A kind of Fe-based amorphous alloy material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of amorphous alloy soft magnetic materials, particularly a kind of amorphous alloy soft magnetic materials of making main composition with iron.
Background technology
Non-crystalline material is a kind of novel " superconduction magnetic " material that is born nineteen seventies, non-crystalline material and preparation technology thereof by internationally recognized for being the revolutionary character progress of metallic substance and metallurgical technology, owing to its energy-conserving and environment-protective are described as green material.The main raw material(s) of these amorphous materials is iron, silicon, boron etc., usually adopting makes mother alloy produce amorphous alloy ribbon from the chilling technique of molten state quench solidification, be cast as strip by making it to solidify hastily, the thickness of strip has obtained presenting in the atomic arrangement combination amorphous alloy ribbon of short range order, the unordered characteristics of long-range at last not as good as number of people hair 1/4th.
Compare with traditional alloy material, amorphous alloy material has many particular performances, as excellent magnetism, solidity to corrosion, wear resistance, high strength, high rigidity, high resistance etc.Amorphous alloy material can be in order to substitute soft magnetic materialss such as traditional silicon steel, ferrite, permalloy, the electrical element volume of being made by amorphous alloy is little, in light weight, in circuit, play effects such as energy storage, filtering, anti-electromagnetic interference, can effectively improve the performance and the life-span of electrician, electronics and communication system product, promote the update of electronic product.
For example, in power technology, adopt the substation transformer of amorphous alloy as core material, the comparable silicon steel core transformer with capacity of its open circuit loss reduces by 60%~80%, and energy-saving effect is remarkable; Can reach 50 years the work-ing life of amorphous alloy, and it is the siliconized plate twice in work-ing life, and amorphous alloy strip steel rolled stock can recycle, and reduced the consumption of the starting material and the energy.Wherein Fe-based amorphous alloy material is as the core material of power transformer and high-frequency transformer etc., because of its iron content low, and characteristics such as saturation magnetic flux density and permeability are big, iron-based non-crystalline alloy, for example iron-based non-crystalline alloys such as Fe-B-Si system, Fe-B-Si-C system are widely adopted.
At present, Americanologist is crossed and is used this transformer with the amorphous alloy ribbon preparation, can save nearly 50 * 10 every year
9The open circuit loss of KWH, the economic benefit of energy-conservation generation are about 3,500,000,000 dollars.Simultaneously, reduce the fuel consumption that power consumption has also just reduced generating, thereby reduced such as CO
2, SO
2, discharge of harmful gases amount such as NOx.Thereby amorphous alloy is described as green material again.China is the fastest-rising country of energy expenditure in the world, also is energy scarcity country simultaneously, and the needs for satisfying social sustainable development and preserving the ecological environment develop this novel transformer and seem particularly important.
The amorphous alloy material 1k101 that China is present, its chemical ingredients is Si:5-5.4%, B:2.85-3.05%, surplus is an iron, its technical characteristic is saturation induction density Bs:1.32T, squareness ratio Br/Bs:0.28-0.3, coercivity H: 7.20A/m, permeability um:20-22H/m, core loss: 15W/kg.Wherein saturation induction density and squareness ratio all are lower than the like product standard that U.S. Allied company produces, and core loss is higher than 25% of like product that U.S. Allied company produces.And many shortcomings such as that the amorphous alloy material 1k101 that China produces exists is big such as fragility, poor toughness and workability difference.
For example, publication number is to disclose a kind of iron base amorphous magnetically-soft alloy in the CN1166800C Chinese patent, the chemical ingredients of this material is Fe:81-86%, Co:7-12%, Si:1-3%, B:3-5%, and this material is used to prepare the mutual inductor of motorcycle etc., makes the remanent magnetism of product low.
Publication number is to disclose a kind of magnetically soft alloy material in the CN1266710C Chinese patent, and the chemical ingredients of this material is Co:36-38%, Si:6-15%, B:8-18%, M:2.5-8%, Fe: surplus.M=M1+M2 wherein, M1 include a kind of in Cu, the Ag element, and M2 comprises a kind of in Nb, Mo, Cr, V, the Zr element.This material is high Co magnetically soft alloy material, is mainly used in the mutual inductor of preparation motorcycle etc., and the saturation induction density of product is low.
Publication number is to disclose a kind of Fe based amorphous alloy band in the Chinese patent application of CN1721567A and by its magnetic core that forms, the chemical ingredients of this material consists of Fe
aSi
bB
cM
xOr Fe
aSi
bB
cC
dM
x, wherein M is Cr and/or Ni, and a is 78 to 86 atom %, and b is 0.001 to 5 atom %, and c is 7 to 20 atom %, x is 0.01 to 5 atom %, and d is 0.001 to 4 atom %, is 100 (a+b+c+x) or (a+b+c+d+x).The problem that this amorphous alloy band exists is, belt making process condition height, and the zone face sand hole of making band is many, and quality of strip is difficult to be guaranteed.
Notification number is to disclose a kind of Fe-based amorphous alloy material in the Chinese patent of CN87100412B, this material is the FeBSiC alloy strip, wherein the content of iron is lower than 80% (atom), the summation of boron, silicon and carbon content is greater than 20% (atom), and iron, boron, silicon and carbon content add up to 100% (atom).This amorphous alloy material exists subject matter to be, the carbon content height, and smelting technology requires high, complex process, carbon content instability in the smelting.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of iron-based non-crystalline alloy soft magnetism band and manufacture method thereof at existing problems in the prior art, the comprehensive magnetic property of iron-based non-crystalline alloy soft magnetism band of the present invention significantly improves, core loss with its transformer of making reduces greatly, save the energy, reduced use cost.
For realizing purpose of the present invention, a kind of Fe-based amorphous alloy material is provided according to an aspect of the present invention, comprise the chemical ingredients of following weight part proportioning: Fe:91.0-93.5, Si:5.2-6.6, B:2.5-3.3, Cr:0.05-0.25, Cu:0.010-0.030, C:0.05-0.20.
Wherein, boron derives from industrial ferro-boron, and carbon source is in cast iron powder, and silicon derives from industrial pure silicon, and chromium, copper derive from electrolysis chromium, electrolytic copper respectively, and iron derives from armos iron, industrial ferro-boron and cast iron powder.
Wherein, the weight part proportioning of the chemical ingredients of described Fe-based amorphous alloy material is selected Fe:91.0-92.5, Si:5.3-6.2, B:2.55-3.1, Cr:0.05-0.15, Cu:0.010-0.020, C:0.05-0.15.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned iron-based non-crystalline alloy on the other hand, comprises step: the raw material that will contain above-mentioned chemical ingredients carries out fusion under vacuum state, and removing the gred down in normal pressure afterwards obtains the mother alloy molten steel.
Comprise step in addition: make the mother alloy molten steel under 1340-1380 ℃ temperature, cool off the spray band, make the strip product.
Wherein, the vacuum tightness≤10Pa of vacuum state.
Wherein, raw material comprises pure iron pure iron, electrolysis chromium, pure silicon, ferro-boron, electrolytic copper, makes its order layer-by-layer distribution according to from the bottom to top, and raw material also comprises cast iron powder, when filling with substance can be placed on raw copper above.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned iron-based non-crystalline alloy on the other hand, comprises step: the raw material that will contain above-mentioned chemical ingredients carries out fusion under vacuum state, and removing the gred down in normal pressure afterwards obtains the mother alloy molten steel.
Comprise step in addition: the mother alloy molten steel is tapped when temperature is 1220-1340 ℃, the mother alloy steel ingot is made in cooling, under normal pressure, the mother alloy steel ingot is melt into secondary mother alloy molten steel, makes it cool off the spray band behind the slag in the removal secondary mother alloy molten steel, make the strip product.
Wherein, raw material comprises pure iron, chromium, silicon, ferro-boron, copper, makes its order layer-by-layer distribution according to from the bottom to top.Particularly, raw material also comprises cast iron powder, when filling with substance be placed on raw copper above, the vacuum tightness≤10Pa of vacuum state.
Wherein, secondary mother alloy molten steel being carried out twice slagging-off, is when temperature rises to 1240-1340 ℃ for the first time; Be when temperature rises to 1360-1440 ℃ for the second time.
In the material composition of amorphous alloy material of the present invention, boron is metalloid element, and except that can reducing the critical cooling rate that forms amorphous alloy, its significant feature is the magnetic property that forms amorphous alloy and improve amorphous alloy; Silicon is metalloid element, can reduce the critical cooling rate that forms amorphous alloy, mainly also helps the formation amorphous alloy; Carbon is metalloid element, can improve the saturation induction density of amorphous alloy, and helps the formation of amorphous alloy; Chromium is metallic element, improves the antioxidant property of amorphous alloy and the stress of toughness and release amorphous alloy strip steel rolled stock; Copper is metallic element, impels the fusion of each component more abundant, regulates the magnetic property of boron and the toughness of chromium in forming the amorphous alloy strip steel rolled stock process.
The advantage applies of iron-based non-crystalline alloy band of the present invention is in the following areas:
1) performance index of iron-based non-crystalline alloy band all have significantly improvement.Have high saturation magnetization, squareness ratio, coercive force and permeability; Low core loss, its magnetic property are higher than amorphous alloy strip steel rolled stock domestic and that the U.S. sells at present.
2) composition of Fe-based amorphous alloy band of the present invention is reasonable in design, preparation is simple, the comprehensive magnetic property and the good mechanical property of material, and also workability is good.
3) the batching property of the iron-based non-crystalline alloy band of the present invention preparation is good, fragility reduces, toughness height and lumber recovery height, and lumber recovery reaches more than 90%.
4) the iron-based non-crystalline alloy band applied range of the present invention's preparation, use cost is low.Save the energy, protected environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is done detailed description.
Prepare iron-based non-crystalline alloy band of the present invention and adopt following raw material: armos iron (Wuhan Iron And Steel Co., Ltd, iron level is 99.9%); Industrial pure silicon (Beijing the earth pool woods silicon industry company limited); Ferro-boron (Liaoyang iron processes Tong Xing company limited, boron content is 17%); Chromium (Jinchuan, Gansu chromium industry responsibility company limited); Copper (electrolysis copper work, An Zhou town, Anxin County, Hebei); Cast iron powder (Taiyuan City China Europe produce company limited; Carbon content is 30%).
Embodiment 1
1) prepare pure iron as raw material, pure silicon, ferro-boron, chromium, copper and cast iron powder, the weight part proportioning of chemical ingredients is as follows in the raw material: iron 92kg, silicon 6kg, boron 3kg, chromium 0.2kg, copper 0.02kg, carbon 0.1kg.
Wherein, it is 17% ferro-boron that boron derives from boron content, and carbon source is 30% cast iron powder in carbon content, so iron is the weight sum of iron in technically pure iron, ferro-boron and the cast iron powder.
2) feed, vacuumize, heat
Whole pure iron packed into, and (Xiang Tan motor electric furnace factory produces vacuum smelting furnace; Power 100KW) in, and then order layering pack into chromium, silicon, ferro-boron, copper and cast iron powder raw material, cover vacuum smelting furnace completely, starting mechanical pump vacuumizes vacuum oven, it (is 0 with a normal atmosphere promptly that the relative vacuum degree for the treatment of vacuum smelting furnace reaches 200Pa, vacuum pressure in the smelting furnace is 200Pa with respect to a normal atmosphere) time, start lobe pump, continue to vacuumize, the relative vacuum degree for the treatment of vacuum smelting furnace (is 0 with a normal atmosphere promptly less than 10Pa, vacuum pressure in the smelting furnace with respect to a normal atmosphere less than 10Pa) time, energising heating, vacuum stove.The ascending full power that is increased to gradually of energising power improved once in per 5 minutes, and its beginning power is 20KW, brings up to 50KW, 80KW, 100KW then one by one, melts fully up to raw material.
3) power failure is broken sky, is removed slag
After stopping to switch on 10 minutes, close lobe pump and mechanical pump, broken sky makes the pressure of vacuum smelting furnace reach normal pressure.Remove the slag in the molten steel, making in the molten steel solution does not have solid matter, promptly obtains the mother alloy molten steel.
4) thermometric, casting
The tapping when temperature of mensuration mother alloy molten steel is 1280 ℃, the inclination vacuum smelting furnace at the uniform velocity pours into molten steel in the ingot mold, is cooled to normal temperature, makes the mother alloy steel ingot.
5) secondary smelting
The insulation bag (production of Xiang Tan motor electric furnace factory) of under the normal pressure mother alloy steel ingot being put into 100KW carries out secondary smelting.
The ascending full power that is increased to gradually of energising power improved once in per 5 minutes, and initial power is 20KW, brings up to 50KW, 80KW, 100KW then one by one, melts fully up to the mother alloy steel ingot.
When the mother alloy molten steel temperature of mensuration secondary smelting is 1300 ℃, carries out having a power failure the first time and remove slag, energising continues to be warming up to 1400 ℃ then, has a power failure then to carry out the second time except that slag.Except that the molten steel behind the slag injects the nozzle bag.
6) cooling system band
Is on the high speed rotating copper roller of 600mm with the molten steel that injects the nozzle bag at the diameter of pocket builder, and it is that 20mm, thickness are the amorphous alloy strip steel rolled stock of 30um that width is made in cooling, and it is coiled into the finished product band of 20 gram/dishes.
The performance index of product technologies of gained iron-based non-crystalline alloy band detects as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 2
Prepare pure iron as raw material, pure silicon, ferro-boron, chromium, copper and cast iron powder, make the chemical ingredients that has following weight part proportioning in the raw material: iron 93kg, silicon 6.05kg, boron 2.5kg, chromium 0.15kg, copper 0.02kg, carbon 0.09kg.
In addition, identical with embodiment 1.The performance index of product technologies of gained iron-based non-crystalline alloy band detects as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 3
Prepare pure iron as raw material, pure silicon, ferro-boron, chromium, copper and cast iron powder, make the chemical ingredients that has following weight part proportioning in the raw material: iron 91.0kg, silicon 6.15kg, boron 2.90kg, chromium 0.18kg, copper 0.018kg, carbon 0.12kg.
In addition, identical with embodiment 1.The performance index of product technologies of gained iron-based non-crystalline alloy band detects as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 4
Prepare pure iron as raw material, pure silicon, ferro-boron, chromium, copper and cast iron powder, make the chemical ingredients that has following weight part proportioning in the raw material: iron 93.2kg, silicon 6.45kg, boron 3.01kg, chromium 0.11kg, copper 0.01kg, carbon 0.07kg.
In addition, identical with embodiment 1.The performance index of product technologies of gained iron-based non-crystalline alloy band detects as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 5
Prepare pure iron as raw material, pure silicon, ferro-boron, chromium, copper and cast iron powder, make the chemical ingredients that has following weight part proportioning in the raw material: iron 91.8kg, silicon 5.6kg, boron 3.05kg, chromium 0.05kg, copper 0.02kg, carbon 0.13kg.
In addition, identical with embodiment 1.The performance index of product technologies of gained iron-based non-crystalline alloy band detects as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 6
Prepare pure iron as raw material, pure silicon, ferro-boron, chromium, copper and cast iron powder, make the chemical ingredients that has following weight part proportioning in the raw material: iron 92.6kg, silicon 5.3kg, boron 3.2kg, chromium 0.198kg, copper 0.016kg, carbon 0.11kg.
In addition, identical with embodiment 1.The performance index of product technologies of gained iron-based non-crystalline alloy band detects as shown in table 1.
Reference examples 1
The non-crystaline amorphous metal 2605S-3 that adopts commercially available U.S. Allied-Signal company production is as reference examples 1 of the present invention.The performance index of product technologies of the amorphous alloy strip steel rolled stock of reference examples 1 is as shown in table 1.
Reference examples 2
The non-crystaline amorphous metal 2605S-3A that adopts commercially available U.S. Allied-Signal company production is as reference examples 2 of the present invention.The performance index of product technologies of the amorphous alloy strip steel rolled stock of reference examples 2 is as shown in table 1.
Reference examples 3
The non-crystaline amorphous metal 1k101 that adopts commercially available Chinese Antai Science and Technology Co., Ltd production is as reference examples 3 of the present invention.The performance index of product technologies of the amorphous alloy strip steel rolled stock of reference examples 3 is as shown in table 1.
The performance index of table 1 amorphous alloy detect
|
Saturation magnetization Bs, T |
Squareness ratio Br/Bs |
Coercivity H, A/m |
Permeability (DC), umH/m |
Saturation magnetostriction λ s * 10
-6 |
Core loss P0.2/20k W/kg |
Embodiment 1 |
1.53 |
0.36 |
17.2 |
40 |
24.5 |
11 |
Embodiment 2 |
1.57 |
0.38 |
15.6 |
42 |
23.8 |
9.9 |
Embodiment 3 |
1.68 |
0.33 |
26 |
46 |
26 |
10 |
Embodiment 4 |
1.56 |
0.34 |
18.5 |
44 |
24.6 |
10 |
Embodiment 5 |
1.65 |
0.32 |
24.3 |
48 |
26.8 |
9.2 |
Embodiment 6 |
1.56 |
0.38 |
23 |
43 |
27.3 |
8.6 |
Reference examples 1 |
1.58 |
0.35 |
7.96 |
25 |
27 |
12 |
Reference examples 2 |
1.41 |
0.2 |
6.0 |
43.75 |
20 |
/ |
Reference examples 3 |
1.32 |
0.29 |
7.20 |
21 |
24 |
15 |
Wherein adopt three voltage methods mensuration saturation magnetization Bs, squareness ratio Br/Bs, coercivity H, permeability Br altogether, detecting instrument is the gaussmeter that Shanghai gold magnetic Science and Technology Ltd. produces.Saturation magnetostriction adopts latitude solid GDS-2204 digital oscilloscope in Taiwan to detect; Core loss calculates and draws according to the saturation magnetization of measuring, squareness ratio, coercive force, permeability.
Detected result by table 1 shows:
1, the core loss of the Fe-based amorphous alloy of the present invention preparation is low: compare with the core loss of at present domestic amorphous band (reference examples 3), reduced 26.7-42.7%; The core loss of the amorphous band of the U.S. (reference examples 1) is compared, and has reduced 8.3-28.3%;
2, saturation magnetization height: compare with the saturation magnetization of at present domestic amorphous band (reference examples 3), improved 15.9-27.3%; Compare with the saturation magnetization of the amorphous band (reference examples 2) of the U.S., improved 8.5-19.1%; Compare basically identical with the saturation magnetization of the amorphous band (reference examples 1) of the U.S.;
3, squareness ratio height: compare with the squareness ratio of at present domestic amorphous band (reference examples 3), improved 10.3-31.0%, compare with the squareness ratio of the amorphous band (reference examples 2) of the U.S., improved 60-90%, compare basically identical with the squareness ratio of the amorphous band (reference examples 1) of the U.S.;
4, coercive force height: compare with the coercive force of at present domestic amorphous band (reference examples 3), improved 116.7-261.1%; Compare with the coercive force of the amorphous band (reference examples 2) of the U.S., improved 160-333.3%; Compare with the coercive force of the amorphous band (reference examples 1) of the U.S., improved 96-226.6%;
5, permeability height: compare with the permeability of at present domestic amorphous band (reference examples 3), improved 90.5-128.6%; Compare basically identical with the permeability of the amorphous band (reference examples 2) of the U.S.; Compare with the permeability of the amorphous band (reference examples 1) of the U.S., improved 60-92%.
This shows that compare present homemade amorphous band by the amorphous band that iron-base amorphous alloy material of the present invention is made, its comprehensive magnetic property significantly improves, and compares with the amorphous band of the present U.S., every magnetic property index also has raising in various degree.