CN101501531A - Methods for quantitative lithological and mineralogical evaluation of subsurface formations - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods and processes for determining the lithology as well as the mineralogy are described. According to the methods and processes, well log data measurements from neutron spectroscopy applications and associated tool response parameters are solved using an artificial intelligence system, such as an expert system, which in turn generates an appropriate discriminator and/or compositional model that estimates both general and specific lithology as well as the mineralogy constraints of the subterranean formation being analyzed. The methods exhibit good elemental correlation between conventional methods of lithology and mineralogy determination, and can provide numerous output data, including grain density and porosity data within zones of the formation.

Description

Be used for time quantitative lithology on table stratum and the method for mineral assessment

Cross reference to related application

The sequence number that the application requires to submit on April 19th, 2006 is 60/793,477 U.S. Provisional Patent Application and the sequence number of submitting on June 28th, 2006 are 60/817, the right of priority of 226 U.S. Provisional Patent Application, the content of these two applications is incorporated herein by reference at this.

Technical field

Present disclosure relates generally to the method that is used for determining formation lithology and mineral, relates more specifically to be used to utilize expert system and log data to determine the method for the overall lithology in stratum, specific lithology and mineral.

Background technology

All existed for a long time the so hollow logging tool and the demand of method, promptly its can be provided at preferential direction geo-logical terrain lithology and mineral measurement result, provide not only near boring but also the mineral that go deep into the stratum with the lithology measurement result and all these measurement results with high vertical and lateral resolution are provided.About the quantitative information of reservoir rock lithology and associated minerals all is very important to the production potential of determining specific stratum but also to technology and the commercial decision of making hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation not only.For example, in heat by determining specific stratum and diagenesis history, the definition stratum sedimentary origin (source region) and sedimentary environment and with certain minerals with log well relatedly, exploration geology scholar can use the rock forming mineral information relevant with the stratum to reduce danger in the discovery hydrocarbon process.Stratum mineral information can also be used to estimate the effect of reservoir quality, the effective loss strategy of exploitation and prediction rock-fluid interaction in exploration process, it can be used for design studies and finish strategy in process of production simultaneously, for example drilling mud and the suitably selection of motivational techniques (for example effectively acidifying or fracture are used).

The explanation of formation lithology also is very important, comprises overall with specific.For example, as the function of the degree of depth, the quantitative knowledge of existing lithological composition all is valuable when all each side are explored, assess, produce and finished in evaluation in centering on the stratum of drilling well.For example, suitable application can comprise the phase system structure areal study, estimate the reservoir phase distribution, set up all layers medium clay soil amount of substance, discern deposition or become tiny and marked change in the petrofacies and recovery policy that plan strengthens by characterizing the stratum mineral.

The classic method of determining formation lithology and mineral is used the rock core from pit shaft, usually utilizes X-ray diffraction technology etc. that it is analyzed.But this classic method is very consuming time, and not high for the service efficiency in the exploration applications.Therefore, by using various logging tools,, the various trials of estimation, assessment and explanation time table formation lithology and mineral have been carried out by log data being converted to lithology and/or mineral survey record.

For example, in order to determine the cation exchange capacity (CEC) on this stratum in the selected geologic province, the method for time table original place, the stratum inspection that having proposed is used for being holed penetrates.Utilize the gamma ray well logging of nature, developed that relate to total gamma radiation on the function and relate to potassium, uranium and thorium can be with the signal of radiation.According to these methods, can be by determining the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of rock core sample to determine funtcional relationship with the selected parameter association that provides by the gamma ray spectrum instrument.So, in the identical and peripheral region in the follow-up boring cation exchange capacity (CEC) on stratum can come the original place to determine by using natural gamma rays spectrometer and these relations of setting up.But, because it is reported, cation exchange capacity (CEC) is relevant with the element that usually has very little holotopy with clay or other class gel mineral, and its medium clay soil or other class gel mineral have been stipulated cation exchange capacity (CEC), so this technology seems to have limited purposes.

Other method described in the prior provides as quantification and the characterization of drilling depth function to the stratum mineral content.According to these methods, the element data that obtains from logging tool can be input to element-mineral conversion mathematical operation, for example utilize the matrix of multivariate statistical analysis method institute structural type, so that determine the amount of at least a or multiple essential mineral in institute's evaluation of earth formations.According to mineral quantity information and basic log data, can predict or guess the stratum mineral.Other correlation technique and relevant apparatus proposed to be used to utilize the gamma ray spectrum art, utilize and take from boring and determine that the method and apparatus of formation lithology, the analysis that wherein utilizes least square spectrum simulation process to carry out determine to suppose the relative element interaction that is present in chemical element in the unknown stratum and to the effect from the measured spectrum on stratum by the inelastic scattering gamma ray spectrum that least square spectrum simulation process is analyzed.In some report,, can also determine calibration estimation, from its more information that can also obtain or theorize about formation lithology from the element flexing load of measured thermal capture gamma ray spectrum based on the calibration inelastic buckling load of selected element.

Recently, proposed to be used to quantize to center on the several method of the formation lithology composition of holing.This method relates generally to from the structure of two or more lithological composition models of the known log data that is used for the stratum and the subsequent combination of model, so that determine to have by the upper limit of pure composition model definition with by the scope of the possible solution of the lower limit of proportional mixture model definition, allow the Cmax of any lithological composition between 0% to 100%, to change thus.

At the mineral estimation other the report [SPWLA 33 by people such as Harvey ^RdAnnual Logging Symposium, pp.1-18 (1992); With Core-Log Integration, Geological Society (London), Vol.136:pp.25-38 (1998)] and people [Society of Petroleum Engineers.SPE paper No.16792, pp.447-460 (1987) such as Hertzog; SPE Formation Evaluation, Vol.4, pp.153-162 (1989)] report.Several in these technology have described the use of the natural gamma spectrum on the direct activation on employed pulsed neutron equipment, stratum in the lasting well logging that obtains stratum essential element chemical property and stratum.These instruments and method provide the measurement that silicon, aluminium, titanium, iron, calcium, potassium, sulphur and micro-gadolinium, thorium and uranium is also had hydrogen and chlorine.Essential element is providing almost complete essential element oxide analysis to the conversion of more general oxide form towards downward each the measured depth interval of boring.But the elemental composition of rock is the theme of the whole bag of tricks to the conversion of mineral and lithology set, from linear programming and genetic algorithm to the minimized digital model of for example least square.

For example, be used for quantizing having obtained limited success to the mineral mapping algorithm in most of chemical constitution of representing rock about its mineral from the element of the mineral of down-hole nuclear spectrum element data.More specifically, because the mineral of rock matrix comprise many identical elements in its crystal structure, so only utilize chemistry or come descend definitely in the lithostratigraphy mineral in silicon ore deposit for example and the quantification type method of not understanding existing mineral in advance can cause relating to the problem of the not exclusive scheme that causes owing to the composition collinearity and [sees based on the method for chemistry, Harvey, P.K. etc., Developments in Physics, Vol.122:pp.141-157 (1997); And Lofts, J.C. etc., Nuclear Physics, Vol.8:pp.135-148 (1994)].This challenge can cause the relatively poor estimation to those phases with similar component again, and this can cause quantizing the mistake of other phase time in the rock again, and this is the individual problem that each quantizing process is exponential amplification.Especially, have been found that and utilize element that traditional least square method etc. carries out to be subject to the collinearity influence to the conversion of mineral, making them quantize for mineral is insecure [Chakrabarty, T. etc. basically, J.Can.Petroleum Technology, Vol.36:pp.15-21 (1997)].

In addition, many existing logging tools and method, for example at these concise and to the point those that describe, can not provide around enough the penetrating of the geo-logical terrain of boring, and that this provides the indispensable concrete geological information that many logging operation person and analysts expect is necessary.In addition, many existing logging tools are not directed, and the resolution of measuring also is limited, particularly enter the darker place of geo-logical terrain.In addition, and might be prior, be used for descending definitely the existing method of lithology and/or mineral to be based on the mineral of at first determining the stratum, attempt definite or lithology is related with mineral then.But this is very limited, can convert very wrong rock signature to because determine the mistake (for example mistake that can take place) in the mineral process in essential element being transformed into more general oxide form process.

Present patent application discloses and has been used to utilize artificial intelligence system to determine the method for stratum mineral according to the stratum lithology data, and wherein artificial intelligence system is used the elements are contained result who obtains from the subsurface tool that comprises pulsed neutron equipment to generate can be used to define around the overall lithology in stratum of pit shaft or boring similarly, is specific lithology and is the algorithm of mineral at last then.

Summary of the invention

In embodiments of the present invention, described the method that is used for determining to center on the formation lithology of holing on ground, wherein this method comprises: pass this ground boring with the logging system that comprises neutron source; Utilize this logging system to obtain concentration of element and element oxide data from the stratum; Generation comprises the series of algorithms of artificial intelligence system; Generate overall lithological composition model; And generate specific lithological composition model, so that from becoming sub-model layer lithology definitely.According to the each side of this embodiment, neutron source is electronic impulse neutron source, and it can also comprise gamma-ray source alternatively.Further according to the each side of this embodiment, artificial intelligence system is selected from and comprises following group: neural network, the system based on genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic system, cluster analysis system and combination thereof.

Further according to the each side of this embodiment, overall lithological composition model comprises determining grit, shale, carbonate (comprising lime stone and pierite), evaporitic rock, coal and combination thereof.In the additional aspect of this embodiment, can generate specific lithological composition model, can utilize this specific lithological composition model to determine then around the specific lithology on the stratum of ground boring.Confirmable specific lithology comprises quartz, feldspathic sandstone, stone matter lithic sandstone, hazel, calcium carbonate quartz, lime feldspar matter sandstone, muriacite matter lime stone, calcareous muriacite, arenaceous shale, calcareous shale and combination thereof.

In another embodiment of the invention, described and be used for determining that wherein this method comprises around the formation lithology of ground boring and the method for mineral: passed this ground with the logging system that comprises neutron source and hole; Utilize this logging system to obtain concentration of element and element oxide data from the stratum; Generation comprises the series of algorithms of artificial intelligence system; Generate overall lithological composition model; Generate specific lithological composition model; And according to the definite mineral that center at least a portion stratum of this ground boring of at least a portion that becomes sub-model.According to the each side of this embodiment, neutron source is electronic impulse neutron source, and it can also comprise gamma-ray source alternatively.Further according to the each side of this embodiment, artificial intelligence system is selected from and comprises following group: neural network, the system based on genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic system, cluster analysis system and combination thereof.

In another embodiment of the invention, the process that is used for producing from the stratum hydrocarbon materials has been described, wherein this process comprises: the pit shaft that extends through at least a portion stratum is provided; The conduit that is communicated with nytron deposits yields band fluid in this stratum is provided; Pass pit shaft with logging equipment; Utilize this logging equipment to measure around at least one parameter on the stratum of pit shaft; Utilize expert system to determine around the overall lithology at least a portion stratum of pit shaft; Reach from the generation band generation hydrocarbon flowing material on the stratum that centers on pit shaft.According to the each side of this embodiment, logging equipment can comprise pulsed neutron source, gamma-ray source or its combination.In this embodiment many-sided, determined overall lithology comprises grit, shale, carbonate (pierite and lime stone), evaporitic rock, coal and combination thereof.

Description of drawings

This patent file comprises the accompanying drawing that at least one colour is made.The copy that this patent has color drawings will be provided with the payment of necessary expenses according to demand by Patent ﹠ Trademark office.

The following drawings constitutes the part of this instructions, comprises that it is in order further to prove particular aspects of the present invention.By with reference to one or more in these accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the specific descriptions of specific implementations given herein, the present invention may be better understood.

Fig. 1 has illustrated the well logging apparatus of the pit shaft that is arranged in earth penetrating.

Fig. 2 A has illustrated the general flow chart of summarizing the method that is used to set up stratum mineral.

Fig. 2 B has illustrated and has been presented at the illustrated process flow diagram that is used to set up the method details of stratum mineral among Fig. 2 A.

Fig. 3 has illustrated that demonstration is used for SiO ₂, MgO and CaO the ternary diagram that occurs simultaneously of standardized value guideline.

Fig. 4 has illustrated the one group of mixing ternary diagram that is used to develop the expert system that is used for specific lithology.

Fig. 5 has illustrated the process flow diagram that shows the expert system logic that is used for definite overall lithology.

Fig. 6 has illustrated the process flow diagram of the expert system logic of the specific sandstone lithology of display definition.

Fig. 7 has illustrated the process flow diagram of the expert system logic of the specific shale lithology of display definition.

Fig. 8 A has illustrated that demonstration is used for S, CaO and Fe ₂O ₃The ternary diagram that occurs simultaneously of standardized value guideline.

Fig. 8 B has illustrated the one group of mixing ternary diagram that is used to develop the expert system that is used for carbonate, muriacite and rauhkalk lithology.

Fig. 9 has illustrated the process flow diagram of the expert system logic of display definition carbonate lithology.

Figure 10 has illustrated and has shown the process flow diagram that uses the expert system logic to define the evaporitic rock lithology.

Figure 11 has illustrated the schematic stratum section that is used for testing well stratum, Johnson city (TX) part, and the lithology and the mineral of this stratigraphic unit have been described.

Figure 12 has illustrated the schematic stratum section of Louisiana, example 1 Chinese and Western testing well, compares with rock core X ray diffracting data from identical mine.

Figure 13 has illustrated the schematic stratum section of South America testing well in the example 2, compares with rock core X ray diffracting data from identical mine.

Figure 14 has illustrated the schematic stratum section of Texas, example 3 Chinese and Western mine, compares with rock core X ray diffracting data from identical well.

Although carry out various modifications and alternative forms easily, have only some specific embodiments shown in the drawings as an example and specifically describe following in this disclosed invention.The specific descriptions of accompanying drawing and these specific implementations are not to limit the width and the scope of inventive concepts or claims by any way.On the contrary, accompanying drawing and specifically described providing are for inventive concepts being described to those of ordinary skill in the art and making these people can make and use this inventive concepts.

Embodiment

Below provide the one or more illustrated embodiment that are combined in this disclosed invention.For clear, not that all features of actual realization are all described in this application or illustrated.Be to be understood that, in performance history in conjunction with actual embodiment of the present invention, must make the specific decision of various realizations and realize developer's purpose, the system that for example follows is relevant, commercial relevant, government is relevant and other constraint, and these constraints became along with realization and time.Although developer's effort might be complicated and consuming time, this effort will remain the routine that those of ordinary skills of benefiting from present disclosure will take.

Put it briefly, the applicant has created and has been used for determining around the lithology of the surface lower stratum of pit shaft and the process and method of mineral.

The element input

Fig. 1 shows the well logging apparatus 1 that is used for method described in the present invention and process, and wherein this well logging apparatus is arranged in the pit shaft 2 of boring by stratum 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D, so that carry out the measurement of stratum 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D attribute.Pit shaft 2 among Fig. 1 can be full of in this area the liquid suspension that is called " drilling mud ".The string that can comprise one or more logging tools 7 of neutron device and a plurality of additional logging tool or sniffer is generally transferred in the pit shaft 2 by armored cable 8.Cable 8 can twine and unclamps from the capstan winch of any kind as known in the art or cable drum.Tool string 7 can be electrically connected to uphole equipment 4 by the insulated electric conductor (not shown in figure 1) that constitutes cable 8 parts.Uphole equipment 4 can comprise a part that is used for transmitting the telemetry systems 5 of control signal and data between tool string 7 and computing machine 6.Computing machine 6 can also comprise the data recorder 9 that is used to write down by the measurement of uphole equipment 4 that device carries out and sends to.According to each side of the present invention, for example as known in the art, logging tool 7 preferably includes pulsed neutron source.Of the present invention many-sided in, logging tool 7 also comprises can measure the element gamma detector of capturing gamma radiation, non-resilient gamma radiation, natural gamma radiation and combination thereof.With in the methods of the invention and be used to provide about comprising for example being the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 10/916 of " Elemental GammaRay Signature Instrument " at title around the stratum element concentration of pit shaft (in this boring equivalently) and/or the suitable logging tool of element oxide data with being called, 921 and title be the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 11/223 of " Method and Apparatus for Determining Aluminum Concentrationin Earth Formations ", described in 352 those, these two applications are hereby incorporated by.

Forward Fig. 2 A now to, the overall process flow figure that is used for the inventive method has been described.As shown in the figure, and according to the embodiment of the present invention, be used for quantitatively defining the overall process 10 of pit shaft by its formation lithology and comprise the log data that is used for the stratum 12 that acquisition will be analyzed, determine the lithology 14 on this stratum, generate output and the data of describing around at least a portion formation lithology of this pit shaft 18 then.As further specifying among Fig. 2 A, this method can also comprise the processing of determining stratum mineral 16 according to determined lithological information, is created on then to understand useful output and data 18 in the stratum mineral of pit shaft and the lithology.This is very useful for producing hydrocarbon in the pit shaft of earth penetrating and around the pit shaft.More specifically discuss as following, the method according to this invention and process, formation lithology (the overall lithology and/or the specific lithology that comprise the stratum) and mineral determine to utilize Implementation of Expert System.

Fig. 2 B has illustrated the process flow diagram of another embodiment of present disclosure, and wherein log data 12 is to obtain from least a portion stratum around pit shaft or boring.This log data converts the element data that shows as essential element oxide and element information to and is fed to expert system 20 subsequently, and expert system 20 generates ternary Figure 13, as desiredly provides this information with simulation or graphic form.Then, utilize expert system 20 from this ternary diagram exploitation series of algorithms.As more specifically discussing at this, this ternary diagram that is generated can be the standard ternary diagram that can isolate different lithology, for example by described those [USGS ProfessionalPaper440-S such as Pettijohn, p.19 (1963)], or the mixing ternary diagram, these two kinds of figure are used for the expert system 20 that further exploitation is used for determining overall lithology 14a in stratum and specific lithology 14b again.As further specifying among Fig. 2 B, all determined in case determined overall lithology, specific lithology or the two, just can generate geochemical information as output data 18.This output data 18 can be any suitable form, comprises that lithology is schemed depth map, ternary diagram, amended ternary diagram, mixing ternary diagram and atlas, binary (X-Y) depth map, mineral depth map, specific lithology depth map, overall lithology and the combination or the modification of these output formats.The example of example combinations output map will be discussed with reference to Figure 11 at this.

The method according to this invention, method of the present invention can also comprise from geochemical logging and tradition well logging and obtain additional log data 11, so that discern generally and quantize mineral in the sedimentogeneous rock.As illustrated among Fig. 2 B, this additional log data 11 can combine with overall and specific lithological information (14a and 14b) subsequently, is used for definite mineral 16 that center at least a portion stratum of pit shaft.Alternatively and equivalently, additional pit shaft cutting, core data or log data 11 can be used for strengthening and determine that better overall lithology, specific lithology or the two have, and they can be directly changed into the output data 18 based on lithology then.

The type of additional data (11) includes but not limited to core data (for example X ray diffracting data) and rock core cutting data, and measure the log data that obtains from carbon/oxygen (C/O) well logging (carbon/oxygen (C/O)), these data allow operators to be independent of the local water salinity and monitor reservoir in the time-delay mode by sleeve pipe and pipe in the life cycles of drilling well; Sound wave or acoustic measurement and result data; Resistivity (existing shallow have again dark) log data; Spontaneous electromotive force (SP) log data; Photoelectricity (PE) cross section log data; Gamma ray (GR) log data; The high-resolution inductolog (HDIL) and the similar well logging of measured resistivity comprise hollow electric wire instrument; Volume density is proofreaied and correct (ZCOR) data; Compensation volume density data (ZDEN); Boring rectification building-out neutron porosities (CNC); Microlaterolog resistivity (RMLL) data; Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging technology and the data that obtain from this technology include but not limited to magnetic resonance imaging well logging (MRIL), density (Φ) NMR data and the determining and measure of clay-bound water (CBW) content that obtains from NMR; SpectraLog

(K, U, Th) data, and similar spectrum gamma-ray tool and result data thereof; Caliper (the lasting record of hole diameter is unit record usually with the inch) measurement data comprises DCAL (difference caliper) data; And two or more combination in these data sources.

Get back to Fig. 2 B, after the log data 12 of the element information that has obtained to provide specific essential element, it can be the computer system of any suitable computer system as known in the art, the for example man-machine interface of standard (HMI), use (check and pass through) a series of algorithms based on element data, wherein essential element includes but not limited to silicon, potassium, magnesium, calcium, carbon, iron, chlorine, titanium, thorium, manganese, gadolinium, aluminium and sulphur.These algorithms will more specifically be described following, but generally speaking these algorithms comprise artificial intelligence system 20.As previously indicated, be applicable to that artificial intelligence system of the present invention includes but not limited to the combination of expert system, neural network, the system based on genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic system, cluster analysis system and two or more these systems.Utilize the percentage by weight of essential element oxide and element, artificial intelligence system 20 generates ternary and differentiates Figure 13, those [UsingGeochemical Data:Evalution, Presentation, Interpretation described in the H.Rollinson works for example; JohnWiley, Hoboken, NJ:1993].These ternarys differentiate Figure 13 can comprise as known in the art based on its to viewed mineral combination and to the standard ternary diagram that concerns between the selected element of the rich Action Specification of its model and in Fig. 4 and 8B illustrated mixing ternary atlas.After generating a series of suitable ternary diagrams, a series of logical flow charts of more specifically discussing below artificial intelligence system 20 will be utilized generate overall lithological composition model 14a.During this time, according to user's decision, the form that system 20 can be suitable, for example overall lithology is to depth map, provide about around the overall lithological composition information on the stratum of pit shaft as output data 18.Otherwise artificial intelligence system 20 will continue to utilize a series of logical flow charts based on the overall lithological composition model that has generated to generate specific lithological composition model 14b.This specific lithological composition model and relevant information can appropriate formats, and for example specific lithology provides as output data 18 depth map, and perhaps same acceptable can be used to generate mineral from the information of specific lithological composition model and become sub-model 16.In this case, utilize the combination of overall and specific lithological composition model, artificial intelligence system 20 can continue to generate around the mineral at least a portion stratum of pit shaft and becomes sub-model 16.Then, system 20 can become this composition model conversion the output data 18 of appropriate format, and for example mineral are to depth map or similar output format.According to the described each side of earlier in respect of figures 2A, from the additional data 11 in other logging equipment or well logging information source, for example NMR log data or SpectraLog

, SpectraLog ^TMThe II data can be integrated in the system 20 alternatively, further refine overall lithological composition model 14a, specific lithological composition model 14b, mineral and become sub-model 16, all these the three kinds combinations that become sub-models or these models.

Artificial intelligence system

As will more specifically describing at this, be used for multiple geochemical analysis function in the present invention in this artificial intelligence system (AIS) that is commonly referred to as expert system 20, include but not limited to generate ternary figure or other expression, mix ternary diagram and binary pattern/chart, and use based on chemical information and chemical ratio and set up around extending to the overall lithology of rock of the pit shaft in the stratum, specific lithology and mineral from the element information of logging tool.

As used in this, artificial intelligence system includes but not limited to the combination of expert system, neural network, genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic system, fuzzy neural network and cluster analysis system and two or more this systems that are mutually related.This artificial intelligence system comprises any system that can obtain and analyze log data.More specifically, artificial intelligence system 20 can be developed one or more algorithms according to the standadized ratio between the element information of the element oxide information that is for example provided by logging tool.This information can be plotted on the ternary diagram subsequently, and this ternary diagram is used to describe and determine overall lithology again.As will more specifically describing, can utilize this method to describe and the overall lithology determined comprises grit, carbonate, muriacite and shale at this.Further allow to dwindle overall lithology breakdown from the additional algorithm of the log data of for example element oxide ratio exploitation and determine specific lithology, wherein the element for example drawn from ternary diagram or mixing ternary diagram of element oxide ratio and chemical information are obtained comprises K ₂O, MgO, Fe ₂O ₃In ratio and element determinative (for example magnesium oxide and calcium oxide ternary value are respectively MgT and CaT, and the concentration of element value of per unit weight) and specific Discr. between two or more.

Employed and useful expert system 20 can many known computer programming languages or system writes or modeling when generation is used to define the algorithm of the overall lithology of rock, specific lithology and/or mineral at this, comprise neural network and VisualBasic (MicroSoft ).Be used for petrologic analysis and be applicable to that usually other standardized lithology of the present invention and mineral computer programming method comprise three kinds of common known modeling methods, perhaps revisions of this modeling program.By SEDNORM[Cohen and Ward, 1991; Computers andGeoscience, v.17, p.1235-1253], LPNORM[De Caritat etc., 1994; Computers and Geoscience, v.20, p.313-347] two of representative kinds of suitable modeling methods and modeling MODAN[Paktunc, 1998; Computers andGeoscience, v.24, p.425-431] use is to the best-fit solution of a series of linear equalities.In addition, can be divided at least one central data processing facility and the one or more long-range and/or local users equipment that generally connects in succession in this employed system 20 by refined net connection or chain-like.The architecture of system 20 can be based on the shared processing function between the middle position of long-range or local subscriber apparatus and for example company's concentrated position.Long-range or local subscriber apparatus also can comprise solicited message or with mutual Web user or the Internet user of system 20.

As used in this, term " neural network " refers to a kind of artificial intelligence type of attempting imitating the human brain work and the method for operation.Not being to use wherein all calculating all is to operate 0 and 1 digital model, and neural network is come work by the connection of creating between the processing element.When network had the big database of the data dot values that existing example maybe will draw, neural network was in prediction and generate may be effective especially in composition algorithm and the model.Although neural network can hint the computing machine of nonnumeric type, according to the present invention, as known in the art, neural network also can be simulated on digital machine.

Similarly, as used in this, term " expert system " broadly refers to carry out the computer utility and the system of will otherwise being carried out by the human expert of task.Some Expert System Design becomes to replace the human expert, and other then is designed to help them, and these two types all is that the present invention is desired.Propose as top, expert system is a part that is called the overall classification of computer utility of artificial intelligence.The meaning of expert system is the practical problems that will solve the special human expert of common needs (for example doctor or mineralogist).Therefore, setting up expert system at first relates to from the human expert and extracts relevant knowledge.This knowledge usually is didactic in essence, based on useful " thumb rule " rather than absolute definite fact.Can generally speaking being a very difficult task from expert's information extraction, need its oneself professional knowledge by the employed mode of computing machine.The knowledge engineer has extracting this knowledge and setting up expert system knowledge base of task.

According to expert system of the present invention can be any kind, is iterative those especially in essence, because they are to develop and write in the convenient mode of checking easily and revising.This system can (to expert, user and knowledge engineer) explains their reasoning and answers about solving the problem of process.This expert system also can be upgraded at an easy rate, and not need to rewrite most of code; On the contrary, this system can increase or delete the knowledge blocks of localization.

The most widely used representation of knowledge plan of expert system is rule (sometimes with the frame system combination).In general,, rule do not set up the determinacy to a certain degree that then will just have conclusion to set up if not having specific conclusion-condition.At this, statistical technique also can be used by expert system, so that determine this determinacy and/or generation and definition algorithm.No matter whether determinacy, rule-based system are arranged all is the quite helpful tracking that is easy to provide system's reasoning that be easy to revise and feasible usually.

As described briefly above, expert system 20 uses algorithm or series of algorithms to be used for determining rock or the overall lithology of lithostratigraphy, specific lithology and mineral, but expert system 20 also can be used to develop and generate the ternary diagram that serves as lithology and mineral model development main tool.Generally speaking, expert system is used in ternary and is distinguished that the weight percent of the essential element oxide of drawing on the figure recently distinguishes siliceous chip, evaporitic rock and carbonate lithology, and wherein the essential element oxide particularly is meant SiO ₂, K ₂O, MgO, CaO, Fe ₂O ₃, Al ₂O ₃And S.According to an aspect of the present invention, according to a kind of method described herein, do not emphasize the aluminium element data.But it distinguishes using and comprise under specific circumstances and also can consider in determining at lithology and mineral matter.

In the example that ternary diagram uses, and because ternary diagram is used for the importance of the model of the inventive method in exploitation, provide its use now and to the brief explanation of the expansion that mixes ternary diagram.In example, have about 5%CaO, about 4%MgO and about 80%SiO ₂The element percentage of the rock of given composition will be utilized expert system 20 standardization, be plotted to ternary diagram then, chemistry is distinguished on the figure of figure or similar type.The example criteriaization that is used for this example is as follows:

CaO％＝6％＝CaO/∑(CaO，MgO，SiO ₂)x(100)

MgO％＝4％＝MgO/∑(CaO，MgO，SiO ₂)x(100)

SiO ₂％＝90％＝SiO ₂/∑(CaO，MgO，SiO ₂)?x?(100)

Then, based on three variablees by the mark that occurs simultaneously on Fig. 3 " * " mark, the position of this point is plotted on the standard ternary diagram.According to the point by this contextual definition, expert system will generate ternary diagram (perhaps its equivalent) and above chemical property will be plotted on the ternary diagram in the band that is shown " sandstone ".

More specifically with reference to figure 3, the band of summarizing on overall ternary diagram has illustrated the composition range of the different lithology that can utilize this method identification.The band of summarizing on ternary diagram has illustrated the composition range of the different lithology that can utilize this method identification.For example, near the SiO on the ternary diagram ₂The summit can be summarized as sandstone.At SiO ₂And between the CaO, can identify sandstone with variable content carbonate, and the lime stone composition can be determined on the summit near CaO with silicone content.CaO and MgO can be used to discern rauhkalk, and the point between rauhkalk composition and the CaO can be used for defining the relative scale of carbonate kalzit to rauhkalk.In addition, as more specifically described as the following, SiO ₂And MgO+Fe ₂O ₃Between ratio can be used for further defining the shale lithology.

Fig. 4 has illustrated the exemplary mixing ternary diagram that is used for determining the specific lithology in lithostratigraphy by expert system of the present invention.The chemical property of stone matter, feldspathic and quartzose sandstone and the research of quantitative mineral information have been drawn rock Fe ₂O ₃And K ₂The O ratio is to actual SiO ₂Value can be used for distinguishing the conclusion of specific siliceous chip lithology, as by people such as Moore [J.SedimentaryPetrology, vol.40:pp.1147-1152 (1970)] and people [AmericanAssociation of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin, vol.74:pp.837-856 (1990)] such as Wendlandt work supported.But, because the standardization of value causes the loss to the concrete chemical property resolution of rock, therefore since with the related difficulty of this physical relationship of detection and standard ternary diagram, develop for related use as the mixing ternary diagram of mixed triplet 30 illustrated in fig. 4 with the present invention.Mixed triplet 30 illustrated in fig. 4 is used Fe ₂O ₃And K ₂Standadized ratio between the O is to actual silicon or calcium content (determining by its oxide), so that determine the specific lithology of sandstone.Utilize this method, and specifically see the curve A among Fig. 4, quartzy 32 can clearly differentiate with rauhkalk 31 and carbonate 33.Similarly, see curve C, quartzy 32 also can clearly differentiate with feldspathic sandstone 34 and stone matter sandstone 36.Curve B K ₂Bottom standadized ratio between O and the MgO is to actual silicon (SiO ₂) content allow to determine carbonate 33 and itself and feldspathic sandstone 34 and stone matter sandstone 36 are differentiated.Forward center mixing ternary diagram C and the D of Fig. 4 to, K has been described ₂O and SiO ₂To Fe ₂O ₃Standadized ratio between (figure C) or the MgO (figure D).As scheme among the C illustratedly, combination chart allows difference to be rich in the shale (35) of iron and is rich in the shale (38) of magnesium, and figure D has illustrated and distinguishes shale (38) and the rauhkalk (31) that is rich in magnesium.At last, mix in the ternary diagram at the 3rd group that specifically is called figure E and F, feldspathic sandstone 34, carbonate 33, rauhkalk 31 and calcium carbonate sandstone 37 can be by drawing K ₂O and MgO or Fe ₂O ₃Standadized ratio to actual calcium oxide (CaO) content is distinguished.For example, in figure E, feldspathic sandstone 34 can differentiate with calcium carbonate sandstone 37 and carbonate 33, and in figure F, rauhkalk 31, carbonate 33, feldspathic sandstone 34 and calcium carbonate sandstone 37 can clearly differentiate.By this way, sandstone can utilize expert system of the present invention and method to distinguish into quartzose, feldspathic and the specific lithology breakdown of stone matter sandstone.

Utilize total with mix ternary diagram, expert system can be developed further into and be used to distinguish various lithology, and allows to determine overall lithology and specific lithology around the lithostratigraphy of pit shaft thus, and is used for determining the mineral around the lithostratigraphy of pit shaft.

Lithology is determined

Present disclosure generally at the pit shaft data to determining around the formation lithology of earth drilling and the use of mineral.In this respect, the feature of the meaning of term " mineral " and " lithology " and these descriptors of rock is that the general introduction present disclosure is necessary.As everyone knows, mineral are inoganic solids of the same clan of Lock-in, are made up of one or more chemical elements, and the inside of these chemical elements is arranged in order and formed lattice how much.Three kinds of main mechanism that their form be because the precipitation of solution, because solidifying of causing of magma cooling and because distillation [Palache, the C of water vapor; Berman, H; And Frondel, C; The System of Mineralogy ofJames Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana; 1951].The difference of chemical bonding has just produced and has had the clear and definite physics and the mineral of chemical property from the process that these processes form.Significantly several specific characters of importance include but not limited to crackle, section, hardness and proportion in determining difference.As used in this, " crackle " refers to the physical characteristics of many mineral, and is the measurements of mineral along the trend of weak land disconnection.On the contrary, as used in this, its combination that " section " refers to be presented by mineral is along all very strong physical attribute [Dana of all crystalline plane; 1951, id].An and term that usually with term section one be used from classification or describe mineral relevant with section is the term toughness, it be mineral provide to disconnect, the resistibility of crushing, crooked, cutting or other destruction.The correlativity of toughness and section is " section " of mineral (or rock) in case be to exceed the toughness limit, and how mineral will disconnect.In example, quartz is the abundant and the hardest common mineral of finding in the sedimentogeneous rock.Quartz presents " conchoidal fracture " [Dana, J.D; A System of Mineralogy (the 6th edition): New York, Wiley; Rewrite (1915) by E.S.Dana].The trial that separates this covalent bond mineral makes crystal pulverize in the mode that is similar to glass.On the contrary, mineral " kalzit " present the rhombus crackle in three directions, and wherein both direction is vertical with another direction.Feldspar, common deposition mineral also have the crackle of both direction, each other approximately are 90 °.

Hardness and proportion are other important physical attributes of mineral.Hardness is the measurement of mineral opposing scraping or wearing and tearing, usually represent with from 0 to 10 grade, this grade is considered to the relative hardness grade of Moh, and proportion (usually being abbreviated as s.g.) is the comparison of the weight and the equal-volume water weight of mineral (comprising metalliferous mineral) or rock forming mineral, and be about restraining every cubic centimetre, g/cc, measurement.As used in this, term " proportion " is equivalent to the density of mineral.For example, quartz has scrapes scratch hardness (Mohs hardness=7) relatively, than hardness (Mohs hardness=3) big a lot [Dana, the J.D. of kalzit; A System of Mineralogy (the 6th edition): NewYork, Wiley; Rewrite (1959) by E.S.Dana].This will indicate, and quartz particles more can be through frayed than kalzit in transportation.

Compare with minal, sedimentogeneous rock comprise because corrode, deposition and precipitation cause as the accumulation of the mineral of particle or channery, wherein corrode, deposition and precipitation and alluviation, river wash away, wind erosion and marine abrasion procedure correlation.Described the physical attribute of rock about the term " lithology " of these sedimentogeneous rocks, comprised the grain size and the texture of mineral and comprise the fragment of rock.Therefore, opposite with " mineral ", " rock " can be defined as the different race's solid by one or more mineral compositions, and wherein the mineral type of mineral, grain size and texture have been determined the lithology of rock.Under the situation that rock is made up of silicate mineral or siliceous chip, it is shale, siltstone or sandstone [Folk, R.L., The Petrology ofSedimentary Rocks:Austin that grain size and texture will define rock, TX, Hemphill publishing company (1974)].Mainly the carbonate lithology of being made up of kalzit and rauhkalk also can be according to the grain size [Dunham that classifies, R.J., " Classificationof Carbonate Rocks According toDepositional Texture ", at Ham, among the W.E.ed, Classification ofCarbonate Rocks:AmericanAssociation of Petroleum GeologistsMemoir 1, pp.108-121 (1962)].

The mineral of forming lithology, sandstone for example can comprise quartz, feldspar and have the bulk combination of the mica of a small amount of clay.On the other hand, shale is by for example quartzy and the mineral of feldspar and the mineral composition of being rich in clay of for example smalite, illite and smectite of in the highest flight mud and clay size.Carbonate can also comprise siliceous detrital mineral and channery and other minerals commonly used in chemical industry precipitation, for example muriacite and gypsum.But, the generation of these mineral since other mineral because the formation of lithifaction in the matrix and metasomatic metamorphism becomes complexity.Therefore, term " shale " can not be used to describe illite, smectite and kaolinic term " clay mineral " relatively, and " sandstone " also cannot be as the equivalent of the mineral of for example quartzy, feldspar or other silicate.A term description lithology, and other describes mineral.

In the well logging industry, these difference are not always very clearly.Lithology usually can alternatively be used to describe identical entity with the mineral term, and this usually can cause the misunderstanding about the real meaning of term.For example, to make together and be used for describing rock be inconsistent for lithology term " grit " and mineral term " quartz "." grit " do not have the front to the described physical characteristics of mineral, and the physics and the chemical attribute of " quartz " that defined by the difference of any grain size do not comprise " grit " yet.

Therefore, in present patent application, term " lithology " is used to describe the chemical property related with complex mineral matrix with " characteristic lithology ".Similarly, as used in this, term " mineral " meaning is to describe and quantize to form the mineral of those lithology matrix.These differences form sharp contrast with other current quantivative approach, wherein chemical property is used for determining quantitative lithology, wherein independent silicate, carbonate and clay mineral are not based on chemical property isolates, but represents by the set of silicate, carbonate and clay group.

As used in this, term " overall lithology " refers to the bulk lithology of rock (by foreign peoples's solid of one or more mineral compositions), and is not in relation to particular type.The overall lithology that can determine according to the present invention includes but not limited to grit (for example sandstone), shale, carbonate, coal and evaporitic rock.These overall lithology can be used for determining " the specific lithology " on stratum again, and specific lithology is meant the lithology that the stratum is more special, clear and definite at this.Grit includes but not limited to the quartzy grit of specific lithology (grit that mainly comprises quartzy and a small amount of other mineral), feldspathic sandstone, stone matter grit, calcium carbonate grit and shale grit.Shale comprises sandy shale, be rich in magnesium (being rich in Mg) shale and be rich in the shale of iron (being rich in Fe).Carbonate comprises lime stone and rauhkalk.Confirmable evaporitic rock includes but not limited to salt and muriacite.

With reference now to Fig. 5,, shows the process flow diagram that explanation is used for the expert system logical flow chart of the overall lithology in definite stratum.About this figure with at this other figure of overview flow chart is described, unless otherwise noted, otherwise listed all elements all is meant element oxide (for example, " Ca " meaning is CaO).Exception wherein is elementary sulfur (S) and carbon (C), and they are meant element at this, rather than oxide.In addition, with reference to the process flow diagram here the time, should be pointed out that the selection of included value is not necessarily limited, and the selection that is used for the value of specific Discr. or element oxide value can influence and runs through all other values that total system is calculated.That is, should recognize that although can make amendment to the value in Fig. 5 process flow diagram, in order to obtain significative results, it is essential that these values may make the variation that runs through in whole follow-up decision prompting and the value calculating become.

Before the overall lithology of determining Fig. 5 general introduction, and for difference more accurately comprises clay and does not comprise the lithology of clay, expert system alternatively the amount of the more magnesian amount of ratio (K/Mg) by utilizing K-feldspar on the ternary diagram illustrated in fig. 4/illitic kali and magnesium oxide and kali come at first definite and clay is related but not with the amount of the related magnesium of carbonate.This value is composed the amount (being represented by Mg* at this) of giving magnesium oxide MgO.Similarly, expert system can also be optional be at first determined related with clay with alternative ground and not with the related iron oxide of carbonate and other iron oxide and contain the amount of special mineral.This is the ratio (K by the kali-iron oxide of K-feldspar/illitic permission ₂O/Fe ₂O ₃) determine.This value is composed and is given Fe ^*

With reference now to Fig. 5,, provided a series of with from ternary diagram and/or mix " because " and " so " statement of the element-specific number percent coupling of ternary diagram, and start and be used for determining the path that the factor is classified by a plurality of possible overall lithology.In this process flow diagram, and among other figure described herein, siliceous chip Discr., for example SiO ₂/ (SiO ₂+ K ₂O+Mg ^*+ Fe ^*) ratio, but also called after " SS " plays an important role in guidance method and processing procedure.But, should be understood that, although this siliceous chip Discr. is the most useful isolating siliceous chip sandstone lithology in to carbonate (lime stone and rauhkalk) and shale sometimes, the expert system that is used for said method and processing is to utilize the MgO and/or the Fe of lithostratigraphy ₂O ₃Chemical property may all not be summed up as the possibility exploitation of silicoide.Therefore, in this case, main overall lithology ratio is according to being adjusted by given unnecessary amount of carbonate, oxide and sulfide stage.

Example as Fig. 5 operation that is used for definite rock or the overall lithology in subsurface rock stratum, expert system is at first distinguished carbonate/muriacite and grit and shale by the amount of calcium in decision-making prompting 44 assessment rocks, and this is to determine from CaO (Ca) value based on Fig. 3 and the illustrated ternary diagram of Fig. 4.If the CaO that calculates (Ca) value is greater than α (wherein the scope of α is to about 16wt.% from about 10wt.%), shale, grit and coal have then been got rid of, and it is rauhkalk or muriacite or lime stone that magnesian value (Mg determines as MgO from ternary diagram) will be used to distinguish rock.In decision-making prompting 46, magnesian value (Mg) is calculated and assessment by expert system.If Mg is greater than β (wherein the scope of β is to about 11wt.% from about 5wt.%), then system classifies as pierite with rock.But if Mg calculates and is defined as less than β, then the value of calcium oxide (Ca) will be used for further assessing rock.In decision-making prompting 48, if the value of second calcium oxide (Ca) is calculated as greater than α ' (wherein the scope of α ' is to about 22wt.% from about 15wt.%), then system advances to decision-making prompting 50 and assesses the content (S) of elementary sulfur, so that further divide the overall lithology of rocks.If the value that calculates S greater than δ (wherein the scope of δ be from about 5wt.% to about 23wt.%, comprise about 11wt.%), then rock is defined as having the overall lithology of muriacite.But, if the S that is calculated less than δ, then the content of magnesium of the rock related with lime stone should be assessed.In decision-making prompting 52, expert system is calculated and the added value of assessment calcium oxide content (Ca is based on CaO ternary value) and from the magnesium oxide value (MgD) of rauhkalk.If the value of the Ca+MgD that calculates greater than λ (wherein the scope of λ is to about 40wt.% from about 15wt.%), finds that then rock has the overall lithology of lime stone.If the value of determining the Ca+MgD that calculates in decision-making prompting 52 has then been got rid of the overall lithology of carbonate and muriacite less than λ, and system must advance to decision-making prompting 54 and determines that rock is shale, sandstone or coal.

Continuation is with reference to figure 5, if by calculating and assessment, expert system has been got rid of carbonate and the overall lithology of muriacite, and then system attempts difference coal, grit and the overall lithology of shale.In decision-making prompting 54, the value (C) of monox value (Si) and elemental carbon is calculated and assessed to expert system.If rock is defined as having less than ξ ₁Si value (ξ wherein ₁Scope be from 10wt.% to 40wt.%) and greater than the value (C) (wherein the scope of θ is from 40wt.% to 100wt.%) of the elemental carbon of θ, then system is a coal with petrographic classification.But if these two demands have one not satisfy, then system will use Si/ (Si+Mg in decision-making prompting 56 ^*+ K+Fe ^*) the overall lithology of recently assessing the lithostratigraphy.If the Si/ (Si+Mg that calculates ^*+ K+Fe ^*) ratio greater than σ (wherein the scope of σ is from about 0.6 to about 1.0), then expert system determines that rock has the overall lithology of sandstone.On the contrary, if the Si/ (Si+Mg that calculates ^*+ K+Fe ^*) ratio less than σ, then to be defined as be shale to rock.In order further to distinguish shale, in decision-making prompting 58, system 20 is calculated and assessment magnesium oxide ternary value (MgT), so that whether definite rock is shale.If the value of MgT has less than β ₁Calculated value (β wherein ₁Scope be from about 0.1 to about 0.4), then to be defined as be shale to rock; On the contrary, if MgT is evaluated and pass through to calculate discovery greater than β ₁, then the overall lithology of shale will be excluded, and the overall lithology of rock is not also determined.

In case determined around the overall lithology on the stratum of pit shaft, data just can offer the client as the top conduct output that proposes, and perhaps can be used for further generating the second one-tenth sub-model, and this second model description is around the specific geologic aspects on the stratum of pit shaft.Explanation by the exemplary logic flow chart of the employed overall process that is used for determining the specific lithology in stratum of expert system described herein shown in Fig. 6-10.

Fig. 6 has illustrated the process flow diagram of the expert system logic of the specific lithology that is used for definite sandstone.In order to distinguish the dissimilar of specific sandstone lithology, expert system is at first calculated the relative average weight number percent (ξ %) of monox (Si) in the stratum in decision-making prompting 60.(wherein the scope of ξ is to about 100 from about 70wt.% if the relative average weight number percent of monox is greater than ξ

Wt.%), then to be defined as be the quartzose sandstone in system, and the specific lithology of stone matter, feldspathic and shale matter matter sandstone has all been got rid of from consider.In next decision-making prompting, decision-making prompting 62a, expert system is calculated and is estimated calcium oxide ternary value (CaT), and this value is to utilize CaO-SiO by system ₂-MgO ternary diagram is determined.If the value of finding CaT is greater than α ₁(α wherein ₁Scope be from about 0.01 to about 0.15), then got rid of quartz as option, and the specific lithology of rock to be defined as be the calcium carbonate quartz.On the contrary, if find that at decision-making prompting 62a the CaT value is less than α ₁, then to be defined as be quartzy to rock.

Continuation is with reference to figure 6, if at the relative average weight number percent of decision-making prompting 60 monox (Si) less than ξ, then in the specific lithology of determining sandstone, got rid of quartz, and system considers stone matter, feldspathic and shale matter sandstone.At decision-making prompting 64, system estimation Fe ₂O ₃/ (K ₂O+Fe ₂O ₃) ratio [be expressed as Fe ^*/ (K+Fe ^*) ratio] and siliceous chip Discr. (SS).If Fe ^*/ (K+Fe ^*) ratio greater than the value of ψ (wherein the scope of ψ is from about 0.3 to about 0.7) and siliceous chip Discr. (SS) less than σ ₁(σ wherein ₁Scope be from about 0.85 to about 0.95), then expert system classifies as stone matter sandstone with rock, side by side except as feldspathic and shale matter sandstone that may specific lithology.In this case, calcium oxide ternary value (CaT) is assessed by calculating at decision point 62b; If find that CaT is greater than α ₁, then expert system classifies as calcium carbonate stone matter sandstone with rock.But, if find that at decision-making prompting 62b calcium oxide ternary value (CaT) is less than α ₁, then expert system classifies as stone matter sandstone with rock.Follow the process flow diagram of Fig. 6 and get back to decision-making prompting 64, if after calculating and assessing, two demands do not satisfy, and then expert system advances to decision-making prompting 66.In decision-making prompting 66, the siliceous chip of system estimation (grit-shale) Discr. (SS) is so that determine that whether it is greater than σ ₂(σ wherein ₂Scope be from about 0.85 to about 0.95).Calculate and assessment SS value, if find that it is greater than σ ₂, then expert system classifies as feldspar stone matter sandstone with rock, and advances to decision-making prompting 62c.If after calculating and assessing, find that at decision-making prompting 62c CaT is greater than α ₁, then rock is classified as and has calcium carbonate feldspar sandstone; On the contrary, as CaT at decision-making prompting 62c less than α ₁The time, rock is defined as having the specific lithology of feldspar.Alternatively, if find that SS is less than σ ₂, then got rid of feldspathic sandstone, and expert system classifies as shale matter sandstone with sandstone and advances to decision-making prompting 62d as specific lithology.If after calculating and assessing, find that at decision-making prompting 62d calcium oxide ternary value (CaT) is greater than α ₁, have the specific lithology of calcareousshale matter grit in that rock is classified as; Otherwise, when pointing out 62d CaT less than α ₁The time, rock classifies as has the specific lithology of shale matter grit.

Fig. 7 has illustrated the expert system of utilizing according to present disclosure, shows the process flow diagram of the exemplary expert system logic that is used for definite specific lithology of shale.As described herein, after expert system determines to have the overall lithology breakdown of shale, the element data of rock is further assessed, distinguished the various specific lithology-calcareous shale of shale, sandy shale, irony shale and magnesia shale by expert system.In example of operation, system is the amount of existing calcium oxide (CaO) in decision-making prompting 70 assessment rocks at first.If that the amount that calculates CaO (Ca) greater than α ' (wherein the scope of α ' is to about 25wt.% from about 10wt.%), has then been got rid of is sandy, be rich in iron and be rich in the shale of magnesium, rock is defined as having the specific lithology of calcareous shale.On the contrary, if after the calculating and assessment of decision-making prompting 70, the amount of the calcium oxide that calculates is not more than α, and then expert system continues the value at the ratio (SS) of the siliceous chip Discr. of decision-making prompting 72 assessments.If the SS ratio that calculates is greater than σ ₃(σ wherein ₃Scope be from about 0.7 to about 1.0), then rock is defined as having the specific lithology of sandy shale by expert system.But, if SS is less than σ ₃, then got rid of the specific lithology of sandy shale, and expert system advances to decision-making prompting 74, calculate and assess the ratio (Fe/Mg) of iron oxide (Fe) and magnesium oxide (Mg) there.If the ratio of Fe/Mg is the value (wherein the scope of Φ is from about 1.5 to about 8.0) greater than Φ, then expert system determines that rock has the specific lithology of the shale that is rich in iron; If the ratio of Fe/Mg is less than Φ, then expert system has been got rid of the specific lithology of the shale that is rich in iron, and rock classified as has the specific lithology that is rich in magnesium.

Fig. 8 A and 8B have illustrated respectively and have been used for determining the ternary diagram of muriacite, lime stone and rauhkalk composition range and specific lithology and mixing ternary diagram according to this method.In Fig. 8 A, ternary Figure 80 represents based on CaO, Fe ₂O ₃And the lime stone 82 and the muriacite 84 of ratio between the S.The rock of drawing in regional 82 scopes can think to have the specific lithology of kalzit, and zone those in 84 can think to have the specific lithology of muriacite.

Forward Fig. 8 B to, be similar to the discussion of front about Fig. 4 mixed triplet, since with utilize traditional ternary diagram to attempt the relevant difficulty of the specific lithology of difference and because the resolution loss of the concrete chemical property of rock that the value standardization causes has illustrated the one group of mixing ternary Figure 86 that utilizes standadized ratio.In ternary diagram A, show MgO and Fe with respect to actual sulfur number ₂O ₃Between standadized ratio, and allow difference muriacite (+), kalzit (*), rauhkalk (●), grit (#) and the specific lithology of pyrite (◆).Ternary diagram B has illustrated in a similar fashion with respect to the MgO of actual sulfur number (S) and the standadized ratio between the CaO, allows difference muriacite kalzit (+) and rauhkalk (●).In ternary diagram C, actual relatively Fe has been described ₂O ₃The K of value ₂O and monox (SiO ₂) ratio, allow the expert system difference to be rich in the kalzit (*) and the rauhkalk (●) of iron.Ternary diagram D illustrated actual relatively content of magnesium (as magnesium oxide, K MgO) ₂O and monox (SiO ₂) standadized ratio.The information that is provided by this figure allows expert system difference rauhkalk (●) to muriacite (+) and/or kalzit (*).In ternary diagram E, illustrated actual relatively calcium value in the system (as calcium oxide, K CaO) ₂O and Fe ₂O ₃Between standadized ratio.This figure allows to distinguish grit (#) and rauhkalk (●) and kalzit (*).At last, ternary diagram F illustrated actual relatively calcium value in the system (as calcium oxide, K CaO) ₂Standadized ratio between O and the MgO, permission system difference grit (#), kalzit (*) and rauhkalk (●).All these ternary diagram A-F can be used alone or in combination by expert system, determine the specific lithology of muriacite, rauhkalk and evaporitic rock.

Fig. 9 has illustrated the process flow diagram that shows the example expert system logic that is used for definite carbonate and the specific lithology of pierite based on the mixing ternary atlas among Fig. 8 B.Under the situation that the definite lithostratigraphy part of studying of expert system has the overall lithology breakdown of carbonate, expert system is at first at decision-making prompting 90 assessment kali (K) and iron oxide (Fe ^*) amount, K+Fe wherein ^*Value based on respectively by illustrated ternary diagram among Fig. 8 A and the 8B with mix the determined relative element oxide of ternary diagram.If (the K+Fe that is calculated ^*) amount is greater than κ (wherein the scope of κ is from about 1 to about 5), then expert system determines that rock classifies as and has the specific lithology of shale matter lime stone.But, if system-computed goes out (K+Fe ^*) value less than κ, then system advances to decision-making prompting 92, wherein calculates and assess the number percent S-(Fe of sulphur with respect to iron content ^*X 0.806).If determine this value greater than τ wt.% (wherein the scope of τ is to about 7wt.% from about 2wt.%), then expert system has been got rid of other specific lithology breakdown and rock has been classified as and had the specific lithology of muriacite-lime stone.On the contrary, if calculate S-(Fe in decision-making prompting 92 ^*X 0.806) value less than τ wt.%, then expert system advances to decision-making prompting 94, wherein calculates and assess the ratio (Ca/Mg) of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide.If the assessment of the ratio of Ca/Mg is less than μ (wherein the scope of μ is from about 15 to about 30), then expert system determines that rock has the specific lithology of white clouds-lime stone.If the ratio of the Ca/Mg that calculates, thinks then that rock has the specific lithology of kalzit greater than μ.

Continuation has determined that in expert system the lithostratigraphy has under the situation of the overall lithology breakdown of pierite with reference to figure 9, and expert system is at first at decision-making prompting 96 assessment kali (K) and iron oxide (Fe ^*) content, (K+Fe wherein ^*) value based on respectively by the determined relative element oxide of illustrated mixing ternary diagram among Fig. 8 A and the 8B.If (the K+Fe that is calculated ^*) amount is greater than κ (wherein the scope of κ is from about 1 to about 5), then expert system determines that rock classifies as and has the specific lithology of shale matter rauhkalk.But, if system-computed goes out (K+Fe ^*) value less than κ, then system advances to decision-making prompting 98, wherein calculates and assess magnesium oxide ternary value (MgT).If by calculating and relatively, determining that MgT is less than β ₁, then rock is classified as and have the specific lithology of rauhkalk, got rid of muriacite-and kalzit-rauhkalk classification.But, in magnesium oxide ternary value greater than β ₁Situation under, expert system advances to decision-making prompting 100.As based on according to Fig. 8 A and 8B ternary diagram and/or mix the S-(Fe of the determined relative element oxide of ternary diagram ^*X 0.806) assessment of value determines that pierite has muriacite-or specific lithology of kalzit-rauhkalk.If at prompting 100S-(Fe ^*X 0.806) value greater than τ wt.% (wherein the scope of τ is to about 6wt.% from about 2wt.%), then expert system has been got rid of other specific lithology breakdown and rock has been classified as and had the specific lithology of muriacite-pierite.If less than τ, then petrographic classification is for having the specific lithology of kalzit-rauhkalk in decision-making prompting 100 values that calculated.

Figure 10 has illustrated that demonstration utilizes said expert system to determine the process flow diagram of the example expert system logic of the specific lithology of evaporitic rock.After giving the overall lithology of evaporitic rock to the lithostratigraphy by expert system of the present invention and method, the specific lithology of evaporitic rock can be determined by expert system utilization calculating seldom.In decision-making prompting 108, the content of the free chlorine that expert system is reported based on logging tool is estimated the content of existing chlorine (Cl) in the rock of lithostratigraphy.If the content of chlorine is defined as greater than ρ wt.% (wherein the scope of ρ is to about 11wt.% from about 8wt.%), then system classifies as (that is rock salt) the specific lithology that has salt with rock.But, thisly determine rock to be classified as salt or rock salt if utilize, then system will advance to decision-making prompting 110.As from one or more ternary diagrams or to mix the ternary diagram group determined, based on the assessment of magnesium oxide (MgO) chemical property of lithostratigraphy, magnesium oxide (Mg) content of expert system in decision-making prompting 110 assessment rocks.If greater than β (wherein the scope of β is to about 6wt.% from about 1wt.%), then expert system classifies as rock and has the specific lithology of white clouds-muriacite at prompting 110 content that calculate magnesium oxide (Mg).But, if the content that calculates Mg less than β, then utilizes the content of the calcium oxide of standardization or nonstandardized technique and the ratio (Ca/S) of sulphur (based on the assessment of the CaO chemical property of lithostratigraphy) assessment calcium in decision-making prompting 112.Based on conclusive Ca/S ratio, if (wherein the scope of α is to about 6wt.% from about 1.5wt.% greater than α to calculate the content of calcium, comprise about 2.1wt.%), then expert system is given the specific lithology of kalzit-muriacite to rock, if and calculate the content of Ca less than α based on the ratio of calcium oxide and sulphur, then got rid of kalzit-muriacite classification, and expert system is given the specific lithology of muriacite to rock.

In several typical output form of being determined/estimate to provide by the lithology that system provided of present disclosure one type has been provided Figure 11.As shown in the figure, the selected part for carried out the stratum that centers on pit shaft of analysis according to the inventive method shows the diagrammatic representation of the overall lithology of the testing well that is positioned at stratigraphic section 120.Similarly, the specific lithology of same test well illustrates in stratigraphic section 122, the more details about the various overall lithological compositions of stratigraphic section 120 is provided.For example, in order to further specify the use of the inventive method and system, between about 1100 feet and 1180 feet, it mainly is the lithology of sandstone that the overall lithology 120 of utilizing expert system of the present invention and method to determine provides, and near near 1100 feet marks little shale band is arranged.But, if further use expert system described herein and method, then be used for pit shaft in the same manner how specific lithology details of lower area see in part 122.More specifically, be easy to see the sandstone zone between 1118 feet and about 1175 feet comprises it mainly being the feldspar sandstone, desultory quartzy band is arranged.In addition, near in the specific lithology zone 122 close 1100 feet marks little shale band is shown and is not simple shale, but be rich in iron and the potpourri that is rich in the shale of magnesium, the lower sandy shale band that forms the border between shale lithology zone and feldspar sandstone lithology zone is arranged.

Mineral are determined

If this information is determined in expectation, then the final step of interpretation process is to determine mineral according to overall and specific lithological information.Use in the methods of the invention and in top specifically described lithology breakdown allow the analyst that last petrology answer is provided with constraint and correspondingly customization output.For example, method according to present disclosure, under the situation of the specific lithology of feldspathic grit, analyst/user may only wonder or predict feldspar and because illite/smectite, chlorite and/or kaolinic existence in the subterranean formation zone that possible feldspar decomposition model causes.Utilize method of the present invention, thisly determine it is possible.

Be included in can according to the inventive method determine and the stratum that quantizes in mineral include but not limited to tectosilicate and non-iron magnesium silicon ore deposit, comprise quartz (SiO ₂); Feldspar comprises plagioclasite feldspar and K-feldspar (also becoming the K-spar, perhaps the alkaline metal feldspar), for example microcline; Phyllosilicate comprises the member in the chlorite group, for example chlorite [(Fe, Mg, Al) ₆(Si, Al) ₄O ₁₀(OH) ₈]; Reach clay, comprise the member of illite/smectite group, include but not limited to polynite.Of the present invention many-sided in, the certain minerals that can utilize the inventive method and system identification and its content can quantize usually includes but not limited to following mineral, wherein molecular formula is exemplary, rather than comprises boundary: soda feldspar (NaAlSi ₃O ₈), muriacite (CaSO ₄), kalzit (lime stone, CaCO ₃), coal (C), chlorite [(Mg, Fe) ₃(Si, Al) ₄O ₁₀(OH) ₂(Mg, Fe) ₃(OH) ₆], rauhkalk (CaMg (CO ₃) ₂), glauconite [(K, Na) (Fe ³⁺' Al, Mg) ₂(Si, Al) ₄O ₁₀(OH) ₂], rock salt (NaCl), haematite (Fe ₂O ₃), illite/smectite [(K, Na, H) (Al, Mg, Fe) ₂(Si, Al) ₄O ₁₀[(OH) ₂, (H ₂O) _n]], smalite [Al ₂Si ₂O ₅(OH) ₄], K-feldspar (KAlSi ₃O ₈), microcline (KAlSi ₃O ₈), orthoclase (KAlSi ₃O ₈), plagioclasite, pyrite (FeS ₂), quartzy (SiO ₂) and siderite (FeCO ₃) and polymorph and hydrate.

Determining that after the overall and specific lithology on the stratum of pit shaft the mineral on stratum also can utilize expert's flogic system described herein and method definite.Utilize said artificial intelligence system (expert system) 20, determine that according to overall and specific lithological information the example logic algorithm of this mineral illustrates in Figure 12.With reference to this figure, and at this process flow diagram of discussing and logical algorithm, numeral is exemplary, and in the molecular formula listed coefficient be the best on average, bright property coefficient in a word.But those skilled in the art are very clear, rely on multiple factor, and these numerals and coefficient can change as required, comprise stratum and the desired specific export-restriction of system user measured and that analyze.

As illustrated in fig. 12, in process 150, expert system 20 can be at first according to overall and specific lithology noted earlier determine determine and definition K-feldspar (Ksp) factor (being called " KspFac ") at this.Then, the KspFac value of determining for various lithology can be used to help to determine the process of mineral by system 20 in suitable decision-making prompting.After process 150 was determined the Ksp factor, system (20) may be advanced to process 152, utilized illustrated calculating to come based on viewed K ₂The illitic content of the cubage of O.After process 152 had been determined Ksp value and illite determinative, system advanced to decision-making prompting 154.If viewed kali (K ₂O) content is not more than predefined Discr. (for example, about 3.0), and kali and (K ₂O+Fe ₂O ₃) ratio be not less than predefined Discr. (for example, about 0.37), a considerable amount of illites are then necessarily arranged, system advances to decision-making prompting 158.But if all satisfied in prompting 152 these demands, then system advances to process 156, wherein gives Ksp assignment 0, determines not exist also assignment 0 similarly of illite, calculates the content of glauconite as shown in the figure.From process 156, system advances to process 162 and handles and determine 162, continue then to utilize those illustrated in the process 164 deterministic algorithms based on viewed element oxide and separately the stechiometry of mineral come as required or quantize remaining mineral according to certain desired ground.

If the demand of decision-making prompting 154 does not satisfy, then system continues mineral analysis in advance.In decision-making prompting 158, assess overall lithology (GL); If overall lithology (GL) is grit or shale, then system advances to decision-making prompting 160, and wherein pyritous content can utilize the content of elementary sulfur (S) to determine by suitable calculating divided by suitable Discr. (for example, about 0.535).But, be grit or shale if point out 158 overall lithology (GL) not to be defined as in decision-making, then pyrite (Pyr) can be in computation process 162 based on Fe ₂O ₃Or the content of elementary sulfur (S) is determined.Then, as illustrated in fig. 12, utilize the determinacy algorithm in the process 164, based on the stechiometry of viewed element oxide and independent mineral, the residue mineral can sequentially quantize as required or according to certain desired ground.The mineral compositional data of Que Dinging can be used as output thus provides with the form of particular mine rerum natura information, and perhaps information can be used as mineral group (that is clay) provides.Exemplary output comprises the stratigraphic section of the mineral of the stratum specific part that explanation is holed around ground to the degree of depth.

According to more features of present disclosure, the mineral information of utilizing for example said expert system to determine can utilize the additionally layer data that obtains from multiple source to quantize.Be used to provide the suitable source of this additional quantization information to comprise additional mineral data, for example can determine described traditional log data (for example, NMR, GR, PE, sound wave, C/O, caliper and based on porosity and the perviousness information of MRI) about user's particular constraints of the customizing messages on specific stratum and front about further quantification lithology from X-ray diffraction (XRD) is analyzed or the thin section analysis of sample ore obtains those data, based on what find by the analyst.

The mineral data that obtain according to the inventive method can be used for determining about other petrology information around the stratum of pit shaft.For example, mineral content and content can be used for determining or predicting for example feature of porosity, particle density and the permeability characteristics on stratum.

Comprise that following example is in order to prove preferred implementation of the present invention.Therefore the technology of operational excellence in reality of the present invention that the disclosed technology in the following example of it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that has represented that the inventor found can think to have constituted the preference pattern of its practice.But those skilled in the art are to be understood that about present disclosure, in the case without departing from the scope of the present invention, can carry out many changes and still can obtain similar or similar result in disclosed specific implementations.

Example

The on-the-spot example that the illustrative methods of lithology and mineral analysis is described reaches relevant middle with reference to the accompanying drawings the description below.The core data that is used for comparison obtains all mines, and each mine all utilizes RockView ^TMWell logging sniffer (Baker Atlas, Houston, Texas) is measured, and it utilizes pulsed neutron formation lithology detector (FLEX ^TM) wired logging tool (Baker Atlas, Houston, Texas) measures neutron death and non-resilient measurement.This well logging sniffer also uses neutron gamma ray Spectralog

II equipment (Baker Atlas, Houston, Texas).Spectralog

II and FLEX equipment are measured the formation concentration of Ca, Si, Mg, S, C, Fe, Al, K, Ti and Th based on the gamma ray spectrum principle.The feature of these instruments is based on the fixation measuring of the apparatus characteristic center that is arranged in the Houston, Texas to the stratum.Particularly, the measurement of Mg, Al and C is from the assessment of inelastic gamma ray energy frequency spectrum, and this is to realize by the electronics high frequency source that uses the 14MeV neutron.

In Figure 13-15, use following abbreviation and relevance thereof: " anhy " refers to the mineral muriacite; " illi " refers to the mineral illite; " ilsm " refers to illite/smectite; " kaol " refers to the mineral smalite; " chlo " refers to the mineral green mudstone; " glau " refers to the mineral glauconite; " hema " refers to the mineral haematite; " orth " refers to the mineral orthoclase; " pyri " refers to the mineral yellow iron ore; " side " refers to the mineral siderite; " dolo " refers to the mineral white marble; " calc " refers to mineral calcite; " clay " makes a general reference clay mineral, includes but not limited to any or multiple clay mineral, illite, smalite, chlorite and smectite; And " quar " refers to mineral quartz.

Example 1: the analysis of western Louisiana mine.

For assess down-hole lithology and mineral measurement to the quality of reservoir characteristic with may use, the method according to this invention is utilized RockView ^TMThe geochemical logging of wireless logging tools/sniffer (BakerAtlas, Houston, Texas) is to obtain from the mine that is positioned at western Louisiana.With the core data analysis relatively, the degree of depth under the face of land about 5050 feet provide among Figure 13 to about 5400 feet well logging result.

As overall lithological information proved by given among the section A, the interval in this mine comprises carbonate, muriacite and in the lower degree of depth some quite clearly sandstones arranged.The shortage of a large amount of sulphur and calcium and carbon provides the clear indication that has muriacite.As illustrated among the section B, the specific lithological information about mine is provided, carbonate mainly is the lime stone (sandy lime stone) with rauhkalk of some doping, and muriacite mainly is calcareous muriacite.As can from figure, seeing, show good consistent with the log response of overall and specific lithology and mineral from the result of core data analysis.For example, according to rock core XRD data, have the almost mineral of pure muriacite in the lithostratigraphy of this degree of depth with 200 explanations among the stratigraphic section D.This is related well with stratigraphic section C, has illustrated that in this same depth by the determined mineral of system of the present invention, it is muriacite basically that the mineral that the present invention determines are defined as similarly, has a spot of quartzite to exist.Example band 202,204 and 206 has illustrated similarly and has utilized good related between relatively of the determined mineral of the inventive method and same depth rock core XRD data.Be arranged in showing of section C and D simultaneously and be present in about 5180 feet illite clay that fathom, siderite, K-feldspar, kalzit and quartz with 202; Be arranged in simultaneously section C and D to show about 5290 feet compositions that fathom with 204 mainly be carbonate, a spot of illite and siderite are arranged; And be arranged in simultaneously section C and D to show about 5370 feet compositions that fathom with 206 mainly be quartzy (〉 80%), illite, K-feldspar, plagioclasite and the carbonate of trace are arranged.

Example 2: the analysis of South America mine.

For further estimate said down-hole lithology and mineral measurement to the quality of reservoir characteristic with may use, utilize formation lithology detector (FLEX ^TM) wireless logging tools (Baker Atlas, Houston, Texas) quantizes to operate in the test mine that is arranged in South America from the geochemical logging of neutron death and inelastically scattered gamma ray.These results illustrate in the section of the schematic stratum on the illustrated stratum of Figure 14 and provide.As illustrated among the section A, show the overall lithology of part of detecting, the test mine has significant carbonate part at the top, interval, below be grit band very clearly, has mixed several shale bands in the bottom.As illustrated in section B, specific lithological information about testing well is provided, carbonate is the potpourri of lime stone (rauhkalk and sandy lime stone) and the rauhkalk (comprising some sandy rauhkalks) that mixes, and the grit band mainly is quartz sand and feldspathic grit, stone matter grit and quartzy melange belt.As given desired around lithology, it mainly is to be rich in iron and sandy shale by following local shale band that the specific lithology of section B is also shown in mine.

Fathom first among Figure 14 (approximately XX50) and second mineral more also having illustrated that fathoms the degree of depth between (approximately XX450) to degree of depth stratigraphic section by the remarkable unanimity between the rock core XRD data of the identical mine at determined mineral of System and method for of the present invention and same depth interval.For example, the stratigraphic zone 210 among Figure 14 section C, the determined mineral of expression testing well, showing mainly is rauhkalk and the mineral with a small amount of illite and kalzit.As shown in section D, this with by the extraordinary unanimity of the determined mineral of XRD analysis from the identical mine rock core of this degree of depth, it mainly is rauhkalk and the mineral with a small amount of kalzit similarly that its midship section D shows.Example band 212,214 and 216 has illustrated utilize determined mineral of the inventive method and same depth rock core XRD data to compare good related similarly.What be arranged in section C and D simultaneously is with 212 to show that rock mainly is quartzy, has a spot of illite and orthoclase; Be arranged in simultaneously section C and D to be presented at this degree of depth composition with 214 be about 50% quartz, the remainder of rock comprises illite, chlorite, K-feldspar, and has visible data (〉 5%) pyrite; And be arranged in simultaneously section C and D to be presented at this degree of depth composition with 216 be about 50% quartz, remainder comprises it mainly being illite/smectite and K-feldspar, also has the pyrite of trace.

Example 3: the analysis of Rashid Sidek Sa Si state mine.

further estimate this disclosed down-hole lithology and mineral measuring method to the quality of reservoir characteristic and can applicable another example in, utilize RockView ^TMWell logging sniffer (Baker Atlas, the Houston, the Texas) measures the testing well that operates in the Permian period basin that is arranged in Rashid Sidek Sa Si state from the geochemical logging of neutron death and inelastically scattered gamma ray, before carried out specifically describing [seeing Saller about lithology by a plurality of people, A.H. etc., AAPG Bulletin, v.82 (8): pp.1528-1550 (1998) reaches the reference of wherein being quoted].As illustrated in fig. 15, based on the rock core mineral of X-ray diffraction (XRD) shown with by System and method for of the present invention definite mineral fabulous consistent.As shown in Figure 15 section A, provide about 4900 feet (to fathom, MD) the overall lithological information of testing well and between about 5250 feet (MD) degree of depth, testing well has the grit zone at the top, interval, the carbonate band that below is significant and is perfectly clear, below about 5100 feet (MD) following mainly be the grit band and mixed several carbonate bands.As illustrated among the section B, the specific lithological information about testing well is provided, the grit band mainly is the quartz band of feldspathic grit and interlayer.The specific lithology of section B shows that also the carbonate band of mine mainly is the lime stone lime stone of rauhkalk matter (sandy and) band of rauhkalk and interlayer.Lithology assessment based on this testing well comprises considerably less clay in this mine.

As utilize X-ray diffraction (XRD) to obtain, the mineral of the degree of depth more also having illustrated between about 4900 feet (MD) and about 5250 feet (MD) to degree of depth stratigraphic section by the determined mineral of System and method for of the present invention with from the remarkable unanimity between the rock core mineral data of same depth identical mine at interval.For example, the stratigraphic zone 220 among Figure 15 section C is represented determined testing well mineral, shows to be mainly rauhkalk and to have a small amount of quartz and the mineral of trace illite and kalzit.This with by analyzing determined mineral from the rock core XRD (X-ray diffraction) of the identical mine of this degree of depth shown in the section D good unanimity is arranged, its midship section D shows that mineral mainly are rauhkalk similarly and have a small amount of quartz and the trace illite.Example band 222,224 and 226 has illustrated shown relatively good related of given rock core XRD data that are positioned at same depth among the determined mineral of the inventive method and the section D that utilize among the section C similarly.What be arranged in section C and D simultaneously shows that with 222 rock roughly is equivalent rauhkalk and quartzy potpourri, and the remainder of rock comprises the illite of a spot of orthoclase and plagioclasite and trace; What be arranged in section C and D simultaneously mainly is quartzy with 224 compositions that are presented at this degree of depth, and the remainder of rock comprises the illite of rauhkalk, muriacite, K-feldspar and plagioclasite and trace; And what be arranged in section C and D simultaneously is quartz of about 40% with 226 compositions that are presented at this degree of depth, and remainder comprises rauhkalk, K-feldspar and plagioclasite, also has illite, kalzit and the muriacite of trace.

The present invention is described under the environment of preferred and other embodiment, but each embodiment of the present invention all is not described.Modification and change obviously is that those skilled in the art can use to described embodiment.Disclosed and undocumented embodiment is not to limit or to retrain desired scope of the present invention of applicant or applicability; on the contrary; according to Patent Law, the applicant will protect all this modification and improvement that belong in following claim equivalent scope or the field in the scope of maximum possible.

Claims (33)

1, a kind of being used to estimated to center on the lithology on the stratum of holing and the method for mineral, and this method comprises:

Pass boring with logging system;

Utilize this logging system to obtain the pit shaft data from the stratum;

Generate the lithological composition model; And

Generate mineral by further constraint lithological composition model and become sub-model.

2, the method for claim 1, wherein logging system comprises neutron source.

3, method as claimed in claim 2, wherein neutron source is pulsed neutron source.

4, the method for claim 1, the pit shaft data that wherein obtained comprise per unit volume concentration of element data.

5, the method for claim 1, wherein logging system also comprises gamma-ray source.

6, method as claimed in claim 5, wherein gamma-ray source can be measured and capture gamma radiation, non-resilient gamma radiation, natural gamma radiation and combination thereof.

7, the method for claim 1 wherein becomes the generation of sub-model to be carried out by expert system.

8, method as claimed in claim 7, wherein expert system is selected from and comprises following group: neural network, the system based on genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic system, look-up table, cluster analysis system and combination thereof.

9, the method for claim 1, wherein the generation of lithological composition model also comprises the generation of overall lithological composition model.

10, method as claimed in claim 9, wherein overall lithological composition model comprises determining the per unit volume concentration of grit, shale, carbonate, evaporitic rock, coal and combination thereof.

11, the method for claim 1, wherein the generation of lithological composition model also comprises the generation of specific lithological composition model.

12, method as claimed in claim 11, wherein specific lithological composition model comprise the determining of per unit volume concentration of quartz, feldspathic grit, stone matter grit, shale matter grit, calcium carbonate quartz, calcium carbonate feldspar grit, calcareousshale grit, the shale that is rich in iron, the shale that is rich in magnesium, muriacite, rauhkalk muriacite, calcareous muriacite, kalzit, rauhkalk kalzit and combination thereof.

13, the method for claim 1, wherein mineral become sub-model to comprise to be selected from the determining of per unit volume concentration of the mineral that comprise following group: quartz, K-feldspar, soda feldspar, kalzit, rauhkalk, siderite, muriacite, illite, smectite, chlorite, smalite, glauconite, pyrite, haematite, rock salt and coal.

14, the method for claim 1 also comprises and utilizes the additional pit shaft data of auxiliary log data source acquisition about the stratum.

15, method as claimed in claim 14, wherein auxiliary log data source comprises NMR log data, volume density data, resistivity data, sound wave or acoustic data, compensated neutron porosity data, photoelectric cross-section data, high-resolution inductolog data, volume density correction data, frequency spectrum gamma ray data, elementary errors caliper data, core data and combination thereof.

16, a kind of being used to estimated to center on the lithology on the stratum of holing and the method for mineral, and this method comprises:

Pass boring with logging system;

Utilize this logging system to obtain the pit shaft data from the stratum;

Generate overall lithological composition model; And

Generate mineral and become sub-model,

Wherein mineral become sub-model not generate before generating overall lithological composition model.

17, method as claimed in claim 16, wherein logging system comprises neutron source.

18, method as claimed in claim 16, wherein logging system also comprises gamma-ray source.

19, method as claimed in claim 18, wherein gamma-ray source can be measured and capture gamma radiation, non-resilient gamma radiation, natural gamma radiation and combination thereof.

20, method as claimed in claim 16 wherein becomes the generation of sub-model to be carried out by expert system.

21, method as claimed in claim 20, wherein expert system is selected from and comprises following group: neural network, the system based on genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic system, look-up table, cluster analysis system and combination thereof.

22, method as claimed in claim 16, wherein overall lithological composition model comprises determining the per unit volume concentration of grit, shale, carbonate, evaporitic rock, coal and combination thereof.

23, method as claimed in claim 16 also comprises the generation of specific lithological composition model.

24, method as claimed in claim 23, the specific lithological composition model that is wherein generated comprise determining the per unit volume concentration of quartz, feldspathic grit, stone matter grit, shale matter grit, calcium carbonate quartz, calcium carbonate feldspar grit, calcareousshale grit, the shale that is rich in iron, the shale that is rich in magnesium, muriacite, rauhkalk muriacite, calcareous muriacite, kalzit, rauhkalk kalzit and combination thereof.

25, method as claimed in claim 16, wherein mineral become sub-model to comprise determining the per unit volume concentration that is selected from the mineral that comprise following group: quartz, K-feldspar, soda feldspar, kalzit, rauhkalk, siderite, muriacite, illite, smectite, chlorite, smalite, glauconite, pyrite, haematite, rock salt and coal.

26, method as claimed in claim 16 also comprises and utilizes the additional pit shaft data of auxiliary log data source acquisition about the stratum.

27, method as claimed in claim 26, wherein auxiliary log data source comprises NMR log data, volume density data, resistivity data, sound wave or acoustic data, compensated neutron porosity data, photoelectric cross-section data, high-resolution inductolog data, volume density correction data, frequency spectrum gamma ray data, elementary errors caliper data, core data and combination thereof.

28, a kind of being used for formation lithology and the device measured of mineral around boring, this device comprises:

(a) Shen Chang main part;

(b) electromagnetic radiation system, this electromagnetic radiation system are utilized radiation irradiation to center on the stratum of at least a portion boring and measure received radiation after this radiation of earth-attenuation, this electromagnetic radiation system comprise following at least one:

(i) neutron source and neutron detector, and

(ii) gamma-ray source and gamma detector; And

(c) be coupled to the processor of electromagnetic radiation system, wherein this processor comprises by generating the lithological composition model and becomes sub-model to determine the lithology on stratum and the expert system of mineral with mineral.

29, device as claimed in claim 28, wherein neutron source is pulsed neutron source.

30, device as claimed in claim 28, wherein gamma radiation, non-resilient gamma radiation, natural gamma radiation or its combination are captured in the gamma-ray source emission.

31, device as claimed in claim 28, wherein expert system is selected from and comprises following group: neural network, the system based on genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic system, look-up table, cluster analysis system or its combination.

32, device as claimed in claim 28, wherein processor generated the lithological composition model before the generation mineral become sub-model.

33, device as claimed in claim 32, wherein the lithological composition model comprises overall lithological composition model, specific lithological composition model or overall lithological composition model and specific lithological composition model.

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