CN101463429A - Preparation of alloy - Google Patents
Preparation of alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN101463429A CN101463429A CNA2009100448854A CN200910044885A CN101463429A CN 101463429 A CN101463429 A CN 101463429A CN A2009100448854 A CNA2009100448854 A CN A2009100448854A CN 200910044885 A CN200910044885 A CN 200910044885A CN 101463429 A CN101463429 A CN 101463429A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an alloy preparation method which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting one simple metal substance or a mixture consisting of a plurality of simple metal substances, wherein, the simple metal substances M1 include the simple metal substances of iron, zinc, tin, lead, bismuth, indium, magnesium and aluminum, and then selecting one metal hydride or a mixture consisting of a plurality of metal hydrides, wherein, the metal hydrides H-M2 (M2 is different from M1) include the metal hydrides of magnesium, aluminum, lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium; (2) mixing the selected metal hydrides H-M2 with the simple metal substances M1; and (3) heating the mixture to a temperature of 700-1000 DEG C, and generating alloy and giving out hydrogen in the presence of nitrogen, hydrogen, argon and nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas or argon-hydrogen mixed gas. The invention provides the method which is the combination of smelting process and chemical reaction, and metals with different melting points and pressures are prepared into alloy. The method has the advantage that the metals differing from each other in terms of melting points and volatility can be easily prepared into the alloy, and the method has a wide application scope.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of alloy, be specifically related to a kind of metal hydride that utilizes and prepare the method for alloy, belong to the alloying substance preparing technical field with another kind of metal reaction.
Background technology
Alloy material has the premium properties that differs from the pure metal material, and for example magnalium is compared with MAGNESIUM METAL or aluminium, and aspect physical strength, performance has great raising; Titanium alloy all is being significantly improved than metal titanium aspect toughness, wear resisting property, the alloy density etc.; Iron alloy is remarkable than pure metal iron effect aspect resistance to corrosion.Alloy is very active in the applied research in fields such as hydrogen storage material, battery material, magneticsubstance in recent years.
In the preparation method of alloy, extensive use is the high melt method at present, because the difference of aspects such as melt temperature and vapour pressure is difficult to form alloy between many metals.In addition, many metals for example magnesium, lithium, sodium, potassium etc. have very strong ductility, and often self adhesion is difficult to form powder, therefore can not effectively mix with other metal-powders, also just are difficult to form alloy.
Therefore, be necessary a kind of alloy preparation method newly developed, smelting process is combined with chemical reaction, utilize metal and metal hydride to carry out chemical reaction, thereby form alloy, the problem that can effectively solve above-mentioned fusing point, vapour pressure difference and be difficult to mix.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, the problem that has melting point metal, pressure gap and be difficult to mix at existing smelting process, a kind of preparation method of alloy is provided, the method that adopts smelting process to combine with chemical reaction can be well be prepared into alloy with the metal of different melting points, different pressures.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical proposal:
A kind of preparation method of alloy, carry out according to the following step:
(1) from the metal simple-substance M1 of iron, zinc, tin, lead, bismuth, indium, magnesium, aluminium, chooses the mixture of one or more compositions, (choose the mixture of any one or a few composition the M2 ≠ M1) from the metal hydride H-M2 of magnesium, aluminium, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium again;
The metal hydride H-M2 that (2) will choose out mixes with metal simple-substance M1;
(3) with mixture heating up to 70-1000 ℃, under nitrogen, hydrogen, argon gas, nitrogen-hydrogen gas mixture or argon-hydrogen mixed atmosphere, perhaps vacuum condition issues biochemical reaction, generates alloy and releasing hydrogen gas.
On the technique scheme basis, the metal hydride H-M2 of described magnesium, aluminium, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium is made by magnesium, aluminium, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium hydrogenation.Also can be the metal hydride H-M2 that directly chooses.
On the technique scheme basis, add additive carbon-based material or boryl material in the described chemical reaction.
On the technique scheme basis,, add the simple substance or the compound of catalyst Ti, iron, nickel, cobalt or rare earth element in the described chemical reaction for fast reaction speed.
On the technique scheme basis, described metal simple-substance M1 is powdery, bulk or section bar.Can carry out pre-treatment to metal M 1 in advance, as finishing, polishing, drying or pulverizing etc.The exsiccant purpose is to prevent moisture and hydride reaction;
On the technique scheme basis, described metal hydride H-M2 and the hybrid mode of metal simple-substance M1 comprise the mixing of three kinds of mode: A, pulverulent material, rolling; B, by at metal M 2 surface hydridings, add M1 then and form surface alloy; C, by with the M1 moulding, at its surperficial homodisperse H-M2, with the preparation surface alloy.
On the technique scheme basis, the size range of described mixture is diameter 5 nanometers-5 millimeter.
On the technique scheme basis, described external heat source heating, carry out microwave radiation heating or the electromagnetism of being heated to be heats.
On the technique scheme basis, the mol ratio of described metal hydride H-M2 and metal simple-substance M1 is 1～3:1.
Its reaction equation is
Wherein (a) is the required constant of trim equation
Although do not wish to be bound by any theory, the contriver thinks that for metal hydride H-M2 its molecule can be regarded as by the M2 part of close metal and partly form with the H that detests metal.When metal M 1 was heated to the degree with reactive behavior, the M2 among the metal hydride H-M2 was owing to close metallicity embeds among the M1 in the inventive method, and H then is gathered in metal M 1 surface.Because there is concentration gradient in M2 in M1, thus can cause the fracture of H-M2 key further to the low metal inside diffusion of concentration, releasing hydrogen gas, and form alloy.Under the concentration gradient effect, M2 spills new metallic surface further to the M1 internal divergence.This process constantly repeats, thereby finally finishes alloying process.
Obvious technical effects of the present invention, on the one hand, it can make the very big metal of fusing point and volatility difference easily form alloy, thereby can prepare many novel alloys, has overcome in the past to have fusing point, vapour pressure difference among the preparation method of alloy and a difficult problem such as to be difficult to mix; On the other hand, its application is also very extensive, and it can be widely used in fields such as casting, the energy, national defence, aviation and medical treatment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 adopts lithium hydride and bismuth metal to prepare the TG/DSC graphic representation (thermogravimetric-differential thermal curve figure) of the reaction mixture of lithium hydride and bismuth metal in lithium-bismuth alloy process;
Fig. 2 adopts lithium hydride and bismuth metal to prepare the XRD spectra of releasing the preceding mixture of hydrogen in lithium-bismuth alloy process;
Fig. 3 is the XRD spectra that adopts lithium hydride and bismuth metal to prepare to release in lithium-bismuth alloy process the mixture behind the hydrogen;
Fig. 4 adopts lithium hydride and indium metal to prepare the TG/DSC graphic representation (thermogravimetric-differential thermal curve figure) of lithium hydride and indium metal in lithium-indium alloy process;
Fig. 5 adopts magnesium hydride and indium metal to prepare the TG/DSC graphic representation (thermogravimetric-differential thermal curve figure) of magnesium hydride and indium metal in magnesium-indium alloy process;
Fig. 6 adopts lithium hydride and metallic zinc to prepare the TG/DSC graphic representation (thermogravimetric-differential thermal curve figure) of lithium hydride and metallic zinc in lithium-zinc alloy process;
Fig. 7 adopts lithium hydride and metallic tin to prepare the TG/DSC graphic representation (thermogravimetric-differential thermal curve figure) of lithium hydride and metallic tin in lithium-tin alloy process.
Specific embodiment
Lithium hydride and bismuth metal is even according to the 2:1 mixed in molar ratio, vacuumize, be heated to more than 380 ℃ with 10 ℃/minute speed, form lithium-bismuth alloy.
Fig. 1-Fig. 3 demonstrates the reaction process of preparation lithium-bismuth alloy, and Fig. 1 is thermogravimetric-differential thermal curve that lithium hydride and bismuth metal reaction form alloy.Fig. 1 shows: bismuth metal is located fusion at 279 ℃, lithium in the lithium hydride is owing to close metallicity embeds in the melt metal bismuth subsequently, owing to the existence of concentration gradient continues to the bismuth metal internal divergence, and in the time of 399 ℃, cause the fracture of lithium hydride intramolecule key, cause this molecule to decompose, hydrogen is overflowed, and bismuth metal and lithium form alloy simultaneously.This process is constantly carried out, and alloy promptly forms fully.Accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3 are respectively before alloy forms and form the powder crystal x-ray diffraction pattern (being XRD spectra) of reaction mixture later on.Fig. 2 shows that mixture is lithium hydride and bismuth metal before the reaction, and after Fig. 3 then showed reaction, reaction product became and is LiBi, Li
3Bi and little metal Bi promptly show to have formed the lithium bismuth alloy.
In the present embodiment, described lithium hydride also can be made by lithium hydrogenation.
In the present embodiment, add additive carbon-based material or boryl material in the described chemical reaction.
In the present embodiment,, can add the simple substance or the compound of catalyst Ti, iron, nickel, cobalt or rare earth element in the described chemical reaction for fast reaction speed.
In the present embodiment, described external heat source heating, carry out microwave radiation heating or the electromagnetism of being heated to be heats.
Embodiment 2
Shown in Figure 4, lithium hydride and indium metal is even according to the 2:1 mixed in molar ratio, and freezing and pulverizing to granularity is about 200 orders, and the speed with 10 ℃/minute under nitrogen protection is heated to more than 556 ℃, forms lithium-indium alloy.Fig. 4 is thermogravimetric-differential thermal curve figure that lithium hydride and indium metal reaction form alloy.Fig. 4 shows: locating for 162.4 ℃ is the melt temperature of indium metal.The decomposition temperature of known pure lithium hydride is greater than 700 ℃, and in the present embodiment, lithium hydride promptly begins to decompose at 556 ℃, releasing hydrogen gas, and this reaction promptly is to be reacted by lithium and indium metal to form due to the alloy.
Other are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, magnesium hydride and indium metal is even according to the 3:1 mixed in molar ratio, under nitrogen protection, mixture is pressed into bulk with 30MPa pressure.Microwave radiation 20 seconds forms magnesium-indium alloy.Fig. 5 is the thermogravimetric-differential thermal curve of magnesium hydride and indium metal reaction.Fig. 5 shows: indium metal fusion in the time of 158 ℃, magnesium hydride embeds in the melt metal indium subsequently, and begins to decompose at 346 ℃, causes weightlessness, forms alloy.395 ℃ of endotherm(ic)peaks of locating are that magnesium hydride decomposition itself is caused.
In the present embodiment, described magnesium hydride also can be made by magnesium hydrogenation.
Other are identical with embodiment 1.
In the present embodiment, lithium hydride and bismuth metal is even according to the 3:1 mixed in molar ratio, under nitrogen protection, mixture is pressed into bulk with 30MPa pressure.Microwave radiation 20 seconds, lithium hydride decomposes, and releasing hydrogen gas forms lithium-bismuth alloy.
Reaction process such as Fig. 1-shown in Figure 3, identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more.
Other are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
In the present embodiment, lithium hydride and metallic zinc is even according to the 2:1 mixed in molar ratio, under nitrogen protection, mixture is pressed into bulk with 30MPa pressure.Electromagnetic radiation 60 seconds, lithium hydride decomposes, and releasing hydrogen gas forms alloy.Fig. 6 is the thermogravimetric-differential thermal curve behind lithium hydride and the metallic zinc briquetting.Fig. 6 shows: 416 ℃ of endotherm(ic)peaks of locating are caused by the metallic zinc fusion, and 443 ℃ of endotherm(ic)peaks of locating are followed obvious thermogravimetric loss, are to cause that lithium hydride decomposes in the lithium embedding fused zinc, thereby form the reaction peak of alloy.
Other are identical with embodiment 1.
In the present embodiment, lithium hydride and metallic tin is even according to the 2:1 mixed in molar ratio, under nitrogen protection, mixture is pressed into bulk with 30MPa pressure.Be heated under nitrogen protection more than 510 ℃, lithium hydride decomposes, and releasing hydrogen gas forms alloy.Fig. 7 is the thermogravimetric-differential thermal curve behind lithium hydride and the metallic tin briquetting.Fig. 7 shows: 238.4 ℃ of endotherm(ic)peaks of locating are caused by the metallic tin fusion, and 387.6 ℃ of endotherm(ic)peaks of locating are followed obvious thermogravimetric loss, are to cause that lithium hydride decomposes in the lithium embedding molten tin, thereby form the reaction peak of alloy.Endotherm(ic)peak about 477 ℃ is followed the loss of huge thermogravimetric to show that lithium further embeds and is formed alloy in the metallic tin.
Other are identical with embodiment 1.
Claims (9)
1. the preparation method of an alloy, carry out according to the following step:
(1) from the metal simple-substance M1 of iron, zinc, tin, lead, bismuth, indium, magnesium, aluminium, chooses the mixture of one or more compositions, (choose the mixture of any one or a few composition the M2 ≠ M1) from the metal hydride H-M2 of magnesium, aluminium, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium again;
The metal hydride H-M2 that (2) will choose out mixes with metal simple-substance M1;
(3) with mixture heating up to 70-1000 ℃, under nitrogen, hydrogen, argon gas, nitrogen-hydrogen gas mixture or argon-hydrogen mixed atmosphere, perhaps vacuum condition issues biochemical reaction, generates alloy and releasing hydrogen gas.
2. the preparation method of a kind of alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the metal hydride H-M2 of described magnesium, aluminium, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium is made by magnesium, aluminium, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium hydrogenation.
3. the preparation method of a kind of alloy according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: add additive carbon-based material or boryl material in the described chemical reaction.
4. the preparation method of a kind of alloy according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the simple substance or the compound that add catalyst Ti, iron, nickel, cobalt or rare earth element in the described chemical reaction.
5. the preparation method of a kind of alloy according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described metal simple-substance M1 is powdery, bulk or section bar.
6. the preparation method of a kind of alloy according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described metal hydride H-M2 and the hybrid mode of metal simple-substance M1 comprise the mixing of three kinds of mode: A, pulverulent material, rolling; B, by at metal M 2 surface hydridings, add M1 then and form surface alloy; C, by with the M1 moulding, at its surperficial homodisperse H-M2, with the preparation surface alloy.
7. the preparation method of a kind of alloy according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the size range of described mixture is diameter 5 nanometers-5 millimeter.
8. the preparation method of a kind of alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: describedly be heated to be external heat source heating, carry out microwave radiation heating or electromagnetism heating.
9. the preparation method of a kind of alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mol ratio of described metal hydride H-M2 and metal simple-substance M1 is 1～3:1.
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| CNA2009100448854A CN101463429A (en) | 2009-01-05 | 2009-01-05 | Preparation of alloy |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104401940A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-11 | 中国计量学院 | Preparation method for aluminium alloy/borohydride hydrogen-production system |
| CN108372306A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-07 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of bismuth metal nanometer sheet |
| CN109136609A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-04 | 宁波盈泰电气有限公司 | Air-type bus duct |
| CN113481383A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-08 | 合肥学院 | Preparation method of metal potassium |
-
2009
- 2009-01-05 CN CNA2009100448854A patent/CN101463429A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104401940A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-11 | 中国计量学院 | Preparation method for aluminium alloy/borohydride hydrogen-production system |
| CN108372306A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-07 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of bismuth metal nanometer sheet |
| CN109136609A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-04 | 宁波盈泰电气有限公司 | Air-type bus duct |
| CN113481383A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-08 | 合肥学院 | Preparation method of metal potassium |
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