CN101446322B - Pincers support structure for vehicle disc brake - Google Patents

Pincers support structure for vehicle disc brake Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101446322B
CN101446322B CN2008101768183A CN200810176818A CN101446322B CN 101446322 B CN101446322 B CN 101446322B CN 2008101768183 A CN2008101768183 A CN 2008101768183A CN 200810176818 A CN200810176818 A CN 200810176818A CN 101446322 B CN101446322 B CN 101446322B
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China
Prior art keywords
sliding pin
supporting leg
disc rotor
attachment
lip part
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Application number
CN2008101768183A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101446322A (en
Inventor
波多腰弦一
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Hitachi Astemo Ltd
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Nissin Kogyo Co Ltd
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Publication of CN101446322A publication Critical patent/CN101446322A/en
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a pincers support structure for a vehicle disc brake. A torque acceptance surface (10k) is arranged on a sliding pin adjoint part (5) locating on a leave side of a disc. A sliding pin (8) is provided with a sliding pin body (8a) and a hexagon bolt (8b), wherein the hexagon bolt (8b) is used to attach the sliding pin body (8a) to the sliding pin adjoint part (5), a first and a second flange parts (8d, 8h) are arranged on the sliding pin body (8a) and the hexagon bolt (8b) separately to hold the sliding pin adjoint part (5), so as to joint the sliding pin body (8a) and the hexagon bolt (8b). The sliding pin adjoint part (5) is arranged on a front fork integrately by a support leg and projects from the front fork, and the support leg has at least a first support leg (4a) which projects from the sliding pin adjoint part (5) in a brake torque application direction.

Description

The pincers support structure that is used for vehicle disc brake
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pincers support structure that is installed in the hull on the motorcycle, more specifically, relate to a kind of supporting structure that is located immediately at such as the caliper of the sliding pin type disk type braker on the suspension device for vehicle of front fork that is used to support.
Background technique
Be used for the sliding pin type disk type braker of motorcycle, the pincers carriage is wholely set on the base that constitutes suspension device for vehicle with outstanding from this base, and, be arranged to be attached to the pincers carriage via sliding pin, to allow caliper axially (dish axially) enterprising line slip campaign at disc rotor across the caliper of disc rotor outer circumferential side.In caliper, a pair of brake pad is arranged between the service portion and reaction portion of caliper, with via disc rotor toward each other, and the torque receiving surface that is used to receive from the retarding torque of brake pad is arranged on pincers carriage (for example, referring to JP-B-60-14937).
Yet therefore, in above-mentioned sliding pin type disk type braker,, can be not increasing increase support stiffness under the condition of the quantity of the parts of introducing because the torque receiving surface is arranged on the pincers carriage.Yet, become complicated with the shape of the integrally formed pincers carriage of base, and this has increased the quantity of process step and number of assembling steps, worrying thus to increase cost of production.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of pincers support structure that is used for vehicle disc brake, its simple structure, and can suitably receive retarding torque from brake pad, and guarantee the installation rigidity of caliper.
In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of pincers support structure that is used for vehicle disc brake, having comprised:
Disc rotor;
Caliper has service portion and reaction portion, and described service portion and reaction portion are arranged to the periphery across disc rotor, and this service portion has a pair of sliding pin supporting portion with guide hole;
A pair of brake pad is arranged between the service portion and reaction portion of caliper;
Draft hitch comprises a pair of sliding pin attachment; With
A pair of sliding pin is inserted in the sliding pin supporting portion and is attached to the sliding pin attachment, to allow the axial enterprising line slip campaign of caliper at disc rotor, wherein
Reception is left on the surface of side from the dish that is positioned at that the torque receiving surface of the retarding torque of brake pad is arranged on the sliding pin supporting portion, when vehicle travels forward, leaves side at this dish, and disc rotor occurs from caliper,
Sliding pin comprises:
The sliding pin main body is slided in guide hole, and has first flange that is positioned near the first side surface adjacency the disc rotor with the sliding pin attachment;
Fixed element is attached to the sliding pin attachment with the sliding pin main body, comprises second flange away from the second side surface adjacency of disc rotor location with the sliding pin attachment,
Wherein, the sliding pin main body is fixedly connected to fixed element when remaining on the sliding pin attachment between first and second flanges,
The sliding pin attachment is wholely set on draft hitch via supporting leg, with outstanding from this draft hitch, and
Supporting leg all has first supporting leg at least, and this first supporting leg applies direction along retarding torque and extends from the sliding pin attachment.
According to a second aspect of the invention, preferably:
The sliding pin main body comprises the interior threaded hole of opening towards first lip part,
Fixed element is the bolt element that comprises second lip part and be positioned at terminal external thread part,
The sliding pin attachment is kept by first lip part and second lip part, and
External thread part screws in the internal thread part, so that sliding pin main body and fixed element are permanently connected together.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, preferably:
Interior threaded hole and external thread part are screwed together near the position that is positioned at respect to first lip part disc rotor.
According to a forth aspect of the invention, preferably:
Supporting leg has second supporting leg respectively, and described second supporting leg is given prominence to from the sliding pin attachment on perpendicular to the direction of first supporting leg.
In the invention of constructing as mentioned above, according to a first aspect of the invention, thereby be in the same place because the sliding pin attachment keeps the sliding pin main body is permanently connected with fixed element by first lip part and second lip part, so sliding pin can be attached to the sliding pin attachment simple and reliablely.
In addition, retarding torque is delivered to sliding pin supporting portion, fixed element, sliding pin attachment, supporting leg and suspension device for vehicle from the torque receiving surface.Therefore, retarding torque can suitably be received by suspension device for vehicle.By this structure, can be not increasing under the condition of the number of components of introducing, guarantee the support stiffness of caliper.Especially, first supporting leg is arranged to apply direction along retarding torque and is extended, and retarding torque can be received by suspension device for vehicle via first supporting leg reliably.
In addition, because two lip parts have prevented that each sliding pin from coming off,, also can guarantee the sliding of caliper even therefore be applied in retarding torque.
In addition, according to the present invention,, therefore, can in reliable mode sliding pin be attached to the sliding pin attachment with simple structure because external thread part screws in the interior threaded hole so that sliding pin main body and fixed element are permanently connected together.
And; according to the present invention; because interior threaded hole and external thread part are screwed together near the position that is positioned at respect to first lip part rotor disk; therefore the not threaded bar portion of fixed element is arranged near the joint between first lip part and the sliding pin attachment; thereby guarantee the join strength between sliding pin and the sliding pin attachment; wherein when applying braking, shearing force is applied to this first lip part.
In addition, according to the present invention, because supporting leg has second supporting leg respectively, described second supporting leg is given prominence on perpendicular to the direction of first supporting leg, therefore retarding torque can be received more reliably by suspension device for vehicle, thereby can further increase the attached rigidity of caliper.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of major component, and the disk type braker that the present invention's first pattern is shown is attached to the state of suspension device for vehicle;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of cutting open along II-II line shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 illustrates the front elevation that same disk type braker is attached to the state of suspension device for vehicle;
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of cutting open along IV-IV line shown in Figure 3; With
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of major component, and the disk type braker that the present invention's second pattern is shown is attached to the state of suspension device for vehicle.
Embodiment
Fig. 1-the 4th illustrates the view of first pattern of the pincers support structure of vehicle disc brake of the present invention.It is to be noted, arrow A among the figure is represented the sense of rotation of disc rotor when vehicle is advanced forward, and in the following description, dish approaching side (disc entrance-side) and dish leave side (disc exit-side) when vehicle is advanced forward.
Sliding pin type disk type braker 1 is the vehicle braked system that has handlebar that is used for such as motorcycle.Sliding pin type disk type braker 1 comprises: the disc rotor 2 that rotates with the wheel (not shown); Be integrally formed in sliding pin attachment 5 on the front fork 3 in a side of disc rotor 2 via the first supporting leg 4a, the second supporting leg 4b and the 3rd supporting leg 4c; Be integrally formed in sliding pin attachment 7 on the front fork 3 in a side of disc rotor 2 via the first supporting leg 6a and the second supporting leg 6b; Be supported on the caliper 10 on the sliding pin attachment 5,7 via a pair of sliding pin 8,9 slidably along axially (disc rotor 2 axially) of dish; And a pair of brake pad 11,11, this is arranged to cross disc rotor 2 to brake pad 11,11 and toward each other between the service portion 10a of caliper 10 and the 10b of reaction portion.
Caliper 10 has service portion 10a and 10b of reaction portion and the 10c of bridge portion, service portion 10a and the 10b of reaction portion are arranged on the both sides of disc rotor 2, thereby cross disc rotor 2 and toward each other, the 10c of bridge portion in across the outside of disc rotor 2 frame on service portion 10a and the 10b of reaction portion to be connected.
Service portion 10a comprises cylindrical hole 12 and a pair of sliding pin supporting portion 10d, 10e, and the 10b of reaction portion comprises reaction pawl 10f disposed thereon.The top opening 10g of rectangle roughly is formed on the center of the 10c of bridge portion, to be communicated with setting up between the 10c of bridge portion inside and outside.The dish that torque reception stepped part 10h, 10i are separately positioned on top opening 10g leaves side and dish approaching side.Torque receiving surface 10k is formed on and is positioned at the torque that dish leaves side and receives stepped part 10h place along the pincers central side surface that dish leaves side of being positioned at of sliding pin supporting portion 10d.
Here, it is the vehicle side that disc rotor 2 occurs from caliper 10 when travelling forward that dish leaves side, and the dish approaching side is the side that disc rotor 2 enters caliper 10.In other words, when the hypothesis wheel was parallel to vehicle vertical, when vehicle travelled forward, the front side was the dish approaching side, and rear side is that dish leaves side.
In each brake pad 11, form with the lining 11a of the side surface sliding contact of disc rotor 2 and to be attached to metal backing 11b.Hanger pin insertion part 11d with hanger pin patchhole 11c is arranged on backboard 11b and vertically is positioned at center and radially outer position with outstanding from it, and lug spare 11e, 11e are arranged on the both sides of same backboard 11b.
Penetrating top opening 10g and frame strides the hanger pin 14 of service portion 10a and the 10b of reaction portion and is inserted among the hanger pin patchhole 11c, and, lug spare 11e, 11e are hooked to torque acceptance division 10h, 10i, so that brake pad 11,11 is suspended from the both sides of disc rotor 2, allow brake pad 11,11 axially to make sliding movement simultaneously along disc rotor 2.In addition, because of flat spring 15 is arranged between hanger pin 14 and the metal backing 11c with compressing, flexibly force brake pad 11,11 radially inner sides towards disc rotor 2.
Cylindrical hole 12 is arranged on the roughly center of service portion 10a, with open towards disc rotor 2 sides, and cup type piston 13 fluid-tight be inserted in the cylindrical hole 12, thereby between the bottom of piston 13 and cylindrical hole 12, determine hydraulic chamber 16.
Sliding pin supporting portion 10d, 10e are arranged to leave side-prominent from service portion 10a towards the radially inner side and the dish of disc rotor 2 along a side of disc rotor 2.Be positioned at sliding pin supporting portion 10d that dish leaves side and be arranged to along axially the extending of disc rotor 2 from service portion side direction reaction portion side, and, in the 10d of this sliding pin supporting portion, be formed with towards the guide hole 10m of the open long box-like of service portion side.The pincers central side surface of sliding pin supporting portion 10d constitutes aforesaid torque receiving surface 10k.Guide hole 10n is formed among the 10e of sliding pin supporting portion at the radially inner side of disc rotor, with disc rotor 2 axially on penetrate.Make the length of guide hole 10n shorter than the guide hole 10m that dish leaves side.
One of them the sliding pin attachment 5 that is arranged on the front fork 3 comprises the attachment hole 5a of sliding pin 8, and leaves side and coil outer circumferential side outstanding via the first supporting leg 4a, the second supporting leg 4b and the 3rd supporting leg 4c to dish.In addition, the first supporting leg 4a is arranged to extend from sliding pin attachment 5 along the action direction of retarding torque, the second supporting leg 4b is outstanding along the direction perpendicular to the first supporting leg 4a, and the intermediate portion of the 3rd supporting leg 4c between the first supporting leg 4a and the second supporting leg 4b is outstanding.
Another sliding pin attachment 7 comprises the attachment hole 7a of sliding pin 9, and all side-prominent in dish approaching side and dish via the first supporting leg 6a and the second supporting leg 6b.In addition, sliding pin attachment 5,7 is arranged to compare more approaching non-disc rotor side (non-disc rotor side) with the central axis of front fork 3 and is offset.
Be positioned at and coil the hexagon head bolt 8b (fixed element) that the sliding pin 8 that leaves side has sliding pin main body 8a and has flange, slide in the guide hole 10m of sliding pin main body 8a in being formed at sliding pin supporting portion 10d, hexagon head bolt 8b is attached to sliding pin attachment 5 with sliding pin main body 8a.Sliding pin main body 8a is included in the 8c of slide bar portion that slides in the guide hole 10m, with the first lip part 8d of disc rotor side surface (first side surface) adjacency of sliding pin attachment 5 and towards the open interior threaded hole 8e of the first lip part 8d.Hexagon head bolt 8b comprises the second lip part 8h and external thread part 8i, and the non-disc rotor side surface of this second lip part 8h and the sliding pin attachment 5 between hexagon-head 6f and the 8g of bar portion is (away from the side surface of disc rotor 2; Second side surface) adjacency, and external thread part 8i is formed on the end of the 8g of bar portion.
The sliding pin 9 that is positioned at all sides of dish has the structure identical with sliding pin 8, and has sliding pin main body 9a and hexagon head bolt 9b.Sliding pin main body 9a comprises the 9c of slide bar portion, the first lip part 9d and interior threaded hole 9e, and hexagon head bolt 9b comprises hexagon-head 9f, the 9g of bar portion, the second lip part 9h and external thread part 9i.
By hex head bolt 8b, 9b are inserted and make respectively from the outstanding external thread part 8i of sliding pin attachment, interior threaded hole 8e, 9e 9i precession sliding pin main body 8a, the 9a from the non-disc rotor side of sliding pin attachment 5,7, sliding pin 8,9 keeps sliding pin attachment 5,7 by hex head bolt 8b, 9b and sliding pin main body 8a, 9a respectively.Like this, hex head bolt 8b, 9b are permanently connected and are in the same place with sliding pin main body 8a, 9a.
In this way, be attached to and be arranged in the sliding pin 8 of sliding pin attachment 5 that dish leaves side and be inserted into and be arranged in the guide hole 10m that dish leaves the sliding pin supporting portion 10d of side.In addition, be attached to the sliding pin 9 that is arranged in the sliding pin attachment 7 of coiling all sides is inserted into all sides of dish that are positioned at caliper 10 via elasticity axle bush 17 sliding pin supporting portion 10e.Like this, caliper 10 is supported for endwisely slipping along disc rotor 2.
In the disk type braker 1 according to above-mentioned structure, when the driver applies when braking, the hydraulic fluid that pressure is increased by independent hydraulic main cylinder (not shown) is fed in the hydraulic chamber 16 in the caliper 10.So be fed to hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic chamber 16 along the direction pushing piston 13 of disc rotor 2, so that a side surface sliding contact of the brake pad 11 of service portion side and disc rotor 2.After this, caliper 10 is along the direction displacement of service portion, thereby reaction pawl 10f makes the brake pad 11 and the surperficial sliding contact of the opposite side of disc rotor 2 that is positioned at reaction portion side, applies braking thus.
Meanwhile, each brake pad 11 being drawn to dish and leaves side, thereby the torque receiving surface 10k of the disc spins side surface 11f of backboard 11b and sliding pin supporting portion 10d is adjacent to each other.Therefore, retarding torque is delivered to sliding pin supporting portion 10d, sliding pin main body 8a, hexagon head bolt 8b, sliding pin attachment 5 from torque receiving surface 10k, is delivered to front fork 3 via the first supporting leg 4a, the second supporting leg 4b and the 3rd supporting leg 4c at last.Like this, can be not increasing under the condition of the quantity of the parts of introducing, retarding torque is suitably received by front fork 3.
Especially, because the direction that the first supporting leg 4a is arranged to apply along retarding torque is extended and the second supporting leg 4b is arranged on the direction perpendicular to the first supporting leg 4a, so front fork 3 can receive retarding torque more reliably.
In addition, owing to be in the same place by keep sliding pin attachment 7 that sliding pin 8 is permanently connected sliding pin main body 8a with hexagon head bolt 8b with the first lip part 8d and the second lip part 8h, therefore, two lip part 8d, 8h have prevented that sliding pin from dropping, thereby, even retarding torque is applied to caliper 10, also can guarantee the sliding of caliper 10.
And sliding pin attachment 5,7 is arranged to respectively in the mode of comparing more approaching non-disc rotor side with the central axis of front fork 3 via corresponding supporting leg 4a, 4b, 4c, 6a, 6b and give prominence to.Like this, can guarantee that the size of caliper 10 is preventing caliper 10 in the scope of wheel, thereby can obtain enough braking force.
In addition, the first supporting leg 4a, the second supporting leg 4b and the connecting area and the front fork 3 between the 3rd supporting leg 4c that can be used in transmitting torque are bigger, thereby can retarding torque suitably be delivered to front fork via the first supporting leg 4a, the second supporting leg 4b and the 3rd supporting leg 4c.
And, because sliding pin attachment 5,7 is connected to front fork 3 via supporting leg, therefore, to compare with traditional plate shape carriage, the weight of caliper 10 can reduce.
In addition, can be only by among interior threaded hole 8e, the 9e among external thread part 8i, the 9i screw-in sliding pin main body 8a, the 9a that make hexagon head bolt 8b, 9b, and make each sliding pin 8,9 be attached to sliding pin attachment 5,7 respectively, thereby can sliding pin 8,9 be attached to corresponding attachment with simple reliable in structure ground.
Fig. 5 illustrates the second embodiment of the present invention, has identical reference character with composed component identical in above-mentioned first pattern, and omits the description to it.The external thread part 8k of this embodiment's hexagon head bolt 8b is shorter with respect to its axial length dimension, and only is arranged on the terminal part of hexagon head bolt 8b.Hexagon head bolt 8b inserts from the non-disc rotor side of sliding pin attachment, and 5 outstanding external thread part 8k screw in the interior threaded hole 8e from the sliding pin attachment.When the sliding pin attachment was kept by the first lip part 8d and the second lip part 8h, interior threaded hole 8e was screwed at the darker sidespin of comparing at sliding pin main body 8a with the first lip part 8d with external thread part 8k.
By this structure; since hexagon head bolt 8b do not have the externally threaded bar 8g of portion be arranged on joint between the first lip part 8d and the sliding pin attachment 5 near; wherein when applying braking; this joint is subjected to the effect of shearing force, it is hereby ensured the join strength between sliding pin 8 and the sliding pin attachment 5.
Be positioned at the structure that dish leaves the sliding pin 8 of side though this embodiment has been described as being applied to, also can make the sliding pin 9 that is positioned at all sides of dish have identical structure.
In addition, the invention is not restricted to three supporting legs and be set in place in dish and leave embodiment on the sliding pin attachment of side, therefore, any amount of supporting leg can be set, and can adopt the structure that the single plate shape supporting leg that is extended to the general triangular shape is set.
In addition, can adopt the sliding pin with following structure: external thread part is arranged on the sliding pin main body, the sliding pin main body is inserted from the disc rotor side of sliding pin attachment, external thread part is side-prominent to the non-disc rotor of sliding pin attachment, threaded bush with second lip part is as fixed element, and this threaded bush is screwed on the external thread part, make the sliding pin attachment be subjected to first lip part of sliding pin main body and threaded bush second lip part maintenance and be permanently connected.
Though described the present invention in conjunction with exemplary embodiment, but for those skilled in the art, clearly, do not departing under the condition of the present invention, can make various changes and modification, therefore purpose is, covers all and fall into change and modification in true spirit of the present invention and the scope in claims.

Claims (4)

1. pincers support structure that is used for vehicle disc brake comprises:
Disc rotor;
Caliper has service portion and reaction portion, and described service portion and reaction portion are arranged to the periphery across disc rotor, and this service portion has a pair of sliding pin supporting portion with guide hole;
A pair of brake pad is arranged between the service portion and reaction portion of caliper;
Draft hitch comprises a pair of sliding pin attachment; With
A pair of sliding pin is inserted in the sliding pin supporting portion and is attached to the sliding pin attachment, to allow the axial enterprising line slip campaign of caliper at disc rotor, wherein
Reception is left on the surface of side from the dish that is positioned at that the torque receiving surface of the retarding torque of brake pad is arranged on the sliding pin supporting portion, wherein when vehicle travels forward, leaves side at this dish, and disc rotor occurs from caliper,
Sliding pin comprises:
The sliding pin main body is slided in guide hole, and has first lip part that is positioned near the first side surface adjacency the disc rotor with the sliding pin attachment;
Fixed element is attached to the sliding pin attachment with the sliding pin main body, comprises second lip part away from the second side surface adjacency of disc rotor location with the sliding pin attachment,
Wherein, when remaining on the sliding pin attachment between first and second lip parts, the sliding pin main body is fixedly connected to fixed element,
The sliding pin attachment is wholely set on draft hitch via supporting leg, with outstanding from this draft hitch, and
Supporting leg has first supporting leg at least, and this first supporting leg applies direction along retarding torque and extends from the sliding pin attachment.
2. pincers support structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein
The sliding pin main body comprises the interior threaded hole of opening towards first lip part,
Fixed element is the bolt element that comprises second lip part and be positioned at terminal external thread part,
The sliding pin attachment is kept by first lip part and second lip part, and
External thread part screws in the interior threaded hole, so that sliding pin main body and fixed element are permanently connected together.
3. pincers support structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein
Interior threaded hole and external thread part are screwed together near the position that is positioned at respect to first lip part disc rotor.
4. pincers support structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Supporting leg has second supporting leg, and described second supporting leg is given prominence to from the sliding pin attachment on perpendicular to the direction of first supporting leg.
CN2008101768183A 2007-11-26 2008-11-25 Pincers support structure for vehicle disc brake Active CN101446322B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2007303898 2007-11-26
JP303898/07 2007-11-26
JP2008121971A JP4521453B2 (en) 2007-11-26 2008-05-08 Caliper body support structure for vehicle disc brakes
JP121971/08 2008-05-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101446322A CN101446322A (en) 2009-06-03
CN101446322B true CN101446322B (en) 2010-11-03

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2008101768183A Active CN101446322B (en) 2007-11-26 2008-11-25 Pincers support structure for vehicle disc brake

Country Status (5)

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JP (1) JP4521453B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101446322B (en)
BR (1) BRPI0805202B1 (en)
IT (1) IT1393184B1 (en)
TW (1) TWI336298B (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010137520A1 (en) * 2009-05-27 2010-12-02 日信工業株式会社 Caliper body support structure for vehicle disc brake
CN106218604A (en) * 2016-08-25 2016-12-14 王新平 A kind of two-wheeled vehicle liquid braking device installing mechanism
JP7057598B2 (en) * 2018-02-19 2022-04-20 株式会社プロテクタ Front-wheel drive and motorcycles using it
CN113915081B (en) * 2021-10-21 2023-05-23 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Wind wheel locking device for wind driven generator

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2508526Y2 (en) * 1990-07-05 1996-08-28 トキコ株式会社 Disc brake
JP2003056608A (en) * 2001-08-17 2003-02-26 Showa Corp Vehicular disk brake device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4521453B2 (en) 2010-08-11
JP2009150530A (en) 2009-07-09
BRPI0805202A2 (en) 2009-07-21
BRPI0805202A8 (en) 2018-05-02
TWI336298B (en) 2011-01-21
ITTO20080871A1 (en) 2009-05-27
TW200940385A (en) 2009-10-01
BRPI0805202B1 (en) 2019-02-12
IT1393184B1 (en) 2012-04-11
CN101446322A (en) 2009-06-03

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