CN101498644B - Wettability measurement employing dynamic electricity and electroosmosis - Google Patents
Wettability measurement employing dynamic electricity and electroosmosis Download PDFInfo
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- CN101498644B CN101498644B CN 200810003266 CN200810003266A CN101498644B CN 101498644 B CN101498644 B CN 101498644B CN 200810003266 CN200810003266 CN 200810003266 CN 200810003266 A CN200810003266 A CN 200810003266A CN 101498644 B CN101498644 B CN 101498644B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for exploring strata by adopting dynamic electricity and/or electroosmosis measurement. In one demonstration, the method comprises the steps of generating pressure difference in the stratum nearest to a pitshaft, measuring the dynamic electricity characteristic caused by the pressure difference in the stratum nearest to the pitshaft, applying an electric field to the stratum nearest to the pitshaft, measuring the change of pressure generated in the stratum nearest to the pitshaft and caused by the electric field, and determining the wettability of the stratum nearest to the pitshaft through measuring the generated dynamic electricity characteristic and the change of generated pressure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to the sign to the stratum.More specifically, the present invention relates to utilize the moving electricity of measuring the stratum and/or equipment and the method that the electric osmose characteristic is determined the wetting state on stratum.
Background technology
Bulk petroleum is kept at oleophylic and mixes in wetting Carbonate Reservoir.By determining that the stratum is hydrophilic, oleophylic or mixes wettingly, can determine that guiding work is come in order to obtain oil in the position of oil.Rock wettability is the parameter of characterize reservoir, is difficult at the pit shaft in-site measurement.Intrusion district at the well that bores with oil-base mud has hydrophilic sandstone to become the sign of oleophylic.The wetting state knowledge of invading the district is particular importance in the understanding of Rxo and nuclear magnetic resonance record.Rock wettability can for example record by rocky core analysis and/or composite cable, and resistivity record, core record and nuclear magnetic resonance record come definite.
Yet in the technology that is used for determining wetting state, known the whole bag of tricks defectiveness comprises and measures a large amount of time of needs and need to provide and storage of radioactive materials.
The moving electric coupling constant of rock sample can be in the laboratory Measurement accuracy.The coupling constant of a large amount of hydrophilic rock samples is determined.David B.Pengra, Po-zen Wong, Low frequencyAC Electrokinetic (low-frequency ac moves electrodynamic), Colloids and Surfaces, 159 (1999) 283-292.Yet due to the restriction of measure geometry figure, on-the-spot in ground accurately the measuring coupling constant is more difficult.Sensor generally only is arranged in drilling well; Isolating a part of rock in order to measure is usually unpractiaca.Therefore, measurement must be carried out in open geometric figure, more easily is subjected to caused probabilistic impacts the such as nonuniformity, anisotropy, formation boundaries effect, drilling well effect.On principle, those problems that these problems and any cable the are measured problem of the accurate measured resistivity of wireline tool (for example, by) there is no difference.
Summary of the invention
Various embodiment of the present invention can process some defectives of prior art.The embodiments of the invention purpose is to determine wetting state according to moving electricity and/or electric osmose measurement.In hydrophilic rock, there is a kind of charged dipole layer on the interface between water and rock mass.Movable positive charge is in water, and motionless negative charge is in rock mass.Galvanic current and pressure gradient are proportional, and proportionality constant is the electric coupling constant.Fluid electric current and electric field are proportional, and proportionality constant is and the electric osmose coupling constant of moving the electric coupling constant and equating.
Moving electric coupling constant is the characteristic of rock, strongly depends on the wetting state of rock.In oil-wet rock, there is not the interface between rock mass and water.The substitute is interface and the oil-water boundary of rock mass and oil.The size of coupling constant and symbol can be used for distinguishing oil-wet rock and hydrophilic rock.As for mixing wetting rock, the value of its coupling constant can be between hydrophilic rock and oil-wet rock coupling constant value.By comparing from the database that the laboratory measurement of different rock cores and different mixed wettabilities is set up, the coupling constant of measuring in drilling well can be used for quantitatively characterizing and mixes wetting rock.
In one embodiment of the invention, a kind of method comprises: producing pressure reduction in the stratum near pit shaft; Measure near the electrokinetic potential of wellbore formation, this electrokinetic potential is caused by pressure reduction; By utilizing the measurement of flow electromotive force, determine the stratum wetting state near pit shaft.In certain embodiments, pressure reduction has the frequency less than 1Hz.In other embodiments, pressure reduction has seismic frequency.In other embodiments, pressure reduction has audio frequency.In other embodiments, pressure reduction has ultrasonic frequency.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a kind of method comprises: producing pressure reduction in the stratum near pit shaft; Measure the moving electrical characteristics near the generation of wellbore formation, the moving electrical characteristics that produce are caused by pressure reduction; Electric field is applied in the stratum near pit shaft; Measure the pressure that produces in the stratum near pit shaft and change, the pressure that produces changes and is caused by electric field; By utilizing the measurement of the moving electrical characteristics that produce and the measurement that the pressure that produces is changed, determine the wetting state near the stratum of pit shaft.
In another illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a kind of equipment for earth formation comprises: be suitable for producing the pressure reduction source of pressure reduction near the stratum of pit shaft; Be suitable for measuring the sensor near the electrokinetic potential on the stratum of pit shaft, this electrokinetic potential is caused by pressure reduction; Be suitable for determining processor near the wetting state on the stratum of pit shaft by the measurement that utilizes the flow electromotive force.
Another illustrative embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of equipment, and this equipment has: the pressure reduction source that is suitable for producing pressure reduction near the stratum of pit shaft; Be suitable for measuring the first sensor near the moving electrical characteristics of the generation on the stratum of pit shaft, the moving electrical characteristics that produce are caused by pressure reduction; At least one is applied to electric field near the electrode in the stratum of pit shaft; Be suitable for measuring the second sensor that the pressure that produces in the stratum near pit shaft changes, the pressure that produces changes and is caused by electric field; By utilizing the measurement of the moving electrical characteristics that produce and the measurement that the pressure that produces is changed, determine the processor near the wetting state on the stratum of pit shaft.
Description of drawings
To become clear according to herein description and accompanying drawing the present invention.
Figure 1A is the skeleton view of hydrophilic blowhole;
Figure 1B is the skeleton view of oil-wet rock hole;
Fig. 2 is schlumberger (Schlumberger) the modularization stratum Dynamic Test Vehicle (MDT of the first illustrative embodiment according to the present invention
TM) skeleton view of instrument;
Fig. 3 is the skeleton view of the moving electric tool of wired acoustics of the second illustrative embodiment according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the skeleton view of wired ultrasonic moving electric tool of the 3rd illustrative embodiment according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the skeleton view of the moving electric tool of the wired acoustics with mud cake removal tool of the 4th illustrative embodiment according to the present invention; With
Fig. 6 is the skeleton view of wired acoustics electric osmose instrument of the 5th illustrative embodiment according to the present invention.
Embodiment
Various embodiment of the present invention provides the method and apparatus that is used for determining with moving electricity and electric osmose measurement the stratum wetting state.Moving electric coupling constant and electric osmose coupling constant are equal to each other, and strongly rely on the wetting state of rock.The coupling constant of oil-wet rock can be much smaller than the coupling constant of hydrophilic rock, and its symbol can with the coupling constant opposite in sign of hydrophilic rock.The size of coupling constant and symbol can be used for distinguishing oil-wet rock and hydrophilic rock.For mixing wetting rock, the value of its coupling constant is between the value of the coupling constant of hydrophilic rock and oil-wet rock.According to some embodiment, by comparing from the database of setting up about the laboratory measurement of different rock cores and different mixed wettabilities, the coupling constant of measuring in pit shaft can be used for quantitatively characterizing and mixes wetting rock.
In hydrophilic rock, there is a kind of charged dipole layer on the interface between water and rock mass.Movable positive charge is in water, and motionless negative charge is in rock mass.The schematic diagram of hydrophilic rock mesoporosity 100 and oil-wet rock mesoporosity 200 as shown in Figure 1A and 1B.In Figure 1A, oil 110 is surrounded by water 120 basically.Water 120 and hydrophilic rock 130 contact in aqueous matrix interface 135 place's essence.The existence of charged dipole layer 140 causes two kinds of phenomenons: moving electricity and electric osmose.Moving electricity comprises by the pressure gradient generation current (galvanic current) in rock, and electric osmose is to produce fluid motion by the electric field in rock.Galvanic current and pressure gradient are proportional, and proportionality constant is the electric coupling constant.Flow and electric field are proportional, and proportionality constant is and the electric osmose coupling constant of moving the electric coupling constant and equating.Moving electric coupling constant is the characteristic of rock, strongly depends on the wetting state of rock.
In the reservoir rock of oleophylic, as shown in Figure 1B, there is no aqueous matrix interface and the charged dipole layer relevant with those interfaces.On the oleaginous base interface, the polar molecule in crude oil 210 can cause limited amount moving electric coupling.Water 220 is in large quantities away from oil-wet rock 230.Yet, owing to not having too many electric current to produce, estimate that the coupling in the hydrophilic rock of this coupling ratio is more weak from oleaginous base interface 235.Have some experimental evidences to show, the coupling constant order of magnitude of oil-wet rock even can be opposite symbol less than the coupling constant order of magnitude of hydrophilic rock.Saad F.Alkafeef, Meshal K.Algharaib, Abdullah F.Alajmi, Hydrodynamic thickness of petroleum oiladsorbed layers in the pores of reservoir rocks (at the hydraulic pressure thickness of oil reservoir rock hole PetroChina Company Limited. adsorbed layer), Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 298 (2006) p.13-19.
Charged dipole layer is the source of electric coupling.When fluid moves under institute's applied pressure gradient, movable positive charge will move along with fluid.Under direct current and quasi-stationary state, this charge movement causes electrokinetic potential (moving piezoelectric voltage changes).Under a-c cycle, this charge movement is the source of acoustic-electric coupling.When moving under the electric field that movable positive charge is applying, fluid will move together with electric charge.Under direct current and quasi-stationary state, this fluid motion is called as electric osmose.Under a-c cycle, this fluid motion is the source of electricity-acoustic coupling.The size of electrokinetic potential and electric osmose depends on moving electric coupling constant.The coupling constant that the explanation of the reciprocal theorem of Onsager is used for electrokinetic potential and is used for electric osmose is equal to each other.Under a-c cycle, the coupling constant that is used for sound-electric coupling and is used for electricity-acoustic coupling also is equal to each other and and frequency dependence.
Under earthquake, sound or ultrasonic frequency, moving electricity can be observed by measuring the electric signal that is caused by earthquake, sound or supersonic source.Earthquake, sound or ultrasonic signal that electric osmose can cause by the power supply of measuring by same frequency are observed.
Just as discussed above, the source of moving electricity and electric osmose is the charged dipole layer on the interface.Mathematic(al) representation can represent with following formula.
i＝-σ
V-L
p (1)
Current i in equation (1) has two.First is conduction current, with potential gradient
V or electric field E=(
V) proportional, proportionality constant is conductivity σ.Second is galvanic current, with pressure gradient
P and moving electric coupling constant L are directly proportional.Fluid electric current q also has two in equation (2).First is the electric osmose electric current, proportional with electric field and moving electric coupling constant.Describe Darcy stream for second: k is permeability, and μ is viscosity.
Electric field in the stratum and pressure combine by equation (1-2).As mentioned above, moving electricity has been described by pressure and has been changed generation current and change in voltage in the oil storage stratum.Under direct current and extremely low frequency, pressure changes and can produce by opening and closing operation valve and pump, by pressure sensor monitoring.Operation valve, pump and pressure transducer can be placed in pit shaft or on ground.Under earthquake, sound or ultrasonic frequency, pressure changes and can produce by being arranged in pit shaft or ground earthquake, sound or ultrasonic transmitter.The electric current (galvanic current) that produces and change in voltage (electrokinetic potential) can be measured by being connected to the electronic device that is arranged in the pit shaft electrode.Pressure changes, or earthquake, sound or ultrasonic signal will be called as for the transmitting of moving electricity, and curtage will be called as the reception signal.
Just as discussed above, electric osmose has been described and has been produced the fluid electric current by the electric field that applies in the oil storage stratum and pressure changes.The electric field that applies can be produced by the electronic device that is connected to the electrode that is arranged in pit shaft.Under direct current or extremely low frequency, the pressure of generation changes can be by being arranged in the pressure sensor monitoring of pit shaft.Under earthquake, sound or ultrasonic frequency, the pressure of generation changes can be by earthquake, sound or the ultrasonic receiver monitoring that is arranged in pit shaft.The electric field that applies will be called as for the transmitting of electric osmose, and pressure variation, earthquake, sound or ultrasonic signal will be called as the reception signal.
Electric field in the stratum and the stiffness of coupling between pressure are determined by coupling constant L.Because coupling is mainly produced by the charged dipole layer on the interface between rock mass and water, so coupling constant is oleophylic or hydrophilic very responsive to rock.The coupling constant of oil-wet rock is estimated smaller, can with the coupling constant opposite in sign of hydrophilic rock.Little coupling constant means, for the given intensity that transmits, the intensity that receives signal is weak.The coupling constant of hydrophilic rock and strong oil-wet rock is extremely different.The simple threshold value of the received signal strength that other transmit signal strength of given level is used can be used for distinguishing this two kinds of rocks.Coupling constant L can determine by solve an equation (1-2) according to transmitting and receiving signal.
The moving electric coupling constant order of magnitude of pure oil-wet rock is less than the coupling constant order of magnitude of hydrophilic rock.Therefore, if purpose of the present invention is only the hydrophilic rock of difference and pure oil-wet rock, the accuracy of coupling constant measurement may be unimportant in application more of the present invention.
In one embodiment, by for other transmit signal strength of given level with threshold application in received signal strength, can mutually distinguish strong oil-wet rock and hydrophilic rock.
There are many feasible methods to produce and measure the electrokinetic potential that moves in electricity in drilling well.Various embodiment of the present invention can utilize wireline tool to implement.In addition, electrokinetic potential and electric osmose can also be measured with well logging while drilling (LWD) instrument and/or fixed installation.
There is a certain amount of Invention Announce about measuring electrokinetic potential with the fixed installation in cable, well logging while drilling (LWD) and oil field.Example comprises: U.S. Patent No. 6,978,672 and the U.S. of Chen etc. openly apply for No.2005/280419A1; The U.S. of Chen etc. openly applies for No.2006/0125474; The U.S. of Chen etc. openly applies for No.2006/0089804; The U. S. application No.11/223 that submit in September, 2005 of Chen etc., 644; The U. S. application No.11223 that submit in September, 2005 of Chen etc., 676; The open application No.2005/0279495 of Chen etc.; Openly apply for No.2005/0279497 with the U.S. of Chen etc., be hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
The illustrative embodiment according to the present invention as unconfined example, can improve existing schlumberger modularization stratum Dynamic Test Vehicle (MDT by adding row's electrode 310
TM) instrument 300, as Fig. 2 schematically as shown in.Fluid can produce or the MDT from pit shaft 1010 from stratum 1000
TMProbe 320 is injected in stratum 1000, and corresponding electrokinetic potential can be used row's electrode measurement as shown in the figure.MDT
TMIn pressure transducer can be used for definitely stressor layer and fluid and inject or produce pressure.Due to MDT
TMProbe passes mud cake 1020, so the existence of mud cake 1020 is not problem.
When fluid is at first the probe place produces from the stratum or be injected into the stratum, pressure gradient will produce in the stratum.In very early time, the pressure gradient in shallow district is the highest.Streaming current and coupling constant are proportional, and proportional with pressure gradient.Therefore, in early days, electrokinetic potential is responsive to the wetting state of invading the district.In the later stage, pressure gradient diffuses into more depths, stratum, and it is more responsive to the wetting state of not invaded the district that electrokinetic potential becomes.Early time data has shallow investigation depth, and late time data has darker investigation depth.
Stated with being attached to MDT in the U.S. Patent No. 4,427,944 of Chandler of schlumberger technology company etc.
TM/ RFT
TMThe principle of the electrode measurement electrokinetic potential of type probe.In some instances, the improvement of MDT instrument can be simple as increasing an electrode.
According to pressure data and electrokinetic potential data, coupling constant can utilize fluid diffusion model to calculate.Thereby the wetting state that can determine the stratum according to size and the symbol of coupling constant.
Moving electricity can also be measured under audio frequency.Schematically show the moving electric tool 400 of wired acoustics in Fig. 3.By using cable 405 that this instrument is illustrated in pit shaft 1010.Exist on instrument 400: be used on the stratum 1000 pingers 410 that produce pressure vibrations, the acoustic receiver 420 of the pressure vibration size in one or more detections stratum 1000, the electrode 430 of one or more detection electrokinetic potentials.Can change moving electric coupling constant under audio frequency according to sound and electrical measurement.Because acoustical signal and electric signal can penetrate mud cake 1020, so the existence of mud cake 1020 is not problem.Can the electrokinetic potential that produce by sound wave in mud cake be afforded redress.
Alternatively or in addition, the pinger of Fig. 3, receiver and electrode are connected and optionally are arranged on the backing plate that connects the stratum.This layout will improve the acoustic coupling on stratum and help to be measured under ultrasonic frequency.Another example illustrates in Fig. 4, and wherein instrument 500 schematically illustrates with the form that connects near the backing plate of the mud cake 1020 on stratum 1000 in pit shaft 1010.Instrument 500 comprises ultrasonic transducer 510 and near near a plurality of electrodes 520 of the mud cake 1020 on stratum 1000.
Electricity-sound harmony-electrical measurement can be carried out under earthquake, sound or ultrasonic frequency.Due to moving electric coupling constant and frequency dependence, so exemplary embodiment can measure to simplify the explanation to wetting state under fixed frequency, although the present invention is not limited.In example, be easier to owing to producing narrow-band power supply ratio with signal high duty ratio and strong, so electricity-sound measurement makes electricity consumption transmitter and acoustic receiver.Because pavement noise under ultrasonic frequency is lower, so the frequency range of 50kHz～500kHz is suitable.Under higher ultrasonic frequency, may need to be arranged on the transducer on the backing plate that pushes the stratum, to avoid the decay in mud.One or more electrodes such as electric signal transmitter are arranged on backing plate, and the acoustic transducer of one or more reception acoustical signals.This measuring principle can produce continuous wetting state record.Investigation depth can be by controlling as the electric signal that accurately transmits in the resistivity record.Because to compare mud cake thickness little with investigation depth, should be little so come the signal of automatic electric coupling in mud cake.For oil-wet rock, can provide correction to the impact of hydrophilic mud cake.
An alternative embodiment of the invention is utilized similar configuration, but with seismic origin replacement sound or supersonic source, perhaps utilizes the seismic origin except sound or supersonic source.Instrument is to very similar with the borehole seismic exploration instrument that is positioned at the other electrode of seismicrophone.
Alternatively, can produce pressure pulse by temporary transient removal mud cake in the stratum.This can be by realizing with the mud cake removal device on instrument, as Fig. 5 schematically as shown in.Cutting edge 610 can substitute to remove mud cake by aspirator.Mud cake will be replied rapidly under unbalance pressure, but the pressure transient phenomenon produces in the stratum simultaneously.The pressure transient phenomenon produces the electrokinetic potential transition, and the electrokinetic potential transition detects by the electrode 620 of arranging.Mud cake removal device and electrode can optionally be positioned at by using contractile support arm 630 to push on the backing plate on stratum.
Having several different methods to carry out electric osmose in drilling well measures.A kind of method is to measure electric osmose under audio frequency.For example, schematically show wired acoustics electric osmose instrument 700 in Fig. 6, it has cable 705, and is arranged in pit shaft 1010.Have one to come the electrode 710 that audio frequency issues the radio signal on instrument, one or more acoustic receivers 720.Can be from the moving electric coupling constant of acoustical signal conversion under audio frequency of the power supply that monitors and reception.Measurement can also be carried out under earthquake and/or ultrasonic frequency.Another method is to have the acoustic receiver that connects the stratum.The acoustic receiver that connects the stratum will improve the intensity that receives signal, and avoid the confusion of Acoustic Wave Propagation in drilling well.Measurement can also be carried out under earthquake or ultrasonic frequency.
Many reservoirs have the wetting rock of mixing.In order to explain the field data of mixing in wetting reservoir, the different rocks that can just have different mixed wettabilities are done experiment and are come building database.If known rock type from other record, the coupling constant L that determines with field data just can compare to determine mixed wettability with database.For the mixed wettability of quantitatively characterizing rock, it is useful having the instrument that can enough accurately measure moving electric coupling constant.In one example, for the mixed wettability with new cable measuring principle quantitatively characterizing rock, can collect the data of at least three aspects: numerical simulation, laboratory examination, and on-site land survey.
Alternatively, the moving electric coupling constant of measuring in test at the scene can be compared with the laboratory measurement to rocky core.Preferably, the wetting state of guaranteeing the rocky core preserved does not change in coring and rejuvenation.
Here illustrative embodiment, embodiment and example are illustrative and nonrestrictive.Described for example the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the situation that do not break away from the modifications and changes that spirit of the present invention is done embodiment.The characteristic of above-described embodiment and feature can be combined with.Preferred embodiment is only illustrative, should not be interpreted as by any way it is restrictive.
Claims (23)
1. the method for an earth formation comprises step:
Producing pressure reduction in stratum near pit shaft;
Measure the electrokinetic potential near the stratum of pit shaft, this electrokinetic potential is produced by described pressure reduction;
At least one in electric osmose coupling constant by utilizing the stratum of being derived by the measurement of flow electromotive force and the moving electric coupling constant on stratum determined the wetting state near the stratum of pit shaft.
2. method claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the step that produces pressure reduction, pressure reduction has the frequency less than 1Hz.
3. method claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the step that produces pressure reduction, pressure reduction has seismic frequency.
4. method claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the step that produces pressure reduction, pressure reduction has audio frequency.
5. method claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the step that produces pressure reduction, pressure reduction has ultrasonic frequency.
6. method claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the step of determining wetting state, determine described moving electric coupling constant, and by determining the mixed wettability value with reference to a plurality of moving electric coupling constant relevant to a plurality of mixed wettability values of known rock type.
7. the method for an earth formation comprises step:
Electric field is applied to stratum near pit shaft;
The pressure that measurement produces in the stratum near pit shaft changes, and the pressure that produces changes and caused by electric field;
Determine wetting state near the stratum of pit shaft by utilizing by at least one in the moving electric coupling constant on the electric osmose coupling constant on the stratum that the measurement of the pressure that produces is derived and stratum.
8. method claimed in claim 7, wherein, in applying the step of electric field, electric field has the frequency less than 1Hz.
9. the method for an earth formation comprises step:
Producing pressure reduction in stratum near pit shaft;
Measure the moving electrical characteristics near the generation on the stratum of pit shaft, the moving electrical characteristics that produce are caused by pressure reduction;
Electric field is applied to stratum near pit shaft;
The pressure that measurement produces in the stratum near pit shaft changes, and the pressure that produces changes and caused by electric field;
By utilizing by at least one in the moving electric coupling constant on the electric osmose coupling constant on the stratum of deriving to the measurement of the moving electrical characteristics that produce with to the measurement that the pressure that produces changes and stratum, determine the wetting state near the stratum of pit shaft.
10. method claimed in claim 9 wherein, in the step of determining wetting state, is made comparisons at least one in electric osmose coupling constant and moving electric coupling constant with the data corresponding to a plurality of mixed wettability values of known rock type.
11. method claimed in claim 9, wherein, in the step of measuring the moving electrical characteristics that produce, moving electrical characteristics are streaming currents.
12. method claimed in claim 9, wherein, in the step of measuring the moving electrical characteristics that produce, moving electrical characteristics are electrokinetic potentials.
13. method claimed in claim 9 wherein, determines that the step of wetting state comprises: at least one during the moving electrical characteristics that produce and the pressure that produces are changed made comparisons with threshold value, with definite be oleophylic or hydrophilic near the stratum of pit shaft.
14. an equipment that is used for earth formation comprises:
The pressure reduction source, it is suitable for producing pressure reduction in the stratum near pit shaft;
Sensor, it is suitable for measuring the electrokinetic potential near the stratum of pit shaft, and this electrokinetic potential is caused by pressure reduction; And
Processor, it is suitable for determining wetting state near the stratum of pit shaft by at least one in the moving electric coupling constant on the electric osmose coupling constant of utilizing the stratum of being derived by the measurement of flow electromotive force and stratum.
15. the described equipment of claim 14, wherein, the frequency less than 1Hz is sent in described pressure reduction source.
16. the described equipment of claim 14, wherein, seismic frequency is sent in described pressure reduction source.
17. the described equipment of claim 14, wherein, audio frequency is sent in described pressure reduction source.
18. the described equipment of claim 14, wherein, ultrasonic frequency is sent in described pressure reduction source.
19. the described equipment of claim 14 wherein, is integrated in groups wireline tool and one of well logging while drilling instrument to major general's pressure reduction source and sensor.
20. an equipment that is used for earth formation comprises:
The pressure reduction source, it is suitable for producing pressure reduction in the stratum near pit shaft;
First sensor, it is suitable for measuring the moving electrical characteristics near the generation on the stratum of pit shaft, and the moving electrical characteristics that produce are caused by pressure reduction;
At least one electrode, it is used for electric field is applied to stratum near pit shaft;
The second sensor, it is suitable for measuring the pressure that produces and changes in the stratum near pit shaft, and the pressure that produces changes and is caused by electric field; And
Processor, it is suitable for determining wetting state near the stratum of pit shaft by utilizing by at least one in the moving electric coupling constant on the electric osmose coupling constant on the stratum of deriving to the measurement of the moving electrical characteristics that produce with to the measurement that the pressure that produces changes and stratum.
21. the described equipment of claim 20, wherein, described first sensor is measured streaming current.
22. the described equipment of claim 20, wherein, described first sensor is measured electrokinetic potential.
23. the described equipment of claim 20 wherein, is integrated in groups wireline tool and one of well logging while drilling instrument to major general's pressure reduction source, first sensor and the second sensor.
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| CN102384886A (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2012-03-21 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Rock electrokinetic permeability measurement method |
| CN103207133B (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Apparatus for measuring wetting condition of surface of metal in oil/water double phase flow system, and method thereof |
| CN109507241B (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2022-08-02 | 北京康普瑞基石油工程技术有限公司 | Method and equipment for measuring rock wettability by resistance method |
| CN112268840B (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2023-02-03 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Test device and method for testing wettability resistance of coating |
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