CN101496249B - 耗电实时管理和调节方法及*** - Google Patents

耗电实时管理和调节方法及*** Download PDF

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CN101496249B
CN101496249B CN2007800281338A CN200780028133A CN101496249B CN 101496249 B CN101496249 B CN 101496249B CN 2007800281338 A CN2007800281338 A CN 2007800281338A CN 200780028133 A CN200780028133 A CN 200780028133A CN 101496249 B CN101496249 B CN 101496249B
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J-M·乌里
B·海因茨
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00004—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the power network being locally controlled
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00028—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • H02J2310/14—The load or loads being home appliances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/242—Home appliances

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种实时管理和调节用户组的耗电的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：实时测量在操作中的多个电设备目标组的耗电，各设备组位于用户住宅中，借助位于用户住宅中的电调节模块来执行对该设备的消耗测量；由所述消耗测量单元发送到中央服务器；如果在给定时刻，总设置指示应当取消某个总功率，则服务器向所述单元中的某些单元发送指令以有选择地和暂时地切断向电设备的电力供应；这些单元接收和执行由所述服务器发送的指令。本发明也涉及一种适于该方法的***。

Description

耗电实时管理和调节方法及***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种实时管理和调节用户组的耗电的方法和一种特别适合于该方法的***。
本发明更具体地涉及测量、监视和调整由多个用户消耗的电量，以便将其减少已预定水平的问题。
背景技术
词语“用户组”应当理解为分散于广阔区域的数千或数十万用户地点。
在发电和耗电之间平衡的技术问题由于消耗变化和不可能存储电能而成为当前问题。该约束要求发电商应当能够具有在任何时刻而不是仅在高峰消耗时段中调整生产的手段。
根据文献EP 1548451已知一种旨在用以监视大量用户的能耗的远程读取和管理耗电的***。设置该***以保证整个网络的连续操作，特别是考虑到了由于过度消耗造成的全面停电风险。为此，该***提供了能够修改电表发送的数据以便局部和暂时减少与该电表关联的电器组的能耗。
然而，该***没有提供独立于电表来灵敏地和实时地调节位于用户住宅中的目标电气设备组的耗电的可能性。
专利申请WO 03084022描述一种调节用户组的耗电的方法和***，该方法和***包括通过位于各用户住宅中的模块对设备的供电电路进行监视来实时测量耗电。用户的模块将测量发送到中央服务器，该中央服务器可以有选择地切断向设备的电力供应。该***使得能够通过限制消耗峰值来调整消耗。然而，该***没有使得能够保证持久的消耗平衡以便使消耗适应于生产水平。
发明内容
为了满足这些需要，本发明提供一种方法，使得能够在给定时刻考虑大量用户中各用户的需要和可能性的情况下实时管理和调节该大量用户的耗电以便持续保证在发电与消耗之间平衡。
为此，根据第一方面，本发明提出一种实时管理和调节用户组的耗电的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
a)实时和连续测量在操作中的多个电设备目标组的耗电，各设备组位于用户住宅中，借助位于用户住宅中的电调节模块来单独或者整体执行对该设备的消耗测量，各模块与该设备的电力供应电路直接链接；
b)所述模块将消耗测量用“推送”模式发送到编程用以读取和分析这些数据的中央服务器；
c)连续建立各用户的单独消耗简档，以根据消耗简档推断对用户的消耗和可用容量的单独预计；
d)在给定时刻根据所述可用容量建立全局设置点以表明应当取消某个总功率，并且所述服务器向根据设置点和在各地点已经发生的调节历史而选择的所述模块中的某模块发送指令以有选择地和暂时地切断向与所述某模块链接的电设备的电力供应；
e)这些模块接收和执行由所述服务器发送的指令。
在各模块与电力供应电路之间的“直接链路”表达方式应当理解为本地或者远程有线链路和例如借助红外线或者无线电波的无线链路。该链路使模块能够控制放置于电路上的继电器，该继电器能够切断向相关目标组的电力供应。
因此，根据本发明的方法的功能在于借助安装于相关用户住宅中的模块来远程触发对许多用户住宅中的电设备切断目标供电电路组。
通过实时和连续收集设备消耗的功率来以该组作为目标：可以根据这些观测的功率来分发切断指令以便满足在给定时刻的全局设置点。在发送的设置点要取消某个总功率的情况下，确定所切断的电路以实现该功率。
因此，在根据本发明的方法中所使用的模块各自处理若干功能：
-其持久测量与其链接的电设备的各项的消耗；
-其在“推送”模式中将这些测量发送到聚集这些测量的中央服务器并且连续建立各用户的消耗的单独简档并且可以指示中断；
-其接收和执行指令以暂时中断与其链接的某些电路。
因而，这些模块是用于测量、保存和发送数据而且接收和工作以尽其所能地实现有选择的切断，即切断向相关用户的电装置的目标部分的电力供应。
本发明的服务器包括如下装置，该装置用于处理对从模块接收的数据的记录和处理以及用于基于进行中的学习来馈给模块从而使得能够连续建立各用户的消耗简档并根据消耗简档来建立对将来消耗以及因而对可用资源的预计。由于在服务器与模块之间的发送装置，于是能够有选择地在某些模块上实时工作以使消耗适应于可用生产。
根据本发明的方法也使得能够有利地提供通过下载文件和软件来更新和/或修改中央服务器的至少一个电调节模块的程序。
根据一个优选实施例，各电调节模块相对于其它模块且相对于地点的电装置的其它单元、特别是安装于该地点的其它监视或者测量设备以独立方式操作。因此，术语“独立”在这里特别地意味着各模块独立于其它模块来操作。
在根据本发明的方法中所使用的各模块可以由一个或数个单元形成。当模块在单个单元中时，这具有紧凑和易于安装的优点。然而视境况而定，相反，提供包括各有不同功能的数个单元的模块可能是有利的。
借助有线(PSTN)或者无线(如GSM)交换网络或者优选地通过有线网络如ADSL或者无线网络如GPRS根据IP协议通过分组数据发送来执行将数据从模块发送到中央服务器。该发送模式具有以下优点：不仅使得能够在电路的开关会造成拥塞时监视大量模块并且能够以合理成本管理大量模块。
根据本发明的方法也可以包括测量对电设备目标组或者用户的所有或部分电设备的耗电进行补充的数据，通过除了电调节模块之外并且与电调节模块建立链接的测量设备来执行所述测量。这些补充数据例如旨在使得能够检验或验证电调节模块直接发送的数据。
根据第二方面，本发明的主题内容是一种用于实时管理和调节用户组的耗电的***，该***包括：
-多个电调节模块，各模块连续地与形成目标组的一部分的电设备的电力供应电路直接链接，所述电设备目标组和所述模块位于用户住宅中，所述模块被编程以实时测量和保存各目标组的耗电数据、将所述数据发送到中央服务器、接收和执行来自所述服务器的指令；
-在推送模式中将数据从所述模块发送到所述中央服务器的装置；
-中央服务器，包括如下装置，该装置一方面用于读取和分析所述模块发送的所述数据并且在此基础上建立各用户的消耗简档，而另一方面用于向所述模块中的某个模块发送指令以有选择地和暂时地切断向与所述模块链接的所述电设备的电力供应，以便在给定时刻满足全局设置点取消某个总功率；
-将指令从所述中央服务器发送到所述模块的装置；以及
-有选择地和暂时地切断向所述电设备的电力供应的装置。
出于上述原因，各电调节模块相对于其它模块和相对于地点的电装置的其它单元以独立方式工作是有利的。
根据本发明的***的中央服务器可以包括更新和/或修改各电调节模块的程序的装置。
根据本发明的***的各电调节模块可以由一个或者数个单元形成。
在根据本发明的***中，将数据从模块发送到中央服务器的装置优选为有线(PSTN)或无线(如GSM)交换网络或者通过有线如ADSL或无线网络如GPRS根据IP协议进行分组数据发送的装置。
根据本发明的***也可以包括能够提供对电设备目标组或者用户的所有或部分电设备的耗电进行补充的测量数据的测量设备，所述设备不同于所述电调节模块并且各设备与所述模块之一链接。
根据本发明的***具有以下优点：向发电商提供调整和平衡能力从而使得能够适应于特别是在欧洲的电力市场。在实践中，这些能力构成由输送***运营商(TSO)管理的作为受管制市场的对象的资源。这些市场通常在当日按照对下一日的预期来运营，而具有调整能力的参与者将其呈现给运营商(TSO)并且详述其范围，即针对下一日的各小时或半小时来调节的电力。随后，如有必要则运营商使用这些能力以不断地平衡调整与消耗。
该***也使得能够以旋转方式管理大量模块上的消耗中断分布以便限制断电给各用户造成的不便。
附图说明
本发明的其它目的和优点将从参照附图给出的以下描述中变得清楚，在附图中：
-图1是使得能够实施根据本发明方法的整个***的示意图表示；
-图2是可以构成可以在根据本发明的方法中使用的电调节模块的各种单元或模块的示意图表示。
具体实施方式
图1中表示的根据本发明的***依赖于用户住宅中安装的电调节模块1。该模块1安装于各用户的电装置的专用部分中，即安装于电表下游并且独立于电表。模块1连接到向用户住宅中的目标设备3供电的电路选集2。
根据所示实施例，各模块处理三个功能，这三个功能可以由图1和图2中图示的三个不同模块A、B和C实施。
模块A对应于电信模块，该模块包括GPRS调制解调器及其天线(内置或远程)或者包括(通过Wi-Fi、DECT、CPL或其它方式)通向ADSL调制解调器的链路。
模块B对应于具体用于收集、保存测量数据和中断供电的数据处理模块。借助在Linux中运行的PC来实施这些功能，该PC具有闪存卡和数据采集管理软件，该软件控制数据存储及其向远程通信模块A的传输。
该软件也能够经由远程通信模块A从中央服务器接收使其执行以下操作的指令：
-发送数据；
-更新其工作所基于的数据采集和处理参数；
-触发电路监视模块；
-保存所接收指令的日志；以及
-向中央服务器确认其接收。
模块C是使得能够测量和中断电力供应的电监视模块。其包括比如感应回路的测量设备C1以及继电器C2，其中经由该继电器来发送任何断电指令。
所示***还包括外部测量数据采集模块D。
该***包括大量该模块，这些模块从中央聚集和控制平台4一起远程进行操作。
以该方式进行控制，从而模块1使得能够不仅提供准确信息而且提供双向通信信道和随需取消的能力。

Claims (10)

1.一种实时管理和调节用户组的耗电的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a)实时和连续测量在操作中的多个电设备目标组的耗电，各电设备目标组位于所述用户组的各用户住宅中，借助位于用户住宅中的电调节模块来单独或者整体执行对各电设备目标组的设备的消耗测量，各电调节模块与各电设备目标组的设备的电力供应电路直接链接；
b)所述电调节模块将消耗测量用“推送”模式发送到编程用以读取和分析这些数据的中央服务器；
c)连续建立各用户的电设备目标组的单独消耗简档，以根据消耗简档来推断对用户的消耗和可用容量的单独预计；
d)在给定时刻根据所述可用容量，由所述中央服务器实时建立全局设置点以表明应当取消特定总功率，并且所述中央服务器向根据设置点和在各住宅已经发生的调节历史而选择的所述电调节模块中的特定模块发送指令，以有选择地和暂时地切断向与所述特定模块链接的所述电设备的电力供应，从而持续保证在发电与消耗之间平衡；
e)这些电调节模块接收和执行由所述中央服务器发送的指令。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，包括更新和/或修改来自所述中央服务器的所述电调节模块中至少一个电调节模块的程序。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，每个住宅中的各电调节模块相对于其它电调节模块且相对于所述每个住宅的电装置的其它单元以独立方式操作。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，借助有线或无线交换网络或者通过根据IP协议的经由有线或无线网络的分组数据发送来执行将所述消耗测量从所述电调节模块发送到所述中央服务器的操作。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括测量对各电设备目标组或者所述用户的电设备目标组中一部分的耗电进行补充的数据，通过除了所述电调节模块之外并且与所述电调节模块建立链接的测量设备来执行所述测量。
6.一种用于实时管理和调节用户组的耗电的***，其特征在于包括：
-多个电调节模块，各电调节模块与形成目标组的一部分的电设备的电力供应电路直接链接，所述目标组和所述电调节模块位于用户住宅中，所述电调节模块被编程以连续实时测量和保存各目标组的耗电数据、将所述数据发送到中央服务器、接收和执行来自所述中央服务器的指令；
-在推送模式中将数据从所述电调节模块发送到所述中央服务器的装置；
-中央服务器，包括如下装置，该装置一方面用于读取和分析所述电调节模块发送的所述数据并且在此基础上建立各用户的目标组的单独消耗简档，而另一方面用于向所述电调节模块中的特定模块发送指令，以有选择地和暂时地切断向与所述特定模块链接的所述电设备的电力供应，以便在给定时刻满足所述中央服务器实时建立的全局设置点来取消特定总功率，从而持续保证在发电与消耗之间平衡；
-将指令从所述中央服务器发送到所述电调节模块的装置；以及
-有选择地和暂时地切断向与所述特定模块链接的所述电设备的电力供应的装置。
7.如权利要求6所述的***，其特征在于，所述中央服务器包括更新和/或修改各电调节模块的程序的装置。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的***，其特征在于，各电调节模块由一个或数个单元形成。
9.如权利要求6所述的***，其特征在于，所述将数据从所述电调节模块发送到所述中央服务器的装置是有线或无线交换网络，或者是经由有线或无线网络进行分组数据发送的装置。
10.如权利要求6所述的***，其特征在于，还包括能够提供对所述电设备目标组或者所述住宅的目标组中一部分的耗电进行补充的测量数据的测量设备，所述测量设备不同于所述电调节模块并且各测量设备与所述电调节模块之一链接。
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US20100030391A1 (en) 2010-02-04
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