CN101445226B - Novel technology of two-effect evaporation of phosphoric acid with wet method - Google Patents
Novel technology of two-effect evaporation of phosphoric acid with wet method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101445226B CN101445226B CN2008102362482A CN200810236248A CN101445226B CN 101445226 B CN101445226 B CN 101445226B CN 2008102362482 A CN2008102362482 A CN 2008102362482A CN 200810236248 A CN200810236248 A CN 200810236248A CN 101445226 B CN101445226 B CN 101445226B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of phosphoric acid production, and relates to a novel technology of two-effect evaporation of phosphoric acid with wet method. The novel technology comprises the following steps: adding dilute phosphoric acid to a circulation loop; heating with vapor; conducting flash evaporation at a specific temperature and under a specific pressure; and removing water to concentrate a phosphoric acid. A concentration device comprises two loops connected in series, and is counter-flow operated; and the concentration of the phosphoric acid raises from effect I to effect II,however, the temperature of the vapor falls from effect I to effect II, that is, fresh air is used for heating effect I phosphoric acid to generate secondary steam and then heating effect II phosphoric acid. The invention can save vapor consumption, save construction material and investment and improve economic benefit of enterprises.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the phosphoric acid production field, relate to a kind of two-effect evaporation of phosphoric acid with wet method technology.
Background technology
Phosphoric acid by wet process is the basic intermediates of multiple fertilizer of phosphorus and phosphate industry, has important status, is in great demand.China has formed about 9,000,000 tons of/year P at present
2O
5Throughput, 5,580,000 tons of P are wherein arranged approximately
2O
5Use through concentrating the back, extensively adopt pump circulation vacuum concentration single-effect evaporation technology.The employing multiple-effect evaporation technology that also is not reported equally abroad.
The shortcoming of single-effect evaporation maximum is exactly the thermal utilization rate variance, and only through once utilizing, the secondary steam of generation does not utilize, and directly sends to condensation and also need consume a large amount of recirculated cooling waters for steam consumption height, the heat of live steam.The every evaporation of single-effect evaporation 1kg water consumes heating steam 1.3kg approximately, and every condensation 1t steam needs recirculated cooling water 60m approximately
3
Multiple-effect evaporation can be saved the live steam consumption greatly, and its value is inversely proportional to effect number n.Theoretically, evaporation 1kg water live steam consumption is roughly 1/n.In fact owing to add thermal material, equipment pipe heat radiation, steam and phlegma leakage etc., the consumption of live steam can be bigger than theoretical value, and general average is:
Single-action economic benefits and social benefits triple effect quadruple effect five is imitated
Steam consumption kg/kg water 1.1 0.57 0.4 0.3 0.27
It is many more to imitate number, and it is many more to save steam, but the amplitude taper of saving.
The boiling point elevation value of phosphoric acid is very big, this means that being heated boiling point need have much higher temperature than adding hot water, but the temperature of saturation of the secondary steam that produces is not high again, if will just utilize relatively difficulty again as thermal source.
Owing to the reasons such as resistance of ducting loss of the elevation of boiling point of phosphoric acid, hydrostatic head loss and secondary steam, each imitates evaporation element, and all to need the Heating temperature of a minimum poor.Each imitates Heating temperature difference sum, and to have formed system-wide total Heating temperature poor.Obviously, it is poor that multiple-effect evaporation needs bigger total Heating temperature than single-effect evaporation, and this becomes one of main difficulty that multiple-effect evaporation need solve.Usually take to improve I and imitate the temperature of evaporation live steam and phosphoric acid, or in allowed band, reduce the end and imitate pressure and phosphoric acid temperature to meet this requirement.
Contain plurality of impurities in the phosphoric acid, such as F
-, Cl
-, SO
4 2-Ion causes it to have very strong corrodibility.Corrodibility was strong more when the high more or acid concentration of temperature was dense more, and is therefore very high to the corrosion-resistant requirement of metal and non-metallic material.The secondary steam that produces during single-effect evaporation needn't be used as thermal source, so can set pressure and phosphoric acid temperature lower, extent of corrosion greatly alleviates like this, and equipment and materials solves easily.Multiple-effect evaporation is quite different, and it need conduct heat under higher temperature and evaporate, and material is required very harshness, and alternative scope is littler.
Summary of the invention
The Phosphoric Acid Concentration double flash evaporation technology that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of energy efficiency.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical measures:
The present invention adopts two-effect evaporation technology, and the major measure of employing has: improve I and imitate the live steam temperature, improve I and imitate flashing chamber pressure and phosphoric acid temperature, making I imitate secondary steam has enough temperature of superheat and temperature of saturation; Suitably reduce II and imitate flashing chamber pressure and phosphoric acid temperature.Guarantee that each imitates and all to have essential Heating temperature difference and system-wide total Heating temperature poor.
Imitate ratio and the composition that fluorine is overflowed, the fluorine recovery process of having made appropriate arrangements in this technology is imitated the secondary steam phlegma with I and is added to the fluorine absorption system that II is imitated vaporised gas according to each.Uncondensed gas lowered the temperature again carry out fluorine and absorb.Reclaim fluorine as much as possible, make the silicofluoric acid of the concentration that meets the requirements.
Can select and develop the material and facility that is suitable for to be applied in the industrialized unit according to China's current techniques Status of development.
Flow process narration: see schema.
The recycle acid that dilute phosphoric acid adds after II is imitated evaporation circuit and heated mixes mutually.Enter flashing chamber then, flash evaporation under the decompression situation is removed portion water moisture.Circulate in the loop through preliminary spissated phosphoric acid major part, use from I via well heater and imitate the secondary steam heating that evaporation produces, small part then seals in I and imitates evaporation circuit.
II is imitated the vaporised gas processing and is used old process: scum dredger, two-stage fluorine absorber, first-stage condenser, two-stage steam injector before and after being provided with.Water (or I is imitated the secondary steam phlegma) absorbs the fluorine in the gas, makes the byproduct silicofluoric acid.
In like manner, in I effect evaporation circuit, further evaporate, reach desired concentration with the live steam heating through preliminary spissated phosphoric acid.The gelled acid major part is at system's internal recycle, and small part is transported to the clarification of sour tank field and stored.
I is imitated secondary steam as after the thermal source heating II effect phosphoric acid, and self becomes phlegma, and real is rare silicofluoric acid.In order to reclaim fluorine wherein, a part of phlegma adds to II effect vapo(u)rization system and further absorbs fluorine again, and another part is then incorporated in the recirculated cooling water, the unified recycling.The gas of abundant condensation is not used through overcooled silicofluoric acid through the one-level fluorine absorber and is absorbed, then via the steam injector suction evacuation.
Main technologic parameters:
1) II is imitated evaporation: inlet dilute phosphoric acid concentration 24～28%P
2O
5
Go out II and imitate phosphoric acid concentration 33～35%P
2O
5
Flashing chamber pressure: 10～14kPa
Flashing chamber phosphoric acid temperature: 60～70 ℃
Temperature head is 5～6 ℃ before and after the phosphoric acid well heater
Phosphoric acid well heater heat transfer coefficient: K=5000kJ/ (m
2Hk)
By-product fluosilicic acid concentration 12～22%H
2SiF
6
2) I is imitated evaporation: inlet phosphoric acid concentration 33～35%P
2O
5
Go out I and imitate phosphoric acid concentration 48～52%P
2O
5
Flashing chamber pressure: 70～80kPa
Flashing chamber phosphoric acid temperature: 110～130 ℃
Live steam (saturation steam) pressure 〉=4.85kg/cm
2
Temperature 〉=150 ℃
Temperature head is 2～3 ℃ before and after the phosphoric acid well heater
Phosphoric acid well heater heat transfer coefficient: K=4100kJ/ (m
2Hk)
Can guarantee that system is able to the operation of balance efficient economy ground to the parameter of equipment such as sour well heater, flashing chamber, recycle pump, fluorine absorber, silicofluoric acid water cooler and the optimization design of structured material.
A kind of phosphoric acid by wet process concentrates two-effect evaporation technology, and its concrete grammar is: dilute phosphoric acid joins in the circulation loop, uses steam heating, and flash evaporation under specific temperature and pressure is removed moisture content and made Phosphoric Acid Concentration; Concentrating unit is formed counter-current operation by two placed in-line loops; Phosphoric acid is imitated I from II and is imitated concentration from low to high, and steam is then imitated II from I and imitated, and to low temperature, promptly live steam at first is used to heat I effect phosphoric acid by high temperature, and the secondary steam of generation is used for heating II again and imitates phosphoric acid; I is imitated in the secondary steam and is contained SiF
4Absorb through condensation and water with HF, make 12%～22%H
2SiF
6Silicofluoric acid is imitated the rare silicofluoric acid that evaporates recovery with I and is sealed in II effect vapo(u)rization system, further absorbs, and with raising silicofluoric acid concentration, and prevents the silica gel generation, avoids the equipment line clogging;
Wherein: the technical parameter that II is imitated evaporation is: dilute phosphoric acid concentration 24%～28%P
2O
5, II is imitated phosphoric acid concentration 33%～35%P
2O
5, 60～70 ℃ of phosphoric acid temperature, temperature head is 5～6 ℃ before and after the flashing chamber pressure 10～14kPa, well heater, well heater heat transfer coefficient 5000kJ/ (m
2Hk), by-product fluosilicic acid concentration 12%～22%H
2SiF
6
The technical parameter that I is imitated evaporation is: reinforced phosphoric acid concentration 33%～35%P
2O
5, outlet phosphoric acid concentration 48%～52%P
2O
5, 110～130 ℃ of phosphoric acid temperature, flashing chamber pressure 70～80kPa, live steam pressure 〉=4.85kg/cm
2, temperature 〉=150 ℃; Temperature head is 2～3 ℃ before and after 110～130 ℃ of the secondary steam temperature, well heater, well heater heat transfer coefficient 4100kJ/ (m
2Hk).
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) energy-saving and cost-reducing.The heat energy of live steam replenishes twice utilization, thereby can save steam consumption greatly.The steam consumption of two-effect evaporation is saved 45%, one 300,000 tons of/year P than existing single-effect evaporation by norm
2O
5Phosphoric acid concentrating device can be saved steam 45.17t/h or 32.52 ten thousand tons/year, concerning 100,000 tons of/year phosphoric acid concentrating devices, can save heating steam 15.0t/h or 10.84 ten thousand tons/year.If this technology can both be applied in the whole nation, be equivalent to save 810,000 tons/year of standard coals.
2) can improve the business economic benefit.Owing to reduced steam consumption, average every production 1t P
2O
5Can save steam 1.084t and reduce 86.8 yuan of/ton P of production cost
2O
5, 100,000 tons of production lines can reduce 8,680,000 yuan the whole year.
3) the flashing chamber sectional area ratio single-effect evaporation of double-effect evaporation is little by 56.8%, thereby can save construction material and investment.
4) flow of the phosphoric acid heater area of double-effect evaporation and two kinds of technologies of single-effect evaporation and recycle pump is about the same.The former table of equipment number is more, but specification is less, and this helps the amplification and the production domesticization of unit scale, and investment economizes.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. phosphoric acid medial launder 2. phosphoric acid pump 3.II effect heater 4.II effect flash chamber 5.II effect circulating pump 6.II effect demister 7.1# fluorine absorber 8.2# fluorine absorber 9. separator 10.II are imitated condenser 11.II effect steam jet ejector 12.1#F seal groove 13.1#F circulating slot 14.2#F seal groove 15.2#F circulating slot 16. condenser seal grooves 17. fluosilicic acid coolers 18. fluosilicic acid pump 19.II effect condensate receiver 20.I effect fluorine absorber 21. fluosilicic acid seal groove 22.I effect steam jet ejector 23. seal groove 24.I and are imitated heater 25.I effect condensate receiver 26.I effect flash chamber 27.I effect circulating pump 28.I effect demister 29. finished acid pumps
Embodiment
The invention will be further elaborated by the following examples.
Embodiment 1:
1 300,000 tons of/year P
2O
5Phosphoric acid concentrating device is made up of 3 production lines, 100,000 tons/year of every line abilities, and its technology such as flow process are shown in Figure 1, and each bar line comprises following major equipment:
(1) I is imitated heater tube shell-type F
i=385m
2The greying pipe, the carbon steel shell
(2) I is imitated flashing chamber D=1.8m carbon steel lining isoprene-isobutylene rubber or F4, bottom lining carbon brick
(3) I is imitated recycle pump shaft streaming Q=5000m
3/ h H=4.6m pump case impeller F33 or 2205
(4) II is imitated heater tube shell-type F
i=200m
2The greying pipe, carbon steel lining butyl rubber shell
(5) II is imitated flashing chamber D=3.8m carbon steel lining isoprene-isobutylene rubber, bottom lining carbon brick
(6) II is imitated recycle pump shaft streaming Q=2580m
3The major equipment of/h H=4.6m pump case impeller F33 or CD4MCu double-effect evaporation and single-effect evaporation relatively
100,000 tons of/year P
2O
5Production line
From as can be known above-mentioned, the phosphoric acid concentrating device of same scale, the flashing chamber area of the ratio single-effect evaporation of flashing chamber total sectional area double-effect evaporation saves 56.86%, and two kinds of technologies of phosphoric acid heater area and pump flow are suitable substantially.The table of equipment number of double-effect evaporation is more, but specification is less, invests less.
Dilute phosphoric acid joins in the pump circulation loop, uses steam heating, and flash evaporation under specific temperature and pressure is removed moisture content and made Phosphoric Acid Concentration; Concentrating unit is formed counter-current operation by two placed in-line loops; Phosphoric acid is imitated I from II and is imitated concentration from low to high, and steam is then imitated II from I and imitated, by high temperature to low temperature (live steam at first is used to heat I and imitates phosphoric acid, and the secondary steam of generation is used for heating II effect phosphoric acid again); Imitate the secondary steam emptying after treatment that produces by II; I is imitated in the secondary steam and is contained SiF
4Absorb through condensation and water with HF, make 12%～22%H
2SiF
6Silicofluoric acid.I is imitated the rare silicofluoric acid that evaporates recovery seal in II effect vapo(u)rization system, further absorb,, and prevent the silica gel generation, avoid the equipment line clogging with raising silicofluoric acid concentration.
The technical parameter that II is imitated evaporation is: dilute phosphoric acid concentration 24%～28%P
2O
5, II is imitated phosphoric acid concentration 33%～35%P
2O
5, 60～70 ℃ of phosphoric acid temperature, temperature head is 5～6 ℃ before and after the flashing chamber pressure 10～14kPa, well heater, well heater heat transfer coefficient 5000kJ/ (m
2Hk), by-product fluosilicic acid concentration 12%～22%H
2SiF
6
The technical parameter that I is imitated evaporation is: reinforced phosphoric acid concentration (go out II and imitate phosphoric acid concentration) 33%～35%P
2O
5, outlet phosphoric acid concentration 48%～52%P
2O
5, 110～130 ℃ of phosphoric acid temperature, flashing chamber pressure 70～80kPa, live steam (saturation steam) pressure 〉=4.85kg/cm
2, temperature 〉=150 ℃.110～130 ℃ of secondary steam temperature (supply with II and imitate heating), temperature head is 2～3 ℃ before and after the well heater, well heater heat transfer coefficient 4100kJ/ (m
2Hk).
Owing to adopted double-effect evaporation technology, compare with single effect evaporation, but this device steam saving consumes 45.17t/h or 32.52 ten thousand ton/years, but therefore 86.8 yuan/tons of P of Decrease production cost2O
5Or 2,604 ten thousand yuan/year.
Claims (1)
1. a phosphoric acid by wet process concentrates two-effect evaporation technology, and it is characterized in that: dilute phosphoric acid joins in the circulation loop, uses steam heating, and flash evaporation under specific temperature and pressure is removed moisture content and made Phosphoric Acid Concentration; Concentrating unit is formed counter-current operation by two placed in-line loops; Phosphoric acid is imitated I from II and is imitated concentration from low to high, and steam is then imitated II from I and imitated, and to low temperature, promptly live steam at first is used to heat I effect phosphoric acid by high temperature, and the secondary steam of generation is used for heating II again and imitates phosphoric acid; I is imitated in the secondary steam and is contained SiF
4Absorb through condensation and water with HF, make 12%～22%H
2SiF
6Silicofluoric acid is imitated the rare silicofluoric acid that evaporates recovery with I and is sealed in II effect vapo(u)rization system, further absorbs, and with raising silicofluoric acid concentration, and prevents the silica gel generation, avoids the equipment line clogging;
Wherein: the technical parameter that II is imitated evaporation is: dilute phosphoric acid concentration 24%～28%P
2O
5, II is imitated phosphoric acid concentration 33%～35%P
2O
5, 60～70 ℃ of phosphoric acid temperature, temperature head is 5～6 ℃ before and after the flashing chamber pressure 10～14kPa, well heater, well heater heat transfer coefficient 5000kJ/ (m
2Hk), by-product fluosilicic acid concentration 12%～22%H
2SiF
6
The technical parameter that I is imitated evaporation is: reinforced phosphoric acid concentration 33%～35%P
2O
5, outlet phosphoric acid concentration 48%～52%P
2O
5, 110～130 ℃ of phosphoric acid temperature, flashing chamber pressure 70～80kPa, live steam pressure 〉=4.85kg/cm
2, temperature 〉=150 ℃; Temperature head is 2～3 ℃ before and after 110～130 ℃ of the secondary steam temperature, well heater, well heater heat transfer coefficient 4100kJ/ (m
2Hk).
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| CN101445226B true CN101445226B (en) | 2011-04-13 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
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| CN102249203A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-23 | 南通京通石墨设备有限公司 | Phosphoric acid evaporation process and device thereof |
| CN102659117A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-09-12 | 瓮福（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for reinforcing fluorine absorption in mass transfer process |
| CN105836830A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-08-10 | 匡红 | Concentrating device for waste liquid containing solids and method for treating waste liquid containing solids |
| CN114314539B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2023-04-11 | 四川大学 | Method for multi-effect sectional concentration and fractional flash defluorination of wet-process phosphoric acid |
| CN113625796A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-09 | 唐山市宝凯科技有限公司 | Spiral conveying dual-effect evaporation coal material humidity adjusting device and online humidity control method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1843901A (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2006-10-11 | 中国石化集团南京设计院 | Wet-process two-stage phosphoric acid concentration method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1843901A (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2006-10-11 | 中国石化集团南京设计院 | Wet-process two-stage phosphoric acid concentration method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 杜怀明等."磷酸预浓缩法"磷铵节能新工艺及关键技术.《现代化工》.2007,第27卷(第12期),第45-47，49页. |
| 杜怀明等."磷酸预浓缩法"磷铵节能新工艺及关键技术.《现代化工》.2007,第27卷(第12期),第45-47,49页. * |
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