CN101476993A - Passive semi-volatile atmosphere organic pollutant sampling apparatus - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a passive semi-volatile atmospheric organic pollutant sampling device. The device comprises a top baffle plate, a hood, a support frame, a sampling tank and a bolt, wherein the top baffle plate is arranged on the top of the sampling device and used for sheltering from rain and preventing dust invading; the hood is used for eliminating the influence of wind speed on sample collection; the lower end of the support frame is connected with the inner wall of the hood, the upper end of the support frame is connected with the top baffle plate, and the support frame is used for connecting the top baffle plate and the hood position of the sampling device and positioning the sampling tank in the horizontal direction; the sampling tank is divided into two parts, and provided with an upper sealing opening and a lower sealing opening, the upper part is provided with a gaseous organic pollutant collecting medium, and the lower part is provided with a particle combining state organic pollutant collecting medium; and the bolt is used for positioning the sampling tank in the vertical direction. The device can match an active sampling device to obtain the sampling efficiency of the passive sampling device, reach the sampling amount of target compounds of the passive sampling device at day average unit, and estimate the concentration level of the gaseous and particle combining state semi-volatile organic pollutants.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pollutant Sampling techniques field, particularly relate to a kind of passive semi-volatile atmosphere organic pollutant sampling apparatus.
Background technology
The concentration of half volatile organic contaminant is very low in the atmospheric environment, conventional active sampling apparatus is by a large amount of gaseous samples of air pump collection, after gathering-device concentrates, carry out assay determination, need power resources, make sampled point on the installation position of space, be subjected to the restriction of objective condition.Passive sampling apparatus is based on the molecular diffusion principle, select suitable absorbing medium, be exposed to atmospheric environment and measure test substance content in the absorbing medium after a period of time, the sampling analysis of mating part active simultaneously result determines the sampling efficiency of passive sampling apparatus, obtains the concentration information of test substance in the environment.The semi-permeable diaphragm sampling apparatus once was widely used in the passive collection of pollutant in the water body, after be applied to (Jimmie D.Petty in the air passive sampling, James N.Huckins, James L.Zajicek, Application of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) aspassive air samplers.Chemosphere, 1993 (27): 1609-1624).Shoeib adopts isocyanurate foam (PUF) material as absorbing medium (Shoeib, M. in the passive sampling apparatus comparative studies; Harner, T., Characterization and comparison of three passiveair samplers for persistent organic pollutants, Environ.Sci.Technol.2002 (36): 4142-4151), develop the PUF passive sampling apparatus.Above-mentioned two kinds of passive sampling apparatus have been widely used in atmospheric surveillance and the related science research.
Above-mentioned gaseous state half volatile organic contaminant passive sampling apparatus is an absorbing medium with olein and polyurethane foamed material respectively, be placed on and carry out the organic passive collection of atmospheric half volatile in thermometer screen or other the semiclosed devices, sampling finishes the back absorbing medium is extracted, concentrates (carrying out separation and purification in case of necessity), analyzes the content of half volatile organic compounds in the absorbing medium.Carry out the active sampling of part typical case sampling point in the time of passive sampling, obtain these sampling point gaseous state half volatile organic contaminant concentration informations, in conjunction with the passive sampling sampling efficiency of calculating sampling device as a result, calculate other sampling point atmospheric half volatile organic contaminant concentration in view of the above.
Above-mentioned passive sampling technology is all at the gaseous component of semi-volatile organic matter, and outside this compounds exists divided by gaseous form in atmosphere, part also can combine with particle in the atmosphere, especially wherein molecular weight is bigger, the component that volatility is more weak, most of form with the particle combined state is present in the atmosphere, and toxicity often is better than the component of small-molecular weight, high volatility, is the object that more merits attention in health and the exposure research.Above-mentioned sampling apparatus can not collect this component, though semi-permeable diaphragm or PUF surface can capture the small quantities of particles thing, but owing to do not have clear and definite differentiation with gaseous component, randomness is strong, poor reproducibility, can't obtain the concentration information of particle combined state half volatile organic contaminant in the atmosphere in view of the above, and the result of calculation of gaseous component is had certain interference effect.Atmosphere particulate matter sampler makes the airborne particle packing of certain volume on the filter medium (as filter membrane) of filtrator by the physical filtering effect, by filter medium accurately weighed and chemical analysis the mass concentration information of each component in the analysing particulates thing.Micropore uniform deposition formula collision sampling thief is (as MOUDI-100/110, NanoMOUDI-115, FA-3 etc.) aerosol sample of also gradable collection different-grain diameter scope is analyzed the mass concentration information that obtains each component in the different-grain diameter particle by the later experiments chamber.But, above-mentioned particle sampler all needs power resources, makes to be very limited on sampling point is laid.In recent years portable sampling of aerosol instrument of Chu Xianing and gasoloid passive sampling apparatus can provide the information of aerosol concentration and size distribution in the air, but because sampling quantity is little, can't carries out post analysis, thereby obtain the concentration information of target compound in the particle.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of passive semi-volatile atmosphere organic pollutant sampling apparatus, to overcome the defective that is difficult to obtain the concentration information of particle combined state half volatile organic contaminant in the atmosphere in the prior art.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention provides a kind of passive semi-volatile atmosphere organic pollutant sampling apparatus, and described device comprises: top flap, be installed on the sampling apparatus top, and be used to block the intrusion of rainfall and depositing dust; Shade is used to eliminate influence of wind speed on sample collection; Bracing frame, the lower end links to each other with the shade inwall, and the upper end connects top flap, is used for being connected and the location of sample can horizontal direction of sampling apparatus top flap and shade position; Sample can is divided into two parts up and down, last lower sealing, and the gaseous organic pollutant collection medium is placed on top, and particle combined state organic contaminant collection medium is placed in the bottom; Latch is used for the location on the sample can vertical direction.
Wherein, described gaseous organic pollutant collection medium is the isocyanurate foam sorbing material.
Wherein, described particle combined state organic contaminant collection medium is a glass fiber filter.
Wherein, the material of described device is a stainless steel.
Compared with prior art, technical scheme of the present invention has following advantage:
The present invention cooperates initiatively sampling apparatus, obtains the sampling efficiency of passive sampling apparatus, by the concentration level of gaseous state and particle combined state half volatile organic contaminant in the collection capacity estimation atmospheric environment of average daily unit passive sampling apparatus target compound.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of a kind of passive semi-volatile organic pollutant sampling apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is initiatively sample the synoptic diagram that concerns with the passive sampling monitor value of gaseous organic pollutant of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is initiatively sample the synoptic diagram that concerns with the passive sampling monitor value of low ring particle combined state organic contaminant of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is initiatively sample the synoptic diagram that concerns with the passive sampling monitor value of epipodium particle combined state organic contaminant of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the passive comparison synoptic diagram with the active monitoring result of gaseous organic pollutant of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the passive comparison synoptic diagram with the active monitoring result of particle combined state organic contaminant of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is each sampling optimization gaseous state of the present invention and the passive monitoring result synoptic diagram of particle combined state organic contaminant.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
A kind of passive semi-volatile organic pollutant sampling apparatus of the present invention comprises as shown in Figure 1:
A: top flap, circle, diameter 200mm is installed on the sampling apparatus top, is used to block the intrusion of rainfall and depositing dust;
B: shade, cylindric, diameter 160mm, high 290mm is used to eliminate influence of wind speed on sample collection;
C: bracing frame, strip, the lower end links to each other with the shade inwall, and the upper end connects top flap, is used for being connected and the location of sample can horizontal direction of sampling apparatus top flap and shade position;
D: sample can, cylindric, diameter 100mm, height 250mm, be divided into two parts up and down, last lower sealing, sidewall upper 70mm are quoit, link to each other with the top, inner isocyanurate foam (PUF) sorbing material of placing, all the other positions of sidewall are wire netting, the GFFs filter membrane is placed in the lower end of sample can;
E: isocyanurate foam (PUF) sorbing material, round pie, diameter 100mm, thickness 1.5mm is used for the collection of gaseous organic pollutant;
F: glass fiber filter (GFFs), circle, diameter 100mm is used for the collection of particle combined state organic contaminant;
G: latch, strip, a rectangular aperture is respectively left far from the position of bottom 20mm in sampling apparatus shade both sides, and the latch two ends are placed rectangular aperture, is screwed, and is used for fixing the location on the vertical direction of sample can.
The column semi-closed structure is adopted in this device outside, and top flap can avoid precipitation and depositing dust to invade interference, utilizes cylindric shade to build sample can quiet relatively wind environment on every side, weakens the influence of wind speed to sampling rate.There is space (20mm) between shade and the baffle plate, allows air-flow freely to come in and go out, improve the sampling efficiency of particle combined state half volatile organic contaminant.The inner sample can of placing of shade, sample can is made up of two parts up and down, the first half is used for the collection of gaseous organic pollutant, sampling media is selected isocyanurate foam (PUF) for use, be close to the sample can upper inside walls and place, top and side-closed avoid depositing dust to disturb, the bottom contacts with atmosphere, to absorb gaseous organic pollutant; Sample can the latter half is used for the collection of particle combined state organic contaminant, sampling media is selected glass fiber filter (GFFs) for use, be tiled in the sample can bottom, the filter membrane uneven surface up, the sample can lower sides is netted, suspended particulate substance can enter sample can inside by mesh, can be it when contacting with the filter membrane surface and catches.During use the sample can top and the bottom are integrated, are positioned over shade inside, by bottom latch and shade inner wall support frame fixed position.Device materials is selected stainless steel for use as far as possible, avoids in the sampling process sample contaminated.
Key point of the present invention is whether the collection part of particle combined state organic contaminant has enough sampling efficiencies.Below by passive semi-volatile atmosphere organic pollutant sampling apparatus and tradition active sampling apparatus palycyclic aromatic concentration monitoring result in the atmospheric environment is understood effect of the present invention:
Place passive semi-volatile atmosphere organic pollutant sampling apparatus respectively at 4 field sampling points, carry out passive sampling; Regularly carry out the active sampling simultaneously in the respective point position, obtain local palycyclic aromatic concentration level, in order to calculate the sampling efficiency of passive sampling apparatus.
Gaseous state and particle combined state palycyclic aromatic sampling media are selected isocyanurate foam (PUF, Supelco, diameter 100mm, thickness 15mm, density 0.024g/cm respectively for use in the passive sampling
3, under 85 ℃ of conditions, extract more than 8 hours with fatty extractor with the 100ml normal hexane before using) and glass fiber filter (GFFs, diameter 100mm use preceding 450 ℃ of high temperature heating 3 hours, put into the exsiccator balance after the cooling 24 hours, weigh).
Initiatively gaseous state and particle combined state palycyclic aromatic are selected isocyanurate foam (diameter 22mm respectively for use in the sampling, thickness 7.6mm, use pre-treatment mode is the same) and glass fiber filter (diameter 22mm, the use pre-treating method is the same), vacuum pump (TMP1500) speed of evacuation 1.2L/min.
Target compound is chosen 16 kinds of palycyclic aromatics as shown in table 1:
Table 1
Naphthalene(NAP) | Acenaphthene(ACE) | Acenaphthylene(ACY) |
Fluorene(FLO) | Phenanthrene(PHE) | Anthracene(ANT) |
Fluoranthene(FLA) | Pyrene(PYR) | Benz[a]anthracene(BaA) |
Chrysene(CHR) | Benzo[b]fluoranthene(BbF) | Benzo[k]fluoranthene(BkF) |
Benzo[a]pyrene(BaP) | Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene(IcdP) | Dibenz[a,h]anthracene(DahA) |
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene(BghiP) |
After sampling finishes, with fatty extractor the PUF absorbing medium is carried out Soxhlet and extract (100ml methylene chloride, 50 ℃, 24 hours), extract revolves and steams to the 1ml, as the extract clear after concentrating, impurity is less, can add interior mark (inner mark method ration, interior mark is selected 2-fluoro-1 for use, 1 '-biphenyl and p-terphenyl-d14, J﹠amp; K Chemical, USA, 2.0 μ g/ml) back is directly gone up the GC-MS instrument and is analyzed (Agilent6890+5973, HP-5MS, 30m * 0.25mmi.d. * 0.25 μ m), carrier gas He flow velocity 1ml/min, heating schedule: initial 60 ℃, 6 ℃/min of programming rate continues 20 minutes after 280 ℃, and detecting pattern is selected the SIM pattern for use.More as extract impurity, need to purify the back and go up the machine analysis.Decontaminating column can be selected aluminium oxide (down, 12 centimetres)+silica gel (on, 12 centimetres) for use, and 20 ml n-hexanes are given up after dashing and drenching, and 20 milliliters of methylene chloride dash and drench the back and collect, and are concentrated into 1 milliliter, and mark is to be measured in adding.
The handling procedure that is used for the glass fiber filter of collecting granules combined state half volatile organic contaminant is: put into exsiccator, reach constant weight after 24 hours, weigh, the quality that is particle that filter membrane captures of poor quality before and after the sampling.Putting into fatty extractor after glass fiber filter after weighing shredded carries out Soxhlet and extracts (the same PUF of extracting method).Extract purifies with analytical approach the same after revolving and steaming to the 1ml.
Quality control to analytical approach is elaborated below.
The method detection limit of each target compound is as shown in table 2, and wherein unit is ng/ml.
Table 2
NAP | ACE | ACY | FLO | PHE | ANT | FLA | PYR |
1.02 | 0.76 | 0.79 | 0.87 | 1.80 | 0.64 | 0.85 | 0.80 |
BaA | CHR | BbF | BkF | BaP | DahA | IcdP | BghiP |
0.90 | 1.20 | 1.85 | 1.10 | 0.85 | 1.52 | 1.80 | 1.38 |
The method recovery of each target compound is as shown in table 3:
Table 3
NAP | ACE | ACY | FLO | PHE | ANT | FLA | PYR | |
PUF | 36% | 51% | 67% | 75% | 83% | 77% | 98% | 124% |
GFFs | 47% | 48% | 50% | 57% | 69% | 71% | 87% | 88% |
BaA | CHR | BbF | BkF | BaP | DahA | IcdP | BghiP | |
PUF | 99% | 92% | 121% | 90% | 108% | 102% | 127% | 65% |
GFFs | 97% | 102% | 103% | 111% | 103% | 119% | 118% | 115% |
All monitoring results are all proofreaied and correct through blank and the recovery.
Experimental result shows that after log-transformation, the active sampled result of gaseous organic pollutant is (with ng/m
3Meter) with the passive sampling result (in the total amount that average daily unit sampling apparatus is gathered, unit: have good correlativity ng/dev d), gaseous organic pollutant initiatively sample with the relation of passive sampling monitor value as shown in Figure 2.Available formula 1 is estimated the concentration of gaseous state palycyclic aromatic in the atmosphere, calculates in view of the above, and passive sampling apparatus is 0.40 ± 0.92m to the sampling efficiency of gaseous organic pollutant
3/ d.
LogPAH
g=0.7179+1.0427logQ
g, r
2=0.695 formula 1
Wherein, PAH
gBe gaseous state palycyclic aromatic concentration, unit is ng/m
3Qg is an average daily unit passive sampling apparatus sampling quantity (gaseous state), and unit is ng/dev d.
After log-transformation, the active sampled result of particle combined state organic contaminant and passive sampling degree of correlation as a result descend to some extent than gaseous organic pollutant, difference between wherein low cyclic compound and the high cyclic compound is bigger, thereby 16 kinds of palycyclic aromatics are divided into 8 kinds low ring (NAP, ACE, ACY, FLO, PHE, ANT, FLA is PYR) with 8 kinds of epipodium (BaA, CHR, BbF, BkF, BaP, DahA, IcdP BghiP) carries out correlation analysis respectively after two groups, and situation makes moderate progress, low ring particle combined state organic contaminant of the present invention initiatively sample with the relation of passive sampling monitor value as shown in Figure 3, epipodium particle combined state organic contaminant of the present invention initiatively sample with the relation of passive sampling monitor value as shown in Figure 4.Change the passive sampling process influence to remove molecular weight by the correction term that in fitting formula, adds compound molecular weight, as formula 2:
Wherein, PAH
pBe particle combined state palycyclic aromatic concentration, unit is ng/m
3Q
pBe average daily unit passive sampling apparatus sampling quantity (particle combined state), unit is ng/dev d; MWt is a compound molecular weight.
Calculate in view of the above, passive sampling apparatus is 0.083 ± 0.169m to the sampling efficiency of particle combined state organic contaminant
3/ d is lower than the sampling efficiency to gaseous organic pollutant, but can satisfy daily monitoring requirement.
According to formula 1 and formula 2 passive monitoring result is scaled gaseous state and particle combined state persistence organic pollutant volumetric concentration, the result compares (Fig. 5 with active monitoring, Fig. 6), the result shows that the passive and deviation overwhelming majority active monitoring result is in (less than 1 log unit) within the acceptable scope.Gaseous organic pollutant of the present invention passive with the active monitoring result more as shown in Figure 5, particle combined state organic contaminant of the present invention passive with the active monitoring result more as shown in Figure 6.
2007-2008 winter, passive semi-volatile atmosphere organic pollutant sampling apparatus is applied to the field inspection of 10 sampled points in Beijing and area, Hebei.Sampling point distribution and particular location are as shown in table 4:
Table 4
NO. | The place | Longitude E | Latitude N | Apart from |
1 | County town, Yanqing, Beijing | 115.97 | 40.46 | 1.5 |
2 | Loudspeaker Gou Men town, Huairou District, Beijing City | 116.62 | 40.90 | 1.5 |
3 | The distant bridge of Beijing's overcast area valley reservoir | 117.38 | 40.64 | 1.2 |
4 | Small arc shaped forest systematic study station, Mentougou, Beijing City district | 115.43 | 39.97 | 3.0 |
5 | Areas of Beijing Peking University | 116.31 | 39.99 | 1.8 |
6 | Langfang City Sanhe City, Hebei province district | 116.98 | 39.97 | 1.5 |
7 | Urban district, Baoding, Hebei province | 115.44 | 38.83 | 1.8 |
8 | In forming sediment in the Baiyang Lake, Hebei province | 115.95 | 38.84 | 2.0 |
9 | City, Cangzhou City Qing County, Hebei province | 116.80 | 38.57 | 1.2 |
10 | Urban district, Tangshan, Hebei province | 118.13 | 39.62 | 1.5 |
Sampling finishes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content among back in office analysis PUF and the GFFs, is scaled gaseous state and particle combined state palycyclic aromatic concentration, result (unit: ng/m as shown in table 5 according to formula 1,2
3):
Table 5
Each sampling optimization gaseous state of the present invention and 16 kinds of palycyclic aromatic total concentrations of particle combined state (PAH
16) passive monitoring result as shown in Figure 7, the result shows that palycyclic aromatic concentration is in reduced levels in sampling optimization 3,4 (the distant bridge of Beijing's overcast area valley reservoir, small arc shaped forest systematic study station, the Mentougou District) atmosphere, is respectively 138ng/m
3With 123ng/m
3, palycyclic aromatic concentration is higher in sampling optimization 7,10 (Baoding, Hebei province, urban district, the Tangshan) atmosphere, is respectively 2460ng/m
3With 2629ng/m
3
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of passive semi-volatile atmosphere organic pollutant sampling apparatus is characterized in that, described device comprises:
Top flap is installed on the sampling apparatus top, is used to block the intrusion of rainfall and depositing dust;
Shade is used to eliminate influence of wind speed on sample collection;
Bracing frame, the lower end links to each other with the shade inwall, and the upper end connects top flap, is used for being connected and the location of sample can horizontal direction of sampling apparatus top flap and shade position;
Sample can is divided into two parts up and down, last lower sealing, and the gaseous organic pollutant collection medium is placed on top, and particle combined state organic contaminant collection medium is placed in the bottom;
Latch is used for the location on the sample can vertical direction.
2, passive semi-volatile atmosphere organic pollutant sampling apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described gaseous organic pollutant collection medium is an isocyanurate foam PUF sorbing material.
3, passive semi-volatile atmosphere organic pollutant sampling apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described particle combined state organic contaminant collection medium is a glass fiber filter.
4, passive semi-volatile atmosphere organic pollutant sampling apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the material of described device is a stainless steel.
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