CN1014460B - The air-fuel ratio sensor that is used for controlling combustion engine - Google Patents
The air-fuel ratio sensor that is used for controlling combustion engineInfo
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- CN1014460B CN1014460B CN 85101245 CN85101245A CN1014460B CN 1014460 B CN1014460 B CN 1014460B CN 85101245 CN85101245 CN 85101245 CN 85101245 A CN85101245 A CN 85101245A CN 1014460 B CN1014460 B CN 1014460B
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Abstract
Place the air-fuel ratio sensor of internal combustion engine combustion gas.Be used for detecting mix waste gas to determine the air fuel proportioning of internal combustion engine, this detecting device comprises a solid-state zirconium dioxide electrolyte layers, a pair of electrode of making on a electrolyte layers both sides and electrode is enclosed in overlayer on wherein the electrolyte layers.This detecting device has a diffusion region and the gas diffusion hole that detecting device outside and diffusion space are communicated.The electrode that is arranged in the diffusion region as anodal and another electrode as negative pole, between two electrodes, have a current lead-through with control diffusion region and oxygen concentration as the reference oxygen concentration.The voltage that detects between two electrodes just can be learnt the air fuel proportioning.
Description
Whether air-fuel ratio sensor involved in the present invention is in the mix waste gas that internal combustion engine is discharged, detect the air-fuel ratio of motor car engine and desirable air fuel proportioning and equate.The air-fuel ratio sensor that particularly can be used for the Control of Automobile engine, oxygen concentration by diffusion region in the control detection device is so that it becomes the reference value of measurement, and, can determine just whether air-fuel ratio equals desirable air fuel proportioning by waste gas oxygen concentration that detects discharge and the electromotive force that difference produced between the oxygen concentration in the diffusion region.
For whether the air-fuel ratio that detects motor car engine from the waste gas mixture of discharging equals desirable air fuel proportioning (excess air factor λ=1 during stoichiometric(al)), people's general custom is in using a kind of oxygen detection device, and it includes a pair of platinum electrode and solid-state zirconia electrolyte with catalytic action.This oxygen detection device is that another platinum electrode then placed atmosphere among a platinum electrode was placed waste gas, utilizes " atmosphere is with reference to method " to detect the state of λ=1.So-called " atmosphere is with reference to method ", actual is exactly because oxygen pressure in waste gas and the oxygen pressure in the atmosphere have nothing in common with each other, thereby can produce an electromotive force.Yet, huge based on oxygen detection device of " atmosphere is with reference to method " both complexity and structure, so it spends costliness.
For addressing these problems, once the someone proposed the suggestion about the oxygen detection device, but in these suggestions, all be that detecting device is placed waste gas, and an electrode is arranged is to be manufactured by the gold that does not have catalytic action, and another electrode was manufactured with platinum.Yet the electrode of gold system is not durable in use.It can not bear the rapid variation of oxygen detection device working environment, and the realization of this detecting device does not conform to actual yet.
So people have proposed another kind of oxygen detection device again, it is also placed among the waste gas fully, and its platinum electrode at another platinum electrode place, utilizes and take out the oxygen phenomenon also in waste gas, has produced a reference oxygen concentration.Taking out the oxygen phenomenon, promptly be that oxygen is sent to negative electrode from positive electrode, and positive and negative electrode all is connected on the solid electrolyte, and by the conduction of electric current, oxonium ion passes solid electrolyte and moves to positive pole from negative pole.
No. 69690/77 patent documentation that Japan patent applicant announce is published has announced that a kind of utilization takes out the oxygen detection device of oxygen phenomenon, it comprises solid-state zirconia electrolyte and generate one with reference to the oxygen district in electrolyte, and has one to enter diffusion hole with reference to the oxygen district for diffusion of oxygen.The purpose that designs this oxygen detection device is, by means of taking out the oxygen phenomenon, will find time, and according to the oxygen that is reduced in the reference oxygen district with reference to the oxygen in oxygen district, from the amount of oxygen that enters by diffusion hole to measure the oxygen concentration in detecting device.No. 69690/77 patent documentation that Japan patent applicant announce is published is not done any announcement for the notion that detects λ=1.
Announced a kind of oxygen detection device in No. 30681/80 patent documentation that Japan patent applicant announce is published, it have with one with reference to oxygen district two lamination zirconium dioxide solid-state electrolysis cells together, and an aspirating hole, this aspirating hole is to be used for finding time the reference oxygen district oxygen that forms between two batteries.In this detecting device, be environmental oxygen concentration by constant control and measurement with respect to reference oxygen district with reference to the oxygen concentration in the oxygen district.This detecting device only is used for measuring the oxygen concentration of atmosphere, and the notion that detects λ=1 is not referred in this publication.
No. 111441/82 patent documentation that Japan patent applicant announce is published has been announced a kind of oxygen detection device with two batteries, one of them battery is used for taking out oxygen and another is used for detecting the oxygen concentration of electromotive force transition point in the atmosphere, the purpose that designs this device is the transition point change of electromotive force, rather than is directly used in λ=1 state that detects.In addition, this detecting device has complicated rhythmo structure, just 30681/80 document of publishing as above-mentioned Japan patent applicant announce.
No. 154450/80 patent documentation that Japan patent applicant announce is published has been announced the oxygen detection device of two solid-state zirconium dioxide electrolytic cells of a kind of use, and wherein, battery is used for that oxygen is taken out in control and another is used for measuring.Designing the purpose of this detecting device, is will be by applying voltage or electric current to taking out oxygen cell, and the partial oxygen that is controlled at the reference electrode place that laminates the battery center by suction oxygen is pressed, so that can measure the value of λ from the electromotive force that detects battery.Owing to laminate battery, so this method also can't be avoided baroque problem, and can imagine, the hermetically-sealed construction of reference electrode can cause electrode to produce peeling phenomenon, or the component wear problem that the pressure rising causes during owing to oxygen uptake.Moreover, be compressed on reduce long-pending of porous electrode between two-layer with contacting of oxygen, cause catalytic action to weaken, thereby almost can not obtain temporal properties.In addition, manufacture the solid-state zirconia electrolyte of taking out oxygen cell, need a kind of porous sintered material, since restive to production technology, so its throughput rate is very low.
No. 16419/79 patent documentation that Japan patent applicant announce is published and 156856/80 has been announced the oxygen detection device of a battery of a kind of use, and this battery both can be used as takes out oxygen usefulness, can be used as again to detect to use.This class detecting device is battery to be placed on this battery is added with on the substrate of curtage, contacts a near partial oxygen the electrode with substrate with control and presses.And the state of λ=1 is to detect from the electromotive force of battery.Therefore this detecting device owing to also adopted hermetically-sealed construction at electrode interface place, has also that electrode peels off, a component wear and weaken the problem of catalytic action.As described in No. 154450/80 patent documentation that its situation is published as Japan patent applicant announce.
The present invention's purpose provides the air-fuel ratio sensor that is used for controlling combustion engine, and it can overcome the existing problem of above-mentioned prior art.Wherein, detecting device is placed waste gas and detecting device that one diffusion region is arranged fully, and in the diffusion region, utilization is taken out the oxygen phenomenon and controlled oxygen concentration, and from the electromotive force that produces, whether the air-fuel ratio of detection of engine equals desirable air fuel proportioning.
According to the present invention, air-fuel ratio sensor comprises a solid-state zirconium dioxide electrolyte layers; The a pair of electrode that forms on the electrolyte layers both sides; An overlayer, it is above electrolyte layers, and it and electrolyte layers have formed a diffusion region together and an electrode is enclosed in wherein; Also have a gas diffusion hole, it is able to and the detecting device exterior diffusion region.Between the positive electrode of diffusion region and outside negative electrode, a conduction current is arranged, with the oxygen concentration in its control diffusion region.According to oxygen concentration that places the diffusion region electrode and oxygen concentration poor that place another electrode of waste gas, and by and the voltage that between two electrodes, produces, just can detect air-fuel ratio and whether reached desirable air fuel proportioning state.This testing result is used to the air-fuel ratio of Control of Automobile engine.
In the present invention, air-fuel ratio sensor has a diffusion region around electrode, this electrode is placed in the region of reference oxygen concentration, with oxygen one bigger surface in contact is arranged, so can prevent that catalytic action from weakening, and gas diffusion hole can prevent to peel off or the component wear phenomenon owing to the electrode that the pressure rising in the diffusion region takes place.According to the present invention, air-fuel ratio sensor can be manufactured by thick-film technique, like this, has just realized the miniaturization of air-fuel ratio sensor, and has reduced cost.
Because this have a diffusion region, and in the diffusion region, utilize and take out the air-fuel ratio sensor that the oxygen phenomenon has produced reference oxygen concentration, introduce detecting device from the detecting device outside oxygen, so cause the oxygen concentration of outer electrode to be lower than oxygen concentration of exhaust gases slightly, this makes detecting device to a little higher than desirable air fuel proportioning of the response of waste gas oxygen concentration.In order to reduce this error, just should reduce to help to take out the current value of oxygen.This detecting device raises in its electrode terminal difference that its value of electromotive force is provided is the oxygen concentration of and inside, diffusion region outside with detecting device.Terminal voltage comprises a voltage drop, its value for the impedance of zirconia electrolyte with to take out the oxygen electric current long-pending, the impedance of this zirconium dioxide electrolyte layers changes with temperature.For making impedance variation as much as possible little, also need to reduce to take out the oxygen electric current to the influence of electrode terminal voltage.On the other hand, the carbon monoxide in waste gas enters the diffusion region through diffusion hole, causes carbon monoxide and oxygen to react and generates carbon dioxide, and this is a reversible reaction.When waste gas was the rich oil district, the oxygen demand of carrying out above-mentioned reaction increased, if it is less to take out the oxygen amount in the diffusion region, then the oxygen concentration of diffusion region will descend, and therefore, diminished with the difference of the oxygen concentration of detecting device outside, like this, had finally caused the output of detecting device to descend.Cause needs to take out the oxygen electric current and determines a suitable value for this reason.This current value is determined in the size of diffusion hole area, and its effect is when preventing into oxygen, because the pressure of diffusion region raises and may make device damage.The present inventor confirms that the area of this diffusion hole should be equal to or less than 1/100 of electrode area by experiment.At this moment, the above-mentioned error that detects desirable air fuel proportioning is reduced, and the influence of the voltage drop at zirconium dioxide electrolyte layers two ends also can reduce within the Min., also can reduce the voltage drop in dense district.So being actually provides satisfied detector characteristic.Can see that this diffusion region is to be enough to bear boosting wherein.
From following explanation and accompanying drawing, can clearly understand advantage of the present invention and several embodiment:
Fig. 1 shows according to principle of the present invention, is used for the detecting device of controlling combustion engine air-fuel ratio.
The relation curve of air-fuel ratio sensor output characteristics shown in Figure 2 and electric current.
The relation curve of air-fuel ratio sensor output characteristics shown in Figure 3 and temperature.
The relation curve of Fig. 4 shows, the influence of steady current in air-fuel ratio sensor output.
Fig. 5 is detecting device prototype experiment result's a curve.
Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b have shown the shape of gas diffusion hole in the detecting device model machine.
Fig. 7 is used for illustrating the manufacture technology of air-fuel ratio sensor.
Fig. 8 is the static characteristic curve figure of detecting device model machine.
Fig. 9 is the dynamic characteristic figure of detecting device model machine.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram that has the actual air fuel ratio detector of a well heater.
Figure 11 is used for illustrating the curve map that detected value exerted an influence of the area of gas diffusion hole to λ.
According to the present invention, the structural principle of air-fuel ratio sensor as shown in Figure 1, this structure comprises solid-state zirconia electrolyte, as the platinum electrode 2 of detecting device positive electrode work with as the platinum electrode 3 of detecting device negative electrode work, diffusion region 4, gas diffusion hole 5, constant current source 6 and the terminal 7 and 8 that is connected respectively to electrode 1,3.
In the structure of Fig. 1, the voltage e between the terminal 7 and 8 is the impedance r of electromotive force E, solid-state zirconia electrolyte, and the coefficient result of electric current I p; Wherein, the difference that electromotive force E is pressed by two electrode place oxygen and between electrode, producing, electric current I p is from the flow through value of detecting device of current source.Relational expression between them is as follows:
e＝E+r????Ip????（1）
By at negative electrode three intersection interface places the local oxygen of (for example, electrode, waste gas and zirconium dioxide are exactly a three-phase interface surface that is in contact with one another) press P
1, the local oxygen in the diffusion region 4 is pressed P
2, can electromotive force E is as follows by Nernst (Nernst) formulate:
E＝ (RT)/(4F) ln (P
2)/(P
1) （2）
Here, F is faraday (Faraday) constant, and T is an absolute temperature, and R is the atmosphere constant.
According to the present invention, unless when taking out oxygen, otherwise the air fuel detecting device that places waste gas fully is to P
1And P
2The value that provides equates that therefore, electromotive force is zero.Just because of this, control oxygen concentration in the diffusion region 4 with constant current source 6, as steady current Ip during from positive platinum electrode 2 to negative platinum electrode 3 conductings, the three-phase interface place of negative platinum electrode 3 and the oxygen at zirconia electrolyte 1 place just are ionized, and adsorbed by positive electrode, the oxonium ion after the ionization is again by positive platinum electrode oxidation and make it reduction and become oxygen molecule.In other words, the oxygen molecule at negative electrode interface place is energized electric current and has been directed to the diffusion region exactly.And the oxygen molecule quantity of introducing to be value by steady current Ip determined, and the value of electric current I p be not always require invariable.
Owing to there is oxygen, and carbon monoxide entered diffusion region 4 from gas diffusion hole 5, therefore in diffusion region 4, just taken place and the reacting phase that on negative electrode, is taken place with situation, the chemical equation of this reaction is as follows:
In the waste gas that motor car engine is discharged, excess air factor λ is less than 1 dense district, and carbon monoxide is more than oxygen, and at excess air factor λ more than or equal to 1 so-called rarefied zone, carbon monoxide is less than oxygen again.
Therefore, less than 1 dense district, oxygen is consumed by the chemical reaction shown in (3) formula at λ.And in the diffusion region 4, then need conduction by steady current, obtain more oxygen from negative electrode.As a result, positive electrode has had a hyperoxia concentration, and at the intersection of negative electrode, because the catalytic action of platinum electrode produced anaerobic condition, and then caused having produced a high electromotive force E, otherwise in rarefied zone, the carbon monoxide at the excessive and negative electrode place of oxygen seldom.Therefore the difference in oxygen concentration between of diffusion region 4 and negative electrode intersection is very little, by the given electromotive force of (1) formula as many as zero.So,, just can detect the state of λ=1 by the oxygen that enters diffusion region 4 from negative electrode.
According to the present invention, Fig. 2 represents the output characteristics of air-fuel ratio sensor.The amount of oxygen that enters diffusion region 4 as previously mentioned is that the value with steady current Ip is directly proportional.Therefore, increase Ip can cause reducing at the oxygen at three intersection interface places of negative electrode, and this phenomenon appears at oil-poor district.The transition point of electromotive force is not just in time to appear at excess air factor λ=1 place, but the skew on one side towards oil-poor district.For preventing the skew of transition point, just should select the Ip value value an of the best.
Fig. 3 has shown an example of air-fuel ratio detected temperatures characteristic of the present invention.In this curve map, temperature T emp
1Be lower than Temp
2, and output voltage is at lower temperature T emp
1The time higher, its reason just increases in zirconia electrolyte its impedance when temperature descends.Therefore, because the influence of electric current I p and the overvoltage of impedance loss, voltage drop also increases.For avoiding increasing voltage drop, electric current I p must be smaller.
Fig. 4 shows by the resulting detecting device output characteristic curve of different constant current value.In this curve map, electric current I p
3Greater than electric current I p
4, steady current Ip
3In the gamut of excess air factor λ, present good output characteristics, and steady current Ip
4When reducing, the λ value provided lower output voltage.The reason that produces this phenomenon is that carbon monoxide increases in the dense district waste gas, its result just causes more carbon monoxide to enter the diffusion region, and owing to lack the required oxygen feeding amount of chemical reaction that (3) formula shows, make the oxygen concentration of positive electrode and negative electrode three-phase intersection be close, so electromotive force descend.
As mentioned above, air-fuel ratio sensor exists a problem, and promptly with respect to λ=1 point, voltage output transition point can be shifted to oil-poor district on one side, and another problem of existence is that the carbon monoxide along with diffusion increases in dense district, and output voltage will descend.The problems referred to above all depend on the value of steady current and the area of gas diffusion hole to a great extent.Because oxygen concentration is to control from the oxygen molecule quantity that negative electrode enters the diffusion region, thus the size of gas diffusion hole again with because diffusion region pressure rises the problem that may cause device to damage closely related.
In view of such circumstances, inventor of the present invention has manufactured the air-fuel ratio sensor S of experiment usefulness
1And S
2, the diameter of their gas diffusion hole has nothing in common with each other, thereby has further confirmed the above-mentioned fact, and Fig. 5 has shown experimental result.Because the effect of exciting current, the drift value of the feasible λ value that detects increases and increases gradually with electric current.Its basic reason is that the electric current increase can make more oxygen enter the diffusion region, like this, makes and more departing from λ=1 point that three intersection interface places of negative electrode have produced anaerobic condition.Therefore, the λ value of detecting device electromotive force generation transition place has also just produced at Ip
1And Ip
2Drift phenomenon between the curve, as shown in Figure 2.For making the skew minimum of the output transition point λ of place, then the value of steady current Ip must be selected as much as possible for a short time.As shown in Figure 3, a little Ip value is also beneficial to preventing situation about increasing in the voltage drop that low-temperature space causes owing to impedance increases.If can make the Ip value little, then can allow gas diffusion hole that one less aperture is arranged, help the volume miniaturization of air-fuel ratio sensor like this.Yet as shown in Figure 4, if exciting current Ip is too little, the oxygen that enters diffusion region 4 also reduces, and because the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity increases, its result has just caused the output in the dense district to descend.The dotted portion of Fig. 5 has been represented characteristic that should the zone and characteristic that different gas diffusion holes is compared, as detecting device S
1The aperture be 0.12mm, detecting device S
2The aperture be 0.03mm, from figure, can find the detecting device S that the gaseous diffusion bore dia is littler
2Can more accurate detection λ=1 point.
As mentioned above, in the diffusion region, cause the pressure of diffusion region to increase owing to the aperture of gas diffusion hole is too small, thereby the device that causes damage problem, through detecting device S
2Check, its result confirms, the maximum weighted v in the detecting device laminated body is so little so that with being that the problem that device damages is not worried about.
At last, experiment and then confirmation although the characteristic of detecting device depends on the length of diffusion hole, as long as the area of gas diffusion hole is equal to or less than 1/100 of negative electrode area, then can obtain good detection device characteristic.
Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b are the accompanying drawings about the gaseous diffusion hole shape of detecting device model machine.Fig. 6 a is a transverse cross-sectional view, Fig. 6 b is a longitudinal sectional drawing, Fig. 7 is the manufacturing process that is used for illustrating air-fuel ratio sensor of the present invention, the diameter of gas diffusion hole 5 is so little, so that can get by boring or puncturing technique, shown in Fig. 6 b, it is a lateral trench of making in detector cell.
Detector arrangement shown in Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b, its actual manufacturing process can be done a briefly narration with reference to Fig. 7.At first, the both sides without the zirconium dioxide sheet 10 of sintering brush platinum glue 20 and 30, thereby have formed the electrode that thickness is about 10 μ m; Secondly, carbon containing organic bond 70 is printed on the two ends of platinum electrode 20, adhere on without sintered sheets 10 good potsherd 60 and 60 ' also be printed on the outside of bonding agent 70, wherein, the material that potsherd 60 and 60 ' can be and sintered sheets not 10 are the same.Once more organic bond 70 is printed on potsherd 60 ' and platinum glue 20 on to form gas diffusion hole and diffusion region.Then, again by a slice without the coverture 10 of sintering ' they are covered, and their heating are depressed into about 200 ℃.Under the soaking condition in hot pressing, organic bond 70 has been burnt, thereby has formed gas diffusion hole and diffusion region.At last, through 1500 ℃ roasting technique, just obtained the air-fuel ratio sensor shown in Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 represent output characteristics and the resonse characteristic as Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b and Manufactured air-fuel ratio sensor shown in Figure 7 respectively.This device produces an output transition that a bit lags behind at excess air factor λ=1 place.Compare with general existing oxygen detection device, the dynamic perfromance of this device is responsive.
Comprise the present invention, utilize the shortcoming of the air-fuel ratio sensor of taking out the oxygen phenomenon to be that they can not be in low-temperature space work.For this reason, when using detecting device, should be heated to the working temperature more than 500 ℃.
As an embodiment, Figure 10 has showed an air-fuel ratio sensor with well heater, this well heater is manufactured by the thick-film technique technology, on its both sides, does an insulation course (for example insulation course of aluminium oxide) so that itself and zirconium dioxide electrolyte layers are isolated.
Inventor of the present invention had tested the influence of the area of gas diffusion hole to the measuring accuracy of desirable air-fuel ratio, and Figure 11 is experimental result.In this curve map, the λ value that experimental prototype detected that will not destroy output in dense district is as ordinate, and electrode area and, likening to of gaseous diffusion hole area are horizontal ordinate, thereby have obtained the relation curve of λ with the area ratio.To each parameter area, utilize the dozens of experimental prototype to test.In these parameters, the area of electrode is from 3-200mm, and the width of gas diffusion hole is 0.002～3mm, and length is from 0.1-7mm.Found through experiments, be distributed in the dash area in the curve map by the detected λ value of these samples (for example exporting the λ value of the intersection point that jumps) at detecting device.Can see characteristic trend by figure, promptly the length of gas diffusion hole is short more, and the numerical value that the λ value of detection moves towards oil-poor district is big more, and the reason that produces this phenomenon is that a large amount of carbon monoxide has entered the diffusion region by short gas diffusion hole.As shown in the figure, control within the scope of a few percent then requirement for the λ value side-play amount that experimental prototype is detected
Claims (4)
1, an air-fuel ratio sensor that places the waste gas that internal combustion engine discharges can be used for detecting the waste gas mixture, whether equals desirable air fuel proportioning with the air-fuel ratio in the decision internal combustion engine, and this air-fuel ratio sensor is characterised in that:
One solid-state zirconium dioxide electrolyte layers is arranged;
The a pair of electrode that lays respectively at above-mentioned electrolyte layers both sides;
A slice coverture, it and has sealed a described electrode above described solid-state zirconium dioxide electrolyte layers, and a diffusion region is arranged, and it forms between described coverture and electrolyte layers;
A gas diffusion hole that is used to make described diffusion region and the outside intercommunication of detecting device;
Wherein, the constant excitation electric current that constant-current source device provides conducts between as the electrode in the diffusion region of positive electrode and another electrode as negative electrode, so that under the situation of not considering air-fuel ratio, the oxygen molecule of constant basis is provided for the diffusion region, thereby the oxygen concentration of controlling in the described diffusion region makes it become reference oxygen concentration, and the voltage that can between described two electrodes, produce, detect air-fuel ratio and whether equal desirable air fuel proportioning.
2, detecting device according to claim 1, the area that it is characterized in that described gas diffusion hole is 1/100～1/1000 of a negative electrode area.
3, detecting device according to claim 2 it is characterized in that described gas diffusion hole and diffusion region are to utilize the method for roasting organic bond to make, and described diffusion hole is channel form.
4, detecting device according to claim 3 is characterized in that described detecting device has a well heater.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85101245 CN1014460B (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | The air-fuel ratio sensor that is used for controlling combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85101245 CN1014460B (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | The air-fuel ratio sensor that is used for controlling combustion engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85101245A CN85101245A (en) | 1987-01-10 |
| CN1014460B true CN1014460B (en) | 1991-10-23 |
Family
ID=4791715
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85101245 Expired CN1014460B (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | The air-fuel ratio sensor that is used for controlling combustion engine |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1014460B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4426841B2 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2010-03-03 | サウスウェスト リサーチ インスティテュート | Method and apparatus for testing the durability of a catalytic converter |
| JP4874918B2 (en) * | 2007-10-01 | 2012-02-15 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Gas sensor abnormality diagnosis method, gas sensor abnormality diagnosis device |
| FI122264B (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2011-11-15 | Waertsilae Finland Oy | The measuring arrangement |
-
1985
- 1985-04-01 CN CN 85101245 patent/CN1014460B/en not_active Expired
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN85101245A (en) | 1987-01-10 |
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