrival from wide area network (WAN).Data, services receives also and can be demodulated into for example peer-peer protocol (PPP) from Internet protocol (IP) form from data network by network router.Network router can for example comprise all-purpose computer, the for example routing software or the special-purpose routing arrangement of SUN work station operation, the SanJose of CISCO for example, the Alameda of CA, ASCEND, the Alameda of CA, NETOPIA, the SantaClara of CA or 3COM, the various models of CA.

In another kind of scheme, for example the Virtual Private Network of (point-to-point tunnel protocol (pptp)) is used in and produces " tunnel " between long-distance user and the company data net.The tunnel allows the network manager to expand Virtual Private Network from server (for example WindowsNT server) to data network (for example the Internet).

Though the present invention describes according to this example environment, then important it should be noted that just provides a description with these terms for illustrative purposes.The present invention does not expect to limit to for this reason accurate interoperability between example environment or the said apparatus.In fact, after the description below reading, how those skilled in the relevant art realize that at other environment the present invention will become clearly.

VIII. definition

The following common communication term of table 1 definition.These terms are used for the remainder of the whole specification of the present invention.

Table 1

Term	Definition
		Network access tandem exchange (AT)	AT is used for the 3/4 class switch that conversion is called out between the EOs of LATA.The user that AT is provided to IXCs inserts, so that the trunk call service to be provided.Entering innings tandem exchange is a network node.Other network node can for example comprise that CLEC or other enhanced service provider (ESP), International gateway or the whole world exist point (GPOP) or ip intelligent peripherals (IP).
Carrying (B) channel	Carrying (B) channel is to be used to transport digital voice and digital data information.Isdn bearer channel is per second 64,000 bits, and it can transport PCM digitized speech or data.
		The callee	The callee is in the destination or terminal receives automatic network to send the caller who calls out.

The calling party	The calling party places the caller who calls out from initiating terminal by the network of any kind.
		Central office (CO)	CO is the facility that holds local EO.EOs often is called COs.
1 grade of switch	1 grade of exchange, regional center (RC) are the top of local and long-distance exchange, or " last appeals to office " is to finish calling.
		3 grades of switches	3 grades of exchanges are main center (PC); Network access tandem exchange (AT) has 3 class functions.
4 grades of switches	If it is toll center (TC) or toll point (TP) that 4 grades of exchange operators exist; Network access tandem exchange (AT) has 4 class functions.
		5 grades of switches	5 grades of exchanges are lowermost layer of terminal station (EO) or local and long-distance exchange, local central office.The most close terminal use of this switch.
The LEC (CLEC) of competition	CLECs be can with the telco service provider of the local telephone network service of ILECs competition. Nterprise is that Century21 is an example.CLEC can or cannot the IXC service.
		Competition inserts supplier (CAPS)	Example is Teligent and Winstar.
CPE (CPE)	CPE is meant the equipment that is positioned at the client house, and is used to be connected to telephone network, comprises ordinary telephone set, KTS (key telephone system), PBXs, video conferencing equipment and modulator-demodulator.
		Digitalized data (or numerical data)	Digitalized data is meant the analogue data (promptly comprising 0 and 1 sequence) of sampling and becoming binary representation.The less influence that is subjected to noise and attenuation distortion of digitalized data is because its easier regeneration is to rebuild primary signal.
Go out network termination office	Outlet EO is node or the destination EO that is directly connected to callee, end point, and callee's " ownership " exports EO.
		Outlet	Outlet is meant from the connection to service circuit center (SWC) of the callee of network destination end or terminal.

Terminal station (EO)	EO is the 5 class switches that are used for being used in the LATA change exchange call.The user of LEC connects (" ownership ") to EOs, and expression EOs is last switch that the user connects.
		Enhancement service provider (ESP)	Network service provider.
The equal access	The 1+ dialing is used for the US domestic call, is used for inserting as required any long-haul carrier, requires from the AT﹠amp of parent company; T separate areas Bel operates the improvement of company (RBOCs) and finally judges under (MFJ) term.
		The whole world on-the-spot point (GPOP)	GPOP is meant international telecommunication equipment and domestic equipment interface position, and the world goes out Incoming POP.
The LEC (ILEC) that is employed	ILECs is the traditional LECs of the U.S., and it is that regional Bel operates company (RBOCs).Bell South and US West are examples.ILEC can also represent independently LEC, for example GTE.
		The inlet terminal station	Inlet EO is node or service circuit center (SVC) that is directly connected to callee, starting point, callee's " ownership " inlet " EO.
Inlet	Inlet is meant from calling party or initial connection.
		Integrated Service Digital Network(ISDN) (ISDN) basic rate interface (BRI) circuit	Isdn primary rate interface (BIR) circuit provides 2 carrying B channels and 1 data D circuit (usually said pass through one or two pair " 2B+D ") to the user.
Integrated Service Digital Network(ISDN) (ISDN)	ISDN is the network that standard is provided for the amount of bandwidth of communication (speech, data and signaling), end-to-end Digital Transmission circuit, out-of-band signalling and characteristic remarkable.
		Middle machine relaying (IMT)	Middle machine relaying (IMT) is the circuit between the switch of two public connections.
Inter-exchange carrier wave (IXC)	IXCs is a U.S. national distance telco service provider.AT﹠amp; T, MCI, Sprint are examples.
		Internet protocol (IP)	IP is the part of ICP/IP protocol.It is used for the identification input

	Information, be that outgoing message selects route, follows the tracks of the internet node address (with the TCP/IP main frame on the numeral appointment the Internet).IP is corresponding to the network layer of OSI.
		ISP (ISP)	ISP is the company that internet access is provided for the user.
Isdn primary rate interface (PRI)	Isdn primary rate interface (PRI) circuit provides coordinate for ISDN provides the T1 circuit.The PRI that is delivered to the client house can provide 23B+D (North America) or 30B+D (Europe) channel that moves with 1.544 megabits per seconds and 2.048 megabits per seconds respectively.
		Local switch carrier wave (LEC)	LECs is a local telecommunications services provider.Bell Atlantic and US West are examples.
The local access and transmission district (LATA)	LATA is the area that LEC provides service.Inner these local geographical areas of the U.S. have 160 LATAs of surpassing.
		Local Area Network	LAN is by relatively than short distance (for example, interior of building) under standardization control ComputerAnd ancillary equipment (for example, printer and modulator-demodulator) provides the communication network that is connected.
Improved final judgement (MFJ)	Improved final judgement (MFJ) is that the regional Bel of requirement operates the parent company AT﹠amp of company (RBOCs) from them; The decision that T breaks away from.
		Network node	Network node is the generic term of resource in the telecommunicatio network, comprises switch, DACS, regenerator or the like.Network node comprises all inverter circuits (transmission) equipment in essence.Other network node can comprise for example CLEC device, or other enhanced service provider (ESP), exists point (POP), the world to go out Incoming or there is point (GPOP) in the whole world.
Newcomer (NE)	A new generation's global communication.
		Phone (NGT) of future generation	New telco service provider, particularly IP phone provider.Example is layer 3 and Qwest.
Packetized voice or pass through backbone network	An example of packetized voice is to pass through Internet protocol

Speech	Speech (VOIP).Speech by grouping is meant by data network and transports phone or voice service, for example speech by frame, speech by ATM, speech by Internet protocol (IP), speech by Virtual Private Network (VPNs), speech by backbone network or the like.
		Pipeline or private communication facility	Pipeline or private communication facility are connected to the Internet with ISP.
There is point (POP)	POP is meant the interior position of LATA that IXC and LEC equipment insert.
		PPTP (PPTP)	Virtual private fidonetFido, PPTP (PPTP) are used in and set up " tunnel " between long-distance user and the data network.The tunnel allows the network manager that VPN(Virtual Private Network) is expanded to data network (for example the Internet) from server (for example Windows nt server).
Point-to-point (PPP) agreement	PPP is the agreement that allows computer and the Internet to utilize modulator-demodulator to connect.PPP supports high-quality figure front end, similar Netscape.
		Postal telephone telegram (PTT)	The telephone operator of national management, many management, for example NTT of just removing.
Private branch exchange (PBX)	PBX is the private branch exchange system that is positioned at user's defence.The user generally is the private company that the crack net provides local exchange.
		Special line with dialing tone	Special line is specifically to be exclusively used in the direct channels that the client uses between two concrete points.Special line with dialing tone can be connected to the access connector of PBX or ISP end office (EO) (for example, the T1 of channelizing or PRI).Special line can also be called leased line.
Public switch telephone network (PSTN)	PSTN is global speech switching network
		Regional Bel operates company (RBOCs)	RBOCs is from AT﹠amp; After breaking away from, T provide the Bel of LEC service to operate company.
Signaling system 7 (SS7)	SS7 is a kind of common signal channel office that is widely used in all over the world

	Between signaling (CCIS).The SS7 network provides signaling capability, and Route Selection and destination signal and monitoring wire and circuit state are called out and arrived, transmit in expression.
		Exchange class or office class	Office class be according to transmission requirement and with the multilevel relation of other switching center function rank to the telephone central office switch.Break away from AT﹠amp at RBOCs; Before the T, office class is a numeral of distributing to office according to the multistage function in American public switching network (PSTN).Grade numeral below using: 1 grade=zone center (RC), 2 grades=regional center (RC) (SC), 3 grades=main center (PC), 4 grades=toll center (TC), if the operator exists or other toll point (TP), 5 grades=end office (EO) (EO) local central offices.Any one center processing is from a lower service to two or more centers of hierarchy.Have more intelligent software because deprive with exchange, these appointments have become so infirm.5 grades of the most close terminal uses of switch.Technology has been disperseed the traditional definition of network hierarchy and switch grade more near the terminal use.
The telecommunications carrier wave	There are point (GPOP) in LEC, CLEC, IXC, enhanced service provider (ESP), ip intelligent peripherals (TP), the world/whole world, promptly any telco service provider.
		Transmission control protocol (TCP)	TCP is an end-to-end protocol, in the transmission of OSI and session layer operation, through separating and ordering IP is grouped in Data transmission byte between the process of master computer operation.
Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP)	TCP/IP is the agreement that communication is provided between interference networks.ICP/IP protocol is widely used in the Internet, and it is the network that comprises by the many catenets that connect at a high speed.
		Trunk line	Trunk line connects network access tandem exchange (AT) and end office (EO) (EO).

Wide area network (WAN)

WAN is the data network that LAN is expanded to the telecommunications carrier circuit.This carrier wave generally is general carrier wave.Bridge joint switch or router are used to connect LAN and WAN.

Ix. foreword

Service quality in the wireless environment (QOS)

The notion of service quality (QoS) is the most difficult and least intelligible theme in the data network.Though public term is arranged in data network, QoS has many different purposes and definition, and this can cause the conflict with accurate or quantitative term.When attempt to measure or specify when being enough to allow to carry out equipment or network performance, can further find collision about relatively numerical value of QoS.

When being applied to RFDC, transmitted and amplified in the common collision about QoS of data network.Wireless transmission has the intrinsic error rate (BER) higher than wire transmission.Make and wish QoS is defined as a plurality of complexity factors in the special solution RFDC for a plurality of users that share wireless medium increase the topological structure of for example putting multiple spot (PtMP).

For the clear definition of the QoS that is applicable to RFDC is provided, the problem character that QoS will solve is useful.Many problems of carrying out data communication by wireless mode are exclusive and are different from wired data communication, but in fact have some problems to have.For wireless broadband access system, the quality problems of transmission are more complicated than wired analog form.Be similar to wired homologue, the problem that wireless transmission data run into for example comprises at a slow speed peripheral hardware access, data error, " spill-over ", unnecessary repeating transmission, congested, the out-of-sequence packet of service, delay and jitter.Except these problems, wireless transmission has increased problem, and these problems comprise for example higher intrinsic error rate (BERs), finite bandwidth, user's contention, radio interference and the management of TCP service speed.The wireless system expectation of paying attention to QOS solves these all problems.

The user of data network has multiple mode to experience difficulty.A kind of network difficulty is owing to lack network availability.According to employed access technology, this can comprise unexpected " going offline " that " modulator-demodulator is not replied " situation, " network busy " situation or network connect.These situations can not be described as consistent with high QoS.Connect in case realize network because the congested slow communication service that causes, local insert bottleneck and network failure can show as webpage load slow, file transfers is slow or stream multimedia use in voice of poor quality.Meeting of poor quality during stream multimedia is used causes height " shake ", or postpones greatly and rapidly to change, and causes interruption, distortion or the termination of session.Many different situations can cause actual data error, and it may be catastrophic under some environment, for example in the document transmission process of electrical form.Expectation can minimize or eliminate these problems of data communication network.

1. quality

In data network, quality means usually with the reliable and mode processing that transmits data timely.Reliably and in time be the character that depends on the communication service that will solve.These terms can comprise that restricting data is lost, expected data accuracy, restricting data postpone to change (being also referred to as shake) and restricting data repeating transmission and the inverted reference of restricting data order of packets.Therefore, QoS is a complex conception, and it needs quite complicated mechanism to realize.

QoS can be a kind of relative term, has different implications for different users.The user that the casual user of browse network but non-file in download transportation protocol (FTP) file or real time multimedia sessions downloads with the ftp file that carries out many large databases or financial sffairs paper occasionally, frequent H.323 video conference and IP phone are called out has the different definition to QoS.And the user can be high network availability, the low delay and low jitter payment extra charge (being so-called service-level agreements (SLA)), and another user can be for occasionally surfing on the net or only in the low expense of payment at weekend.Therefore, perhaps preferably QoS is interpreted as continuity, by what network performance characteristic to specific user and the most important definition of customer sla.Maximization terminal use's experience provides the necessary component of wireless QoS.

2. service

In data network, service can be defined as a kind of connection from the network end to end.In the past, service can be further defined as concrete agreement, for example the IPX of the system network architecture of IBM (SNA), Novell, the DECnet of Digital.But seemingly TCP/IP (promptly comprising User Datagram Protoco (UDP) (UDP)) has proceeded to the overwhelming agreement that becomes selection, and will continue to become inundatory in predictable future.Therefore, service can be defined as the TCP/IP connection or the transmission of specific type.This COS can comprise for example ftp file transmission, E-mail service, hypertext transfer agreement (HTTP) service, H.323 video conferencing session.Expect that a kind of QoS mechanism handles these dissimilar services, except handling the dissimilar quality of previous discussion.

3. as a kind of QoS of mechanism

QoS can think a kind of mechanism, is used for the network service that network, transmission and communication resource distribution that the distribution of choice lacks have the difference type of suitable priority.Ideally, the characteristic of the character of data communication services amount, customer requirements, network scenario and information source and the stay of two nights can change the QoS mechanism in any given time operation.But last, desired QoS mechanism thinks that the user provides the mode of optimal service to operate, and defines irrelevant in which way with the user.

A. Circuit-switched QoS

Telephone operator is mainly leaving in the network of voice service generation, and transfer of data is the definition realization at center with the circuit with reference to QoS's.In this definition, QoS be meant transport asynchronous (i.e. beginning by sequence needn't utilize public clock transfer data with stopping) and etc. the time (for to the speech of time sensitivity and video access network bandwidth regularly) service the Circuit-switched QoS of ability by contributing the end to end circuit realization, no matter it is speech (referring to Figure 1A) or data for is connected or serve at every turn.The QoS mechanism that with the circuit is the center only provides this circuit so that the user monopolizes use.Certainly, the method whole duration of session all for unique user provides circuit, whole transmission channels and the transmission medium self relevant with this circuit, and whether the actual transmissions data are irrelevant constantly with each of session.People believe to have only this mode can really realize QoS usually.Whether therefore, wireless broadband access system (referring to Fig. 2 A) traditional design is also utilized the method, all provide wireless channel for each specific data connects, and really have the data transmission irrelevant with application or at any given time.This QoS's is that the scheme at center is quite expensive with regard to the utilance of the cost of equipment and transmission medium self with the circuit.

B. ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) QoS

For the ATM net, telephone operator can be continuous the speech circuit mechanism for leaving over to provide with the circuit be the QoS mechanism at center, this QoS mechanism has the permanent virtual connection (PVCs) (virtual path or virtual channel that being unlimited utilization provides connect (VPC or VCC)) of setting up with analog form and exchange virtual connection (SVCs) (be the ATM net according to receive from terminal use or another network signaling information needs set up the logic connection between the end points).But, need a plurality of new ideas, comprise the mechanism that allows strategy, service shaping and for example leak bucket, so that handle the service that is categorized as variable bit rate (VBR), constant bit rate (CBR) and unspecified bit rate (UBR) now.

Virtual circuit is set up for data transmission conversation, whether transmits data independence with the data application or at any given time once more.Though ATM is provided for the QoS of broadband networks service, the basis hypothesis of ATM design includes the low BER characteristic of gauze rather than the high BER of wireless medium.Service characteristic and wireless higher intrinsic BER that nonrecognition ATM reason is transported just can not provide actual QoS.ATMQoS mechanism does not solve the unique challenges relevant with radio communication.

C. the QoS of packet switching

Packet switching is to have revolutionary data communication, and therefore traditional circuit switching and ATM net notion and their the QoS mechanism of leaving over need to upgrade.For packet-switched data communication, it provides circuit can not for specific data communication session.In fact, the packet switching strength is the flexibility of Route Selection and the concurrency of its respective physical network.Therefore, QoS mechanism can't be being that the identical mode of the QoS mechanism at center is worked with the circuit with what leave over.

Provide " suitable " bandwidth to be not the enough QoS mechanism that is used for the packet switching network, rather than to be used for wireless broadband access system simply.Though some IP stream is " to the bandwidth sensitivity ", and other IP stream is to postponing and/or the shake sensitivity.In real time or media stream and application can not guarantee behavior timely by too much bandwidth is provided simply, even be not the problem of cost.Expectation is used for IP be the detailed service IP stream of the QoS mechanism identification of wireless broadband access system at center with IP stream between different requirements, and distribute in the mode of the best and to transmit these IP and flow essential system and media resource.

D. summary-QoS mechanism

At last, terminal use's experience is the final judgement person of QoS.Expectation is that the wireless broadband access system at center distributes and regulating system and media resource in the mode that can maximize end-user experience with IP.For for example application of initial page download screen, data transmission bauds is the best measured value of QoS.For other application, for example download or upload electrical form, the minimizing of the transmitting measured values error that QoS is best.Use for some, the best measured value of QoS can be to optimize speed and error.Use for some, transmitting grouping timely can be the best measured value of QoS.The important timely transmission that it should be noted that rapid data transmission and grouping is also inequality.For example, " too old " packet can promptly be transmitted, but also can be experienced useless to the user.The character of data application self and the end-user experience of expectation can provide the most reliable standard for QoS mechanism then.Expectation is that the wireless broadband access system at center provides QoS mechanism with IP, and this QoS mechanism can be the system performance of each specific IP stream, can also adapt to the change of network load, congested and error rate and changes.

4. service guarantees and service-level agreements (SLAs)

Service guarantees can be carried out, and service-level agreements (SLA) can enter between telco service provider and the user, thereby can describe the network availability of given extent, and interview expenses can be based on the degree of this appointment.Regrettably, be difficult to quantize degree, so it becomes quite coarse the measuring of service performance at any given time network availability.Expected data transfer rate, error rate, repeating transmission, delay and jitter are measured as network availability, but are measured the ability that this tittle has exceeded legacy network service provider (NSP) in real time.

Another layer service difference of Internet Service Provider's expectation is service-level agreements (SLA), and this agreement provides different service speed, network availability, bandwidth, error rate, stand-by period and shakes to guarantee.Expectation is that the wireless broadband access system at center can provide SLAs with IP, makes the service provider can have more opportunity and is used for service differentiation and income.

5. the grade of service and service quality

In order to realize actual QoS mechanism, expect that a kind of system can distinguish communication service or COS, so the different layers of system resource can be distributed to these types.The device that traditionally " grade of service " is called the marshalling COS that can receive similar processing or distribution system and media resource.

At present, there are a plurality of methods can be used to the wired network device and realize the differentiated services grade.Method as an example comprises service shaping, permission control, IP is preferential and the difference congestion management.Thereby being the wireless broadband access system at center with IP, expectation utilize these all methods that service area is divided into the grade of service, these grades of service are mapped to operation and the management that the QoS matrix is simplified QoS mechanism.

B.QoS and be the wireless environment at center with IP

In multiple spot (PtMP) wireless system, desired QoS mechanism is not only dealt with the consideration of wired network at similar point of the present invention, but also deals with the consideration specific to wireless environment.Just as noted, wireless intrinsic BER is handled in expectation.High BER can require with effective and efficient manner error detection, correction and repeating transmission.Expectation BER handles mechanism and also utilizes the repeating transmission algorithm of TCP/IP effectively to work, and can further not cause the deterioration that bandwidth usage is unnecessary.Another wireless challenge is a contention limited wireless bandwidth among the user.Expect that this system handles the service request from a plurality of users in the wireless medium that is vulnerable to disturb with noise, this makes and is difficult to effectively carry out effective distribution of wireless bandwidth.

As mentioned above, from circuit switching and ATM data network change to the packet-switched data net compressed the definition of QOS mechanism.The present invention is to provide a kind of new QOS mechanism to be used for the communication service of the packet switching network in the wireless system at center with IP what put multiple spot.In order to make this system that best QoS performance is provided, expect that this system comprises new departure of QoS mechanism.With QoS as the basis of system configuration and design instruct constituted of the present invention with IP be wireless broadband access system and the design at center have tradition with the circuit be the center or ATM cell be important, essential and favourable difference between for example Teligent of scheme at center and the existing wireless broadband access system that Winstar uses with the circuit.

C. the WiMAX that with IP is the center inserts QoS and queue discipline

1. managing queueing

Queuing is the required received usually instrument of manipulation of data stream.For the packet header that will check or change, be used to carry out that route is judged or at suitable port output stream, the expected data grouping can be lined up.But, introduce time-delay according to definition queuing to service flow, this is harmful to, and even can eliminate the purpose of queuing fully.Excessive queuing meeting has injurious effects to communication service, because the packetization delay to the time sensitivity can be exceeded their useful time frames, or increases RTT (round trip cycle), produces unacceptable shake even causes the overtime of data transport mechanisms.Therefore, expectation can utilize queuing clever and thriftily, and needn't for example introduce unsuitable time-delay in the real-time session to delaying time sensitive communication service.

Under wireless environment, time division multiple access (TDMA), forward direction error detection (FEC) and another kind of technology are essential, and the expectation queuing only is used for allowing grouping and radio frames to handle.But under the situation of Real-Time IP stream, the time-delay that all increases in real-time communication service preferably remains on roughly below 20 milliseconds.

Is to be used for the simple of wireless broadband system and direct method with queuing management as main QoS mechanism based on the differentiated services of QoS is provided.But wireless system is subjected to the more bandwidth restriction than the wired system of correspondence usually, and is therefore sensitiveer to time-delay.For this reason, expectation can provide based on the differentiated services of QOS and exceed the mechanism that simple queuing can be accomplished.But some queuing remains essential, and what discuss now is different queuing strategys.

2. first in first out (FIFO) queuing

First in first out (FIFO) queuing can be used to wireless system, is similar to wired system, buffered data grouping when the downlink data channel becomes temporary congestion.If temporary congestion is caused that by the burst communication service fifo queue of reasonable depth can be used for smoothly entering the data flow of congested communication section.But if congestedly become very serious, or the duration is longer relatively, and capacity is inserted in the grouping that FIFO can cause deleting in the fifo queue, and network can not accept to cause the additional packet of grouping deletion, promptly so-called " grouping is waved ".Though this has injurious effects to QOS and himself, the deletion meeting in group causes further problem to flow of services, because Transmission Control Protocol can further worsen this problem with the grouping of correct order retransmits lost.The discarded problem of grouping can minimize by the size that increases fifo buffer, but can therefore need more time before discarded the appearance.Regrettably, final FIFO can become enough big and make grouping become too old, and can be increased to the useless degree of grouping two-way time (RTT), and it in fact is to have lost that data connect.

In the WiMAX environment, the type that requires the employed RF cut-in method of partial dependency of fifo queue.For TDMA/TDD (TDMA/TDD), the expectation data queued promptly is used in collects the Frame that enough data configurations are used to transmit.Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) are not " TDMA " " orders " in essence, and therefore queuing has lower requirement to FIFO.But usually for all radio access technologies, therefore noise and to disturb be to cause the factor retransmitted produces further time-delay and thing followed reaction to QoS.

Utilize fifo queue, all services of can delaying time equably of shared wireless broadband system.This looks it is " the most fair " method, if but target is to provide high QoS then the best way not necessarily for the user.Utilize dissimilar queuing managements, can realize better basis of whole QoS.

3. priority queue

The WiMAX environment of sharing can comprise that data are able to the finite bandwidth fragment by the RF media transmission.Therefore, irrelevant with access technology, these systems may need some queuing amounts.But, utilize fifo queue can cause constant postponement, and do not consider service priority or type all services.Most of data communications environments comprise the service of mixing, have that real-time, interactive data, file and data are downloaded, the service of some types of combination of web page access or the like is sensitiveer than other types to time-delay and shake.Therefore priority queue can move on to the front of formation simply according to the relative priority level of packet and the packet in the type rearrangement formation to the service data of stand-by period and shake sensitivity.

Regrettably, congested if down-link data channel is congested or higher priority service too much causes, " buffer hunger " situation then can appear.Because the relative capacity of high priority packet has taken most of buffer space, only stay less space for lower priority packet.The significant time-delay of meeting in group experience of these low priorities is because system resource offers high priority packet.In buffer, preserve for a long time a period of time or never reached buffer except low-priority packet, caused the data flow of these groupings obviously to postpone, can also be destroyed and quit work corresponding to the practical application of these low-priority packet.Because the character of sort method, the whole stand-by period, shake and the RTT that are used for low-priority packet are difficult to expect that this has reaction to QoS.

If queue length is little, the rearrangement of data has wholesome effect to QOS in the formation.In fact, check packet header so that obtain the postponement that the necessary required processing of information rearrangement formation itself will significantly increase data flow.Therefore, particularly for the broadband wireless data environment, as QoS mechanism, priority queue can be well more not a lot of than fifo queue.

4. based on the queuing of grade

Give grouping by distributing between queue empty with system resource, just can avoid buffer hunger according to the grade of grouping.Each grade can be defined as the data flow that comprises with some similar priority and type.All grades can provide the lowermost layer of service, so high-priority traffic can't be monopolized all system resource.According to this classification schemes, because there is not data flow to be fully closed forever, information source is used the information that can receive about service speed, and the transfer rate that can provide TCP to adjust, and supports uniform service flow.

Though this scheme can be done better than the FIFO queuing in wireless broadband system, stand-by period and the sensitive IP of shake fail to be convened for lack of a quorum and are subjected to the adverse effect of the big capacity IP stream of high priority.

5. Weighted Fair Queuing

The Weighted Fair Queuing method can be attempted the queuing resource of giving security for IP stream in a small amount, therefore can allow remaining IP to flow the resource that capacity no matter or priority have equivalent.Though this can prevent buffer hunger, can cause better delay and jitter performance, be difficult to the performance that reaches stable in the face of vertiginous RF downlink channel bandwidth availability.

Provide high-quality service to need the more complicated QoS mechanism of the simple queuing management of a kind of ratio.

D. the WiMAX that with IP is the center inserts QoS and TCP/IP

1.TCP/IP

The ICP/IP protocol stack has become the standard method that transmits data by the Internet, and becomes the standard of VPN(Virtual Private Network) just gradually.The ICP/IP protocol stack does not include only Internet protocol (IP), also comprises transmission control protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protoco (UDP) (UDP) and ICMP (ICMP).Suppose that the ICP/IP protocol stack is the computer network with standard network protocol that is used for data communication, the QoS mechanism of creating one group of the best is used for more manageability of broadband wireless data environment.QoS mechanism may create can spanning network gamut, comprise the wired and wireless portion of network.These mechanism can be with the level and smooth and integrated TCP rate controlled of transparent way mechanism and are provided and be suitable for the wired end-to-end QOS mechanism with wireless portion of network.Certainly, congested or experience other wired network that transmits problem part can't be with wireless QoS mechanism solution.But when not having the congested or bottleneck of serious cable network to exist, wireless QOS mechanism can be optimized data flow in the mode that strengthens end-user experience.

2. use grade distinguishing

As mentioned above, data communication services can be handled according to the grade of service.In order to use the grade distinguishing service, data communication services (or sequence packet relevant with specific application, function or purpose) can be divided into of a plurality of grades of service.Differentiation is to make according to some information that can discern that are included in packet header.A kind of method can comprise a plurality of that analyze in the IP packet header for example, and they can identification and related this grouping and other grouping uniquely from the stream of packets with specific application, function or purpose.At least, information source IP address, information source TCP or udp port, IP address, destination and destination IP or udp port can make grouping related with public IP stream, promptly can be used for grouping is categorized into the grade of service.

By creating the discrete grade of service of finite sum manageability number, a plurality of IP streams can be handled by the merging of QoS mechanism with one group of given qos parameter.These grades can be defined in to have made up in the wired and wireless network fragment provides public and useful characteristic to be used for best management.

3. the differentiation of each IP stream

One group of discrete grade of service of finite sum can allow QOS mechanism amount of calculation so unconcentrated, uses less internal memory, the less state machine, and therefore having independent QoS mechanism (or several groups of parameters) than each independent IP stream has better scale.But, at network access device, for example to put in multiple spot (PtMP) wireless broadband access system, IP stream sum simultaneously is general can not to surpass 1000 scope, therefore desired processing expenditure amount can allow the QoS of each IP stream to distinguish, and does not state all in the grade of service.But the grade of service of IP stream merges the advantage that is provided in the marketing, paying and management.

Before the present invention, each IP stream is distinguished and is not used in wireless environment (comprising the radio frequency transmission by coaxial cable and satellite communication).

4. IP preferentially is used for the grade of service

As described with the Internet engineering work group (IETF) 1992b, the preferential bit of IP in COS (IPTOS) field in theory can be as the device that IP stream is ordered into the grade of service.One group of 4 bit definitions of IETF RFC 1349 suggestions have different implications: minimal time delay; Maximum throughput; Maximum reliability; Minimum monetary cost; With normal service.

These definition can add in network, Route Selection and the access device significantly, are used to distinguish dissimilar IP stream, and therefore Resources allocation suitably causes QoS to improve.But this suggestion is not widely used.Many suggestions among the IETF utilize this field and resource reservation protocol (rsvp), to improve the network processes of grouping.

Though COS (TOS) field has become the indispensable part of TCP standard for many years, this field is not used usually.Suitable bit absent in this field is provided with by the message source process machine, and access device, network and network route can't realize QoS mechanism.

5.TCP adjust transmission rate mechanism

TCP adjusts the mode of transfer rate can be by being that the wireless QoS mechanism at center is incorporated into and managed with IP.If do not manage TCP mechanism, any wireless QoS mechanism can be overwhelmed or offset by the wireless bandwidth coefficient.Before solution influences the concrete wireless factor of TCP transmission speed, need to look back TCP transmission rate mechanism.

When packet loss occurred, TCP can pass through " induction " control transmission speed.Because TCP/IP is mainly cable environment and creates, have low-down intrinsic BER, such as what find by fibre circuit, any packet loss of supposing TCP all is owing to network congestion, rather than loses by error code.Therefore, TCP supposition transmission rate surpasses the capacity of network, and responds by the transmission rate that slows down.But radio chains highway section packet loss mainly is because intrinsic high BER is not congested.The difference that shows also is significant.TCP can be at first stream of packets begin transmission rate is evenly risen, be known as the mode that begins slowly.This speed can increase continuously, up to grouping confirmation of receipt information dropout or overtime.TCP is " compensation " therefore, reduces the transmission window size, then with the grouping of slower speed and correct order retransmits lost.Therefore TCP can increase transmission rate with linear mode, and this can be called the mode of being avoided congested.

If share Radio Link as a plurality of users of the present invention, the intrinsic high BER of media causes frequent packet loss, causes issueless TCP repeating transmission in the Congestion Avoidance mode.Because wireless bandwidth is a kind of article of preciousness, be that the wireless QoS mechanism at center preferably provides packet retransmission and do not enable TCP and retransmit and unnecessary " the ending in defeat for both sidesboth suffer losses " of thing followed transmission rate with IP.It is wireless medium access control (MAC) layer at center that this factor and many other factors can be created with IP.Be that a function of the MAC layer at center is that this locality of adjusting lost packets retransmits and needn't send TCP and unnecessarily change the TCP transmission speed with IP.The main task that with IP is the wireless MAC layer at center is the shared access that is provided to wireless medium with order and effective and efficient manner.According to MAC layer of the present invention, the medium of the emphasis intelligent multimedia of reserving based on trying to be the first insert (PRIMMA) layer, from CA, the Malibu network company of Calabasas can also consider all transmitted in packets of the whole wireless medium of scheduling according to for example IP traffic category, service-level agreements (SLAs) and QoS.

6. with IP the TCP Congestion Avoidance in the wireless system at center

A. network congestion collapse, global synchronization and be the wireless tcp Congestion Avoidance at center with IP

The intrinsic high bit-error (BER) of wireless transmission make to occur usually said congested collapse or the collapse likelihood ratio cable environment of problem of global synchronization big.When a plurality of TCP transmitters simultaneously because packet loss detecting to congested, the TCP transmitter can enter the slow Starting mode of TCP by transmission window size and temporary transient time-out that shrinks them all.A plurality of then transmitters are all attempted the grouping of retransmits lost simultaneously.Because they are all with the roughly synchronous transmission of startup once more, thus can occur producing congested possibility, and circulation can restart.

At wireless environment, the appearance of burst noise can cause from many IP traffics while lost packets.The TCP transmission rate mechanism of TCP transmitter can be supposed grouping owing to congestion loss, and they all can compensate synchronously.When the TCP transmitter restarted, transmitter can roughly synchronous restarting, and can produce actual congested in fact now in the radio chains highway section.This cycle behavior meeting continues a period of time, may cause the systematic function that is difficult to expect.This part can be because system queue overflow, and it can cause that more grouping drops and can cause more repeating transmission in rain.This can degenerate and enter " race " condition, and this can spend before rebuliding stability many minutes; This can produce tangible negatively influencing to QoS.

At wired world, detect (RED) at random in advance and can be used for preventing global synchronization.By before the congested appearance of collapsing, selecting at random can avoid global synchronization from the grouping of selecting stream of packets at random.Formation can be monitored,, RED can be started, the transmission rate controller of asynchronous starting TCP transmitter when when queue depth surpasses the boundary that presets.This can be avoided initial congested, and this congested meeting causes collapsing, so global synchronization.

Replace pure random packet discarded, consider that packet-priority or type can discard this parcel.Though remain at random, the probability of deleting given IP stream can be the function of packet-priority or type.In wireless system, Real-Time IP stream by preference such as data stream audio and the UDP grouping with harsher grouping life span Parameter H .323 stream adopt Weighted random to detect (WRED) in advance, and needn't consider to retransmit and TCP speed resets.These IP streams are sensitiveer to stand-by period and shake, and are more insensitive to packet loss.

In wireless environment, utilize the suitably MAC layer of design, may trigger congested collapse and packet loss that the BER of global synchronization causes according to the present invention the most handy local retransmits lost divide into groups to manage, do not need resetting of unnecessary packet retransmission of RED and TCP transmitter and TCP transmission rate.Be the TCP transmission window of the independent telemanagement TCP transmitter of the wireless system at center with IP, the TCP transmitter detect packet loss and begin to retransmit and the unnecessary transmission rate that resets before transmit the grouping confirmation of receipt.This is that the wireless system TCP transmission window manager at center is communicated by letter with the MAC layer with IP, to learn all status of packets that transmit by wireless medium.

B. the influence of fractal self similarity network service characteristic and Poisson distribution in the network congestion

Routinely, the service of phase communication network can be simulated with Poisson distribution.Utilize this distribution to obtain a kind of like this conclusion by system simulation, promptly thousands of summations with service flow of Poisson distribution cause the even distribution of whole network service.In other words, the burst that whole network can " equalization " single service flow.Utilize this model, network congestion behavior, burst behavior and dynamic service characteristic are used to produce traditional congestion avoidance policy, planned network device queue buffer size and service and the prediction of capacity limitation.

The nearest service based on TCP/IP that studies show that makes network show as fractal or the self similarity mode.According to this model, when the burst of single service flow amounted to whole network, whole network can become burst.All time ranges of the burst characteristic overlay network of network service flow and IP stream scope.This lies in design consideration of the present invention is in the wireless broadband system at center and as the congestion avoidance policy in the global design network with IP.Utilization is to the New Observer of network characteristic, and clearly network router, switch and transmission equipment in most of the cases are " no engineers ".This no engineer causes the further deterioration of network congestion behavior.

With IP is that the wireless system general structure at center and the implicit scope of design are to the local congestion avoidance strategy from the buffer queue capacity.Because wireless system is bigger to the burden of the intrinsic BER of height, netting wide congested behavior must correct measurement and counteracting to the influence of local (wireless medium channel) congestion avoidance policy.For this reason, expectation is that the congestion avoidance algorithm of the wireless system at center is designed to consider to optimize service flow with new mathematics and engineering with IP, and this mathematics and engineering are considered just not obvious or unavailable to the system design people up to recently.

Considering these, is that the wireless system design at center can't be handled traditional wired system design and can not cause the performance characteristics of system very low with IP.According to the traditional design scheme that with the circuit is the wireless system at center, the QoS of bandwidth usage, real-time multimedia quality and whole system provides low-down end-user experience.

7. with IP the concrete application message current control in the wireless system at center

In stream coverage, each data flow has different bandwidth, stand-by period and shake requirement, and for the high QoS that realizes that the terminal use can feel, expectation is can be in the wide region real-time management QoS mechanism parameter of the wireless system at center with IP.QoS mechanism must can change system performance, as long as open and close with transparent way from suitable terminal use's the one or more data flow corresponding to concrete application.This scheme is that with the difference of other QoS mechanism by setting up be being connected of center to realize high QoS end to end with the circuit, and needn't consider the base application that actual QoS requires.Utilize the present invention, provide specifically in using rather than specifically in the QoS of circuit mechanism, the wireless bandwidth of shortage can be saved and dynamic assignment to the place of QoS mechanism that need be relevant with each action type.

B.QOS and be the wireless medium access control at center

1. the media based on the emphasis intelligent multimedia of leading reservation inserts (PRMIMA) MAC layer

The media of the emphasis intelligent multimedia based on leading reservation of the present invention inserts the applications exchange function that (PRIMMA) medium access control (MAC) layer provides with IP the wireless QoS mechanism that is the center.In case the character of each IP traffic and qos requirement are determined that by the other parts of this system this information is sent to the PRIMMAMAC layer, so the IP of each application stream is transformed into appropriate purpose ground with correct order of priority.

2.PRIMMAIP the vertical signaling of protocol stack

For the IP traffic that produces from local user's CPE, can be used to distribute suitable QoS mechanism parameter to give IP traffic by system about the application-level information of application feature.For the IP traffic that produces from non-local host, can take out from packet header about the information of the IP traffic that is used for constructing suitable QoS mechanism parameter.Information about IP traffic " vertically " is sent to the protocol stack model from application layer (that is, OSI is the 7th layer) to the PRIMMAMAC layer that is used for RSVP and applications exchange purpose (that is, OSI is the 2nd layer).Though this has run counter to each layer for protocol stack and provides and isolate and conventional practice independently, thereby how much limited the exchange degree of each layer of protocol stack, this advantage in the wireless broadband access system that with IP is the center is far longer than shortcoming.

3.PRIMMAIP the control and the applications exchange of stream

According to IP being one group of concrete qos requirement that each IP uses stream in the wireless system at center, by the bandwidth of suitable reservation by wireless medium so that " " mode is changed in advance.The frame for wireless transmission of each direction is constructed to the mode that each IP stream provides independent qos requirement.Utilize qos requirement structure frame for wireless transmission, best QoS performance can cause the whole range of application of system handles.For example, the IP phone of delay and jitter sensitivity, other the IP traffic and real-time audio and the video data stream that meet H.323 can provide higher priority for the optimal layout in the frame for wireless transmission.On the other hand, HTTP (HTTP) service, for example initial webpage transmission can provide higher RSVP priority for specific application task.Do not need the stand-by period, other service of shake or bandwidth requirement, for example file transfer protocol (FTP) (FTP) file is downloaded, mail transfer, can distributing system resource and frame for wireless transmission in the low priority arranged.

4.PRIMMATCP transmission rate agency

Wireless terminal user separates with high speed, low BER wired backbone by the low speed that is vulnerable to the burst error incident, high BER wireless portion.Traverse the frequent packet loss of TCP/IP service experience of wireless segment, this packet loss does not have aforesaid congested the collapsing and global synchronization of generation of interference.Therefore, expecting of the present invention is the TCP transmission rate that the wireless system utilization at center can monitoring wireless section packet loss with IP, and can be by rebuilding and transmitting any packet acknowledgement of losing and manage long-range TCP transmission rate function.PRIMMAMAC layer oneself can be retransmitted any grouping of losing by wireless medium.

With IP is the wireless tcp transmission rate agency at center or the qos requirement control IP traffic that " annex " can also flow according to IP where necessary.All are that the wireless tcp transmission rate agency's at center function can and be used transparent to local and remote main frame with IP.

F. telecommunicatio network

1. speech net

A. simple speech net

Figure 1A provides the block diagram of standard telecommunicatio network 100 overviews, and this telecommunicatio network 100 provides local switch carrier wave (LEC) service in one or more local accesses and transmission region (LATAs).Telecommunicatio network 100 can provide from calling party 102 to the callee 110 speech exchange to connect.Figure 1A represents also to comprise private branch exchange 112, and this private branch exchange 112 inserts by the multi-user that for example special line is provided to the LEC service.Calling party 102 and callee 110 can be common telephone plant, KTS (key telephone system), private branch exchange (PBX) 112 or the application that moves on master computer.Network 100 can be used as modulator-demodulator and insert, and connects as the data from calling party 102 to for example ISP (ISP) (not shown).Network 100 also can be used for inserting for example private data network.For example, calling party 102 can be an office worker, and he is at this computer of remote location Operational Note, and for example connects the private data network that inserts his boss by dialing modem.

Figure 1A comprises terminal station (EOs) 104 and 108.EO104 is called into innings EO, because it provides the connection of (PSTN) equipment from calling party 102 to public telephone switching network.EO108 is called out EO, because it provides from PSTN equipment to the calling party 110 connection.Except advancing innings EO104 and out EO108, be included in the network access tandem exchange (AT) that has point (POPs) 132 and 134 with the PSTN equipment of telecommunicatio network 100, it can be provided for the access of one or more IEC interexchange carriers (IxCs) 106 of long distance service, referring to Fig. 2 A.Perhaps, clearly IXC106 can also for example be CLEC, other enhanced service provider (ISP) for a person skilled in the art, the world goes out Incoming or the whole world exists point (OPOP) or ip intelligent peripherals (IP).

Figure 1A also comprises the private branch exchange (PBX) 112 that is connected to EO104.PBX112 connects calling party 124 and 126, fax 116, client computer 118 and relevant modulator-demodulator 130, has the local area network (LAN) 128 of client computer 120 and the server computer 122 that is connected through relevant modulator-demodulator 130.PBX112 is the instantiation that is positioned at a common class communication equipment of customer site, is commonly referred to CPE (CPE).

Network 100 also comprises and is used for call setup and calls out the dismounting mutual signaling of common signal channel (CCIS) net.Specifically, Fig. 1 comprises signaling system 7 (SS7) signaling network 114.Signaling network 114 is described with reference to Fig. 2 B below.

B. detailed speech net

Fig. 2 A is the block diagram of description standard telecommunicatio network overview, and this telecommunicatio network provides LEC and IXC carrier service between the user in Different L ATAs.Telecommunicatio network 200 is telecommunicatio network 100 more detailed versions.Calling party 102a and calling party 110a are connected respectively to EO switch 104a and 108a.In other words, calling party 102a ownership is at innings EO104a that advances of a LATA, and callee 110a ownership is at the out EO108a of the 2nd LATA.Calling between the Different L ATAs user is the trunk call that generally is routed to IXCs.The example of American I XCs comprises AT﹠amp; T, MCI and Sprint.

Telecommunicatio network 200 comprises network access tandem exchange (AT) 206 and 208.AT206 is provided to being connected of on-the-spot point (POPs) 132a, 132b, 132c and 132d.IXCs106a, 106b and 106c provide the connection between POPs132a, 132b and 132c (at a LATA) and POPs134a, 134b and the 134c (at the 2nd LATA).Competition local switch carrier wave (CLEC) 214 provides the selectivity between POP132d and the POP134d to connect.POPs134a, 134b, 134c and 134d are connected to conversely and are provided to the AT208 that outlet EO108a is connected.Callee 110a can receive the calling from the EO108a under it.

Perhaps, for a person skilled in the art clearly, AT206 can also be CLEC or other enhanced service provider (ISP), the world go out Incoming or the whole world exists point () or ip intelligent peripherals.

Network 200 also comprises the callee 102c of ownership CLEC switch 104c.After the U.S.'s communication law in 1996, CLECs secures permission and competes the local RBOCs field that enters.RBOCs is called the on-the-job local switch with client computer 120b and the server computer 122b that is connected through relevant modulator-demodulator 130b now.

I fixed wireless CLECs

Network 200 further comprises fixed wireless CLEC209.The example of fixed wireless CLEC is VA, communicate by letter with the Teleport BizTel unit of parent company of the Teligent company of Vienna, Winstar communication common carrier, advanced wireless telecommunications company.Fixed wireless CLEC comprises radio receiving-transmitting unit radio frequency (RF) tower 212 of communicating by letter with user's transceiver RF tower 212 by the RF link.User's transceiver RF tower 212 is described as and is connected to CPE box, PBX112b.PBX112b connects calling party 124b and 126b, fax 116b, client computer 118b and relevant modulator-demodulator 130b, has the local area network (LAN) 128b of client computer 120b and the server computer 122b that is connected through relevant modulator-demodulator 130b.

Network 200 also comprises callee 110a, fax 116a, client computer 118a and relevant modulator-demodulator 130a, and with cellular communication RF tower 202 and relevant phone user calling party 204, they all connect EO108a, as shown in the figure.

EO104a, 108a and AT206, the 208th, the part of exchange hierarchy.EO104a is called 5 grades of offices, and AT208 is 3/4 grade of office's switch.From AT﹠amp; The regional Bel business company (RBOCs) of T is deprived before the final judgement, and office class is the office that distributes according to the multistage function of American public switching network (PSTN) number.Office class is according to the transmission requirement of telephone central office switch and other switching center and the Performance Level of multilevel relation.Class 1 office is called zone center (RC), office top or " last appeal to office " finish calling.Secondary office is called regional center (RC) (SC).Three grades of offices are called main center (PC).If level Four office is called operator's existence then is toll center (TC) or toll point (TP).Pyatyi office is terminal station (EO), i.e. local central office is used for the lowermost layer of local and long-distance exchange and one deck of the most close terminal use.All handle in this hierarchy from one or more services of hanging down centers at any one center.Have more intelligent software because deprive with exchange, these appointments have become so infirm.Technology has been developed more near terminal use's function, has disperseed the traditional definition of network hierarchy and switch grade.

Ii. the connectedness of ISP (ISP)

Except providing from calling party 102a to the callee 11 speech to connect, PSTN can provide calling party 102a data connection to ISP (promptly being similar to client 118b).

Network 200 also comprises ISP (ISP) (not shown), and it can comprise the server computer 122 that is connected to data network 142, and it will further be discussed with reference to Figure 1B below.The Internet is known global communication network, comprises a plurality of catenets that linked together by data link.These links can for example comprise integrated digital service network (1SDN), TI, T3, FDDI and sonet link.Perhaps, the Internet can be for example interconnect a plurality of LANs of Intranet and/or the private network of WANs.ISP can provide Internet access service for for example user of client 118b.

In order to connect with ISP, client 118b can utilize master computer to be connected to modulator-demodulator (modulator/demodulator) 130b.Modulator-demodulator can become to be transferred to the form (tradition is an analog form) of LEC equipment with the data-modulated of master computer.Generally, LEC equipment becomes digital form with the analog signal conversion of input.In one embodiment, data transaction becomes peer-peer protocol (PPP) form.PPP is the well-known protocol that allows computer to utilize standard modem and the Internet to connect.It supports high-quality graphical user interface.Those skilled in the art will recognize that, available other form for example comprises transmission control procedure, Internet protocol (TCP/IP) packet format, User Datagram Protoco (UDP), Internet protocol (UDP/IP) packet format, ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell packet format, slip (SLIP) protocol format, point-to-point (PPP) protocol format, PPTP (PPTP) form, NETBIOS extended user interface (NETBEUI) protocol format, the Appletalk protocol format, DECnet, BANYAN/VINES, packet switching between net (IPX) protocol format, and ICMP (ICMP) protocol format.

Iii. communication link

Notice that Figure 1A, 2A and other accompanying drawing described herein comprise circuit, these circuits can be meant that the logic between communication line or network node or the system connects, and these network nodes or system are realized by the communication carrier device physical.These carrier equipments comprise the network node between circuit and the circuit, for example comprise that numeral inserts and cross connect system (DACS), regenerator, tandem exchange, copper cash and fiber optic cables.Clearly these selectable communication lines can be used for connecting one or more communication system devices for a person skilled in the art.And Ding Yi communication carrier can comprise for example LEC, CLEC, IXC, enhanced service provider (ISP), have the whole world or the international service provider and the ip intelligent peripherals of point (GPOP) such as the whole world here.EO104a is connected by trunk line with AT206.Trunk line is connected to EO with AT.Machine trunk line (IMT) in the middle of trunk line can be called.AT208 and EO108a are by can being that the trunk line of IMT is connected.

Referring to Figure 1A, EO104 and PBX112 can be by having the private line access of dialing tone.Special line can also for example be connected to EO104 with the ISP (not shown).Special line with dialing tone can be connected to the modulator-demodulator frame or insert Changer Device at ISP.The example of special line is the basic rate interface (PRI) of the T1 or the Integrated Service Digital Network(ISDN) (ISDN) of channelizing.ISP can also be connected to the Internet by pipeline or private communication facility.Pipeline can be the private communication facility.Special line can be handled and from the data modem unit service of ISP.

Trunk line can processing and exchanging voice service and data, services.For example, trunk line can comprise the digital signal DS1-DS4 by the T1-T4 carrier wave.Table 2 provides typical carrier and they digital signal, channel number and bandwidth capacity separately.

Table 2

Digital signal	Channel number	Carrier wave is represented	Megabits per second bandwidth (Mbps)
				DS0	1	Do not have	0.064
DS1	24	T1	1.544
				DS2	96	T2	6.312
DS3	672	T3	44.736
				DS4	4032	T4	274.176

Perhaps, trunk line can comprise light carrier (OCs), for example OC-1, OC-3 or the like.Table 3 provides typical light carrier, and their synchronous driving signal (STSs), ITU name and bandwidth ability separately.

Table 3

Light carrier (OC) signal	The signal of telecommunication, or Synchronous Transport Signal (STS)	International Telecommunication Union's term	Megabits per second bandwidth (Mbps)
				OC-1	STS-1		51.84
OC-3	STS-3	STM-1	155.52
				OC-9	STS-9	STM-3	466.56
OC-12	STS-12	STM-4	622.08
				OC-18	STS-18	STM-6	933.12
OC-24	STS-24	STM-8	1244.16
				OC-36	STS-36	STM-12	1866.24
OC-48	STS-48	STM-16	2488.32

It should be noted that special line is the connection that can transport the data modem unit service.Special line can be specifically to be exclusively used in the direct channels that the client uses between two regulation points.Special line can also be called leased line.In one embodiment, special line is that ISDNI basic rate interface (ISDNPRI) connects.ISDNPRI connects the individual signals channel (being called data or D channel) that can comprise on the T1, and other 23 channels are as carrying or B channel.(Bearer Channel is the digital channel of voice-over and data message.If) use a plurality of ISDNPRI circuits, the signaling that is used for all circuits can be transported by single D channel, discharges remaining circuit and only transports Bearer Channel.

The Iv telecommunications service

The telecommunications service amount can send from any network node of communication carrier and receive.Communication carrier for example can comprise LEC, CLEC, IXC and enhanced service provider (ISP).In one embodiment, this service can receive from 5 grades of offices of for example EO104a or from the network node of 3/4 grade of office of for example AT206.Perhaps, network system can also be CLEC or other enhanced service provider (ISP), the world go out Incoming or the whole world exists point (GPOP) or ip intelligent peripherals for example.

Voice service for example is meant that the exchange speech of calling party 102a and callee 110a is connected.Importantly it should be noted that this is the point-to-point dedicated path, no matter promptly whether utilized bandwidth is all distributed.The IXC network that the exchange speech is connected calling party 102a and EO104a, arrive AT206 then, pass through IXC106a is for example then set up between calling party 110a to EO10Sa with by trunk line then to AT208.In another embodiment, AT206 or IXC106a can also for example be CLEC or other enhanced service provider (ISP), the world goes out Incoming or the whole world exists point (GPOP) or ip intelligent peripherals.

Calling party 102a may be according to the computer that is connected to server by the speech netting index.Data, services for example is meant calling party 102a (utilizing modulator-demodulator) and can is that data between the server 122b of a part of ISP connect.Data connect can be for example at calling party 102a and EO104a, then arrive AT206, then arrive CLEC214, pass through fixed wireless CLEC209 link to PBX112b then, between the modulator-demodulator 130b relevant, set up with server 122b.

C. signaling network

Fig. 2 B more detailed description signaling network 114.Signaling network 114 is the individual networks that are used to handle call establishment, dismounting and supervision between calling party 102 and the callee 110.Signaling network 114 given examples are Signaling System 7(SS-7) (SS7) networks.Signaling network 114 comprises service exchange point (SSPs) 236,238,240 and 242, signal transfer point (STPs) 222,224,226,228,230 and 232 and SCP (SCP) 234.

In the SS7 network, SSPS provides the backbone switches part of SS7 function.SSPS for example can be the combination of voice exchange and SS7 switch, or is connected to the computer of voice exchange.SSPs utilizes primitive and switch communication, creates the grouping that is used for by the transmission of SS7 net.

EOs104a, 108a and ATs206,208 can be expressed as SSPs236 at the SS7 signaling network respectively, 238,240 and 242.Accordingly, the connection between EOs104a, 108a and the ATs206,208 (dotting) can be with connecting 254,256,258 and 268.The type of these links is described below.

STPs serves as the router of SS7 net, generally is provided as attached with the location switch.STPs is routed to destination SSPs from starting point SSPs with Information Selection.On the structure, STPs can and general provide so that occurring congested or fault provides redundancy and shared resource (promptly carrying out load Sharing automatically) with " coupling to ".Shown in Fig. 2 B, STPs can multistagely arrange, so that provide multistage Route Selection for signaling information.For example, the STPs222 of pairing, 224 and the pairing STPs226,228 at the first estate, and the pairing STPs230,232 in second grade.

SCPs provides database function.SCPs is used in the SS7 net advanced features is provided, be included as extraordinary service number (for example 800 and No. 900) and select route, storage about the information of user's service, provide call card to come into force and usurp protection and advanced intelligent network (AIN) service is provided.SCP234 is connected to the STPs230 and 232 of pairing.

In the SS7 net, has unique link between the heterogeneous networks unit.Table 4 provides the definition of public SS7 link.

Referring to Fig. 2 B, the STP of pairing is to connecting by the C link.For example, STPs222,224, the STPs226 of pairing, 228 is connected (not shown) with the STPs230,232 of pairing by the C link.

The STPs222 that on same grade, matches, 224 and 226,228 being connected with 282 of pairing by B link 270,272,244.Be connected with 276 by D link 266,268,274 with the STPs230 of pairing, 232 at the STPs222 of different brackets pairing, 224.Equally, be connected with 248 by D link 278,280,246 with the STPs230 of pairing, 232 at the STPs226 of the pairing of different brackets, 228.

SSPs236,238 is connected with 256 by A link 254 with the STPs222,224 of pairing.SSPs240,242 is connected with 260 by link 258 with the STPs226,228 of pairing.

SSPs236,238 can also be connected to the STPs230,232 of pairing by E link (not shown).At last, pairing STPs230,232 is connected to SCP234 by link 250 and 252.

For more detailed description SS7 network topology, the reader can be with reference to ISBNO-07-054991-5, NY10020, and New York McGraw-Hill, Russell, the signal system #7 of Travis, the full text of incorporating it here into is as a reference.

Table 4

The SS7 link technology	Definition
		Visit (A) link	The A link connects SSPs to STPs, or SCPs provides access to netwoks and database access by STPs to STPs
Bridge (B) link	The B link connects the STPs of pairing and the STPs of other pairing
		Intersection (C) link	The C link is connected to each other in the mode of pairing, under normal circumstances, has only network management information to pass through the C link and sends
Oblique line (D) link	The pairing STPs that the D link will be linked at the second layer at the pairing STPs of basic layer
		Expansion (E) link	The E link is connected to the STPs of long-range pairing with SSPs, and is used in and holds when matching the A link congestion of STPs
Relevant fully (F) link	When a large amount of services being arranged between the SSPs or being directly connected to STP when unavailable, the F link provides the direct connection between the local SSPs (bypass STPs).The F link only is used for call setup and calls out dismounting.

D.SS7 signaling call-flow

In order start to call out at the SS7 telecommunicatio network, the calling party utilizes and is connected to into the phone of innings EO switch and dials the telephone number that is the callee.Telephone number is sent to the SSP that advances innings EO at calling party's local switch carrier wave (LEC) from this telephone set.At first, SSP can handle according to the startup and the inner routing rules that satisfy specific criteria by root.The second, SSP can send further signaling information to another EO or network access tandem exchange (AT), if necessary.Signaling information can be delivered to STPs from SSP, and it is advancing to be signal selection route between innings EO and terminal station or the outlet EO.Outlet EO has the port of called number appointment.If direct trunk does not exist or if direct trunk is full, call out by the tandem trunking device and set up direct connection between the EOs.If this calling is trunk call, promptly between the calling party 20 and callee that are positioned at different local access transmission regions (LATAs), then calling connects by IEC interexchange carrier (IXC) switch.This trunk call is commonly referred between LATA calls out.LECs and IXCs collective are called public telephone switching network (PSTN).

Passing through of 1996 communication laws, the competition in mandate local telephone service market allows CLECs and the ILECs that local Exchange Service is provided.But this competition still can not provide necessary bandwidth for handling jumbo speech and data communication.This is because the limitation of circuit-switched technology, this technical limitations the LECs device therefor bandwidth and increase the expensive of auxiliary equipment.

E. circuit switching

Circuit switching provides a channel for calling in the duration of calling out.Therefore, utilize circuit switching, need a large amount of switching bandwidths to handle the audio call of high power capacity.This problem is just complicated owing to utilize speech circuit to be used for handling the same equipment delivery data communication of Speech Communication by design.

I. Time Division Multiplexing circuit switching

The TDM circuit switching is created All Time and is connected or special circuit between the equipment of two connections in the whole period that connects.TDM is divided into the fixedly time slot that a plurality of time slots can be arranged with bandwidth, and each time slot has own available fixed capacity.The equipment of each connection is assigned with fixing a part of bandwidth in the TDM net, utilizes one or more time slots according to the requirement of speed.When device was in load mode, data only were placed in this time slot, and did not need the overhead for example handling or translate.Therefore, TDM is the transparent agreement of institute's pick-up service.But regrettably, when equipment did not send data, it is empty that time slot keeps, thereby the use of waste bandwidth.The device of higher rate can be slack-off or wait for and transmit data on the network, but idle capacity can't be distributed to the equipment of higher priority in the whole period of transmission.TDM not too is fit to the data of burst, and the data of burst are just becoming the standard of organizing data to need now.

2. data network

Figure 1B describes the network 148 of an example, comprises the workstation1 44 and 146 that is connected to data network 142.Data network 142 can be to serve as the wide area network (WAN) that a plurality of Local Area Network are linked together.Network 148 comprises the local area network (LAN) of a reality, comprises for example a plurality of master computers of client workstation 138 and server 136, these master computers by comprising network interface unit (NICs) wiring and the hub of for example ethernet concentrator link together.LAN is connected to data network 142 by network router 140, and network router 140 allows data, services to select to be routed to workstation1 44 and 146 from client 138 and server 136.

A. packet switching

With top described to be connected the speech net 100 and 200 of the service of transmitting by circuit switching different with reference to Figure 1A and 2A, data network 148 utilizes packet switching to transmit service.

At present, the similar public or private data network of the Internet, Intranet and interconnecting computer uses packet-switch technology usually.Packet switching provides than the more effective communication channel utilization of circuit switching.Packet switching network transmission information block, this information can comprise various types of data, for example digitized speech, data and video.Utilize packet switching, many different callings can be shared a communication channel rather than this channel is special-purpose to individual call.During audio call, for example digitized speech information can be between the caller transmits in time of 60%, and does not have sound to transmit in other time of 40%.Utilize circuit switching to connect, audio call can take the communication channel of not using 50% bandwidth owing to there is not sound.For data call, information can only transmit between two computers in 10% time.Utilize data call, 90% of channel width is not used.By contrast, the packet switching connection allows audio call, data call and other possible call signal all to send by same channel.

Packet switching is divided into fragment with media data stream, for example known grouping, cell or frame.Each block encoding has address information, is used to be sent to correct destination and also can sends by network.These groupings can receive in the destination, and media data stream is reassembled into original form, are used to be sent to receiver.This handle to utilize the important communication protocol of gang that is commonly referred to Internet protocol (IP) and the possibility that becomes.

In the packet switching network, between transmitter and receiver, there is single continuous physical connection.Transmit the shared network bandwidth from many different groupings of calling out with other.These groupings can send to the destination simultaneously along many different routes, and can therefore reconfigure to receiving terminal.The result is the bandwidth than circuit switching more efficient use telecommunicatio network.

B. router

Data network 142 can comprise a plurality of network routers 140.Network router is used for being the Information Selection route between a plurality of networks.Router serves as the interface between two or more networks.Router can find best path between any two networks, even a plurality of different networks are arranged between two networks.

Network router can comprise the table of describing the diverse network territory.Local Area Network or wide area network (WAN) can be thought in the territory.Information can transmit between a plurality of LANs and/or WANs through network router.Router is checked grouping and is determined the purpose territory of grouping from the destination-address of packet header.If router is not directly connected to the purpose region, then router can be routed to minute group selection the default router of router, the i.e. more high-rise router of router hierarchy.Because each router has the default router that it connects, grouping can be sent to the purpose region and hold the destination host of grouping final purpose address by a series of routers.

C. local area network (LAN) (LANs) and wide area network (WANs)

Local Area Network can be thought a plurality of master computers 10 of network interface unit (NICs) interconnection through master computer.MCs for example connects through copper cash, to allow the communication between the master computer.The example of local area network (LAN) comprises industry ethernet net, Ethernet switching network, token-ring network, optical fiber and digital data interconnect (DDI) network and ATM net.

Wide area network (WAN) is the master computer that network connects in broad regions.For the master computer that makes specific LAN and the main computer communication of another LAN or WAN, must there be the network interface of interconnection LANs and WANs.The example of network interface is a router discussed above.

Design be used for the interconnecting network of a plurality of LANs and/or WANs is called the Internet (small letters " i ").The Internet can comprise Data transmission between a plurality of networks of LANs and WANs.Between the master computer of the master computer of a LAN and another LAN through for example Internet protocol (IP) agreement communication appears.The IP agreement is used to each master computer of network to distribute a unique IP address, allows grouping to be sent to other LANs of linking to each other with the Internet and/or other master computer of WANs by the Internet.The Internet can comprise the router of two or more networks that interconnect.

" the Internet " (capitalization " I ") is Global Internet interference networks all over the world.The Internet comprises the World Wide Web of computer, and computer is interconnected through Internet protocol (1P) family of agreement.

" Intranet " is to utilize internet works software and internet standard, for example the Internet of the private network of Internet protocol (IP).Intranet can be kept for and obtain to use the each side of the essential mandate of this network to use.

D. exchange route is selected

Route is selected in intermediate layer at the network architecture of for example IPX or ICP/IP protocol.Exchange is at the 2nd layer of lower level, osi model, and promptly medium access control (MAC) layer carries out.

E.TCP/IP is the data network at center with the center of being grouped into the circuit to ATM

ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is that fixed-size cell switching is the data network at center with the circuit.ATM realizes virtual circuit (VCs), virtual path (VPs) and transmission path (TPs).Similar ATM's is that the network at center is set up virtual circuit with the circuit between information source and destination node, and it provides QoS by virtual circuit being offered concrete COS.

Some networks are the networks with the center of being grouped into.Different with the network that with the circuit is the center, do not use the special circuit that is transmitted grouping with the network at the center of being grouped into.The user data packetsization of TCP/IP to will between each system on the IP network, sending.When big file sent to protocol stack downwards, the IP function was responsible for cutting apart and these data of packetizing.Stem is placed on and is used to be sent to data link in the grouping then.The Route Selection of these data and exchange are handled at IP (being network) layer.

IP is a kind of mute agreement in some sense.When grouping is prepared by media transmission, the channel that IP is specifically not concrete with call routing to.On the contrary, it is put into stem grouping and allows network handle.Therefore, out grouping can take various routes to arrive the destination from information source.This means that these groupings are with the form of datagram rather than the serial number of other agreement.IP makes great efforts to attempt to transmit the packet to the destination network interface; But it can not guarantee that data can arrive, and data do not have error, can make them oneself relate to the accuracy and the sequencing of data along the node of this paths, or returns to warn the addresser to transmit mechanism mistake is arranged.Also might be in the IP Route Selection of grouping, grouping can send along the annular of network,, so IP has " jump " or the so-called network " life cycle " that a kind of mechanism promptly allows some in its stem.Be not the grouping that allows not transmit around this network, IP has counter mechanism, divide into groups every through a network node with regard to depreciation.If the counter expiration, node will be deleted this grouping.That cooperate with IP is TCPTCP, and it provides control to guarantee to send and transmit reliable data flow.At transmitting terminal, TCP puts into the byte count stem in information, and this information sends ip protocol layer to and packs an inner part as grouping into.Receiving terminal is responsible for the rearrangement grouping and is guaranteed accuracy when obtaining dividing into groups.If all IP stream does not receive correctly that all byte count is confirmed or unacknowledged information can be sent transmitting terminal back to, the prompting transmitting terminal resends the necessary byte of filling the stream of packets remainder.The other grouping of TCP buffering resends unacknowledged grouping up to change.

3. video net

Fig. 1 C illustrates a traditional video net 150, for example, and cable TV (CATV) net.Video net 150 can comprise the video net 160 that is connected to various Video Captures, distribute links and video output monitor.Video input device can comprise for example meeting video camera 154 and 158.Video output device can comprise for example TV 152 and 156.Video net 160 can comprise various head end (that is the service end of cable) and be used for for example coaxial cable TV (CATV) of multiplexing various vision signals and the distribute links equipment of national television standard sign indicating number (NTSC) tuner apparatus.The cable system of standard has very a large amount of available bandwidths.

The important CATV of it should be noted that is a kind of wireless communications method.The frequency of many vision signals is simultaneously along cable distribution.TV tuner is selected a specific channel by a tuning concrete frequency or " frequency band ".

Though cable TV CATV video net often includes only a physical cables, a plurality of channels can be presented on this cable simultaneously.This frequency spectrum by sharing cable with utilize that frequency division (FDM) is multiplexing distributes to different channels with different frequency ranges.The broadband cable communication system can be fully according to the CATV system operation.Opposite with the FDM technology is is not divided into frequency band with cable but utilizes time-sharing multiplex (TDM) to be divided into time slot.Utilize TDM, each transmission of video station can take the whole bandwidth of cable, but only is used for one very short period.Cable can carry up to 750MHz at present.The FDM technology can be used for channel is divided into the logic channel of a plurality of special uses.Technology innovation allows the time division multiple access (TDMA) in the FDM channel.

Cable system can allow multiplexing independently two dimension, to realize data channel by cable.Channel can separate with FDM, and in a frequency band, a plurality of users share through TDMA.The most frequently used TDMA cut-in method of broadband cable is that XEROX is the CSMA/CD of Ethernet exploitation.

Utilize individual cable, the arrangement of middle branch can be held the two-way simultaneous transmission.The mode that another kind holds transmitted in both directions is to utilize twin cable system.

The broadband is the analogue signalling method in essence.Because video camera for example also is an analogue means, can directly be transferred to the broadband cable channel with red/green/blue (RGB) form from the signal of video camera (or video tape recorder).

C. the convergence of voice/data/video net

Recognize Packet Switch Data Network, the intrinsic efficiency of the Internet for example, attentiveness has focused on Packet Switch Data Network digitlization and transporting speech, data, video and the out of Memory by concentrating recently.In order to transmit the end-user experience of high service (QoS) quality, data network is attempted the mechanism that transmits different types of information timely being provided and having suitable bandwidth acceptable end-user experience is provided.

Fig. 2 C explanation is transported the demonstration network 236 of speech, data and Video service by data network.Network 286 comprises the calling party 102b that belongs to EO104b, is linked to telephony gateway 288b at this EO104b.Network 286 also comprises the callee 110c that belongs to EO108c, is linked to telephony gateway 288c at this EO108c.EOs104b and 108c and telephony gateway 288b and 288c can be linked to signaling network 114.Telephony gateway 288b can also be connected to data network 142 with 140c through router 140b respectively with 288c.

Also referring to Fig. 2 C, telephony gateway 288b and 288c can be used for voice service and signaling information are grouped into the form that is suitable for by data network 142 transmission.Clearly telephony gateway 288b and 288c can comprise and be designed for control, set up and various computer equipments that dismounting is called out to those skilled in the art.The audio call that transmits by data network can comprise that for example speech passes through grouping (VoP), speech passes through frame (VoF) by Internet protocol (VoIP), speech by asynchronous transfer mode (VoATM), speech by data (VoD), speech.The example of telephony gateway 288b and 288c is to meet media gateway control protocol (MGCP), for example CISCO of the Lucent of the Parsippany of New Jersey and California PaloAlto from what various producers obtained.The important network equipment that it should be noted that other also is to allow to transmit that for example VoIP is necessary, and for example the soft switch that can obtain from a plurality of member company of soft switch association comprises the 3rd layer of Louisville communication of the state of Colorado.

Network 286 is described as and comprises the miscellaneous equipment that is connected to data network 142.The first, the video conferencing that meets H.323 is expressed as comprising video camera 154g, TV 152g and router one 40g.The second, comprise that the Local Area Network 128a of client workstation 138a and server 136a is connected to data network through network router 140a.Equally, the local area network (LAN) 128f with client workstation 138f and server 136f is connected to data network 142 through network router 140f.

Data network 142 can provide by the network routing arrangement information block is routed to the destination locations that is connected to data network 142 from the information source choice of location.

For example, data network 142 can select to be routed to telephony gateway 288c from telephony gateway 288b with Internet protocol (IP) grouping that is used for transporting speech and data, services.The data network 142 expressions data network with the center of being grouped into well known in the art.A kind of known data network is a Global Internet.Other example comprises that private intranet, the packet switching network, frame relay network and ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) are the network at center with the circuit.

In one embodiment, data network 142 can be the IP packet switching network.For example the packet switching network of IP network is different with Circuit Switching Network, do not need to start in the packet switching network and final position between special-purpose circuit.The packet switching network is split into information the segment that is called information block.This branch is assembled into stem inside, the destination address that the stem designated packet must arrive.The packet switching network utilizes this grouping and them to select to be routed to the destination-address designated destination that is included in packet header then.

Router one 40a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 140e, 140f and 140g can be connected the physical media that is connected with copper cash through for example optical fiber link and be connected to each other.Router one 40a-g transmits information and each other according to the Routing Protocol mutual communication.

Data network 142 can utilize any data network to realize, for example IP network, ATM are virtual is the net, frame relay network at center, the X.25 LANs and the WANs of net and other kinds with the circuit.The commutative data network 142 that is used for of other data network is such as FDDI, Fast Ethernet or the SMDS packet switching network.Frame relay and ATM are to be the service at center towards being connected with the circuit.Exchanging many megabytes of data service (SMDS) is connection-oriented big packet service, and the speed up to 45Mbps is provided.

1. data network example

A. ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

ATM is high bandwidth, low delay, the fixed size multiplexed network technology based on cell.Bandwidth capacity is divided into the cell of 53 bytes, has stem and Payload field.ATM utilizes fixed-length cell, believes in the easier exchange of grouping of the cell variable ratio size of regular length on the hardware and therefore should cause transmitting faster in some environment.

The ATM environment is that the mode at center is set up virtual circuit with the circuit.Therefore, ATM utilizes and to cut apart and the algorithm of resequencing (SAR) is divided into the IP stream of packets of variable-length the cell of fixed size.

Each ATM cell comprises the Payload field of 48 bytes and the stem of 5 bytes, identification mesh so-called " virtual circuit ".ATM thinks that the high speed that is suitable for speech, data and Video service makes up.At present, ATM inserts and can be up to 622Mbps or higher speed execution.ATM can both double its maximum rate recent every year.

ATM is defined as standard agreement by International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T), American National Standards Institute (ANSI) (ANSI), ETSI and atm forum.ATM comprises a plurality of standarized components, comprises transmission path, virtual path and Virtual Channel.ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is based on the exchange and the cell of multiplex technique, is designed for the general in the connection transmission mode of wide region telecommunications service.ATM can also be used for the LAN and the private network technology of atm forum regulation.

ATM directly or by adaptation layer handles connection-oriented service, or by using adaptation layer to handle connectionless service.The ATM virtual connections can constant bit rate (CBR) or variable bit rate (VBR) work.Each ATM cell that sends to the ATM net comprises a little stem, and this stem comprises that setting up with the virtual circuit is the connection at center from the starting point to the destination.All cells transmit by this virtual connection in order.ATM provides virtual connection (PVCs or SVCs) permanent or exchange.ATM is asynchronous, because the cell of transmission needs not be the cycle, as the data slot of synchronous transfer module (STM) needs.

ATM utilizes header field to be added in the header field of each regular length Payload.

ATM stem identification Virtual Channel (VC).Therefore, time slot can be used for any main frame of the transmission of DSR.If main frame is not ready for transmitting, then send sky or idle cell.

The ATM permission defines the standardization of the network architecture of multiplexing and switching method.Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) provides the basis of carrying out physical transfer with two-forty very.By providing separately virtual circuit with loss performance for different COS according to postponing, ATM can also support to be used for a plurality of service quality (QoS) grade that different application requires.ATM can also support available bandwidth class LAN to insert.

Cell is mapped to the physical transfer path, such as North America DS1, DS3 and SONET; Europe E1, E3 and E4; The ITU-TSTM standard; With various local fibers and electrical communications Payload.All information is through cell multiplexing and conversion in the ATM net of these regular lengths.

ATM cell header field identification cell type and priority, and comprise six parts.The ATM cell stem comprises generally (GFC), virtual path identifier (VPI), Virtual Path Identifier (VCI), payload types (PT), call drop priority (CLP) and stem error check (HEC).VPI and VCI only preserve local validity, and identifying purpose ground.GFC allows the speed of multiplexer control ATM terminal.PT represents whether cell comprises user data, signaling data or maintenance information.CLP represents the relative priority level of cell, i.e. the cell of deletion lower priority before higher priority cell before congestion period.HEC detects and proofreaies and correct the error in the stem.

ATM cell Payload field is intact through network, does not have error checking or correction.ATM relies on the more error-tested and the correction of upper-layer protocol execution Payload.For example, transmission control protocol (TCP) can be used for carrying out error correction.Cell size simplify the realization of ATM switch and multiplexer and allow realization of High Speed.

When utilizing ATM, different long groupings with other the packet switching network can't be delayed time than short grouping, because long grouping is divided into the cell of many regular lengths.This feature allows ATM to transport the CBR service of for example speech and video together with potential VBR data, services with very long grouping in same net.

ATM switch is obtained the cell of serving and being divided into regular length, cell is multiplexed with single bit stream is used for transmitting by physical media.Give an example, dissimilar services can be by comprising the ATM net of speech, video and data, services.Video and voice service are very sensitive to the time, so can't significantly change time-delay.On the other hand, data can be towards connecting or the connectionless-mode transmission.Data under any situation not as speech or Video service to the sensitivity of delaying time.Data, services for example spreadsheet data needs accurate transmission.Therefore, ATM must distinguish speech, video and data, services routinely.Speech and Video service need priority and guarantee with limited time-delay transmission, and data, services needs the assurance of low loss simultaneously.At a data network of concentrating, data, services can also be transported voice service, makes it depend on the time.Utilize ATM, in one embodiment, polytype service can be by the combination of single ATM virtual path (VP) and virtual circuit (VCs), and virtual circuit is specified and is used for mask data, speech and Video service.

Transmission path can comprise one or more VPs.Each VP can comprise one or more VCs.Therefore, a plurality of VCs can pass through single VP relaying.Exchange can be carried out at transmission path, VPs or in the VCs level.

The ability that ATM exchanges to the Virtual Channel layer is similar to the operation of special-purpose or public Private Branch Exchange PBX (PBX) or telephone exchange in the telephony world.In pbx switch, can each interior channel of interchange trunk group.The device of carrying out the VC connection is called the VC switch owing to be similar to telephone exchange usually.The atm device that connects VPs is commonly referred to the VP interconnection, is similar to transmission network.This similar be reason in order to explain, and should be according to letter.The ATM cell switch does not need only to be limited as exchange VCs and only is cross connected to VPs.

At the ATM layer,, the user connects the selection of (VPC) or Virtual Channel connection (VCC) for providing virtual path.Virtual path connects (VPCs) only according to the exchange of virtual path identifier (VPD) value.The user of VPC can be at VPI internal distribution VCCs, because they follow identical route.Virtual Channel connects (VCCs) VPI and exchange of Virtual Path Identifier (VCI) value according to combination.

It is call routing that VPIs and VCIs are used for by network.Notice that VPI and VCI value are unique on concrete transmission path (TP).

Importantly it should be noted that any one that data network 142 can a plurality of other data type networks, comprise various Packet Switch Data Networks except the ATM net.

B. frame relay

Perhaps, data network 142 can be a frame relay network.For a person skilled in the art clearly, frame relay network can be used as data network 142.Be not to transmit data in ATM cell, data can transmit by frame.

Frame relay is the packet switching protocol that is used for WANs, and the LAN that WANs prevails between remote location connects to LAN.Frame relay inserted the highest at about 1.5Mbps in the past.Today, so-called " at a high speed " frame relay provides about 45Mbps.

Compare other technology of ATM for example of this speed is still relatively slow.

The X.25 packet switching form of the streamlined version of net that is similar to is used in the frame relay service.Grouping is the form with frame, variable-length.The major advantage of this scheme is that frame relay network can hold the packet of all size relevant with any local data agreement in fact.Frame relay network is totally independent of agreement.The embodiment of the frame relay network of data network 142 is not engaged in tediously long protocol conversion process, and therefore other network provides faster and more cheap exchange than some.Frame relay is also fast than traditional X.25 net, because X.25 network design is present available reliable circuit, and carries out more undemanding error detection.

C. Internet protocol (IP)

In one embodiment, data network 142 can be Internet protocol (IP) net by the ATM net.For a person skilled in the art clearly, by various other data link layer networks for example the Internet protocol of Ethernet (IP) net all can be used as data network 142.Be not that ATM with regular length is that the cell at center transmits data with the circuit, data can transmit the grouping of the variable-length IP datagram of TCP segmentation with the center of being grouped into.It is online that the IP data network can be placed on a plurality of physics, for example the SONET optical-fiber network.

2. Virtual Private Network (NPNs)

The wide local communication network of VPN(Virtual Private Network) communication carrier operation, it provides what shows as special line when using, and in fact comprises the trunk line that all clients share in the public network.Can be provided as service by wired network just as VPN, VPN can be provided in the wireless network.VPN can allow private network to be configured in the public network.

VPNs can offer the client by communication carrier, thinks that their WANs provides safety, guarantees and bandwidth far on the way.These VPNs are usually with frame relay or exchange many megabytes of data service (SMDS) with the agreement that elects, because the customer group on these protocol definition logical network, and irrelevant with physical location.ATM is liked as the VPN agreement, because company needs higher reliability and the bigger more complicated application of bandwidth processing.The VPNs that utilizes ATM provides identical virtual secure and QoS for the network of company, because the WANs dedicated circuit design.

The Internet has produced the alternative of VPNs, i.e. virtual private the Internet with lower cost.Virtual private the Internet (VPI) allows company through the different LANs of Internet connection.The combination of user's install software or hardware-software is shared safe Intranet with the network authorization and the cryptographic capabilities generation of VPN form.VPI uses the management interface based on browser usually.

3.H.323 video conferencing

Now brief overview is used for the H.323 suggestion of video conferencing.H.323 standard is provided for comprising by IP-based network audio frequency, video and the data communication of the Internet.By observing H.323 suggestion, from the media product of a plurality of manufacturers with use and to operate mutually, allow the user not consider that compatibility communicates by letter.H.323 promise becomes further the basis based on the multimedia application of lan product.

H.323 be the huge suggestion from International Telecommunication Union, it is provided for by the multimedia communication of the Local Area Network of guaranteeing service quality (QoS) is not provided.The desktop computer of the current tissue of these networks domination also comprises packet switching TCP/IP and IPX, Fast Ethernet and token-ring network technology by Ethernet.Therefore, H.323 standard is the cooperation that the important criterion parts are used for new wide scope, is used for multimedia communication based on the application of LAN.

H.323 standard is to ratify in 1996 seminar 16 by ITU.Version 2 was ratified in January, 1998.This critical field is wide, comprises technology and the point-to-point and the multipoint conference of separate equipment and embedding personal computer.H.323 also solve the interface of calling out between control, multimedia administration and Bandwidth Management and LANs and other network.

H.323 be the part of a series of communication standards, allow in network range, to carry out video conference.H.32X usually said, H.320 this series comprise and H.324, the corresponding ISDN of its difference communicates by letter with PSTN.

H.323 organization definition be used for four primary clusterings of communication Network Based, comprise terminal, gateway, gateway and multipoint control unit (MCUs).

Terminal is the client's end points on the LAN, and real-time, two-way communication are provided.All terminals are all supported Speech Communication; Video and data are optional.H.323 stipulate the required operator scheme of different audio frequency, video and/or data terminal of cooperation.H.323 be the standard of Next Generation Internet phone, teleconferencing terminal and video conference technology.

H.245 all H.323 terminals support also that it is used for negotiated channel and uses and capacity.Need three other assemblies: Q.931 be used for call signaling and call setup, be called the part of registration/permission/state (RAS), it is to be used for the agreement of communicating by letter with gateway; RTP/RTCP with the audio ﹠ video grouping of supporting to be used to sort.

H.323 the optional components of terminal is Video Codec, T.120 data conferencing agreement and MCU capacity.

Gateway is the selectable unit of H.323 meeting.H.323 gateway can provide many services, and major part is the interpretative function between conferencing endpoints and the other-end type H.323.This function comprises between the transformat (promptly H.225.0 arriving H.221) and the translation between the communication process (promptly H.245 arriving H.242).In addition, gateway is conversion between the audio ﹠ video codec also, carries out call setup and removing in LAN side and Circuit Switching Network's side.

Usually, H.323 the purpose of gateway is the characteristic of reflection LAN end points to the SCN end points, and vice versa.The main application of gateway may be with simulation PSTN terminal set up link, with long-range H.320 the terminal of meeting by setting up link based on the isdn circuit switching network and setting up link by the PSTN net with the long-range terminal that meets H.324.

Just not do not need gateway if do not need to be connected to other network, because end points can be directly and other endpoint communication in same LAN.H.245 and Q.931 terminal and gateway communication utilization be agreement.

Utilize suitable code converter, H.323 gateway 5806 can support to observe terminal H.310, H.321, H.322 and V.70.

The function of many gateways is left the designer for.The actual number of the H.323 terminal of communication that for example, can be by gateway is not subjected to standardized the influence.Equally, SCN linking number, independent meeting number, the audio/video/data translation function supported simultaneously and comprise that the multiple spot function leaves manufacturer for.Incorporate H.323 standard into by gateway technique H.323, H.323 ITU will be placed on the device that measured conferencing endpoints is kept together.

Gateway is to enable the H.323 most important parts of network.It can serve as the central point of all-calls in the zone, and controls service for the registration end points provides calling.In many aspects, H.323 gateway serves as virtual switch.

Gateway is carried out two important CCF.The firstth, be aliased into the address transition of IP or IPX address from the LAN that is used for terminal and gateway, as what define in the RAS standard.Second function is Bandwidth Management, and this also specifies in RAS.For example, if network manager has been specified the thresholding of the number of meeting simultaneously among the LAN, just can refuse to connect again in case reach the thresholding gateway.Effect is with the part of total meeting bandwidth constraints to total available bandwidth; Remaining capacity is left Email, file transfers and other lan protocol for.Can be called H.323 zone by the set of all terminals, gateway and the multipoint control unit of the management of single gateway.

Optional but valuable feature of gateway is to be call routing H.323.By gateway is call routing, can more effectively control.The service provider needs this ability, for being placed on the call payment of their networks.If the end points of calling out is unavailable, this service also can be used for calling reselected and is routed to another end points.In addition, can help to make decision for the gateway of call routing H.323 about balance between a plurality of gateways.For example, select route if call out by gateway, then gateway can be reselected calling one that is routed to many gateways according to certain proprietary routing logic.

Though gateway is independent of H.323 end points in logic, producer can incorporate the gateway function in the physics realization of gateway and MCUs into.

Gateway is optional in system H.323.But, if there is gateway, the service that terminal must use gateway to provide.RAS is defined as address transition, permission control, bandwidth control and district management with these.

Gateway can also be in multiple spot connects figure.In order to support multipoint conference, the user utilizes the H.245 control channel of gateway reception from two terminals in the point-to-point meeting.When meeting switches to multiple spot, gateway can be retransmitted to multipoint controller MC with control channel H.245.Gateway does not need to handle H.245 signaling; It only need transmit between the terminal or between terminal and MC.

The LANs that comprises gateway can also comprise gateway, is the transfer address with the E.164 address mapping of importing.Because the zone comprises that by gateway definition the H.323 entity of inner gateway requires a kind of mechanism of forbidding built-in function, therefore as a plurality of when comprising the H.323 entity of gateway among the LAN, entity can dispose and enter the same area.

Multipoint control unit (MCU) is supported the meeting of three or more end points.Under H.323, MCU comprises essential multipoint controller (MC) and zero or more multipoint processor (MP).MC handles the H.245 negotiation between all terminals, to be identified for the public capacity that audio ﹠ video is handled.MC also wants multicast to control conferencing resource by definite which audio ﹠ video data flow.

MC does not directly handle any Media Stream.This leaves MP for, MP mixing, exchange and processing audio, video and/or data bit.MC and MP capacity may reside in H.323 part of assembly of special-purpose member or other.

The present invention supports the multicast of wireless base station 302, comprises providing: with RFC1112,1584 compatibility; Identification and support multicast are used, and comprising: multimedia, teleconference, database, Distributed Calculation, real-time working group; Support is by the broadcast capability of Radio Link; Preserve bandwidth, keep the QoS latency performance; Support IPv6IGMP and IPv4IGMP multicast; Group memberships's inquiry, group memberships's report information.

H.323 the standard version 2 of in January, 1998 approval has solved the defective of version 1, and in prior protocols, for example Q.931, H.245 and H.225 and introduce new function in the brand-new agreement.Obvious improvement is that safety, short calling are set up, assistant service and T.120/H.323 integrated.

G. with the wireless points of the emphasis QoS at the center of being grouped into to multiple spot (PtMP) communication system

1. wireless point to multipoint communication system

Fig. 2 D describes network 296, and this network 296 comprises through router 140d and is connected to the point of data network 142 to multiple spot (PtMP) wireless network 298.The important network 296 that it should be noted that comprises that the network 286 of Fig. 2 C adds PtMP wireless network 298.PtMP wireless network 298 allows to be connected to by the wireless connectivity access of shared bandwidth at the CPE (CPE) of customer location various speeches, data and the video resource of data network 142.Wireless PtMP network 298 is packet switching networks, and it is grouped into center (promptly not producing special circuit during transmitting communication IP stream) and pays attention to QoS's with TCP/IP.

Specifically, PtMP wireless network 298 comprises WAP (wireless access point) (WAP) 290d that is connected to router one 40d by for example wired connection.WAP (wireless access point) 290e can be connected to router one 40e by wired connection equally.WAP290d and one or more radio receiving-transmitting unit user antenna 292d and 292e radio communication, for example radio frequency (RF) communication.For a person skilled in the art clearly, wireless communications method can utilize for example microwave, honeycomb, spread spectrum, PCS Personal Communications System (PCS) and satellite.

In another embodiment, RF communication realizes by cable TV (CATV) coaxial cable.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that coaxial cable serves as the waveguide that the RF ripple is propagated.Correspondingly, the communication link between RF transceiver user antenna 292d and WAP290d is a coaxial cable.Therefore, the coaxial cable connection is similar to wireless connections, is called the another kind of form of wireless connections of the present invention.

In another embodiment, RF communication connects realization RF communication by for example satellite of connection of the low orbit earth (LEO) satellite or high elliptical orbit satellite.Connect as an example with the LEO satellite, WAP290d and RF transceiver user antenna 292d serve as satellite gateway, have other function of the present invention.

For a person skilled in the art clearly, though the present invention describes under the environment of point-to-multipoint network, the present invention is equally applicable to the point to point network environment.

Referring to Fig. 3 A, in an embodiment of the present invention, WAPs290d and 290e can be connected to wireless base station 302, can be by queuing, analysis, feature statement, classification, prioritization and scheduling, as what more fully describe below with reference to subsequent figures at this " IP stream ".

Referring to Fig. 3 B, one embodiment of the present of invention, antenna 292d and 292e are connected respectively to user client's front end (CPE) stand 294d and 294e (being also referred to as CPEs294d, 294e).User CPE station 294d is connected to various other cpe devices with 294e through wired or wireless the connection.For example, CPE station 290d and 290e can be connected to audio call side 124d, 124e, 126d and 126e, facsimile machine 116d and 116e, the TV conference apparatus that comprises video-frequency monitor 152d and 152e and video camera 154d and 154e comprises the master computer of client computer 120d and 120e and server 122d and 122e.For example the various devices of leaving over of PBXs can be connected to CPEs294d and 294e.In addition, next-generation technology for example can be from CA, and the Ethernet Phone machine that the Selsius of subsidiary of SanJoseCISCO system obtains can be connected through LAN with other internet apparatus and is connected to CPEs294d and 294e.Other video conferencing equipment and the conference facility that meets H.323 can also be connected to CPEs294d and 294e.

In an embodiment of the present invention, antenna 292d can communicate by letter with 290e with WAPs290d with 292e, is used for standby wireless communications path.

Get back to Fig. 3 A, the example perspective view 300 of the PtMP net of the present invention of description.Figure 30 0 comprises the wireless base station 302 with customer location 306a, 306b, 306c, 306d, 306e, 306f, 306g, 306h, 306i and 306j radio communication.Specifically, communicate by letter with the user antenna 292a-j of customer location 306a-j through WAP (wireless access point) 290d in the wireless base station.

Wireless base station 302 is connected to network router 140d at interface 320 by for example wired connection.Network router 140d is connected to data network 142, and data network 142 comprises that various other network router 140b are used for services selection is routed to other node on the data network 142, such as telephony gateway 288b.

Get back to Fig. 3 B, describe the block diagram 310 that further specifies wireless PtMP of the present invention.Figure 31 0 is included in the wireless base station 302 that interface 320 is connected to data network 142.That be also connected to data network 142 is router one 40d and telephony gateway 288b, and telephony gateway 288b is connected to 5 grades of central offices (CO) switch at EO104b.IP phone gateway 288b can be by for example being transformed to grouping the telephone service of time-domain multiplexed (TDM) standard telephone set signal terminating to PSTN equipment.Communicate by letter with wireless CPE294d at customer location 306d through antenna WAP290d and 292d in wireless base station 302.For a person skilled in the art clearly, other structure of CPE294d is possible, for example do not have one or more master computers of telephone apparatus, the one or more telephone sets that do not have master computer, one or more master computer and one or more telephone set equipment and one or morely H.323 can hold the video conference platform, it can comprise the master computer with monitor and video camera.

CPE294d is illustrated as having a plurality of telephone apparatus 124d and 126d, for example analog telephone and master computer, client 120d and server 122d.Client 120d can be connected through the LAN of for example ethernet lan with server 122d or leave over V.35 through what provide that high-speed data connects that equipment 322d is connected to CPE294d.Other internet apparatus that can be connected to data network can also be connected to CPE294d.

2. procotol stack architecture-Wireless IP network access infrastructure (WINAAR)

Fig. 4 describes Wireless IP network access infrastructure of the present invention (WINAAR) 400.Structure 400 explanation network protocol stacks, it is to connect to strengthen to support with IP to be the ICP/IP protocol stack version of the QoS at center by packet switching, shared bandwidth, wireless PtMP.Network protocol stack will be according to Open System Interconnection (OSI) 7 layer network protocol stack standard to describe, and this standard comprises physical layer (osi layer 1) 402, data link layer (osi layer 2) 404, network layer (osi layer 7) 406 and 408, transport layer (osi layer 4) 410 and application layer (osi layer 7) 412.

A. physical layer

In one embodiment, physical layer 402 can utilize the specific integrated circuit of a plurality of wireless applications (WASICs), used 16QAM/QPSK416ASIC to realize; Disturb mitigation and multipath cancellation (IMMUNE)/RF418 algorithm ASIC to be used to minimize and/or eliminate harmful interference; And frequency modulation (FH) 419ASIC, be used for providing the optimization data link complete dynamic and adaptive multichannel transmission according to the noise level change frequency level of given frequency.Physical layer 402 can comprise radio frequency (RF) signal 415.

B. data link layer

Data link layer 404 be positioned at physical layer 402 above.Data link layer 404 can comprise medium access control (MAC) layer 414, and it is figured into MAC layer segment 414a and inserts (PRIMMA) technology part 414b and 414c based on intelligent many media of reserving in advance in Figure 40 0.Arrow 426,428 and 430 illustrates that respectively MAC layer 414 can divide into groups with the IP that analyzes and dispatch " IP stream " from data and multimedia application 425, TCP/IP427 and IP429 layer.The IP grouping of IP stream is by analyzing header message identification, determining the qos requirement of IP stream, so IP stream by feature explain, classify, present, prioritization and scheduling.

C. network layer

1. Internet protocol (IP)

Network layer 408 is Internet protocols (IP) 429.Discussed as following further discussion and top comparable data net 142, IP is the standard agreement that solves information block.Referring now to Fig. 7, IP header field 702 can comprise for example information source and IP address, destination, IP type of service (TOS), life cycle (TTL) and protocol fields.The very resilient datagram protocol of the network failure that IP is, but can not assurance transmit in proper order.Router utilizes ICMP (ICMP) to send the sum of errors control information to other router.ICMP can also provide a kind of function, and promptly the user can send " ping " (reflection grouping) so that the round trip delay of checking getatability and IP address main frame.Another osi layer 3 agreements are address resolution ratio agreements (ARP), and it can directly insert data link layer.ARP shines upon actual address, and for example ethernet mac address is to the IP address.

2. Internet protocol (1P) v4 and IPv6

The IP429 of network layer 408 can for example be IP version 4 (1Pv4) or IP version 6 (1Pv6).IPv6 (being sometimes referred to as Next Generation Internet agreement or IPng) is the expansion of the present internet protocol version 1Pv4 of backward compatibility.IPv6 is designed to solve the problem (such as using up address space and table of router) that the success of the Internet causes.IPv6 also adds required feature, comprises circuit safety, disposes and be similar to the real-time service of QOS automatically.The distribution that increases progressively use and many IP availables address of the Internet has produced the emergency that increases addressing capacity.IPv4 utilizes 32 byte number shape addresses, and it can provide about 4,000,000,000 different network addresss.By contrast, IPv6 uses 128 bytes in each address, and it provides more substantial available address.

3. resource reservation protocol (rsvp)

The IP429 of network layer 408 can strengthen RSVP.Exploitation is used for to IPv4 increases the QoS feature, and RSVP should make network manager distribute bandwidth according to the bandwidth requirement of using.Basically, RSVP is the communication protocol that is manifesting, and wishes that this communication protocol signals so that be the real-time Transmission bandwidth reserved of real time data, video and audio service to router.

Can be used for a kind of network with each RSVP that is connected to fundamental operation, so that improve given user's priority temporarily.The end-to-end operation of RSVP is used for the application requirements of special processing with transmission.Session between RSVP identification client and the server requires router to handle this session and provides the priority of access-in resource so that communicate by letter for this reason.When session is finished, keep for the resource of this session to be released the session that is used for other.

RSVP it's a pity in its signaling schemes only provides the priority of two grades.Jump low or high priority time identification grouping at each router.But in crowded network, it is not enough dividing two grades.In addition, can when jumping, refuse in the grouping of router once jump Sort Priority next time.

Be accepted as ietf standard in 1997, whom RSVP do not attempt to handle and should accept bandwidth and problem will take place when a plurality of users need massive band width and so on simultaneously.At present, this technology provides first the response of service earlier to this situation.IETF has formed task force to consider this problem.

Because RSVP provides the special grade of service, many people utilize this agreement to have identical QoS.For example, Cisco is used in RSVP in its internetworking router operation system based on IPv4 at present, so that transmit the QoS feature of IPv6 type.But RSVP is the sub-fraction of QoS image, because it is only effective when given client/server connects.Though RSVP allows application request stand-by period and bandwidth, RSVP does not provide the integrated QoS of whole enterprise required management service flow for congested control or whole network priority.In addition, RSVP does not solve and transmits the relevant particular challenge of grouping by wireless medium.

The present invention supports that RSVP is by providing: the compatibility of (1) and RFC2205; (2) identification and support RSVP information comprise: routing information, reservation (Resv), path dismounting information, resv dismounting information, tracking error information, Resv control information and confirmation.

(3) identification and support RSVP target comprise: Null, Session, RSVP_Hop, Time_Values, Style, Flowspec, Sender_Template, Sender_Tspec, Adspec, Error_Spec, Policy_Data, Integrity, andScope, Resv_Confirm; (4) reconfiguration of RSVPFlowspecs is used in the wireless base station 302 QoS resource allocation.

The invention provides DiffServ and RSVP/int-serv is by providing:

(1) supports RFC2474 and 2475; (2) at the Diffserv of internet core; (3) be used for the RSVP/int-serv of main and edge network; (4) be used for the permission control ability of DiffServ compatibility; (5) differentiated services (DSs) (the field mark support is that DiffServ uses and transform to wireless base station 302 resource allocations); (6) support a plurality of end-to-end sessions are attached to a tunnel session.

4. real time transport protocol (RTP) and real time control protocol (RTCP)

The TCP of transport layer 410 can have RTP and RTCP strengthens.Real time transport protocol (RTP) is the agreement that is manifesting in the Internet, is subjected to the support that the IEIF audio/video transmits working group.Referring to Fig. 7, RTP and RTCP header field 708 can comprise a plurality of sub-information fields.RTP supports by the interactive voice of the packet switching network and real-time video transmission.RTP provides the detailed protocols of content identification, packet sequencing, regularly reconstruction, loss detection and safety.Utilize RTP, data can be to the conditional one or more destinations that send to of delaying time.

RTP and other the Internet real-time protocol (RTP) concentrate on data such as the attentiveness of internet data stream protocol version 2 (ST2) and transport on the efficient.Other the Internet real-time protocol (RTP) of RTP and similar RTCP is designed for the communication session that continues to carry out and exchange mass data.RTP does not handle resource reservation or QoS control.Yet RTP relies on for example RSVP of RSVP, dynamically transmits to distribute suitable bandwidth.

RTP joining day mark and stem are used for distinguishing whether the IP grouping is data or speech, allow the prioritization speech packet, but RSVP allows the network equipment bandwidth reserved to be used to transport complete multimedia data stream.

Real time control protocol (RTCP) is an agreement of following RTP, the phase-split network situation.RTCP works in the multicast mode, feeds back to RTP data source and all session participants to provide.Adopt RTCP can stop by the speech of private IP network datagram transmission by IP.Utilize RTCP, software can form by the peak value of using between the informing network transmission period or change to adjust and change network load.Utilize the RTCP network-feedback, phone software can respond the connection conversion compression algorithm of degradation.

5.IP multicast protocol

The IP429 of network layer 408 can also support multicast protocol.Digital voice and video comprise lot of data, and when being divided into grouping, data must be with mode and correct order transmission timely, to keep the quality of initial content.The agreement development has been primarily focused on provides effective and efficient manner to send the transmission of content to a plurality of recipients, is called multicast.Multicast comprise with one to a plurality of relation with information from a host broadcast to a plurality of main frames.Network equipment with information broadcast to one group of selected miscellaneous equipment, for example at the PCS or the work station of LAN, WAN or the Internet.For example, router can be with other router that sends to about the routing table updated information in the network.

Realize that a plurality of agreements are used for ip multicast, comprise upgrading Internet protocol self.For example, some of IP latest edition IPv6 change to be supported multi-form addressing, are used for clean culture (point to point link), broadcast arbitrarily (member nearest with one group of device communicates by letter) and multicast.The support of ip multicast from a plurality of agreements, is comprised IGMP (IGMP), protocol independent multicast (PIM) and distance vector multicast routing protocol (DVMRP).When queuing algorithm can be used for also guaranteeing that video or other multi-case data type arrive, suppose not have the visible distortion that maybe can listen.

Real time transport protocol (RTP) is ietf draft at present, is designed for end-to-end, the real-time transmission such as video and speech.RTP operates User Datagram Protoco (UDP) (UDP), and the timely transmission, service quality (QoS), transmission or the transmission order that do not guarantee are provided.RIP works together with frequency mixer and converter and supports and encrypts and safety.Real time control protocol (RTCP) is a part of RIP definition of phase-split network situation.RTCP provides the pressure of service to monitor and collects information about the participant.RIP communicates by letter with RSVP with the suitable bandwidth of dynamic distribution.

The Internet packet is generally followed first the basis of service earlier.When network becomes crowded, the service that resource reservation protocol (rsvp) allows some type for example video conference to the time more insensitive service for example before the Email additional extra charge transmit.RSVP changes the Internet price mechanism by different QoS is provided with different prices.Utilize SLAs, different QoS layers can offer user at station, CPE position according to SLA reservation level.

It is the specific concrete QoS of data flow request that RSVP can be used for to network by the main frame that representative is used.Router can utilize RSVP that the QoS control request is sent to the network node that is necessary, so that foundation and maintenance provide the essential state of service of asking.RSVP asks usually but not necessarily causes resource reservation is given along each node of data path.

RSVP itself is not a Routing Protocol.RSVP is designed to the operation with electric current and clean culture in the future and multicast route protocol.RSVP handles and consults local routing data storehouse to obtain route.Under for example multicast situation, main frame sends IGMP information and adds the multicast group, sends RSVP information then so that along the transfer path reserved resource of this group.Routing Protocol determines where grouping is transported to.RSVP is only relevant with the QoS of these groupings, because they transport according to the route of selecting.The present invention carries out the wireless PtMP that pays attention to QoS by the wireless bandwidth of sharing and inserts, and can consider the precedence information that provides in the packet header in the IP stream to receive the bandwidth for transmission of this IP stream by the wireless base station.

D. at the VPN of network layer net (example of optional agreement)

Also described optional VPN(Virtual Private Network) agreement in network layer 406, peer-peer protocol (PPP) 420 and IPsec422 are as what discussed below.

There are a plurality of consensus standards for VPNs at present.For example, IP safety (IPsec), PPTP (PPTP), layer 2 retransmission protocol (L2F) and layer 2 tunnel protocol (L2TP).IETF has advised a kind of safeguard construction that is used for Internet protocol (IP), and it can be used for making the internet security based on VPNs.IPsec allows manufacturer to use many cryptographic algorithm, key length and key contract technology by encrypting this service and decipher the private secure session that this service helps pass through between the organizational firewall the Internet at the other end when service entering the Internet simultaneously.The purpose of IPsec is to allow company mix and mate best fire compartment wall, encryption and ICP/IP protocol product.IPsec is designed to through the encrypting traffic by the Internet two LANs are linked at together.

1. PPTP (PPTP)

PPTP (PPTP) provides the another kind of scheme to the VPN fail safe except that IPsec uses.Different with IPsec, IPsec is designed to through the encrypting traffic by the Internet two LANs are linked at together, and PPTP allows the user to pass through the PPTP server or supports the network of the ISP of PPTP through Internet connection to a tissue.Suggestion PPTP is the standard of early stage IETF in 1996.PPTP is supported in the expectation of fire compartment wall producer.

PPTP is developed together by Microsoft and 3Com, Ascend and USRobotics, at present at the WINDOWSNT server 4.0 that can obtain from the Microsoft company of State of Washington Redmond, WINDOWSNT work station 4.0, realize through the WINDOWS95 and the WINDOWS98 of upgrading.

" tunnel " among the PPTP is meant the information inside of packing into, and therefore by produce a tunnel between server and client, information can encryptedly transmit by the Internet PPTP then, can also combined processing resources.

2. layer 2 is transmitted (L2F) agreement

Layer 2 retransmission protocol (L2F) of Cisco exploitation and the similarity of PPTP are that other agreement inside that it is also packed in the TCP/IP grouping is used for transmitting by the Internet, or other TCP/IP network arbitrarily, and for example data network 112.Different with PPTP, L2F needs the special-purpose router that meets L2F (its needs changes to LAN or WAN foundation structure), and the lower level that runs on network protocol stack does not need the TCP/IP routing function.L2F also provides the additional safety that exceeds the user name and password that PPTP can find.

The layer 2 tunnel protocol (L2TP)

Layer 2 tunnel protocol (L2TP) combination L2F and PPTP standard.In November, 1997, IETF approval L2TP standard.Cisco puts into its internet operating system software with L2TP, and Microsoft incorporates it into WINDOWSNT5.0; The major advantage that L2TP surpasses IPsec is that IPsec only covers tcp/ip communication, and L2TP can carry a plurality of agreements.L2TP also provides the transmittability by non-IP network.It is confident use VPNs that but L2TP ignores data encryption, network manager's an important security features.

4.IPsec

Support of the present invention utilizes the IP stream of the fail safe encrypted feature of IPsec422.The WINAAR structure 400 of integrated IPsec422 stream will be described with down link and uplink direction with reference to Figure 17 A and 17B respectively below.The prioritization of IPsec encryption stream is supported and decrypted data stream and packet header information before discriminance analysis by fire compartment wall being placed on the wireless base station in wireless base station 302.By wireless transmission medium, frame data stream has comprised the encryption of frame data and has realized frequency hopping.

IPsec is provided for for example secure data transmission of VPNs and e-commerce security.IPsec and RFC2401-2407 compatibility.IPsec supports IPv4 and IPv6 and IPsec tunnel style.Wireless base station 302 security protocol supports comprise identifies the stem (AH) and the safe and effective load (ESP) of packing into.Wireless base station 302 supports IPsec to identify (MD5), cryptographic algorithm and key management (IKE and ISAKMP/Oakley) automatically.Wireless base station 302 provides transmission mode or tunnel mode and security service selectable interval scale, for example for all services between two main frames provide single encryption tunnel, or provides independently encryption tunnel for each TCP between the main frame connects.

E. transport layer

1. transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) and User Datagram Protoco (UDP)/Internet protocol (UDP/IP)

Just as already discussed, Internet protocol (IP) has become the main procotol of present use.This success most is a part of the Internet, and it is the protocol suite according to transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP).TCP/IP connects PCs, work station and the most frequently used method of server.TCP/IP is included as the part of many software products, comprises desktop operating system (for example, the Windows95 of Microsoft or WindowsNT and LAN operating system.

The most general lan protocol is netware network operating system (NOS) IPXISPX from Novell at present.But IPXISPX just is being defeated by TCP/IP.Novell supports the IP of itself to incorporate NetWare into now, causes NetWare need work as by the TCP/IP connection and transports the IPX grouping of packing into when IPX divides into groups.UNIX and WindowsNT server can utilize TCP/IP.The VINES of Banyan, the OS/2 of IBM and other lan server operating system also can be utilized TCP/IP.

Transport layer 4 410 can comprise the transmission control protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protoco (UDP) (UDP) 427 parts of a cover standard TCP/UDP/IP protocol suite of procotol.Briefly mentioned that as following that further discuss and top comparable data net 142 TCP is a kind of standard agreement, is used between information source and IP address, destination service being divided into grouping, transmits, re-assemblies with retransmission of information and divide into groups.Referring now to Fig. 7, TCP header field 706 can comprise for example information source and destination port numbers, window size, urgent pointer, mark (SYN, ISN, PSH, RST, FIN) and maximum segment size (MSS).TCP and UDP provide a kind of ability for the TCP/IP main frame, so that distinguish a plurality of application by port numbers.TCP can transmit for application provides the reliable and order of data.TCP can also provide the data stream self-adapting information flow to control, cut apart, reconfigure and prioritization.UDP only provides unacknowledged data newspaper ability.Recently real-time protocol (rtp), the RFC1889 of the definition real-time capacity of for example multimedia application that can provide support.

TCP utilizes the information flow control based on windows.Each TCP source has the transmission window of dynamic change, and what groupings it determines can transmit during each continuous two-way time (RTT).If in the end do not have packet loss in a RTT, then the TCP information source continues to increase its transmission window.In case detect congestedly, the then transmission that reduce oppositely regulate it of information source TCP by increasing promptly " recalled ".The big more burst corresponding to grouping of the width of so-called tcp window and time is longer.The window stream protocol of TCP has represented effect that throughput increases and buffering and has utilized up to by the termination of losing after recalling time a period of time rapidly.

TCP operation IP provides the reliable transmission end to end by data network 142.TCP is by dynamically reducing unacknowledged data amount in window size or the clip size control transport process.Oppositely also be like this, the window that increases if all network elements that relate to have low error rate or clip size value realize higher throughput, support bigger grouping and enough buffering with the bigger window size of support.

F. application layer

Application layer 7 412 can comprise uses 426, for example by TCP, HTTP(Hypertext Transport Protocol), file transfer protocol (FTP) (FTP), the login of TELNET far-end, simple message transfer protocol (SMTP) (SMTP); With by UDP, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), RPC, NFS and TFTP.Other application can also move by network stack, for example can be from VA, the for example NETSCAPENAVIGATOR Web browser that the AOL of Reston obtains, can be from NY, the spreadsheet application of for example LOTUS123 that the IBM of Armonk obtains maybe can be from WA, the video conferencing program of for example MSNetMeeting that the Microsoft of Redmond obtains.The grouping that transmits from this application needs particular processing and prioritization to realize suitable terminal use QoS.

3.PRIMMA the IP stream that method IP flow priority ordering scheduling mixes

Fig. 6 illustrates the block diagram 600 of scheduling hybrid IP stream.The scheduling of block diagram 600 expression wireless base stations 302.The function of block diagram 600 comprises PRIMMA management, VPN and the Real-Time IP stream of the Internet.Get back to Fig. 3 A, wireless IP stream arrives the interface 320 of wireless base station 302 through network router 140d from data network 142.Dispatching IP stream then is used for from the wireless base station 302 and is transferred to customer location through antenna 290d.

Get back to the block diagram 600 of Fig. 6, down link and uplink flow between interface 320 and the wireless base station antenna 290d are shown therein.As described herein, IP stream is meant a series of relevant data groupings that transmit from information source to the destination master computer.IP stream 630 from data network 142 (by interface 320) comprises internet ip stream 608, VPNIP stream 610 and Real-Time IP stream 612.IP stream 630 is down link directions.

Down link IP stream analyzer 602 (below, down link stream analyzer 602) is analyzed internet ip stream 608, VPNIP stream 610 and Real-Time IP stream 612.IP stream analyzer 602 is further described with reference to Fig. 8 A and 15A below.IP stream analyzer 602 receives grouping and analyzes packet header field to discern new or existing IP stream.IP stream analyzer 602 can also be explained the qos requirement of this IP stream according to the content characteristic of packet header field.Can classify IP stream and given grouping is associated with other grouping of flowing from existing IP of IP stream analyzer 602, and the IP stream of similar qos requirement can be combined.IP stream analyzer 602 can also be presented to IP stream the stream scheduler.

The IP stream 608,610 and 612 that down link PRIMMAMACIP stream scheduler 604 (below, downlink flow scheduler 604) scheduling is received is used for transmitting along the down link direction.Downlink flow scheduler 604 can the prioritization different brackets IP stream.For example, scheduler 604 time slot that can reserve descending chain circuit frame is used for the IP stream of stand-by period sensitivity; IP stream 608, scheduler 604 for the FIP type can distribute a large amount of bandwidth to be used for file transfer; IP stream 608 with for email type can provide lower priority for grouping.In the distribution of prioritization wireless bandwidth frame slot, downlink flow scheduler 604 can consider that IP stream 630 is the VPNIP stream 610 from VPN(Virtual Private Network), for example in conjunction with the long-range suboffice of corporate network.All services from VPN can provide higher priority, or the VPN of specific type service can be asked the special grade of service.Downlink flow scheduler 604 can the prioritization Real-Time IP flow 612, occurs these IP thus as required and flows to the CPEs294 that reaches at CPE customer location 306.

Down link PRIMMAMAC segmentation and rearrangement (SAR) and framer 606 (below, down link SAR and framer 606) segmentation and will receive the packet framing of IP stream is used for being transferred to CPEs294 at CPE customer location 306 by wireless medium.IP stream 616,624 CPE294d that can be sent at CPE customer location 306d for example are sent to user antenna 292d and CPE294d at CPE customer location 306d through antenna for base station 290d by wireless medium.In the present invention, the term wireless medium is used for the wide RF that not only comprises by cellular communication to be transmitted, and comprises the propagation of communication via satellite and cable (for example, coaxial cable) communication.

At uplink direction, come the IP stream 626 of the CPE294d of comfortable CPE subscriber station 306d to receive at wireless base station antenna 290d.IP stream 626 can comprise internet ip stream 618, VPNIP stream 620 and Real-Time IP stream 622.Up link IP stream analyzer 602 (below, up link stream analyzer 632) is analyzed internet ip stream 618, VPNIP stream 620 and Real-Time IP stream 622.Further describe up link stream analyzer 632 below with reference to Fig. 8 B and 15B.In one embodiment, the function of IP stream analyzer 632 appears at the CPE294d of user CPE position 306d, and the concurrent request that is sent to wireless base station 302 transmission data comprises the information with the IP stream of scheduling uplink time slot about CPE294d.

Up link PRIMMAMACIP stream scheduler 634 (below, uplink flow scheduler 634) can dispatch request IP stream.In one embodiment, the function of scheduler 634 can be carried out at the CPE294d of user CPE position 306d.In another embodiment, the function of scheduler 634 can 302 execution in the wireless base station.The advantage that uplink flow scheduler 634 is placed on the wireless base station is that it provides efficient especially in putting multipoint configuration.It is more effective than the CPEs294 that a plurality of uplink flow schedulers 634 is placed on user CPE position 306 that one scheduler of concentrating is placed on base station 302.

Up link PRIMMAMAC segmentation and rearrangement (SAR) and framer 636 (below, SAR and framer 636) segmentation and will receive the packet framing of IP stream, be used for being transferred to wireless base station 302 from CPEs294, be used for further by data network 142 transmission at CPE customer location 306 by wireless medium.Can be sent to antenna for base station 290d from the user antenna 292d of the CPE294d that the is connected to CPE customer location 306d wireless medium by for example RF communication, cable modem and satellite communication from the IP stream 626 of the CPE294d of CPE customer location 306d.

B. the general introduction of down link and uplink sub-frames prioritization

The block diagram 800 of Fig. 8 A is summed up exemplary downlink analysis, prioritization and scheduling feature.Equally, the block diagram 830 of Fig. 8 B is summed up exemplary up link and is analyzed prioritization and scheduling feature.Block diagram 800 and 830 is more detailed figure of Fig. 6 block diagram 600 functions.

Begin with block diagram 800 (Fig. 8), it is described in downlink path and how carries out the IP flow priority sequencing and scheduling of sharing wireless bandwidth, from data network 142-to router one 40d-to interface 320-to wireless base station 302-WAP290d-by wireless medium-to radio receiving-transmitting unit user antenna 292d-at the user CPE station of user CPE position 306d 294d.

602 pairs of down link frame scheduler of IP stream analyzer are carried out identification, feature statement, classify and present the function of packet.Identification, feature statement are described, classify and are presented the function of packet with reference to Figure 15 A.

Between recognition phase, it determines according to the field of packet header part whether the packet of input IP traffic is that system is known, promptly is " existing IP stream ", or first packet of new IP traffic.Identification can also comprise that the information source of for example determining grouping is so that insert the information type of grouping Payload.

During the feature statement, system's new data packet of the unknown (new IP traffic) is in the past explained according to the packet header information characteristics, with the qos requirement of determining IP traffic and the user CPE station of discerning the reception IP traffic.

During classifying, new IP traffic is divided into level of communication priority.Classification can also comprise the single grade of dividing into groups to be organized as together like the feature class of different IP stream.The grade marshalling example of IP stream 630 is depicted as IP grade 810a-810g.

During showing, new IP traffic initialization is also presented to downlink flow scheduler 604.

The downlink flow scheduler is according to class queue priority and utilize one group of rule that the packet of IP traffic is placed into class queue, with leading preservation algorithm schedule data packets, be used for the user CPE station 294 that is transferred in user CPE position 306 by wireless medium.According to the data priority (for example enabling the networking (DEN) of catalogue) and the service-level agreements priority of for example enabling catalogue based on multistage prioritization, VPN(Virtual Private Network).Be used to dispatch the leading preservation algorithm of serving when for example waiting below with reference to Figure 14 description.

SAR decomposes, sorts with framer 606 and becomes frame data packets, is used for the wireless transmission from WAP290d to radio receiving-transmitting unit user antenna 292 by wireless medium.A plurality of users shown in the block diagram 800 use on the device that 820a-820e operates in teller work station 120d (not shown) for example, and this device is connected to the user CPE station 294a-e (not shown) that is positioned at user CPE position 306a-306e.Each user CPE position 306 can hold one or more user CPE station 294, and each user CPE station 294 can be arrived and receive and transmit one or more IP traffics from one or more teller work stations 120.In fact, each application that is connected to single CPE station can receive or transmit a plurality of IP traffics.

Referring to the user CPE position 306a of Fig. 8 A, the data that CPESAR and framer 814a rearrangement is received also are sent to the user by CPE stream scheduler 816a and CPEIP stream analyzer 818a and use 820a.CPEIP stream scheduler 816a-816e can carry out the same function of downlink flow scheduler 604 for uplink service.Equally, CPEIP stream analyzer 818a-818e carries out and down link stream analyzer 602 identical functions.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in downlink mode, CPEIP stream scheduler 816a-816e and CPEIP stream analyzer 818a-818e do not carry out function.

The logic function that block diagram 800 explanations are carried out on downlink path, but be not the physical location of these functions.

The user uses the function of 820a-820e and CPESAR and framer 814a-814e and can carry out in be connected to the actual user CPE station 294 of wireless base station 302 by wireless connections.

Block diagram 800 is listed one group of used exemplary priority 812 of downlink flow scheduler 604, so that the packet of receiving is placed into the priority level formation.What list is following one group of priority example: the UDP priority 812a of stand-by period sensitivity, high priority 812b, middle priority 812c, initial HTTP(Hypertext Transport Protocol) shielding priority 812d, medium priority 812e, file transfer protocol (FTP) (FTP), simple message transfer protocol (SMTP) (SMTP) and other E-mail service priority 812f and low priority 812g of stand-by period.One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that according to the many different priority levels of terminal use's qos requirement be possible.The UDP priority data of stand-by period sensitivity is meant the data with limit priority, because it is to shake (being that the time is very important synchronously) and stand-by period (that is elapsed time amount between the opposite direction IP traffic) sensitivity.High priority 812b is meant for example extra charge VPN service and high priority SLA service.Middle priority 812c is meant for example numerical value VPN service layer and intermediate layer SLA service.HTTP shielding priority 812d is meant and downloads the HTTP data, for example initial HTTP shielding, and it is very important to seem to have a large amount of bandwidth to can be used for internet session because the Internet user is felt.Medium priority 812e of stand-by period is meant the data to medium for example E-mail service of stand-by period.FTP, SMTP priority 812f data comprise that equity treats the time and shake insensitive but because transmission size needs a large amount of accurate data downloaded of bandwidth.At last, lower-priority data 812g is meant can be by the long-time data that transmit, when network equipment when transferring status data is to another network equipment on 24 hours basis.

Block diagram 830 (Fig. 8) is described in uplink path and how carries out IP flow analysis, prioritization and the scheduling of sharing wireless bandwidth, from user CPE station 294d-to radio receiving-transmitting unit user antenna 292d-by wireless medium-to WAP290d-to wireless base station 302-to interface 320-to router one 40d-to data network 140.

Block diagram 830 comprises up link stream analyzer 632, uplink flow scheduler 634 and up link SAR and framer 636.These assemblies are similar to down link stream analyzer 602, downlink flow scheduler 604 and down link SAR and framer 606 on function, but analyze, scheduling, ordering and become frame data packets, this packet transmits from the teller work station 120 (at user CPE position 306a-306e) at user CPE station 294, and the transmission packet is used to be transferred to data network 142 to interface 320.

Shown in Fig. 8 B is that the user uses 820a-820e, and it is the identical application shown in Fig. 8 A.CPEIP stream analyzer 819a-819e, CPEIP stream scheduler 817a-817e and CPESAR and framer 815a-815e wherein also are shown.The function class of these assemblies is similar to the user and uses 820a-820e, CPEIP stream analyzer 818a-818e, CPEIP stream scheduler 816a-816e and CPESAR and framer 814a-814e.But the function of these assemblies is at uplink path analysis, scheduling and transmission IP stream, 302 is used for selection and is routed to destination host workstation1 36 (not shown) from user CPE station (at user CPE position 306a-306e) to the wireless base station.

It should be noted that one or more user CPE station that a plurality of application can be connected at user CPE position 306a-306e.In order to prevent that a plurality of application contentions are used for the allocated bandwidth of the fixed number of uplink communication, in one embodiment of the invention, use and reserve dispatching patcher.The allocated bandwidth that is used for packet is called frame slot, describes in Figure 12 A-12Q, 14,16A and 16B below.

The logic function that block diagram 830 explanations are carried out on uplink path, but be not the physical location of these functions.

For example, in one embodiment, the identification analytic function that is used for the IP stream analyzer 632 of grouping, the feature statement of up link and this grouping of classifying can appear at the CPEIP stream analyzer 819a-819e of the CPE subscriber station 294a-294e (not shown) of customer location 306a-306e in a preferred embodiment.

And, in one embodiment, be used for the function of the CPEIP stream scheduler 817a-817f of scheduling uplink subframe time slot and can be in the wireless base station 302 carry out, make each user CPE station 294 be connected to wireless base station 302 by wireless connections.

In this embodiment, scheduling feature according to offer wireless base station 302 by from the up link IP stream reservation request at CPE station in the wireless base station 302 uplink flow scheduler 634 carry out.By all scheduling features are placed on wireless base station 302, the service quality of whole system can be controlled by centralized dispatching and optimize.

In another embodiment, the execution but their functions separately can be stood at the user CPE of reality.

In the reservation scheduling feature of this embodiment, allowing in uplink path with before interface 320 is communicated by letter, each user CPE station utilizes reservation request grouping (RRB) the request reservation frame slot of TDMA fuselage to be used for uplink transmission, further describes below with reference to Figure 12 A-120.After reservation request, shown in circuit 640, the description that uplink flow scheduler 634 transmits one or more time slots to request user CPE station 294, CPE station 294 utilizes these time slots to transmit ul data packet from information source teller work station 120 by wireless medium, and these data are pointed to destination host workstation1 36 by data network 142.

C. service layer's request

Fig. 9 illustrates how PRIMMAMACIP stream scheduler 604 considers service-level agreements in prioritization frame slot and scheduling resource assigning process; Fig. 9 describes the IP flow management Figure 90 0 that regulates SLA, comprises that prioritization is sent to the uplink service of wireless base station from CPE customer location 306a, 306b, 306c and 306d.The user who for example supposes telecommunications service has subscribed four SLA layer P1902a, P2904a, P3906a and P4908a one.In the example that illustrates, suppose the user that IP stream 902b sends at CPE position 306a and have the SLA priority level of P1902a.Equally, the user that sends at CPE position 306b, 306c and 306d of IP stream 904b, 906b and 908b and have the SLA priority level of P2904a, 906a and 908a respectively.The PRIMMAMAC scheduler 604,634 of wireless base station 302 will consider the priority based on SLA in available bandwidth being distributed to user CPEIP stream 902b, 904b, 906b and 908b process.In the example of explanation, IP stream 902b can distribute frame slot 902c according to SLA priority 902a.Frame slot 904c, 906c and 908c can consider the SLA priority scheduling equally.The service of up link IP stream is sent to data network 142 then.

Prioritization based on SLA can provide a kind of valuable device for telecommunications provider, so that provide differentiated services to each client.For example, the low priority service that might buy the user of extra charge SLA service agreement can be dispatched higher priority than the higher priority service of only signing numerical value layer or low cost S LA service priority.

D. stem identifies

Fig. 7 illustrates packet header field information 700, and this information can be used for discerning the qos requirement of IP stream and IP stream.Specifically, IP header field 702 can comprise for example information source and IP address, destination, helps to provide the preferential resource allocation of paying attention to application; IP type of service (TOS), the useful field that helps PRIMMAMAC classified packets or IP to flow; IP life cycle (TTL) estimates the useful field that application packet is discarded; With the protocol fields that can be used for discerning IP stream.

Packet header information 700 also comprises UDP header field 704.Be included in the UDP packet header field 704 is information source and destination port numbers.

Packet header information 700 also comprises TCP header field 706.What be included in TCP packet header field 706 is information source and destination port numbers; TCP slides window size; Urgent pointer; SYN, ISN, PSH, RST and FIN mark; And maximum segment size (MSS).

Packet header information 700 also comprises real-time protocol (RTP) RTP and RTCP header field 708.

Clearly other packet header field also can be used for discerning IP stream for a person skilled in the art.This field provides by example, rather than useful packet header field is exhaustively enumerated.Other field, for example IPv6 about the field of differentiated services (DIFFSERV) also can be in the wireless base station 302 IP stream analyzer 602 and 632.

The e.TDMAMAC air frame

Figure 12 A-12D illustrates exemplary time division multiple access (TDMA) medium access control (MAC) transmission air frame.Field described herein is one embodiment of the present of invention rather than to the restriction of the multiple realization of the present invention.

Figure 12 A illustrates whole TDMAMAC transmission air frame.Air frame 1202 comprises downlink transfer subframe 1202 and uplink subframe 1204.

The TDMA MAC air frame of Figure 12 A comprises up affirmation grouping (UAB) 1206, confirms to ask to divide into groups (ARB) 1208, frame descriptor grouping (FDB) 1210, data slot (DS) 11212a, DS ₂1212b, DS ₃1212c, DS ₄1212d, DS ₅1212e, DS ₆12121, DS ₇1212g, DS8 1212h, DS9 1212i, DS10 1212j, DS ₁₁1212k, DSm 1212l, descending affirmation grouping (DAB) 1214, reservation request grouping (RRB) 1216, UA ₁1218a, UA ₂1218b, UA ₃1218c, UA ₄1218U, UA ₅1218e, UA ₆121Sf, UA ₇1218g, UA ₈1218h, UA ₉1218i, UA ₁₀1218j, UA ₁₁1218k, UA ₁₂1218l, and UA _n1218m.

Here among the embodiment of Miao Shuing, used TDMA type is TDMA/ time division duplex TDMA/TDD.In TDMA/TDD, for a time interval, transmission be from CPE station 294 to the wireless base station 302, in another example of time, transmission is 302 to CPE stations 194 from the wireless base station.Many time slots can be used to up link or down link.Number of time slot is that dynamic assignment is given up link and down link.But, because downlink data rate is usually above uplink data rate, so more time slot allocation is given down link.Though it is dynamic assignment that the time slot between down link and the up link distributes, the time slot sum of a frame is fixed in this embodiment.

Table 5

The MAC air frame	Time slot	Grouping/subframe	Title	Describe
					0	1 -8	DAB/up	Descending affirmation request grouping
0	1 -8	RRB/up	The reservation request grouping	Reserve in the transmission of frame afterwards from the request of user CPE station, have the whole contention slots number of dynamic adjustable
					0	Big by 16	US 1 -US 16/ up	The ascending time slot transmission	Data slot in the sub-frame of uplink, every frame are variable (maximums 16 in one embodiment)
0	1 -3	ODB/up	The operating data grouping	From the user, every frame is by the OA﹠MP data of user CPE station ordering
					0	C	UAB/descending	Up affirmation grouping	Stand the affirmation of receiving ascending time slot in previous subframe from the wireless base station to user CPE
0	C	ARB	Confirm	User CPE request is in previous subframe

		/ descending	The request grouping	Received the affirmation of reservation request
					0	0	FD/ is descending	The frame descriptor of present frame	The content of downlink transfer subframe is described
0	Maximum 16	DS 1 -DS 16/ descending	The descending time slot transmission	Data slot in the descending sub frame, every frame are variable (maximums 16 in one embodiment)
					0	0	CCB/descending	Order and control grouping	Every frame is by the OA﹠MP order and the frame synchronization of user's ordering

Figure 12 B is the symbol description of the exemplary TDMA/TDD air frame 1220 of the present invention.TDMA/TDD air frame structure 1220 descriptor frame sizes are 1228 frame, and it can be for example 16 time slots or 32 time slots.For a person skilled in the art clearly, can use frame structure 1220 and not depart from the spirit or scope of the present invention with other number of time slot.Frame structure 1220 comprises for example various tdma slot 1222a, 1222b, 1222c and 1222d.Each T DMA time slot 1222a-C can comprise data slot 1224a, 1224b, 1224c and 1224d, and these time slots can comprise control grouping 1226a or packet 1226b-d respectively.

In the present embodiment, frame sign is that the sum of all tdma slots 1222 is fixed in 1228 the frame.But, it should be noted that, utilize resource allocation methods of the present invention, might give uplink direction, be called uplink sub-frames or uplink subframe 1204 in this all up link tdma slot collective with a sub-set of dispense of whole tdma slots 1222; And a son of whole tdma slots 1222 is organized dynamic assignment give the down link direction, be called downlink subframe or downlink transmission subframe 1202 in this all down link tdma slot collective.Utilize resource allocation methods of the present invention, all tdma slots 1222 might be distributed to given up or down direction.Also all data slots 1224 might be distributed to single CPE station.Wireless base station 302 has a state machine, and knows the state (that is, having the IP stream that can discern wireless base station 294) that each the CPE station 294 that is connected is arranged with it.

Describe downlink transfer subframe 1202 and uplink subframe 1204 below in detail.

1. the downlink transfer SubFrames of Figure 12 C describes an exemplary downlink transfer subframe 1202.The downlink transfer subframe of Figure 12 C comprises DSs (for example, 16) 1212 and the order and control grouping (CCB) 1232 of transmitter two-way time 1230, UAB 1206, ARB 1208, FDB 1210, every frame variable number.DS transmission 1212 comprises DS ₁1212a, DS ₂1212b, DS ₃1212c, DS ₄1212d, DS ₅1212e, DS ₆1212f, DS ₇1212g, DS ₈1212h, DS ₉

1212i, DS ₁₀1212j, DS ₁₁1212k and DSm 1212l.

Figure 12 D describes the exemplary UAB 1206 of downlink transfer subframe 1202.The downlink transfer subframe of Figure 12 D comprises UAB 1206, and ARB 1208, and FDB 1210, DS ₁1212a, DS ₂1212b, DS ₃1212c, DS ₄1212d, DS ₅1212e, DS ₆1212f, DS ₇1212g, DS ₈1212h, DS ₉1212i, DS ₁₀1212j, DS ₁₁1212k, DSm 1212l and CCB 1232.

UAB 1206 comprises sub-slots UAB ₁1206a, UAB ₂1206b, UAB ₃1206c, UAB ₄1206d, UAB ₅1206e, UAB ₆1206f, UAB ₇1206g and UAB8 1206h.UAB ₁1206a comprises preorder 1234a, user ID 1234b, IP flow identifier 1234c, time-slot sequence 1234d and Cyclic Redundancy Check 1234e.

What the UAB field was wireless base station 302 to CPE station 294 receives (for example, affirmation US1-US16) of uplink subframe time slot.The reader can be with reference to following discussion to the uplink subframe.

In the sub-slots UAB1 of ARB 1206 1206a: preorder 1234a comprises the data that are used for the complete purpose of link; The CPE station 294 of reservation request is made in user ID 1234b identification; IP flow identifier 1 234c discerns IP traffic; The priority level of service data grade quality 1234a identification IP traffic is if CPE station 294 is known; IP flow priority and Class1 234b are the designators of new IP traffic; With CRC 1234e, it represents cyclic redundancy code, and the error checking of sub-slots to RRB1 1216a is provided.

Figure 12 E describes the exemplary ARB 1208 of downlink transfer subframe 1202.The downlink transfer subframe of Figure 12 E comprises UAB 1206, and ARB 1208, and FDB 1210, DS ₁1212a, DS ₂1212b, DS ₃1212c, DS ₄1212d, DS ₅1212e, DS ₆1212f, DS ₇I212g, DS81212h, DS ₉1212i, DS ₁₀1212j, DS ₁₁1212k, DSm 1212l and CCB 1232.ARB 1208 comprise sub-slots ARB1 1208a, ARB2 1208b, ARB3 1208c, ARB4 1208d, ARB ₅1208e, ARB6 1208f, ARB7 1208g and ARB8 1208h.ARB1 1208a comprise preorder 1234a, user ID 1234b, IP flow identifier 1234c, time-slot sequence 1234d and Cyclic Redundancy Check 1234e.

To be wireless base station 302 received affirmation from the up reservation request at CPE station 294 to the wireless base station 302 at CPE station 294 to the ARB field.The reader can be with reference to following discussion to the uplink subframe.

In the sub-slots ARB1 of ARB 1208 1208a: preorder 1234a comprises the data that are used for the complete purpose of link; The CPE station 294 of reservation request is made in user ID 1234b identification; IP flow identifier 1234c discerns IP traffic; The priority level of service data grade quality 1234a identification IP traffic is if CPE station 294 is known; IP flow priority and Class1 234b are the designators of new IP traffic; With CRC 1234e, it represents cyclic redundancy code, and the error checking of sub-slots to RRB1 1216a is provided.

Figure 12 F describes the exemplary FDB 1210 of downlink transfer subframe 1202.The downlink transfer subframe of Figure 12 F comprises UAB 1206, and ARB 1208, and FDB 1210, DS ₁1212a, DS ₂1212b, DS ₃1212c, DS ₄1212d, DS ₅1212e, DS ₆1212f, DS ₇1212g, DS8 1212h, DS ₉1212i, DS ₁₀1212j, DS ₁₁1212k, DSm 1212l and CCB 1232.

FDB comprises about downlink transfer subframe time slot (for example, details DS2-DS16).

FDB 1210 comprise preorder sub-slots 1236a, descending time slot sub-slots 1236b number, be used for up reservation 1 sub-slots 1236c IP stream ID, be used for up reservation 2 sub-slots 1236d IP stream ID, be used for the IP stream ID of up reservation n sub-slots 1236e and be used for the contention slots counting of next sub-frame of uplink sub-slots 1236f.

In FDB 1210, field: be defined as following preorder sub-slots 1236a and comprise the data that are used for the complete purpose of link; The number of descending time slot sub-slots 1236b comprises the number of descending time slot (DSs); The IP stream ID that is used for descending reservation sub-slots 1236c comprises the IP traffic identifier of DS1; The IP stream ID that is used for descending reservation sub-slots 1236d comprises the 2nd IP traffic identifier that is used for DS2; The IP stream ID that is used for descending reservation n sub-slots 1236e comprises another IP traffic identifier that is used for DSm; The contention slots counting that is used for next sub-frame of uplink sub-slots 1236f is provided for the counting of next available sub-frame of uplink.

Figure 12 G describes an exemplary MAC Payload data cell (PDU).Descending MAC PDU comprises the information about the Payload practical structures.The descending MAC PDU of Figure 12 G comprises the IP flow identifier 1238c of MAC lists of links sequence number 1238a (sequence number of MAC chained list), reservation request index number (to the index of downstream IP stream), compression, IP flow priority and Class1 238d (discerning the priority and the type of compressed IP stream), time slot Payload 1238e (data volume in the downlink data time slot) and the CRC 1234e (error checking information) of compression.

Figure 12 H describes the exemplary CCB of downlink transfer subframe 1202.CCB comprises the OAM﹠amp of each frame by 294 orderings of user CPE station; P order and frame synchronization.CCB 1232 comprises mode command sub-slots 1240a (comprise and select the CPE station will take what pattern), overview order sub-slots 1240b (comprising concrete system command, such as the patch that is used for a module), control data index sub-slots 1240c (comprising required download location and memory requirements or the out of Memory of CPE station data download), datablock 1 sub-slots 1240d (comprising concrete system data), datablock 2 sub-slots 1240e (the same), datablock n sub-slots 1240f (the same) and CRC sub-slots 1234e (error calibration information).

2. the uplink subframe of the exemplary uplink subframe 1204 Figure 12 I of the uplink sub-frame description one of Figure 12 I comprises the USs 1218 of transmitter two-way time 1230, DAB 1214, RRB 1216, each frame variable number, for example 16, operating data grouping (ODB) 1242, comprise OAM﹠amp by each frame ordering of user from the user; The P data.US transmission 1218 comprises US ₁1218a, US ₂1218b, US ₃1218c, US ₄1218d, US ₅1218e, US ₆1218f, US ₇1218g, US ₈1218h, US ₉1218i, US ₁₀1218j, US11 1218k, US12,1218l and US13 1218m.

Figure 12 K describes the exemplary RRB 1216 of uplink subframe 1204.Figure 12 K uplink subframe also illustrates DAB 1214, and RRB 1216, US ₁1218a, US ₂1218b, US ₃1218c, US ₄1218d, US ₅1218e, US ₆1218f, US ₇1218g, US ₈1218h, US ₉1218i, US ₁₀1218j, US ₁₁1218k, US ₁₂1218l, US13 1218m and ODB 1242.RRB 1216 comprises sub-slots RRB1 1216a, RRB2 1216b, RRB ₃1216c, RRB ₄1216d, RRB5 1216e, RRB ₆1216f, RRB ₇1216g and RRB8 1216h.RRB1 1216a comprise preorder 1234a, user ID 1234b, IP flow identifier 1234c, service data grade quality 1244a, IP flow priority and Class1 244b and CRC 1234e.

CPE station 294 utilizes sub-slots (the RRB1 1216a of RRB 1216, RRB2 1216b, RRB3 1216c, RRB4 1216d, RRB5 1216e, RRB6 1216f, RRB7 1216g, with RRB8 1216h) to carry out reservation request, it is the 294 pairs of requests of the bandwidth of uplink transmission subframe in the future in CPE station.If two CPE station 294d 294e attempt inserting the same sub-slots of RRB 1216, the appearance of this situation is because their pseudo-noise code generator is selected same sub-slots, then " collision " appearance, and these data can't be read by wireless base station 302.Two CPE stations 294d, 294e need retry.

The reservation request time slot can provide for the basis by IP stream.Except the reservation request time slot allocation being given each CPE subscriber station, default number (for example 5) can be used for contention slots.If collision is detected by the request user more than the reservation request timeslot number, then this distributed time slot can change dynamically so that extra RRB time slot to be provided.(collision is similar to the CSMA/CD collision in the Ethernet, and the crash device on this Ethernet is by trying to attempt to retransmit by these bus structures at random time again.)

Wireless contention method of the present invention is to be based upon L.Roberts " time division type Aloha " method in 1972 exploitations, and it is the improvement of N.Abramson at 1870s early development " Aloha " method and so-called bit mapping reservation protocol.Similar to time division type Aloha method, the invention provides discrete time slot and be used to transmit data, rather than allow all to transmit data at any point.But, except the reality " Payload " of transmission data, the reservation request that only transmits description real data Payload content that the present invention is favourable.And, be used for basis that the timeslot number of reservation request can be favourable recently in the past detected collision frequency dynamically change.

Continue and non-lasting to be used for wireless various carrier wave induction multiple access (CSMA) technology different with previous, the inventive method is favourable does not require user CPE station 294d " induction " carrier wave (wireless channel) before transmission.In addition, user CPE station 294d selects " sub-slots " to transmit by pseudo random number, rather than previous carrier wave induction.If detect collision, user CPE station 294d will utilize pseudo-random number processes examination again in next frame.

Except utilizing the bit shadowing agreement to solve the contention, as being used for some reservation protocol, the wireless base station can clearly authorize reservation request.The bit shadowing agreement of standard requires all stations can receive signal from all other stations, therefore follow-up transmission sequence can from the bit mapping format that obtains, imply definite.This method is favourable does not need to receive reservation request signal from other CPE subscriber station 294d.This is favourable, because at higher frequency (for example 2GHz is to 306Hz), sight line and distance restraint are arranged, receives topological structure, position and the distance that can limit the CPE subscriber station from the requirement of other CPE subscriber station 294d transmission inadequately.

Advantageously, reserve, can consider other factors, for example relative or dynamic CPE subscriber station 294d (or IP stream) priority factors by allowing wireless base station 302 request of authorizing clearly.Therefore, reservation protocol of the present invention can dynamically be adjusted the number of contention sub-slots and the clear and definite wireless base station of authorizing is reserved, and then allows the wireless bandwidth of the device assignment response IP stream qos requirement better than any existing method.

It should be noted that RRB1 1216a comprises following field: preorder 1234a, user ID 1234b, IP flow identifier 1234c, quality of service data grade quality 1244a, IP flow priority and Class1 244b and CRC 1234e.In the sub-slots RRB1 of RRB 1216 1216a: preorder 1234a comprises the data that are used for the complete purpose of link; The CPE station 294 of reservation request is made in user ID 1234b identification; IP flow identifier 1234c discerns IP traffic; The priority level of service data grade quality 1234a identification IP traffic is if CPE station 294 is known; IP flow priority and Class1 234b are the designators of new IP traffic; With CRC 1234e, it represents cyclic redundancy code, and the error checking of sub-slots to RRB1 1216a is provided.

As selection, sub-slots RRB1 1216a can provide additional field, and it comprises the number at the packet CPE station 294 of will transmit in its IP traffic.

Figure 12 K describes the exemplary DAB 1214 of uplink subframe 1204, acknowledges receipt of time slot from the base station at this CPE.DAB is from user CPE station 294 affirmations of receiving descending time slot last subframe to the wireless base station.

DAB 1214 comprises sub-slots DAB ₁1214a, DAB ₂1214b, DAB ₃1214c, DAB ₄1214d, DAB ₅1214e, DAB ₆1214f, DAB ₇1214g and DAB8 1214h. sub-slots DAB1 1214a comprise preorder 1234a, user ID 1234b, IP flow identifier 1234c, time-slot sequence 1234d and Cyclic Redundancy Check 1234e.(these fields have the described identical information with RRB.)

Figure 12 L describes an exemplary MAC PDU ascending time slot.The MAC PDU ascending time slot of Figure 12 L comprises CPE lists of links sequence number 1246, reservation request index number 1236b, compressed IP flow identifier 1238c, compressed IP flow priority and Class1 238d, time slot Payload 1238e and CRC 1234e.Up MAC PDU is similar to descending MAC PDU, but is used for sub-frame of uplink Payload information.

Figure 12 M, 12N and 120 describe an exemplary ODB 1242 in detail.This field is used to store about link information between wireless base station 302 and the CPE station 294.ODB 1242 comprises preorder 1234a (comprising the link partial data), user ID 1234b (discern which CPE station 294 and make reservation request), system mode 1248a (about the stand information of 294 states of CPE), performance data 1248b (how full buffer statistics, processor performance statistics, system mode be), antenna data 1248c (about the information of antenna), CRC 1234e (error checking information) and synchronous mode 1248d (error checking information).

Referring to Figure 12 M, system mode sub-slots 1248a comprises system mode 1250a (pattern at CPE station, for example originate mode of command mode, mode of operation or system), system mode 1250b (state at CPE station), system resource 1250a (pattern at CPE station) system power 1250b (pattern at CPE station), system temperature 1250a (temperature at CPE station).CPE station 294 need utilize ODB 1242 to transmit their information in turn.

The number (number that repeated communications is attempted), frameslips 1252b (frame number of having missed), the waitstate index 1252c (index of wait state) that comprise comrepeats 1252a referring to Figure 12 N, performance data 1248a.

F. exemplary frame prioritization based on grade

Figure 13 represents block diagram 1300, illustrates how exemplary stream scheduler of the present invention dispatches product.Block diagram 1300 comprises: stream scheduler 604,634 (it is the combination of downlink flow scheduler 604 and uplink flow scheduler 634), downlink transmission subframe 1202 are (promptly, next MAC descending sub frame), uplink transmission subframe 1204 (that is current MAC sub-frame of uplink).Block diagram 1300 also comprises following descending assembly: 1302,2 grades of down queues 1304 of 1322,1 grade of down queue of descending reservation fifo queue and 3 grades of down queues 1306.Block diagram 1300 also comprises following up reservation assembly: current sub-frame of uplink 1344 (current sub-frame of uplink 1204 to be ready being stored in wherein), former sub-frame of uplink 1303,2 grades of up reservation request formations 1310 of 1346,1348,1350,1 grades of up reservation request formations and 3 grades of up reservation request formations 1312.

In down link, IP stream QoS grade queued (describing with reference to Figure 15 A and 15B below) enters 1330,1332 and 1334 and 3 grades of groupings of 1 grade of grouping flow queue 1324,1326 and 1328,2 grades of groupings flow queue flow queue 1336,1338,1340 and 1342 with the queuing data packet of receiving.

According to from input based on multistage priority processor, VPN(Virtual Private Network) is enabled catalogue (DEN) tables of data and service-level agreements (SLA) priority data table (describing with reference to Figure 15 A and 15B below), and 1 grade, 2 grades and the 3 grades flow queues that divide into groups are separately assigned to 1302,2 grades of downstream formations 1304 of 1 grade of downstream formation and 3 grades of downstream formations 1306.Stream scheduler 604,634 is dispatched these downlink data packet on downlink transmission subframe 1202.In one embodiment, Fu Jia processing is used for minimizing latency and shake.For example, the packet of supposing 1 grade of grouping flow queue 1324 needs the transmission of non-jitter and no stand-by period, i.e. Fen Zu transmission must the constant time interval with real-time.Stream of packets formation 1324 for example creates the time slots that 4 times equate and keeps in the future, as 1 grade of downstream formation 1302 with describe below with reference to Figure 14.This supply reserved is given descending reservation fifo queue 1322 and by the scheduling on future downlink frame 1202 of stream scheduler 604,634.

In up link, the reservation request that is used for ascending time slot in the future arrives wireless base station 302 as the part of the current sub-frame of uplink 1204 that CPE subscriber station 294 is received by wireless medium.Current sub-frame of uplink 1344 can be stored reservation request temporarily, is used for narrative analysis and scheduling uplink grouping according to above-mentioned Fig. 8 B.Sub-frame of uplink 1346,1348,1350 in the past comprises that up reservation request waits for the uplink frame time slot allocation in future sub-frame of uplink 1204.Reservation request grouping (RRBs), described with further reference to Figure 12 * * * above, be included as a plurality of time slots of single IP stream request with IP flow identifier # and this stream grade.Up reservation request (by IP stream and grade) queues to 1308,2 grades of up reservation request formations 1310 of 1 grade of up reservation request formation and 3 grades of up reservation request formations 1312 by IP stream QoS grade queued (described below with reference to Figure 16 A and 16B ).Stream scheduler 604 and 1566,634 and 1666 utilizes these descending reservations and up reservation request so that the packet that is respectively in next downlink transfer subframe 1202 and uplink subframe 1204 distributes time slot.

Figure 14 is the exemplary two-dimensional block diagram 1400 of leading preservation algorithm.Figure 14 comprises MAC subframe scheduling device 1566,1666, frame present frame n1402 and frame n+1 1404 in the future, and n+2 1406, and n+3 1408, n+4 1410, n+5 1412, and n+6 1414...n+x 1416 is illustrated in the data packet frame that time n, n+1, n+2...n+x will transmit.Every frame is divided into the uplink sub-frames 1204 of the downlink subframe 1202 and the variable-length of variable-length.The length of downlink subframe 1202 and uplink sub-frames 1204 constitutes the length of entire frame together.

Every frame n 1402 comprises a plurality of time slots (1418-1478).Time slot 1418-1446 comprises downlink subframe 1202, and time slot 1448-1478 comprises uplink sub-frames 1204.In one embodiment, this slot length is fixed, and each time slot can be stored the individual data grouping.The sum of frame slot keeps constant in one frame.For example, if a given frame comprises 64 frame slots, then time slot can be in up link or down link direction dynamic assignment, for example on 32 and on 32 times, 64 and on 0 time, 0 and 64 times.Block diagram 1400 can be thought the bidimensional matrix, and each time slot has a time value (that is, time slot-slot time is at interval), 0.01ms for example, and every frame has total frame time value blanking time (that is, the frame-frame time time interval), for example 0.5ms.

In the present invention, keeping algorithm in advance is that packet distributes the time slot in future according to the priority of the IP traffic relevant with this grouping.Exemplary priority is described with reference to Fig. 8 A and 8B in the above.For to shaking sensitive calling, represent to call out to the time sensitivity, when importantly keeping waiting (, about the time homophase) connect.Have sort signal, importantly data scatter or has between the frame in the time slot that the cycle changes in the same time slot between the frame.For example, vertically reserve 1480 and show the shake sensitive signal that the same time slot of every frame downlink communication receives.Particularly, the time slot 1422 of signal allocation in the frame 1402-1416.If that frame and frame time interval is 0.5ms, then time slot offers IP stream with every 0.5ms.As another example, oblique line is reserved time slot of 1482 expressions along with the cycle between the sequence frames changes the sensitive signal of reception shake.Specifically, signal allocation time slot 1440 is at frame 1402, time slot 1438 at frame 1404... time slot 1426 at frame 1416, to produce " oblique line ".If the time interval of frame and frame is 0.5ms, time slot and slot time at interval be 0.01ms, then time slot can per 0.5 subtracts 0.01 and equals .49mms and offer IP stream.Therefore, in order to reduce frame period, can use the oblique line of positive slope to reserve.For the frame period that obtains increasing progressively, the oblique line of negative slope, for example the oblique line up link of negative slope reserves 1486.Oblique line reserves 1482 can also be according to the cycle between the sequence frames of expectation and more remarkable (that is, utilizing greater or lesser slope).Reservation pattern 1480,1482,1484 and 1486 has shaking the sensitive useful pattern of communicating by letter.Vertical reservation 1486 also is shown, is similar to vertical reservation 1480, to uplink direction to shaking the useful of sensitive communication.

To the stand-by period sensitivity, can guarantee the one or more time slots in every frame.For example, for to the stand-by period is sensitive but to shaking insensitive calling, every frame can distribute (or a plurality of) time slot to be used for communication.But time slot needs not to be the cycle between frame, as to shaking sensitive calling.Every frame is that the number of time slot of an IP flow distribution is big more, and the total bandwidth that this IP flows each frame speed is big more.

For to more insensitive calling of stand-by period, be the less time slot of the every frame of this allocation of communications just.For example, can accept the assurance bandwidth of a time slot of per four frames to more insensitive communication of stand-by period.Can receive single time slot by per ten frames to more insensitive calling of stand-by period.

Utilize these principles, leading preservation algorithm can distribute time slot from the limit priority to the lowest priority, consume the available time slot number in the frame in future.To the shake and the quick IP traffic in stand-by period Turin can distribute have cyclic pattern time slot (for example, pattern 1480,1482,1484 and 1486), be stream to the stand-by period very sensitive (but insensitive) or the like afterwards, up to least sensitive flow distribution time slot of stand-by period to shaking.IP stream by scheduler 604,634,1566,1666 prioritization different brackets is further described with reference to Figure 15 A, 15B, 16A and 16B below.

G. downlink subframe prioritization

1. general introduction

Figure 15 A and 15B are that the example logic flow chart of sharing wireless bandwidth is upwards analyzed and dispatched to downlink side.Logic flow belongs to the IP stream of packets that arrives wireless base station 302 from data network 140, is used for being transferred to user CPE station 294d by wireless medium downwards.Figure 15 A is the example logic flow chart 1500 that is used for down link IP analyzer 602.Figure 15 B is the example logic flow chart 1560 that is used for downlink flow scheduler 604.

The functional unit of Figure 15 A and 15B explains via the method module, and they can be regarded as physical location (for example, comprising software, hardware or its combination) or logical bearer (for example, only be used to explain purpose).Those skilled in the art will recognize that these modules only are used to explain exemplary embodiment, and do not think restriction.

The example logic flow chart 1500 that is used for the down link IP stream analyzer of Figure 15 A comprises that packet header identification component 1502, grouping feature presentation component 1504, grouping classification element 1506 and IP stream present parts 1508.The function of these assemblies is explained below in detail.

In one embodiment, down link IP stream analyzer 602 physics be positioned at wireless base station 302, but those skilled in the art will recognize that identical functions can be positioned at the place away from wireless base station 302.

Fig. 2 D, 3A and 3B help reader understanding's down link IP stream analyzer.

2. foreword

The function that IP stream analyzer 602 is carried out to down link frame scheduler 604 and discerned, packet was explained, classified, presents to feature.The function that packet was explained, classifies and presented to identification, feature presents parts 1508 execution by packet header identification component 1502, grouping feature presentation component 1504, grouping classification element 1506 and the IP stream of down link IP stream analyzer 602 respectively.

Packet header identification component 1502 determines according to the field contents of packet header part whether the packet of input IP traffic is the part of the known IP stream of native system or first packet of new IP traffic.Packet header identification component 1502 also utilizes the information source of packet header field content recognition grouping.The packet (new IP traffic) that the statement of grouping feature presentation component 1504 features is new is to determine the qos requirement of this IP traffic, the user CPE station teller work station that receives this IP traffic is relevant with identification.Grouping classification element 1506 is categorized into level of communication priority with new IP traffic, and the IP stream of grouping with similar type is grouped in.IP traffic presents the new IP traffic of 1508 initialization and it is presented to downlink flow scheduler 604.

Downlink flow scheduler 604 is placed into class queue with the packet of IP traffic, and for example utilizes leading preservation algorithm to be used for being transferred to user CPE station by wireless medium according to one group of rule-based scheduling packet.By determining these rules from (DEN) tables of data 1572 and service-level agreements (SLA) priority data table 1570 of enabling catalogue to input, the VPN(Virtual Private Network) of downlink flow scheduler based on multistage priority processor module 1574.With further reference to Figure 14 leading preservation algorithm is described above.

3. identification

Packet header identification component 1502 is identified in the IP stream that data-interface 320 is received from data network 142 according to packet header.

IP stream packets stream from data network 142 comprises that the grouping (relevant with individual data " calling " at this each IP stream) from various IP streams receives at packet header mark component 1502.IP stream can comprise packetized data, and it comprises the digital information of any kind, for example the speech of packetizing, video, audio frequency, data, IP stream, VPN stream and real-time stream.IP stream is by the interface 302 of data network 142 from for example host work station 136d transmission and arrival wireless base station 320.What interface 302 transmitted IP stream is grouped into packet header identification component 1502.In module 1510, the buffering of packets of receiving enters the memory block.In module 1520, extract the also content of syntactic analysis packet header field.

For the known IP stream of this system, so-called " existing IP stream " has inlet in table 1526.If had the IP data call of existing feature statement IP stream in this system.In module 1522, determine whether the inlet at existing IP stream Identification Lists 1526 exists coupling between input grouping and the calling of existing IP stream.If then this IP streaming system is known, and control is sent to the module 1530 of grouping feature presentation component 1504.

If not, represent that this IP stream is a new IP traffic, then control is sent to module 1524, analyzes packet header field at this.The information source application type that module 1524 is analyzed packet header information source field and determined to make data call or transmit the IP grouping from information source application packet header data table 1528.Application can be any with reference to Fig. 2 D description or the next known application of those skilled in the art.Example comprise from another client workstation 38f file transfer protocol (FTP) (FTP) download, IP speech phone call (by telephony gateway 288b), from the speech phone call (connecting) of caller 124d by modulator-demodulator, from Email, the facsimile machine of the LAN128a that links to each other with host work station 136a call out with from a plurality of caller 124d and the 126d videoconference of (being connected) by modulator-demodulator, or the like.If this IP streaming system does not know that then this IP stream provides IP stream identifier, control is sent to module 1526, is added in the existing IP stream Identification Lists 1526 at this IP stream identifier.

In case by packet header information or other device, for example directly use identification and determined the information source application type, then be sent to the module 1532 of grouping feature presentation component 1504 from module 1524 controls.In order to discern the information source application type of IP stream, any COS (TOS) or differentiated services (Diffserv) field also can be analyzed.

4. feature statement

The new IP of grouping feature presentation component 1504 features statement flows and is sent to grouping classification element 1506 and is used for classification.

Flow for existing IP, control from the module 1522 of packet header identification component 1502 and be sent to module 1530.If determine that in module 1522 the IP traffic system is known, then determine grouping whether always (that is, outmoded) in module 1530.This for example can comprise from life span field (field of IP packet header) determines the grouping life-span, and relatively this field and thresholding life value.If it is outmoded that this grouping is defined as, then deletion.According to the life-span of grouping, it is discarded to estimate that the client uses.Otherwise control can be sent to the module 1540 of grouping classification element 1506.

Flow for a new IP, control from the module 1524 of packet header identification component 1502 and be sent to module 1532.If in module 1524, determine that the IP streaming system do not know, then utilize the qos requirement of determining this application in the resource application messages of module 1524 and 1528 identifications in module 1532.Module 1532 is carried out this operation by searching in the qos requirement table 1534 for the qos requirement of discerning the information source application.Different application has different Qos requirements, so that acceptable end-user experience to be provided.For example, allocated bandwidth (that is, distributing suitable amount of bandwidth) is very important to the application of carrying out ftp file transmission download, rather than shake (that is, receiving the time synchronized of data) and the stand-by period (that is the time quantum in past between the response).On the other hand, shake and stand-by period are to voiceband telephone with videoconference is very important and allocated bandwidth is just inessential.

After module 1532 is handled, in module 1536, for the execution of IP stream searches destination CPE subscriber station ID from user CPEIP address table 1538.Each user CPE station 294d can have in one or more teller work station 120d operations and belong to its one or more application.Correspondingly, IP stream can point to one or more application of one or more teller work stations of one or more CPE station 294d.The teller work station can be any equipment that is connected with user CPE station 294d.Module 1536 is inquired about IP stream in table 1538, to determine the receiving sign of user CPE station 294d of the grouping of new IP stream from data network 142.Control the module 1542 that is sent to grouping classification element 1506 from module 1536 then.

5. classification

Grouping classification element 1506 classification IP flow and are sent to IP stream and present parts 1508 for presenting.

For existing IP stream, control is sent to module 1540 from the module 1530 of grouping feature presentation component 1504.If determine that in module 1530 this grouping is not outmoded, then should grouping flow relevant with existing IP in module 1540.Shown in Figure 15 A, the grouping of Chu Liing here determines it is the part of the known IP stream of this system.Therefore, it is unnecessary that module 1532,1536 and 1542 QoS handle, because the qos requirement of this grouping hypothesis flows identical with its IP.In another embodiment, all grouping is all explained by feature and is classified.From module 1540, control can proceed to IP stream and present 1508 module 1546.

For new IP stream, control is sent to module 1542 from the module 1536 of grouping feature presentation component 1504.In module 1542, the table by IP stream QoS table of grading module 1544 searches this grouping and is categorized into the QoS grade, in the qos requirement storage according to grouping of the type of this QoS grade.Similarly IP flows, and (the IP stream that promptly has similar qos requirement) is grouped in together in module 1542.In classified packets and IP stream, can consider the marshalling of QoS grade, any Diffserv priority flag and any TOS priority flag.From module 1542, control is sent to the module 1548 that IP stream presents parts 1508.

6.IP stream presents

IP stream presents parts 1508 preparations and presents the IP stream packets to downlink flow scheduler 604.

For existing IP stream, control is sent to module 1546 from the module 1540 of grouping classification element 1540.In module 1546, grouping is added to relevant existing IP flow queue, and it is the formation of current IP stream.From module 1546, control is sent to the IP stream QoS grade queued module of downlink flow scheduler 604.

For new IP stream, control is sent to module 1548 from the module 1542 of grouping classification element 1506.In module 1548, can be used to present to module 1552 by the new IP stream of initialization.In module 1550, IP stream QoS grade is presented to frame scheduler 604 so that be placed into suitable class queue.Module 1552 provides IP stream (particularly packet) and IP flow identifier to the IP of downlink flow scheduler 604 stream QoS grade queued module 1562.

7. downlink flow scheduler

The example logic flow chart 1560 that is used for the downlink flow scheduler 604 of Figure 15 B comprises IP stream QoS grade queued module 1562, MAC downlink subframe Scheduler module 1566, based on multistage priority processor module 1574, VPN DEN tables of data module 1572, SLA priority data table 1570, CPE IP flow queue degree of depth condition handler 1582 and link-layer acknowledgment processor module 1578.

The downlink flow scheduler 604 of Figure 15 B comprises that also the QoS class queue is as follows: 1 grade, and 1564a; 2 grades, 1564b; 3 grades, 1564c; 4 grades, 1564d; 5 grades, 1564e; With 6 grades, 1564f; With the MAC downlink subframe: frame n, 1568a; Frame n+1,1568b; Frame n+2,1568c; Frame n+3,1568d; ... frame n+p, 1568k.

In one embodiment, downlink flow scheduler 604 physics be positioned at wireless base station 302, but those skilled in the art will recognize that identical functions can be positioned at the place away from wireless base station 302.

Downlink flow scheduler 604 is used for the schedule downlink subframe.Entire frame can be divided uplink portion (being called uplink sub-frames) that is paired in the transmission uplink frame and the downlink portion (being called downlink subframe) that is used to transmit descending chain circuit frame.

Figure 15 B also illustrates WAP antenna, wireless medium 290d, RF transceiver user antenna 292d, user CPE station 294d and teller work station 120d.WAP antenna 290d and RF transceiver user antenna 292d provide the wireless connections between wireless base station 302 (being arranged in an embodiment at this downlink flow scheduler 604) and the user CPE station 294d respectively, and it can transmit IP and flow to the application that moves on the 120d of teller work station.WAP antenna 290d serves as the radio network gateway of data network 142, and RF transceiver user antenna serves as the radio network gateway of user CPE station 294d.This connects also shown in Fig. 2 D and the 3B.IP stream QoS grade queued module 1562 receives the grouping that presents parts 1508 from IP stream.1562 of modules produce class queue 1564a-1564f, and it is the formation of variable number, and grouping is placed in these class queues.Determine by the input of module 1562 how grouping prevents terminating in class queue 1564a-1564f.

Module 1562 can receive from the input based on multistage priority processor module 1574, VPNDEN tables of data 1572 and service-level agreements (SLA) priority data table 1570.The queuing capability of module 1562 can be imported according to these.

SLA priority data table 1570 can utilize the reservation service layer protocol of particular customer to influence queuing capability.Client can for example be provided higher-quality telecommunications service to receive this extra charge service by paying additional money.Algorithm in module 1562 operations can increase the queuing priority that is sent to these customer informations.

VPN(Virtual Private Network) is enabled catalogue networking (DEN) tables of data 1572 can be the prioritization VPN of the company predetermined quality of service of payment VPN function.Those skilled in the art can be interpreted as private network with VPN, the distribution that the network bandwidth that comprising is provided by telco service provider guarantees.VPN DEN tables of data 1572 allows module 1562 that the more VPNs of client's purchase of high quality-of-service is provided.According to SLA priority data table 1570, can increase queuing priority for this VPNs.For example, the lowest priority IP of platinum layer VPN stream grade can also award the higher priority than high priority layer of brass VPN.

SLA priority data table 1570 and VPN DEN tables of data 1572 receive from operation, management, keep and supply (OAM﹠amp; P) input of module 1108.This is the module that keeps off-line, comprises storage and revises about new client's management information or upgrade information about the existing customer.For example, client's SLA priority and VPN information are from OAM﹠amp; P module 1108 is upgraded.

Based on multistage priority processor module 1574 are the modules of operating under based on multistage queuing principle.Set up by Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson based on multistage queuing, they are considered to the early stage designer in the Internet.

Utilize tree structure classification IP stream dissimilar of edge access device router based on multistage queuing.The different brackets of each the symbol IP of branch stream of this tree, each grade is exclusively used in one group of limited amount of bandwidth.In this way, be the stream assurance lowest-bandwidth of different brackets, therefore the single grade of the IP traffic of the list of a class inside and IP stream all can't use up all available bandwidth.The present invention increases the prioritization feature that permission reserves based on the priority of grade and utilizes the multi-queue notion to make, and discusses with reference to Figure 13 and 14 as top.

MAC downlink subframe scheduler 1566 is the processor modules that adopt the grouping of lining up among the class queue 1564a-1564f, and carries out frame slot according to priority 1 570,1572 and 1574 and reserve to fill subframe 1568a-1568k, and it is variable frame number.In one embodiment, each subframe is dispatched (filling) grouping up to predetermined number according to priority 1 570,1572 and 1574 from each grade 1564a-1564f.Reserve when in another embodiment, the of the present invention leading preservation algorithm scheduling subframe of describing according to reference Figure 13 and 14 is used for waiting.In another embodiment, according to the combined schedule subframe of known method and the leading preservation algorithm method of the present invention.

Subframe sends to WAP antenna 290d then, be used for being wirelessly transmitted to the RF transceiver user antenna 292d that is connected with user CPE station 294d by wireless medium, WAP antenna 290d can send to teller work station 120d at CPE customer location 306d with being included in grouping in the subframe.Subframe can be dispatched to lowest priority from limit priority.

Receive the subframe input of dispatching and transmitting from WAP antenna 290d based on multistage priority processor module 1574.By the attention (that is, sending by learning which grouping) that keeps Packet State, HCBP processor module 1574 is known which grouping that must dispatch class queue 1564a-1564f.

Once in a while, meeting in group is lost by for example noise.When this situation occurred, user CPE station 294d sent re-send request may 1576 to WAP 290d, and it sends a request to link-layer acknowledgment (ARQ) processor 1578.ARQ processor 1578 notice MAC downlink subframe schedulers 1566 these situations, the request grouping that scheduler 1566 reschedules from suitable class queue 1564a-1564f is used for retransmitting.Link-layer acknowledgment ARQ processor 1578 is also waited for the positive acknowledgement from user CPE station 294d, correctly receives with the determination data grouping.Only after receiving sure confirmation of receipt, MAC downlink subframe scheduler 1566 is deleted this grouping from class queue 1564a-1564f.

Each user CPE station 294d has limited amount internal memory and can be used for receiving packet in the IP stream.(when for example, teller work station 120d) equipment stopped to receive IP traffic (for example, teller work station 120d descends), the CPE data packet queue among the CPE subscriber station 294d can be filled fast for example ought to be connected to user CPE station 294d.In this scheme, user CPE station 294d transmits 1580 these formations of expression of CPE IP flow queue depth information and fills up, and this information can be received by CPEIP flow queue degree of depth condition handler 1582.CPE queue depth processor 1582 notice MAC downlink subframe schedulers 1566 these situations, scheduler 1566 stops to dispatch the downlink subframe of directed towards user CPE station 294d.Processor 1582 can also send information to MAC downlink subframe scheduler 1566 to refresh the special IP stream from class queue 1564a-1564f.

H. uplink sub-frames prioritization

1. general introduction

Figure 16 A and 16B are the example logic flow charts that is used for up link.This logic flow belongs to the shared wireless bandwidth of analyzing and dispatching the IP stream of packets, from the teller work station 120d that is connected to user CPE station 294d, by the wireless medium transmission up to the wireless base station 302, and through data network 142 is used to be transferred to destination host workstation1 36a.Figure 16 A is the example logic flow chart 1600 that is used for uplink flow IP analyzer 632.Figure 16 B is the example logic flow chart 1660 that is used for uplink flow scheduler 634.

The functional unit of Figure 16 A and 16B explains via the method module, and they can be regarded as physical location (for example, comprising software, hardware or its combination) or logical bearer (for example, only be used to explain purpose).Those skilled in the art will recognize that these modules only are used to explain exemplary embodiment, and do not think restriction.

The example logic flow chart 1600 that is used for the up link IP stream analyzer 632 of Figure 16 A comprises that packet header identification component 1602, grouping feature presentation component 1604, grouping classification element 1606 and IP stream present parts 1608.The function of these assemblies is explained below in detail.

In one embodiment, up link IP stream analyzer 632 physics be positioned at wireless base station 302, but those skilled in the art will recognize that identical functions can be positioned at the place away from wireless base station 302.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the function of IP stream analyzer 632 is carried out at user CPE station 294d, and the expectation up link is reserved time slot and is used for uplink packet/IP stream up to the base station 302.The classification of IP flow identifier, grouping number and IP stream that reservation request grouping (RRB) request is detailed can be set up by IP stream analyzer 632, preferably be used in up link, be used in the wireless base station 302 by up link frame scheduler 634 scheduling uplink sub-frames time slot in the future through contention RRB time slot.

Fig. 2 D, 3A and 3B help reader understanding's up link IP stream analyzer.

2. foreword

The function that IP stream analyzer 632 is carried out to a up link frame scheduler 634 and discerned, packet was explained, classified, presents to feature.The function that packet was explained, classifies and presented to identification, feature presents parts 1608 execution by packet header identification component 1602, grouping feature presentation component 1604, grouping classification element 1606 and the IP stream of up link IP stream analyzer 632 respectively.

Packet header identification component 1602 determines that whether the grouping of input IP stream is system's known (that is, whether being existing IP stream) or is not first packet of a new IP traffic, and determines that according to the stem part field of this grouping information source uses.Identification 1602 can comprise buffering packets and extract and this header contents of syntactic analysis.The packet (new IP information source is used) that the statement of grouping feature presentation component 1604 features is new, the user CPE that will receive this IP stream with qos requirement and identification according to definite this IP information source application of information source application stands.Grouping classification element 1606 is categorized into new IP traffic one of a plurality of priority levels.Classification 1606 can comprise the grouping that for example marshalling has similar qos requirement.IP traffic presents the new IP traffic of 1608 initialization and it is presented to uplink flow scheduler 634.

Each user CPE station 294d attempts when uplink direction is communicated by letter with wireless base station 302, and it asks reservation by RRB being inserted uplink sub-frames.Up link frame scheduler 634 scheduling reservation request and notify CPE station 294d to reserve in the future uplink sub-frames then.In down link signal, the uplink flow scheduler 634 that preferably is arranged in wireless base station 302 transmits at a special frame in future reserves time slot, is used for requirement user CPE station 294d and transmits its uplink data.Uplink flow scheduler 634 distributes this reservation according to downlink flow scheduler 604 in the identical parameter that down link uses.In other words, uplink flow scheduler 634 is determined this reservation time slot according to the formation level priority with according to one group of rule, dispatches this reservation, is used to utilize the uplink transmission of for example leading preservation algorithm from user CPE station 294d.By from based on input, the Virtual Private Network ~ EN VPN of multistage priority processor module 1674 to uplink flow scheduler 634) (DEN) tables of data 1672 and service-level agreements (SLA) priority data table 1670 of enabling catalogue determine these rules.With reference to Figure 14 this leading preservation algorithm has been described.

3. identification

The IP stream that packet header identification component 1602 is received from user CPE station 294d according to the header contents identification of grouping.

Stream of packets, the grouping (that is each relevant IP stream of " calling " with single) that also is called from a plurality of IP streams is received at packet header identification component 1602.IP stream in one embodiment is sent to user CPE station 294d from one or more teller work station 120d, is used for up link to the master computer 136a that is connected to wireless base station 302 by data network 142.User CPE station 294d can transmit the packet buffer module 1610 of the packet of IP stream to packet header identification component 1602.In one embodiment, packet header identification component 1602 is in CPE subscriber station 294d inside.In module 1610, the buffering of packets of receiving is used to be transferred to stem extraction module 1620 in the memory block.In module 1620, extraction and syntactic analysis packet header file are so that obtain the content of packet header field.

Relevant field can comprise for example information source, destination, COS (TOS) and differentiated services D iffserv) mark, if present.

For the known IP stream of this system, in existing IP stream Identification Lists 1626, inlet is arranged.If recognized the previous grouping of the IP stream of existing IP data call, then IP stream is in this system.In module 1622, determine between the inlet of input IP stream and table 1626, whether have coupling.If then this IP streaming system is known, and control is sent to the module 1630 of grouping feature presentation component 1604.

If this IP stream is not the known existing stream of this system, represent that then this IP stream is new IP stream, then control is sent to module 1624, analyzes packet header field at this and uses with the information source of identification IP stream.

Packet header analysis module 1624 determines to generate the information source application type of this IP stream from information source application packet stem table 1628.Application can be any with reference to Fig. 2 D description or the next known application type of those skilled in the art.Example comprise from the file transfer protocol (FTP) of another client workstation 138f (FTP) download, from the speech phone call facsimile machine of caller 124d (connecting) by modulator-demodulator call out with from a plurality of caller 124d and the 126d videoconference of (being connected) by modulator-demodulator, or the like.If IP stream is new IP stream, then the identification information about this new IP stream is added in the table 1626, and control is sent to the module 1632 of grouping feature presentation component 1604 from analysis module 1624.

4. feature statement

Grouping feature presentation component 1604 features are explained this IP stream and are sent to grouping classification element 1606 and are used for classification.

If this IP stream is existing IP stream, then controls from the module 1622 of packet header mark component 1602 and be sent to module 1630.If determine that in module 1622 the IP traffic system is known, then determine grouping whether always (that is, outmoded) in module 1630.This for example can comprise from life span field (field of IP packet header) determines the grouping life-span, and relatively this field and thresholding life value.If it is outmoded that this grouping is defined as, then deletion.Module 1630 can estimate that application packet is discarded.Control the module 1640 that is sent to grouping classification element 1606 from module 1630 then.

If this IP stream is new, then controls from the module 1622 of packet header mark component 1602 and be sent to module 1632.If determine that in module 1624 using this relevant application system with IP stream does not know, then search the qos requirement of determining the application relevant in the module 1632 with IP stream in IP stream qos requirement.Module 1632 should be used for carrying out this operation by searching in the IP stream qos requirement table 1634.Different application has different requirements.For example, allocated bandwidth (that is, distributing suitable amount of bandwidth) is very important to the application of carrying out the download of FTP remote transmission, rather than shake (that is, receiving the time synchronized of data) and the stand-by period (that is the time quantum in past between the response).On the other hand, shake and wait for and to voiceband telephone with videoconference is very important and allocated bandwidth is just inessential.

After module 1632 was handled, control was sent to module 163b.Search in the module 1636 in CPE subscriber station identifier (ID), execution user CPE ID searches and is used for new IP traffic.Each user CPE station 294d can have one or more application that move and that belong to it on one or more teller work station 120d.Accordingly, one or more users can produce or receive from or the IP stream that points at user CPE station 294d.Teller work station 120d can be any equipment that links to each other with user CPE station 294d.Module 1636 is inquired about the CPE station identifier in table 1638, so that provide CPE ID in reservation request grouping (RRB).Control is sent to the module 1648 of grouping classification element 1606 then from module 1636.

5. classification

Grouping classification element 1606 classification IP stream also is sent to IP stream with it and presents parts 1608 and be used to present.

For existing IP stream, control is sent to module 1640 from the module 1630 of grouping feature presentation component 1604.If in module 1630, determine that grouping is not outmoded, then should grouping flow relevant with its IP in module 1640.Shown in Figure 16 A, the grouping of Chu Liing here is defined as the part of the known IP stream of system.Therefore, module 1632,1636 and 1642 QoS handle and there is no need, because the qos requirement of current group flows identical with its IP.

For new IP stream, control is sent to module 1642 from the module 1630 of grouping feature presentation component 1604.In module 1642, grouping is classified or is grouped into by carrying out searching of IP stream qos requirement table 1644

The QoS grade,, in of the qos requirement storage of this QoS grade according to grouping.From module 1642, control is sent to the module 1648 that IP stream presents parts 1608.

6.IP stream presents

IP stream presents parts 1608 preparations and presents the IP stream packets to downlink flow scheduler 634.In an embodiment of uplink direction, reservation request grouping (RRB) is set up and up link arrives wireless base station 302 through contention slots, is used for by 634 scheduling of IP stream scheduler.In another embodiment, scheduler is positioned at CPE station 294d, does not therefore need reservation request.

For existing IP stream, control is sent to module 1646 from the module 1640 of grouping classification element 1640.In module 1646, grouping is added to relevant existing IP flow queue, and it is the formation of current existing IP stream.In one embodiment, this can comprise preparation RRB.From module 1646, control is sent to the module 1662 of uplink flow scheduler 634.In one embodiment, this can comprise from the up link of CPE 294d RRB of 302 to the wireless base station.

For new IP stream, control is sent to module 1648 from the module 1642 of grouping classification element 1606.In initialization IP flow module 1648, the new IP stream of initialization is used to present to module 1652.Module 1652 is presented to IP traffic (particularly, reservation request data block grouping) module 1662 of uplink flow scheduler 634.In module 1650, the QoS grade of this IP stream is presented to scheduler 634, preferably includes RRB.

7. uplink flow scheduler

The example logic flow chart that is used for the uplink flow scheduler 634 of Figure 16 B comprises IP stream QoS grade queued module 1662, MAC uplink sub-frames Scheduler module 1666, based on multistage priority processor module 1674, VPN DEN tables of data module 1572, SLA priority data table 1570, CPE 16BP flow queue degree of depth condition handler 1682 and link-layer acknowledgment processor module 1678.

The uplink flow scheduler 634 of Figure 16 B comprises that also the QoS class queue is used for 1 grade, 1664a; 2 grades, 1664b; 3 grades, 1664c; 4 grades, 1664d; 5 grades, 1664e; With 6 grades, 1664f; With the MAC uplink sub-frames: frame N1668a; Frame n+1,1668b; Frame n+2,1668c; Frame n+3,1668d ... frame n+p, 1668k.

In one embodiment, uplink flow scheduler 634 physics be positioned at wireless base station 302, but those skilled in the art will recognize that identical functions can be positioned at the place away from wireless base station 302.For example, in another embodiment, uplink flow scheduler 634 can be positioned at CPE station 294d and communicate by letter with wireless base station 302 with other CPE station 294.

Uplink flow scheduler 634 is used for the scheduling uplink subframe.Entire frame can be divided uplink portion (being called uplink sub-frames) that is paired in the transmission uplink frame and the downlink portion (being called downlink subframe) that is used to transmit descending chain circuit frame.Figure 16 B illustrates WAP antenna, wireless medium 290d, RF transceiver user antenna 292d, user CPE station 294d and teller work station 120d.WAP antenna 290d and RF transceiver user antenna 292d provide the wireless connections between wireless base station 302 (being arranged in an embodiment at this uplink flow scheduler 634) and the user CPE station 294d respectively, and it can flow from the up transmission of the application that moves at client computer 120d IP.WAP antenna 290d serves as the radio network gateway of data network 142, and RF transceiver user antenna 292d serves as the radio network gateway of user CPE station 294d with these IP stream packets data of up link.Data-interface 320 also is shown among Figure 16 B, and it provides from uplink flow scheduler 634 and sends through data router 140d of data network 142 of up link IP stream packets and being connected of through destination master computer 136a.These connect also shown in Fig. 2 D and the 3B.

Former frame comprises the up link reservation request that the wireless base station is received from user CPE station 294d.At this moment, the reservation request grouping is identified, feature is explained, classifies and presented, and is preferably in CPE station 294d, and is sent to uplink flow scheduler 634 from the up link stream analyzer 632 of CPE 294d.Particularly, the reservation request grouping is presented to IP stream QoS grade queued module 1662 from module 1650.Module 1662 notice MAC uplink sub-frames schedulers 1666 should be reserved.

Conversely, MAC uplink sub-frames scheduler 1666 utilizes a time slot of this subframe to acknowledge receipt of the request of confirming that request grouping (ARB) is called out.What be used for this reservation transports the used exemplary time slot of frame, time slot and IP flow identifier with reference to describing Figure 12.Scheduler 1666 is reserved at this and is transmitted the CPE identification data in time slot, and request user CPE station 294d future time slot and frame allow to be used for the up link of request data packet IP flow transmission.

For example, according to time slot in future from distributing the frame in future based on multistage priority processor module 1674, VPN DEN tables of data 1672 and service level agreement (SLA) priority data table 1670.These parts serve as in a similar fashion based on multistage priority processor module 1674, VPN DEN tables of data 1672 and service level agreement (SLA) priority data table 1670, and just E such as reference Downlink scheduler 604 is described.

Receive the grouping that existing or new IP flows when IP stream QoS grade queued module 1662 presents module 1608 from IP stream, it sets up class queue 1664a-1664f then, and it is variable number of queues, and these groupings are placed in these class queues.In a preferred embodiment, 3 to 10 grades are arranged.These formations comprise that the reservation request grouping is used for scheduling.The content that grouping is divided into groups according to reservation request is placed into and is used to be input to module 1662 among the class queue 1664a-1664f.

Module 1662 receives from the input based on multistage priority processor module 1674, VPN DEN tables of data 1672 and service level agreement (SLA) priority data table 1670.The queuing capability of module 1662 is based on these inputs.These functions of components are similar to the homologue of down link stream scheduling method.SLA priority data table 1670 and VPN DEN tables of data 1672 receive from operation, management, keep and supply (OAM﹠amp; P) input of module 1108.OAM﹠amp; P module 1108 provides the renewal to priority, for example works as the user and changes service-level agreements or VPN reservation.

The request that MAC uplink sub-frames scheduler 1666 adopts in class queue 1664a-1664f queuing, and the time slot reservation among the scheduling frame 1668a-1668k, it is variable frame number.In one embodiment, dispatch each frame, up to predetermined number restriction or percentage limit from each grade 1664a-1664f grouping.These requests can be dispatched as shown in figure 13, consider particular priority.In another embodiment, according to leading preservation algorithm scheduling frame according to the present invention, the service of type when being used to dispatch with reference to the described grade of Figure 14.In another embodiment, according to the combined schedule frame of existing method and leading preservation algorithm of the present invention.

Reserve timeslot scheduling and for example utilize then that the 1236g of Figure 12 F and the FDB time slot of 1236h deliver to CPE station 294 downwards.Uplink time slot is inserted into uplink sub-frames as scheduling by CPE station 294d then.Frame slot upwards is sent to wireless base station 302 from CPE station 294d then, is sent to their destination address then as grouping.For example, from the wireless base station 302, grouping can be sent to master computer 136a by data network 142.

After uplink packet was received in wireless base station 302, the user CPE station 294d that wireless base station 302 transmits up affirmation packet (UAB) information back was to acknowledge receipt of the packet of transmission.Once in a while, grouping is lost by other interference in noise or the wireless medium.When this situation occurs, user CPE station 294d determines that it does not receive the UAB data validation, therefore it sends re-send request may through WAP 290d to wireless base station 302, asks another up link to reserve time slot, and WAP 290d transmits the request to link-layer acknowledgment (ARQ) processor 1678.ARQ processor 1678 notice MAC uplink sub-frames schedulers 1666 need to retransmit (that is, needing a frame slot to remain for retransmitting uplink packet in advance).CPE subscriber station 294d can also send about not receiving other data message of uplink transmission affirmation to ARQ processor 1678.ARQ1678 can be transported to uplink sub-frames scheduler 1666 with this information.Uplink sub-frames scheduler 1666 is reserved from the up link that suitable class queue 1664a-1664f reschedules request.Perhaps, in another embodiment, link-layer acknowledgment processor 1678 can also send a sure UAB affirmation to user CPE station 294d and correctly receive to represent this packet.Therefore uplink scheduler 1666 can also repeat for the packet scheduling of losing to reserve except scheduling is reserved for the first time.

Each user CPE station 294d has limited amount memory space and can be used for queued packets, and these divide into groups from teller work station 120d reception and wait for from the reservation time slot of the up link of CPE 294d wireless base station 302.For example when the formation of user CPE station 294d becomes full from the reserve grouping of waiting for up reservation, the IP traffic possibility stale of can losing potentially or divide into groups.In this scheme, user CPE station 294d transmit CPE IP flow queue depth information 1680 to the wireless base station 302 these formations of expression fill up, this information can be by 1682 receptions of CPE IP flow queue degree of depth condition handler.Processor 1682 can notify MAC uplink sub-frames scheduler 1666 these situations, its understands the priority of the IP stream that for example temporarily be increased in user CPE station 294d to overcome savings, perhaps can for example stop to transmit extra downlink packets to CPE station 294d, savings is reduced to acceptable degree once more up to queue depth.Processor 1682 can also send information to MAC uplink sub-frames scheduler 1666, to refresh among the class queue 1664a-1664f reservation request from user CPE station 294d.

4.TCP attached agency

TCP is a kind of reliable transportation protocol, be suitable for congested be to carry out in the legacy network of packet loss main cause.But the network with Radio Link can be lost owing to bit error causes significantly.Wireless environment is violated many hypothesis that TCP makes, and causes the end to end performance of degradation.For example referring to Balakrishnan, H., Seshan, S. and Katz, R.H., " in cellular wireless networks, improve reliable transmission and handover switching performance ", CA, the Berkeley University of California of Berkeley, can be at URLhttp: //www.cs.berkeley.edu/ ~ ss/papers/winet/html/winet.html, by internet access, more directly handle handover and error code in the arrowband wireless environment, the content of incorporating it here into is as a reference.Attempt revising this problem improves TCP and overcomes and come this problem.But the device of neither one viable commercial can overcome this challenge.It all is impracticable needing any solution of change TCP standard operation.

The enhancement mode MAC layer that utilization of the present invention contacts with the attached agency of TCP blocks the request of TCP layer, to handle TCP layer at transmission information source or destination end, be used for improving the TCP behavior in TCP/IP transmission information source and destination, this TCP/IP transmission comprises an intermediary wireless link.Grouping can be waited in line confirmation of receipt in the wireless base station, and local the repeating transmission to overcome the packet loss that is caused by high bit-error can be carried out by Radio Link in the base station.Communication by Radio Link is explained by limited bandwidth, high stand-by period, sporadic high bit-error and temporary transient the disconnection, must and should be used for by procotol handling.

Reliable host-host protocol for example TCP is suitable for traditional wired network.TCP well moves in this network by adapting to congested end-to-end delay that causes and packet loss.TCP by keeping continuous estimation round-trip delay mean value and average deviation and do not receive that by retransmitting any grouping of affirmation provides reliability in being four times in mean deviation.Because the relatively low error rate of wired network, all packet loss are all supposed to be caused by congested.

Exist at wireless environment under the situation of high bit-error characteristic, TCP is as reacting packet loss at cable environment, and promptly it reduced the transmission window size before packet retransmission, starts congested control or avoids the mechanism (for example, starting slowly) and the repeating transmission timer that resets.The unnecessary reduction that these measures cause link bandwidth to utilize, thus performance caused in remarkable deterioration, promptly relatively poor throughput and very high mutual time-delay.

The present invention remains on grouping in the class queue, waits for the confirmation of receipt at user CPE station.Make the wireless base station that the local unacknowledged data time slot of retransmitting is carried out at user CPE station then.

By retransmitting once detecting the affirmation and the execution this locality of losing the duplicate marking packet loss, the wireless base station just can make the sender avoid the intrinsic high bit-error of Radio Link.Particularly low-down communication quality and the temporary transient instantaneous situation that disconnects can conceal the sender.

For the data of transmitting from the CPE subscriber's main station to the wireless base station main frame, detect the grouping that lacks in the wireless base station and be they generation Negative Acknowledgement.Negative Acknowledgement can require this grouping to retransmit from CPE subscriber's main station (sender).The CPE subscriber's main station is handled this Negative Acknowledgement then and is retransmitted the corresponding grouping that lacks.Advantageously, it is unnecessary revising transmitter TCP or receiver TCP, is placed on the MAC layer because the present invention will pay attention to the function of TCP.

Fig. 5 A illustrates flow process 500, the information source TCP of IP stream from subscriber's main station described, be used for transmitting down to protocol stack by the CPE subscriber station, arrive the wireless base station by wireless medium, upwards by protocol stack in the wireless base station, this wireless base station has the attached agency of example TCP, arrives destination host by wired connection with by protocol stack then.Attached TCP agency improve the TCP sliding window algorithm that transmits TCP operation and with based on many media of intelligence access technology (PRIMMA) medium access control (MAC) cooperation, allow to retransmit by wireless medium is local according to the present invention.

Specifically, flow process 500 explanation IP stream of packets by the CPE subscriber station 294d at CPE customer location 306d, arrive wireless base station 302 by wireless transmission medium from teller work station 120d then, and the wire link by data network 142 arrives main workstation1 36a at last.

The attached 510e of agency of TCP guarantees to transmit reliable by the operation that the mode of optimizing the wireless medium window changes the TCP sliding window algorithm that transmits TCP.The attached 510e of agency of TCP does not need to change the standard TCP/UDP layer of client teller work station 120d or main workstation1 36a to being transparent as the industry-standard protocol of acting on behalf of 510c.Flow process 500 comprises that IP stream is from application layer 512a, protocol stack is by TCP/UDP layer 510a downwards, by IP layer 508a, then by point-to-point (PPP) layer 520a, then by data link ethernet layer 504a, then by 10BaseT ethernet network interface card (NIC) physical layer 502a, by being wiredly connected to the 10BaseT Ethernet NIC physical layer 502b of user CPE 294d.

The grouping that user CPE 294d will come in from NIC502b, upwards protocol stack is by ethernet layer 504b, by PPP layer 520b and 520c, downwards by PRIMMA MAC 504c to the radio physical layer 502c that comprises antenna 292d, arrive the antenna 290d of wireless base station 302 then by wireless medium.

Wireless base station 302 flows to the antenna 290d that goes up from physical layer 502d with IP of packet and passes through PRIMMA MAC layer 504d, by PPP layer 520a, to the attached 510e that acts on behalf of of TCP, it can flow to IP down by IP layer 508e, by PPP layer 520e by IP layer 508d, by wide area network (WAN) layer 504e, by wired physical layer 502e, by interface 320, by router one 40d, by data network 142, through being wiredly connected to the wired layer 502f of WAN master's workstation1 36a.

Main workstation1 36a with IP stream from wired layer 502f, upwards by protocol stack, by WAN layer 504f, by PPP layer 520f, by IP layer 508f to TCP/UDP layer 510f and arrival application layer 512f.

TCP/UDP layer 510a and 510f provide this transmitting function, the stream of packets that for example segmentation, management transmission window, rearrangement and request repeat are lost.TCP layer 510a and 510f send the grouping of a window, wait acknowledge or re-send request may then usually.The TCP sliding window algorithm is generally used for changing transport stream and optimizes transmission and when receiving that re-send request may detects rollback when congested to provide.It's a pity that in wireless environment because high bit-error, not every grouping can both arrive the thedestination address, is not because of congested, but because high bit-error, to point out re-send request may to information source from destination IP main frame.Be not to transmit at a slow speed, the attached 510e that acts on behalf of of TCP improves the operation of TCP sliding window algorithm to optimize by wireless operation.The attached 510e that acts on behalf of of PRIMMA MAC layer 504d and TCP interacts, allow the agency to block the re-send request may that for example arrives main frame 136a from the TCP layer 510a of teller work station 120d, and allow the grouping of wireless base station repeating transmission expectation or flow to teller work station 120d, rather than transport re-send request may to main frame 136a, because grouping still can be stored in the PRIMMA 504d formation, and not deleted, up to receiving confirmation of receipt from user CPE.Can be because retransmit according to the present invention in PRIMMA MAC data link layer, promptly layer 2 is carried out, and then retransmits to appear at from the base station to CPE user, does not all retransmit from start to finish and do not need to send source TCP, and this can cause its sliding window algorithm of TCP rollback.Therefore, wireless base station 302 is retransmitted up to receiving affirmation by Radio Link, then can be overcome intrinsic high bit-error, keep best tcp window simultaneously.

Recall, the TCP transmitter transmits the grouping of a TCP sliding window and is detecting the congested size that changes window later on.The TCP transmitter transmits the grouping of a window, waits for the affirmation of receiver then.If transmission is successfully carried out, grouping congested or that lose does not promptly appear, and then transmitter TCP increases transmission rate gradually.The transmission rate that increases continues to detect congested or packet loss up to transmitting TCP.When notifying when congested, transmit TCP and stop to transmit, rollback also sends the grouping of less (that is, less window).

The attached agency of TCP improves normal TCP operation by improving transmission TCP and its transmission window algorithm.The attached agency of TCP is by for example preventing that duplicating re-send request may prevents that transmitter is received the TCP notice and loses, and promptly receives congestion notification.Do not receive this notice because transmit TCP, then it does not change the TCP sliding window and transmits with higher speed continuation.

If real congested, if promptly the attached agency of TCP discerns grouping and very loses, then the attached agency of TCP can allow re-send request may arrive and transmit TCP.This can be favourable realization because MAC link layer of the present invention communicates by letter with higher protocol layer, its is paid attention to using, pays attention to transmission and pays attention to network.In this case, because the MAC layer is a transport layer, PRIMMA MAC layer 504d communicates by letter with the attached 510e of agency of TCP at layer 4.302 groupings that send need send to the wireless transmission confirmation of receipt of CPE subscriber station 294d from the wireless base station because MAC is for each, and MAC layer 504d knows the communication between the TCP layer

For example retransmit request and whether send from the client computer TCP at CPE station because being grouped in of losing wireless transmission is lost or because actual congested.

If PRIMMA MAC 504d does not receive affirmation from 504c, then the PRIMMA MAC 504d of wireless base station 302 can be to the packet content of user CPE station 294d retransmits lost.If the PRIMMA MAC 504c of user CPE station 294d admits to receive and request repeat still, then the congested of reality occurs, and the PRIMA MAC 504d of wireless base station 302 can allow the attached 510e of agency of TCP know that it should allow re-send request may to send to the transmission TCP510f of main workstation1 36a.

Therefore, the attached 510e of agency of TCP of the present invention can improve the operation of TCP sliding window algorithm to the mode of wireless medium the best, and does not need doing any change at receiver and the commercial available TCP layer 510a of transmitter main frame and 510f.In one embodiment, the attached 510e of agency of TCP does not need to change the TCP layer sending (promptly transmitting) main frame or client.In another embodiment, main frame and client TCP layer are not known the attached agency's of TCP operation change, and promptly it is transparent to information source and destination TCP layer.In another embodiment, the attached 510e of agency of TCP blocks the TCP layer of the client computer that is connected to user CPE station and is connected to re-send request may between the TCP layer of main work station of data network.

Fig. 5 B functions flow chart 522 comprises that the attached 510e of agency of TCP carries out the example functional description of out TCP deception function.Referring to Fig. 5 B and 5A, the grouped data that the TCP layer 51 of Figure 52 2 hypothesis transmission main frame 136a has transmitted a window is to teller work station 120d, and wait acknowledge.302 the attached 510e of agency of TCP receives an out TCP information 524 in the wireless base station in Figure 52 2 explanation, and this information 524 sends through user CPE station 294d from teller work station 120d.

In step 526, the TCP header contents of the out TCP information 524 of syntactic analysis is to show the information content that sends to transmission main frame 136a by wireless network from teller work station 120d.

In step 528, determine whether the TCP header contents comprises the duplicate ack information from the CPE station.Reception can be indicated the drop-out in the wireless medium or the congestion problems of a reality from the duplicate ack request of CPE customer location.If in step 528, the TCP grouping determines it is a duplicate ack information, then handles and continues step 532, if not, then handles and continues step 530.

In step 530, define real congestedly, promptly not to attempt the duplicate ack information that causes in the repeating transmission of radio link layer.Therefore, in step 530, TCP information allows not change is sent to the attached 510e of TCP, and can continue the TCP layer 510f by flow process 500 to Fig. 5 A.

In step 532,, then determine whether successfully to transmit grouping because detect duplicate ack in step 528.Through the attached intercommunication execution in step of acting on behalf of between 510e and the PRIMMA MAC layer 504d 532 of TCP.This is the PRIMMA MAC shown in Fig. 4 line 428 and the example of upper-layer protocol interactivity more.PRIMMA MAC layer 504d can discern grouping and whether 302 successfully send to CPE station 294d from the wireless base station, because shown in Figure 15 B, re-send request may 1576 is from receiving MAC downlink subframe scheduler 1566 at the CPE station of link-layer acknowledgment (ARQ) processor 1578 294d, and warning scheduler 1566 is in the grouping of frame 1568 retransmits lost in future.If in step 532, determine that this grouping successfully transmits, then handle and can continue step 530, as mentioned above.If but determine that this grouping does not successfully transmit, and then handles and continues step 534.

In step 534 because grouping successfully transmits, then the attached 510e of agency of TCP can forbid transmitting TCP information 524, because it suppose that this is grouped in the wireless medium and lose.Processing can continue step 536.

Can wait for that at the attached 510e of agency of step 536TCP PRIMMA MAC 504d notice receives the link layer retransmission of lost packets success at link-layer acknowledgment processor 1578.From step 536, processing can continue step 538.

In step 538, one receives the affirmation of PRIMMA MAC 504d link layer retransmission success, then can recover normal TCP information.

At another step (not shown), attached agency of TCP and PRIMMA MAC layer can be provided with the number of retransmission attempts thresholding, if reach thresholding, then handle and can continue the transmission that step 530 allows TCP information not revise.

Fig. 5 C functions flow chart 540 comprises that the attached 510e of agency of TCP carries out the example functional description of squeezing into TCP deception function.

Referring to Fig. 5 C and 5A, Figure 54 0 hypothesis has transmitted a window at the TCP layer 510a that transmits teller work station 120d grouped data is to main frame 136a, and wait acknowledge.302 the attached 510e of agency of TCP receives the TCP information 542 that is input in the wireless base station in Figure 54 4 explanation, and this information sends through data network from main workstation1 36a, is used for being sent to user CPE294d to teller work station 120d by wireless medium.

In step 544, the TCP header contents of the TCP information 542 of syntactic analysis input is to show the information content that sends to transmission teller work station 120d by wireless network from main frame 136a.

In step 546, determine whether the TCP header contents comprises the duplicate ack information from main frame 136a.Reception can be indicated the drop-out in the wireless medium or the congestion problems of a reality from the duplicate ack request of main frame.If in step 546, the TCP grouping determines it is a duplicate ack information, then handles and continues step 550, if not, then handles and continues step 548.

In step 548, define real congestedly, promptly not to attempt the duplicate ack information that causes in the repeating transmission of radio link layer.Therefore, in step 548, TCP information allows not change is sent to the attached 510e of TCP, and can continue the TCP layer 510a by flow process 500 to Fig. 5 A.

In step 550,, then determine whether successfully to transmit grouping because detect duplicate ack in step 546.Through the attached intercommunication execution in step of acting on behalf of between 510e and the PRIMMA MAC layer 504d 550 of TCP.This is the PRIMMA MAC shown in Fig. 4 line 428 and the example of upper-layer protocol interactivity more.PRIMMA MAC layer 504d can discern grouping and whether successfully send to wireless base station 302 from CPE station 294d, shown in Figure 16 B, re-send request may 1676 is from receiving MAC downlink subframe scheduler 1666 at the CPE station of link-layer acknowledgment (ARQ) processor 1678 294d, and warning scheduler 1666 is in the grouping of frame 1668 retransmits lost in future.If in step 550, determine that this grouping successfully transmits, then handle and can continue step 548, as mentioned above.If but determine that this grouping does not successfully transmit, and then handles and continues step 552.

In step 552 because grouping successfully transmits, then the attached 510e of agency of TCP can forbid transmitting TCP information 542, because it suppose that this is grouped in the wireless medium and lose.Processing can continue step 554.

Can wait for that at the attached 510e of agency of step 554 TCP PRIMMA MAC 504d notice receives the link layer retransmission of lost packets success at link-layer acknowledgment processor 1678.From step 554, processing can continue step 556.In step 556, one receives the affirmation of PRIMMA MAC 504d link layer retransmission success, then can recover normal TCP information.

At another step (not shown), attached agency of TCP and PRIMMA MAC layer can be provided with the number of retransmission attempts thresholding, if reach thresholding, then handle and can continue the transmission that step 548 allows TCP information not revise.

5. pay attention to PRIMMA medium access control (MAC) hardware configuration of wireless QoS

Figure 10 describes the embodiment of PRIMMA MAC hardware configuration 1000.Structure 1000 expression data networks 142 are through wired two-way wan interface 320 that is connected to.

Wan interface 320 bi-directional chainings are to bi-directional data frame FIFO 1002, its two-way segmentation and rearrangement (SAR) 1004 and QoS/SLA regulation engine and processor 1008 of being connected to.

Also two-way IP stream damper 1014 and the flash random asccess memory (RAM) 1010 of being connected to of QoS/SLA regulation engine and processor 1008.

SAR 1004 two-way IP stream damper 1014, flash RAM 1010, QoS/SLA regulation engine and processor 1008 and the PRIMA MAC scheduler ASIC 1012 of being connected to.

PRIMA MAC scheduler ASIC 1012 also two-way RF interface 290, static RAM (SRAM) (SRAM) wireless cell buffer 1018 and the IP stream dampers 1014 of being connected to.

6. wireless base station software organization

Figure 11 is the exemplary software organization that is used for the wireless point to multipoint communication system at the center of being grouped into.The software organization of Figure 11 comprises that radio receiving-transmitting unit and RF use concrete integrated circuit (ASIC) module 290, IP current control parts 1102, wan interface management component 1104, QoS and sla management parts 1106, system and OAM﹠amp; P parts 1108, client are paid and login parts 1110, enable catalogue networking (DEN) parts 1112 and wireless base station 320.

IP flow control module 1102 comprises that transferring queued control module 1102a, TCP lead control and grade of service module 1102b, wireless PRIMMA MAC layer engine 1102c and identification of IP stream and analysis module 1102d.

Wan interface management component 1104 comprises WAN Incoming/striking out queuing control module 1104a, wan interface port (for example T1, T3 0C3 port) 1104b, fire compartment wall and security module 1104c and WAN service Shaping Module 1 104d.

" core " of IP current control parts 1102 and 1104 expression systems of wan interface management component, packet transaction, the scheduling of MAC layer, TCP agency and WANI/F controlled function are positioned at herein.Many behavior supports of above-mentioned " non-core " parts and control these core components.

QoS and sla management parts 1106 comprise QoS performance monitoring and control module 1106a, service-level agreements module 1106b, policy management module 1106c and encryption handling module 1106d.

QoS and sla management parts 1106 provide system required data-at-rest, so that normally specific I P stream is grouped into the QoS grade.Generally, in the preproduction phase that this system is installed, the service provider will (long-range) downloads the 294 relevant information of standing with user CPE, comprises SLA, various information based on strategy (for example operating time or message transmission rate tolerance limit peak value) that user CPE stands.Encryption key or " intensity " can also be downloaded, and it can be specific to user CPE station or service provider.

System OAM﹠amp; P parts 1108 comprise that the SNMP that is used for WAP module 1108a acts on behalf of the client, the SNMP that is used for the CPE module acts on behalf of client 1108b and system operation, management, management and supplying module 1108c.

OAM﹠amp; P parts 1108 allow long-range attendant and this system of equipment monitor, control, service, modification and maintenance.The systematicness ergosphere can be monitored automatically, and system trap and tracking can be set.Utilize OAM﹠amp; The remote testing and the service of fixing a breakdown of 1108 controls of P parts can solve customer complaint.The power system capacity boundary can monitor that the WAN that leading feeding additional can occur connects, and causes OAM﹠amp; The automatic trend analysis function of P parts 1108.

The client pays and login module 1110 comprises that counting login and database management module 1110a, affairs inquiry and processing and control module 1110b, paying and counting control module 1110c and user identifies module 1110d.

The client pays and login parts 1110 allow account, paying and the Transaction Information of service provider's reception about system user.For the service provider who pays, can collect according to the system resource of using, accumulating and use data.(for example, video conference, multicast or the like) has special-purpose billing data to collect and send to the service provider for concrete behavior type.These parts are also identified the validity of function operations control system to the user by the user.In case the user is authorized to use this system, is the user who makes new advances by service provider (long-range) and identifies inlet.Equally, the user is the denied access system further, because be in arrears with payment services or other reason.The service provider can also be to system remote inquiry and the concrete relevant affairs of account.

Enabling catalogue networking (DEN) parts 1112 comprises DEN QoS 1112a module DEN management and supplies with the 1112b module, DEN IPSEC module 1112c and IP-based VPN control and administration module 1112d.

DEN parts 1112 allow the service provider to import the relevant information based on the VPN operation of DEN about the user to system.User VPNs needs by " initialization " and " supplys ", so system normally has the system resource of these VPNs to user's distribution, and identification and the operation of these VPNs are provided.The IP stream that is used for appropriate priority is used main users from the data of DEN parts 1112 by system.

Wireless base station support with the center of being grouped into of the present invention is enabled catalogue networking (DEN), MICROSOFT, INTEL and CISCO standard and is used to provide the distribution place normal structure how managing I P flows.The present invention arranges the priority of VPN service to meet light weighting directory access protocol (LDAP) (LDAP can be from WA, and the MICROSOFT of Redmond obtains) mode, and it allows telemanagement, supply and management.The present invention also meets the LDAP version 2.The present invention also observes the X.500 standard and the RFC 1777 of International Telecommunications Union/telecommunications part (ITU/T) issue.

In one embodiment, DEN provides the NM network management based on strategy, the internet security of IPsec compatibility and based on the VPNs of IPsec.The DEN plan of wireless base station 302 and common information model (CIM) 3.0 compatibilities (in case this standard is finalized a text).Wireless base station 302 can be national DEN support and support DEN QoS mechanism based on catalogue, comprise and reserve model (that is RSVP, every stream queuing) and in advance/preferential/difference model (that is, divide into groups mark).DEN network strategy QoS can be planned to support in wireless base station 302, and until DEN finishes, and supports inner QoS and extension of network.

6.IPsec support

Introduce IPsec with reference to Fig. 4 above.IPsec provides the standard method of encrypting grouping.In the vpn tunneling pattern, whole stem can be encoded, and promptly encrypts.For the present invention can realize prioritization with the emphasis QoS at the center of being grouped into, during identification grouping/IP stream, the wireless base station needs can be analyzed the header field content of grouping.Therefore, it is desirable analyzing the unencrypted grouping.

Therefore the present invention's encrypting traffic before transmitting frame by wireless medium really need not utilize IPsec to provide encrypted transmission by Radio Link.Utilize IPsec, IPsec can be used to identify and safe stem and Payload or the just sealing of Payload data in this service provider's expectation.IPsec is integrated in fire compartment wall usually.If the service provider expects to realize the present invention and IPsec, then the present invention should realize that in the fire compartment wall back promptly fire compartment wall can move on to the wireless base station.This allows the stream at base station End IP sec, and it can provide the base stations packet header field.

Figure 17 illustrates that the down link direction comprises the IP stream that IPsec encrypts.Equally, Figure 18 describes the IPsec support of the present invention of uplink direction.

Figure 17 illustrates downlink flow 1700, describe down link direction IP and flow the protocol stack of supporting IPsec from information source host work station 136a, downwards, be used for upwards transmission, and wireless base station 302 by being connected to data network 142, by encryption layer, arrive user CPE 294d by Radio Link then, upwards by protocol stack at user CPE 294d, through is wiredly connected to data network 142 then, upwards arrives at the teller work station, destination of customer location 306d 120d by protocol stack.

Specifically, stream 1700 explanation IP stream of packets by wireless base station 302, arrive teller work station 120d by wireless transmission link to user CPE 294d with by wire link from main workstation1 36a then.

Main workstation1 36a flows to down IP from application layer 1712h, downwards by TCP/UDP layer 1710h, by IP layer 1708h, by selectable PPP layer 1706h, by ethernet layer 1705h, downwards by 10BaseT layer 1702h, by data network 142 to 10BaseT layer 1702g, then upwards by Ethernet 1704g, protocol stack upwards passes through selectable PPP layer 1706g to IP layer 1708g and 1708h, by internet firewall and IPsec security gateway 1706f, downwards by WAN layer 1704f, 142 arrive wired physical layer 1702e to wired layer 1702f to data network downwards.

Wired physical layer 1702e of wireless base station 302 upwards passes through WAN layer 1704e with IP stream protocol stack, by IPsec security gateway 1706e and fire compartment wall to IP network layer 1708e and 1708d, then downwards by encryption layer 1706d, PRIMMA MAC layer 1704d with down to Radio Link, to user CPE 294d.

User CPE 294d upwards passes through MAC layer 1704c with IP stream from the antenna 292d at physical radio layer 1702c, by encryption layer 1706c, by IP layer 1708b and 1708c, down connects to 10BaseT by selecting layer 1706b to connect 1702b to ethernet layer 1704b to 10BaseT then.

Teller work station 120d with on the IP flow direction from 10BaseT layer 1702a, upwards by protocol stack by ethernet layer 1704a, by selecting PPP layer 1706a, by IP layer 1708a, to TCP/UDP layer 1710a with up to application layer 1712a.

Figure 18 illustrates uplink flow 1800, uplink direction IP stream is described from information source TCP at the teller work station 120d of CPE position 306d, the protocol stack that is used to transmit is downwards by connecting the Ethernet of CPE subscriber station 294d, arrive wireless base station 302 by wireless medium, upwards by protocol stack in the wireless base station 302 of supporting IPsec, by being wiredly connected to data network 142, arrive destination host then by protocol stack.

Specifically, stream 1800 explanation IP stream of packets, arrive wireless base station 302 and arrive host work station 136a by wire link at last by wireless transmission medium then by user CPE294d from teller work station 120d.

Flow process 1800 comprises that IP stream is from application layer 1812a, protocol stack is by TCP/UDP layer 1810a downwards, by IP layer 1808a, then by selectable point-to-point (PPP) layer 1806a, then by data link ethernet layer 1804a, then by 10BaseT ethernet network interface card (NIC) physical layer 1802a, by being wiredly connected to the 10BaseT Ethernet NIC physical layer 1802b of user CPE 294d.

User CPE 294d will be from the grouping of NIC 1802b input, protocol stack is upwards by ethernet layer 1804b, by selectable PPP layer 1806b to IP layer 1808b and 1803c, downwards by internet firewall and IPsec security gateway 1806c, downwards by PRIMMA MAC1804c to the radio physical layer 1802c that comprises antenna 292d, by wireless medium, for example RF communication, cable RF and satellite circuit arrive the antenna 290d in the wireless base station 302 of radio physical layer 1802d then.

Wireless base station 302 flow to go up IP of packet from the antenna 290d at physical radio layer 1802d, upwards by MAC layer 1804d, and by IPsec layer 1806d and 1806d, its can pack into grouping and encrypt them.From IPsec layer 1806e, IP stream can pass through data network 142 by WAN layer 1804e with by wired physical layer 1802e downwards.

Wired physical layer 1802f is with protocol stack on the IP flow direction, by WAN layer 1804f, by IPsec security gateway 1806f and fire compartment wall to IP network layer 1808f and 1808g, downwards by selectable PPP layer 1806h, ethernet layer 1804h is downwards by 10BaseT layer 1802g then, by interface 320, by router one 40d, by data network 142, through being wiredly connected to the 10BaseT physical layer 1802h of main workstation1 36a.

Host work station 136a with on the IP flow direction from 10BaseT layer 1802h, upwards by protocol stack by ethernet layer 1805h, by selecting PPP layer 1806h, by IP layer 1868h, to TCP/UDP layer 1810h, up to application layer 1812h.

W. conclusion

Though various embodiment of the present invention described above, be to be understood that they just as an example rather than restriction provide.Therefore, width of the present invention and scope should not limited by any one above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, and should be only according to following claims and equivalent definition.

Claims (33)

1, the method for managing internet protocol IP stack comprises:

The application layer of monitoring described the Internet protocol stack is to detect the quality of service requirement of IP stream; And

In response to the detected quality of service requirement that comprises the IP stream of packet, give a formation in a plurality of formations of the MAC layer of described IP stack with described allocation of packets, wherein said a plurality of formation has the priority of being given, and described priority is used to control data queued and wraps in transmission on the network.

2, read header data according to the process of claim 1 wherein that described monitoring comprises from described packet, wherein said header data is inserted by the application that obtains described IP stream.

3, according to the method for claim 2, wherein said packet comprises the header data that the place, one or more intermediate layer of the other IP stack between described application layer and described MAC layer inserts.

4,, also comprise the packet attribute of revising described packet in response to detected quality of service requirement according to the method for claim 1.

5, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that described network is a wireless network.

6, a kind of method comprises:

The application layer of monitoring internet protocol IP stack is to detect the quality of service requirement of IP stream; And

In response to the detected quality of service requirement that comprises the IP stream of packet, control described allocation of packets and give a plurality of formations in the MAC layer of described IP stack, wherein said a plurality of formation has the priority of being given, and described priority is used to control data queued and wraps in transmission on the network.

7, according to the method for claim 6, wherein said monitoring comprises from described packet reads header data, and wherein said header data is inserted by the application that obtains described IP stream.

8, according to the method for claim 7, wherein said packet comprises the header data that the place, one or more intermediate layer of the other IP stack between described application layer and described MAC layer inserts.

9,, also comprise the packet attribute of revising described packet in response to detected quality of service requirement according to the method for claim 6.

10, according to the method for claim 6, wherein said network is a wireless network.

11, a kind of method comprises:

The application layer of monitoring internet protocol IP stack is to detect the quality of service requirement of IP stream; And

In response to detected quality of service requirement, give packet with service quality rating in the MAC layer of described IP stack.

12, according to the method for claim 11, wherein each service quality rating is mapped to a plurality of to the respective queue in the row.

13, according to the method for claim 12, wherein said a plurality of formations are endowed priority, and described priority is controlled the transmission of packet on network in described a plurality of formation.

14, according to the method for claim 11, wherein said monitoring comprises from described packet reads header data, and wherein said header data is inserted by using.

15, according to the method for claim 14, wherein said packet comprises the header data that the place, one or more intermediate layer of the other IP stack between described application layer and described MAC layer inserts.

16, a kind of method comprises:

In the definite data of the application layer of protocol stack corresponding to Internet Protocol IP stream, described protocol stack also comprises the one or more intermediate layers between MAC layer and described application layer and the described MAC layer, and wherein said data are indications that one or more quality services of described IP stream require;

Give described MAC layer with described data from the vertical communication of described application layer; And

One of a plurality of service quality ratings are given one or more packets in the described IP stream in response to described data in described MAC layer.

17, according to the method for claim 16, also comprise: based on the service quality rating of giving described packet, in described MAC layer described one or more packets are put into one of a plurality of formations, each in wherein said a plurality of formations is associated with one of described a plurality of service quality ratings.

18, according to the method for claim 16, also comprise: will be in described MAC layer scheduling at one or more packets of transmitted over wireless networks, wherein said scheduling is based on the service quality rating of giving described packet.

19,, wherein one of a plurality of service quality ratings are given described one or more packet and comprise according to the method for claim 16:

From described one or more packets each is extracted the data packet header data, and described data packet header data comprise the application layer header data; And

Use the one or more data structures of described data packet header data access will give one of described a plurality of service quality ratings of described one or more packets with identification.

20, according to the method for claim 19, wherein comprise described one or more data structures of writing from described application layer for described MAC layer from the vertical communication of described application layer.

21, according to the method for claim 16, wherein said giving comprises:

Give described IP stream in response to the IP stream that comprises real time data with first service quality rating in described a plurality of service quality ratings; And

Give the 2nd IP that comprises non-real-time data stream with second service quality rating in described a plurality of service quality ratings;

Wherein said first service quality rating has higher priority than described second service quality rating.

22, according to the method for claim 16, wherein said real time data comprises video data.

23, according to the method for claim 16, wherein said real time data comprises voice data.

24, according to the method for claim 16, also be included in described MAC layer and make up the frame for wireless transmission that is used in transmitted over wireless networks, wherein said structure is endowed its packet based on described a plurality of service quality ratings and described a plurality of service quality rating.

25, according to the method for claim 24, wherein said structure comprises that isochronous schedules comprises the packet of Voice ﹠ Video data.

26, according to the method for claim 25, wherein said structure comprises:

Give web data with the allocated bandwidth of first levels of priority; And

The allocated bandwidth of second levels of priority that will be lower than described first levels of priority is to the data of other transmission.

27, according to the method for claim 16, also comprise:

Detect the packet of losing of described IP stream in described MAC layer; And

Again transmit the described packet of losing in described MAC layer.

28, according to the method for claim 27, wherein said one or more intermediate layers comprise transport layer, and wherein said not being transmitted in again carried out under the situation of described transport layer signaling.

29, according to the method for claim 27, wherein said one or more intermediate layers comprise transport layer, and the wherein said described transport layer of configuration that is transmitted in was again carried out before detecting the described packet of losing.

30, a kind of method comprises:

MAC layer at protocol stack receives packet;

Extract the data packet header data in described MAC layer from described packet, described data packet header data comprise the application layer header data; And

Read one or more data structures to give described packet with one of a plurality of service quality ratings in response to described data packet header data in described MAC layer.

31, according to the method for claim 30, also comprise:

Determine to show the data of one or more quality of service requirements of the IP stream that comprises described packet at the second layer of described protocol stack, wherein at least one other layer is included between the described second layer and described MAC layer of described protocol stack; And

Write described data to described one or more data structures.

32, in the device of at least a portion of implementation agreement stack, described protocol stack comprise MAC layer, application layer, and described MAC layer and described application layer between one or more intermediate layers, a kind of method comprises:

Get around described one or more intermediate layer and directly receive one group of data from described application layer in described MAC layer, the one group of data that is wherein received are indications of one or more quality of service requirements of Internet Protocol IP stream; And

One of a plurality of service quality ratings are given packet in the described IP stream in described MAC layer, the wherein said small part that is imparted to is carried out based on the one group of data that is received.

33, a kind of method comprises:

In the definite one group of data corresponding to Internet Protocol IP stream of the application layer of network equipment, wherein said one group of data are indications of one or more quality of service requirements of described IP stream;

Described network equipment is given described MAC layer with described one group of data from described application layer direct communication; And

Wherein said communication makes one of a plurality of service quality ratings give packet in the described IP stream in described MAC layer, and wherein said service quality rating to small part is given based on the described one group of data that receive from described application layer.

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