CN101491222A - Constitution and seed selection method of fresh-water Unio douglasiae family - Google Patents
Constitution and seed selection method of fresh-water Unio douglasiae family Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to establishment of a fresh water pearl breeding oyster line and a seed selection method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: 1, selecting non-pearl containing parent oysters with the same age, body length and body height, high vitality, normal body characteristics, and the body weight 15 percent higher than the average body weight, or pearl containing parent oysters with the pearl yield 20 percent higher than the average pearl containing amount from fresh water pearl breeding oysters, and taking the parent oysters as parent oysters for selection with the male and female ratio of 1 to 5:1 and the selection intensity of 0.2 to 20 per mille; 2, after the copulation of the parent oysters, separately culturing the filial generations of each line; and 3, carrying out the optimization in the four critical fresh water pearl breeding oyster growth periods of an infant oyster period, a child oyster period, an adult oyster period (pearl breeding period) and a prematuration period; carrying out the statistics of the indexes of the lines including the average body weight, the body length, the body height, the uniformity, and the like, selecting about 1/3 a line with a high growth rate, a high survival rate and high yield as parent oysters for reservation; and repeating the steps1, 2 and 3, and selecting 1 to 7 generations. The method can be used to breed the fresh water pearl breeding oyster lines which have high quality, high and stable yield and strong resistance to diseases and are suitable for the culture environment in our country.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seed selection of fresh water pearl culturing clam improved seeds, is a kind of foundation and selection of fresh water pearl culturing clam family specifically.
Background technology
Deterioration of variety is to influence one of key issue of pearl culture sustainable and stable development, selects to produce the bivalves new varieties of the strong or strong stress resistance of pearl ability by seed selection, can alleviate the influence that disease and environmental deterioration are cultured bivalves equally.At present, the work of China's bivalves seed selection is in the starting stage, by crossbreeding, technical methods such as colony's seed selection tentatively select the new varieties (being) of the several pearl culturing clams of only a few, however the new varieties that above-mentioned bivalves crossbreeding selects, often performance is single, weigh output, and ignored the disease resistance of pearl culturing clam, cause resistance poor.
Family selective breeding is as the important means of animal varieties improvement, in the seed selection of fowl poultry kind, brought into play important function, huge economic benefit and social benefit have been produced, the breed improvement of aquatic livestock has bigger difficulty owing to its breed characteristics and reproductive biology characteristic, though obtaining very big achievement aspect the breed improvement of fish in recent years, but aspect fresh water pearl culturing clam, also do not relate to the relevant report of perfect family selective breeding both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of output height, the survival rate height, disease resistance is strong, the foundation and the selection of a kind of fresh water pearl culturing clam family of good stress resistance.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: 1. in fresh water pearl culturing clam alternative go out energetic, physical trait is normal, age, body is long, height is identical, but body weight is measured greater than the close freshwater mussel of the average bosom pearl oyster of bosom pearl amount more than 20% greater than the non-bosom pearl parent freshwater mussel or the product pearl of average weight more than 15%, as alternative close freshwater mussel, male and female are than being 1-5: 1, and selection intensity is 0.2-20 ‰; 2. close freshwater mussel post-coitum, the offspring of each family separately cultures separately; 3. children's freshwater mussel phase critical period of fresh water pearl culturing clam growth, little freshwater mussel phase, become the freshwater mussel phase (growing cultured pearls the phase), the prematuration period four-stage be the family selective breeding critical period, carry out preferred; Measure the survival rate of each family of statistics, average weight, body is long, height, biological indicators such as the uniformity are eliminated that growth rate is slow, survival rate is low, are produced about 2/3 little family of pearl amount, the fast growth of only selecting and remain, survival rate height, produce about 1/3 big family of pearl amount and give over to standby close freshwater mussel;
Repeat above-mentioned 1., 2. and 3. step, select 1-7 generation.
The present invention has following advantage: by the foundation to the different familys of fresh water pearl culturing clam, it is strong to select high-quality, high yield, stable yields, premunition, and the fresh water pearl culturing clam family of suitable China breeding environment.The fresh water pearl culturing clam that selects can improve product pearl ability more than 20%.And the inbreeding by male and female freshwater mussel in mating between the different familys of fresh water pearl culturing clam and the family, the genetics characteristic and the differentiation situation of research pearl culturing clam.
Embodiment
In fresh water pearl culturing clam alternative go out energetic, physical trait is normal, age, body is long, height is identical, but body weight is measured greater than on average producing the close freshwater mussel of the bosom pearl oyster of pearl amount more than 20% greater than the non-bosom pearl parent freshwater mussel or the product pearl of average weight more than 15%, male and female are than being 1-5: 1, selection intensity is 0.2-20 ‰, each only female freshwater mussel lays eggs separately, selfing is assigned to and grows seedlings, forms, each is all raisings respectively of offspring of female freshwater mussel only, set up family, constantly eliminate during the breed, remaining family is as the basic family of seed selection of future generation; Children's freshwater mussel phase critical period, the little freshwater mussel phase of fresh water pearl culturing clam growth, become the freshwater mussel phase (growing cultured pearls the phase), the prematuration period four-stage be the family selective breeding critical period, carry out preferred.
The foundation of fresh water pearl culturing clam family comprises hydriopsis cumingii, cristaria plicata, Chidie clam and assorted certainly, hybridization freshwater mussel thereof.The object that the parent selects can be wild ancestor freshwater mussel, breeding freshwater mussel and cherish pearl oyster.In selection be age-based, body is long, height is identical, but body weight is measured greater than on average producing the close freshwater mussel of the bosom pearl oyster of pearl amount more than 20% greater than the non-bosom pearl parent freshwater mussel or the product pearl of average weight more than 15%, as alternative close freshwater mussel, male and female are than being 1-5: 1, and selection intensity is 0.2-20 ‰.
When setting up family, close freshwater mussel mating can be to set up after the selfing, also can be that the hybridization back is set up.The principle that is 1 male freshwater mussel and the only female freshwater mussel mating of 1-5 when mating is carried out mating, and the only female freshwater mussel of 2-5 institute postpartum is on behalf of with the different female family half sibs of father, every female freshwater mussel institute postpartum on behalf of with the father with female family full-sibs.And each freshwater mussel seedling that only close freshwater mussel produced is cultured separately in a nursery pond, supports to the young freshwater mussel that can sell, and the young freshwater mussel of each family is separately cultured separately in one or several and cultures in the pond.
And, in the pearl culturing clam selection course, in the little freshwater mussel phase, measure the survival rate of each family of statistics, average weight, body is long, height, biological indicators such as the uniformity, selective body is long, height is basic identical, and body weight is greater than the individuality more than 15%, the test of growing cultured pearls, and other is in advance to eliminate, grow cultured pearls behind the 1-4, the detection ability of growing cultured pearls selects to produce the big individuality of pearl amount parent in support, and selection rate is less than 10%.Now, select 1-7 generation by this method.Perhaps directly the little freshwater mussel phase, become the freshwater mussel phase (growing cultured pearls the phase), the prematuration period three phases in each stage or a certain stage carry out virus, courses of infection, add up the survival rate in each stage, average weight, long, the height of body are after the uniformity.Selective body is long, height is identical, and body weight greater than more than 15%, the high family of survival rate parent in support, each stage of selection intensity is all at 1-15%.By this method, select 1-7 generation again.Also can carry out simultaneously by above-mentioned dual mode, promptly carry out the breeding process after little freshwater mussel is planted sheet, virus, courses of infection are selected with index as stated above.Each family keeps more than 5 as the standby close freshwater mussel of setting up family, and accelerating is grown seedlings, and proceeds seed selection, and each family finally will keep the offspring of female freshwater mussel of some as the seed of going down to posterity, and the seed of every freshwater mussel of the family that goes down to posterity is cultured separately from start to finish.
The young freshwater mussel phase of fresh water pearl culturing clam growth, little freshwater mussel phase, become the freshwater mussel phase (growing cultured pearls the phase), the prematuration period four-stage be the family selective breeding critical period, carry out preferred; Measure the survival rate of each family of statistics, average weight, body is long, height, biological indicators such as the uniformity are eliminated that growth rate is slow, survival rate is low, are produced about 2/3 little family of pearl amount, the fast growth of only selecting and remain, survival rate height, produce about 1/3 big family of pearl amount and give over to standby close freshwater mussel.
During parent's freshwater mussel mating, if set up self-fertilization family (sff), can make between offspring's the male and female individuality of same freshwater mussel and carry out mating, normal seed selection should be avoided the close freshwater mussel mating between compatriot or family half sibs, female freshwater mussel between different familys and the exchange of male freshwater mussel can be carried out mating.If set up the hybridization family, but the mode of crossbreeding is carried out.The standard of family selective breeding comprises: the body weight of close freshwater mussel, body length, height, product pearl ability, the egg laying amount of female freshwater mussel, incubation rate, young freshwater mussel vigor, the disease-resistant degeneration-resistant ability of the uniformity of little freshwater mussel, average weight, body length, height, each family.This technology is applicable to that fairly large nursery or cultivation base carry out the breed improvement of fresh water pearl culturing clam, and little nursery can be united mutually, according to strength and the scale of oneself, determines to set up separately what of family, carries out the exchange of female freshwater mussel or male freshwater mussel then.What of close freshwater mussel quantity the population scale that wherein is used for seed selection promptly use, and can do suitable adjustment according to the scale of cultivation base and nursery.
Embodiment 1:
1) from pearl culturing clam---hydriopsis cumingii 100000 is merely hit, optimize energetic, physical trait is normal, age, body is long, height is identical, but body weight greater than average weight more than 15% non-bosom pearl parent freshwater mussel or produce the pearl amount and produce 50 pairs in the bosom pearl oyster of pearl amount more than 20% as alternative close freshwater mussel greater than average, the female freshwater mussel of each post-coitum is put in respectively in the pond, grow seedlings in the usual way, from growing seedlings to forming, the offspring of each pearl culturing clam raises respectively, optimize 120 familys, constantly eliminate during the breed and grow in the family slowly, the individuality of resistance difference and growth are slow, the family of resistance difference, select growth fast in the residue family, survival rate height, comparatively uniform 50 familys of size are as the basic family of seed selection of future generation:
2) by the principle of 1 male freshwater mussel and 3 female freshwater mussel mating, by artificial propagation, 3 female freshwater mussel institute postpartum is on behalf of with the different female family half sibs of father, every female freshwater mussel institute postpartum on behalf of with the father with female family full-sibs.
3) carry out preferably in children's freshwater mussel phase critical period, little freshwater mussel phase, one-tenth freshwater mussel phase, the prematuration period of pearl culturing clam growth.
1. the young freshwater mussel phase: freshwater mussel seedling hatching back selection vigor is good, the strong freshwater mussel seedling of physique is as initial seed selection family, selected each freshwater mussel seedling that only close freshwater mussel produced is cultured separately in a nursery pond, support about 1cm, the young freshwater mussel of each family is cultured separately in one or several and cultures in the pond.The statistics survival rate.
The 2. little freshwater mussel phase: be chosen to motility rate and be higher than 80% young freshwater mussel family, continue to cultivate, support to little freshwater mussel (1-8cm).Alternative.
3. become the freshwater mussel phase: add up the survival rate of each family, become the average weight of freshwater mussel, long at body, height is identical, selects body weight to be higher than the little freshwater mussel of average weight more than 15%, optimizes 50-1000 to culturing into freshwater mussel in the high family group of survival rate.Alternative.
4. the prematuration period: select body weight greater than more than 20% from 120 familys of being supported, body is long, height is identical, and the uniformity is better, and survival rate is higher than 50 familys of 90%.Selective body is long in each family again, height is identical, and body weight as the family that finally goes down to posterity, generally stays 200 pairs of conducts to set up the standby close freshwater mussel of family greater than the individuality more than 15%, and accelerating is grown seedlings, and proceeds seed selection, and other close freshwater mussel can be used as production or sells.
5. disease-resistant seed selection: in the little freshwater mussel phase or become the freshwater mussel phase, or this two period virus inoculation or germ, select, selecting and remain does not have dead freshwater mussel through infection.This step is undertaken by seed selection person's desirability.
Repeat said process 1-7 generation.
Our 50 familys having set up according to the method described above, seed selection are to the third generation, and 10 familys are wherein arranged, and it produces pearl amount than general growth more than 25%.
Embodiment 2:
1) from pearl culturing clam---Chidie clam * hydriopsis cumingii hybridization freshwater mussel 50000 is merely hit, optimize energetic, physical trait is normal, age, body is long, height is identical, but body weight greater than 200 pairs of the close freshwater mussel of average weight more than 25% as alternative close freshwater mussel, the female freshwater mussel of each post-coitum is put in respectively in the pond, grow seedlings in the usual way, from growing seedlings to forming, the offspring of each pearl culturing clam raises respectively, optimize 90 familys, constantly eliminate during the breed and grow in the family slowly, the individuality of resistance difference and growth are slow, the family of resistance difference selects growth fast in the residue family, survival rate height, comparatively uniform 15 familys of size are as the basic family of seed selection of future generation:
2) by the principle of 1 male freshwater mussel and 5 female freshwater mussel mating, by artificial propagation, 5 female freshwater mussel institute postpartum is on behalf of with the different female family half sibs of father, every female freshwater mussel institute postpartum on behalf of with the father with female family full-sibs.
3) carry out preferably in children's freshwater mussel phase critical period, little freshwater mussel phase, the phase of growing cultured pearls, the prematuration period of pearl culturing clam growth.
1. the young freshwater mussel phase: freshwater mussel seedling hatching back selection vigor is good, the strong freshwater mussel seedling of physique is as initial seed selection family, selected each freshwater mussel seedling that only close freshwater mussel produced is cultured separately in a nursery pond, support about 1cm, the young freshwater mussel of each family is cultured separately in one or several and cultures in the pond.The statistics survival rate.
The 2. little freshwater mussel phase: be chosen to motility rate and be higher than 90% young freshwater mussel family, continue to cultivate, support to little freshwater mussel (1-8cm).Alternative.
3. grow cultured pearls the phase: select that above-mentioned body is long, height is identical, but body weight is higher than the little freshwater mussel of average weight more than 20%, plants the test of sheet cultured pearl.Each family is only planted sheet 200-100000, divides and supports.
4. disease-resistant seed selection: to above-mentioned bosom pearl oyster virus inoculation or germ, select, selecting and remain does not have the freshwater mussel of death through infection.
5. the prematuration period: select from 90 familys of being supported that body is long, height is identical, produce the pearl amount greater than more than 20%, the uniformity is better, 15 familys that the familys conduct is finally gone down to posterity that survival rate is high, and selective body is long in each family again, height is identical, the family that body weight finally goes down to posterity greater than the conduct of the individuality more than 20%, stay 150 pairs of conducts to set up the standby close freshwater mussel of family, accelerating is grown seedlings, proceed seed selection, other close freshwater mussel can be used as production or sells.
Repeat said process 1-7 generation.
Embodiment 3:
1) merely hits from wild ancestor cristaria plicata 2000, optimize energetic, physical trait is normal, age, body is long, height is identical, but body weight greater than 20 pairs of the close freshwater mussel of average weight more than 30% as alternative close freshwater mussel, the female freshwater mussel of each post-coitum is put in respectively in the pond, grow seedlings in the usual way, from growing seedlings to forming, the offspring of each pearl culturing clam raises respectively, optimize 30 familys, constantly eliminate during the breed and grow in the family slowly, the individuality of resistance difference and growth are slow, the family of resistance difference selects growth fast in the residue family, survival rate height, comparatively uniform 5 familys of size are as the basic family of seed selection of future generation:
2) by the principle of 1 male freshwater mussel and 4 female freshwater mussel mating, by artificial propagation, 4 female freshwater mussel institute postpartum is on behalf of with the different female family half sibs of father, every female freshwater mussel institute postpartum on behalf of with the father with female family full-sibs.
3) carry out preferably in children's freshwater mussel phase critical period, little freshwater mussel phase, one-tenth freshwater mussel phase, the prematuration period of pearl culturing clam growth.
1. the young freshwater mussel phase: freshwater mussel seedling hatching back selection vigor is good, the strong freshwater mussel seedling of physique is as initial seed selection family, selected each freshwater mussel seedling that only close freshwater mussel produced is cultured separately in a nursery pond, support about 1cm, the young freshwater mussel of each family is cultured separately in one or several and cultures in the pond.The statistics survival rate.
The 2. little freshwater mussel phase: be chosen to motility rate and be higher than 90% young freshwater mussel family, continue to cultivate, support to little freshwater mussel (1-8cm).Alternative.
3. become the freshwater mussel phase: add up the survival rate of each family, become the average weight of freshwater mussel, long at body, height is identical, selects body weight to be higher than the little freshwater mussel of average weight more than 25%, optimize 800 pairs in the high family group of survival rate and culture into freshwater mussel.Alternative.
4. the prematuration period: select body weight greater than more than 25% from 30 familys of being supported, body is long, height is identical, and the uniformity is better, and survival rate is higher than about 5 familys of 90%.Selective body is long in each family again, height is identical, and body weight as the family that finally goes down to posterity, stays 50 pairs of conducts to set up the standby close freshwater mussel of family greater than the individuality more than 25%, and accelerating is grown seedlings, and proceeds seed selection, and other close freshwater mussel can be used as production or sells.
5. disease-resistant seed selection: in the little freshwater mussel phase or become the freshwater mussel phase, or this two period virus inoculation or germ, select, selecting and remain does not have dead freshwater mussel through infection.
Repeat said process 1-7 generation.
Claims (8)
1, the foundation of fresh water pearl culturing clam family and selection thereof is characterized in that:
1. alternative go out energetic, physical trait is normal, age, body is long, height is identical, but body weight greater than average weight more than 15% non-bosom pearl parent freshwater mussel or produce the pearl amount and produce the close freshwater mussel of the bosom pearl oyster of pearl amount 20% or more greater than average, as alternative close freshwater mussel, male and female are than being 1-5: 1, and selection intensity is 0.2-20 ‰;
2. close freshwater mussel post-coitum, the offspring of each family separately cultures separately;
3. the young freshwater mussel phase of fresh water pearl culturing clam growth, little freshwater mussel phase, become the freshwater mussel phase (growing cultured pearls the phase), the prematuration period four-stage be the family selective breeding critical period, carry out preferred; Measure the survival rate of each family of statistics, average weight, body is long, height, biological indicators such as the uniformity are eliminated that growth rate is slow, survival rate is low, are produced about 2/3 little family of pearl amount, the fast growth of only selecting and remain, survival rate height, produce about 1/3 big family of pearl amount and give over to standby close freshwater mussel;
Repeat above-mentioned 1., 2. and 3. step, finally select good fresh water pearl culturing clam.
2, according to the foundation and the selection thereof of the described fresh water pearl culturing clam family of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fresh water pearl culturing clam comprises hydriopsis cumingii, cristaria plicata, Chidie clam and assorted certainly, hybridization freshwater mussel thereof.The object that the parent selects can be wild ancestor freshwater mussel, breeding freshwater mussel and cherish pearl oyster.
3, the foundation of fresh water pearl culturing clam family according to claim 1 and 2 and selection thereof is characterized in that: described close freshwater mussel mating, can be the individual selfing of male and female in the same family, and set up self-fertilization family (sff); Also can be the individual hybridization of male and female in the different familys, set up the hybridization family.
4, according to the foundation and the selection thereof of the described fresh water pearl culturing clam family of claim 3, it is characterized in that: in the little freshwater mussel phase or become the freshwater mussel phase, or this two period virus inoculation or germ, select, selecting and remain does not have dead freshwater mussel through infection.
5, according to the foundation and the selection thereof of the described fresh water pearl culturing clam family of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the pearl culturing clam preferred process, in the little freshwater mussel phase, measure the survival rate of each family of statistics, average weight, body is long, height, biological indicators such as the uniformity, selective body is long, height is basic identical, and body weight is greater than the individuality more than 15%, the test of growing cultured pearls, and other is in advance to eliminate, grow cultured pearls behind the 1-4, the detection ability of growing cultured pearls selects to produce the big individuality of pearl amount parent in support, and selection rate is less than 10%.
6, according to the foundation and the selection thereof of the described fresh water pearl culturing clam family of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the pearl culturing clam preferred process, directly the little freshwater mussel phase, become the freshwater mussel phase (growing cultured pearls the phase), the prematuration period three phases in each stage or a certain stage carry out virus, courses of infection, add up the survival rate in each stage, average weight, long, the height of body are after the uniformity.Selective body is long, height is identical, and body weight greater than more than 15%, the high family of survival rate parent in support, each stage of selection intensity is all at 1-15%.
7, foundation and selection thereof according to the described fresh water pearl culturing clam family of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the pearl culturing clam preferred process, carry out virus the breeding process after young freshwater mussel is planted pearl, courses of infection, measure the survival rate of each family of statistics, average weight, body is long, height, biological indicators such as the uniformity, selective body is long, height is basic identical, and body weight is measured greater than on average producing the close freshwater mussel of the bosom pearl oyster of pearl amount more than 20% greater than the non-bosom pearl parent freshwater mussel or the product pearl of average weight more than 15%, each family keeps more than 5 as the standby close freshwater mussel of setting up family, accelerating is grown seedlings, and proceeds seed selection, each family finally will keep the offspring of female freshwater mussel of some as the seed of going down to posterity, and the seed of every freshwater mussel of the family that goes down to posterity is cultured separately from start to finish.
8, according to the foundation and the selection thereof of the described fresh water pearl culturing clam family of claim 1, it is characterized in that the preferred standard of fresh water pearl culturing clam family comprises: the body weight of close freshwater mussel, body length, height, product pearl ability, the egg laying amount of female freshwater mussel, incubation rate, children freshwater mussel vigor, the ability of the resistance of the uniformity of little freshwater mussel, average weight, body length, height, each family.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101861839A (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2010-10-20 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for artificially breeding purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii |
| CN102283158A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2011-12-21 | 上海海洋大学 | Parent hyriopsis cumingii propagating and pairing facilities and method for structuring large scale hyriopsis cumingii families |
| CN102550457A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-11 | 上海海洋大学 | Early propagation method for hyriopsis cumingii seeds |
| CN101653103B (en) * | 2009-09-05 | 2013-08-28 | 湖南文理学院 | Breeding method of ultra-large nuclear-free pearl with good quality |
| CN103478025A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2014-01-01 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Cultivating method of hyriopsis cumingii with golden yellow shell |
| CN109042422A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2018-12-21 | 海南广顺泰普海洋育种有限公司 | A kind of litopenaeus vannamei four is mating double cross breeding method |
-
2009
- 2009-03-03 CN CN2009100428032A patent/CN101491222B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101653103B (en) * | 2009-09-05 | 2013-08-28 | 湖南文理学院 | Breeding method of ultra-large nuclear-free pearl with good quality |
| CN101861839A (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2010-10-20 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for artificially breeding purple nacre strain hyriopsis cumingii |
| CN102283158A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2011-12-21 | 上海海洋大学 | Parent hyriopsis cumingii propagating and pairing facilities and method for structuring large scale hyriopsis cumingii families |
| CN102550457A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-11 | 上海海洋大学 | Early propagation method for hyriopsis cumingii seeds |
| CN102550457B (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2015-04-15 | 上海海洋大学 | Early propagation method for hyriopsis cumingii seeds |
| CN103478025A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2014-01-01 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Cultivating method of hyriopsis cumingii with golden yellow shell |
| CN109042422A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2018-12-21 | 海南广顺泰普海洋育种有限公司 | A kind of litopenaeus vannamei four is mating double cross breeding method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101491222B (en) | 2011-05-04 |
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