CN101443533A - Method for processing waste gas of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method for processing waste gas of an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101443533A CN101443533A CNA2007800176990A CN200780017699A CN101443533A CN 101443533 A CN101443533 A CN 101443533A CN A2007800176990 A CNA2007800176990 A CN A2007800176990A CN 200780017699 A CN200780017699 A CN 200780017699A CN 101443533 A CN101443533 A CN 101443533A
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- heating element
- sleeve
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- passage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2067—Urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/40—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/11—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance or part of the dosing system being cooled
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device (1) for processing waste gas (2) of an internal combustion engine, comprising at least one supply line (4) for supplying an aqueous solution, a hydrolysis catalyst (5) that is connected to the supply line (4), and a SCR-catalyst (7). The SCR catalyst (7) can be cross-flown by waste gas (2). The invention is characterised in that at least one rod-shaped heating element (9), which can heat at least one of the following components, is provided: a) at least parts of the supply line (4) and b) the hydrolysis catalyst. The inventive device (1) enables a supply line (4) that is heated by the rod-shaped element (9) to be formed in a compact manner, as well as a corresponding hydrolysis catalyst (5) which can evaporate an aqueous solution comprising urea, and subsequently can be hydrolysed to form a gas flow (22) containing ammonia. Said gas flow (22) is used as a reducing agent in the SCR process. The compact arrangement allows installation even with limited available space. Due to the fact that the hydrolysis catalyst (5) is not cross-flown by the waste gas, the volume of said hydrolysis catalyst (5) can be decisively reduced, thereby a clearly smaller mass flow must be hydrolysed to gas.
Description
Technical field
Theme of the present invention is a kind of equipment that is used to handle I. C. engine exhaust, wherein importantly especially by selective catalytic reduction (selective catalytic reduction, SCR) the nitrogen oxide composition in (method) reduction exhaust.The present invention has particularly realized the preparation/supply of reducing agent, and this reducing agent optionally acts on nitrogen oxide, for example is in particular ammonia.
Background technique
Contain the material of not wishing to be discharged in the environment in the I. C. engine exhaust.For example, in many countries, the nitrogen oxide (NOx) that requires to contain in the I. C. engine exhaust can only reach certain limit value.Except in-engine measure---can reduce the discharging of nitrogen oxide by the suitable as far as possible operation point of selecting internal-combustion engine by means of described measure, also take post-processing approach, can further reduce the discharging of nitrogen oxide by means of described method.
A kind of method that further reduces discharged nitrous oxides is so-called selective catalytic reduction (method).By the method, use reducing agent nitrous oxides selectivity reduction to be become the nitrogen (N of molecular state
2).A kind of possible reducing agent is ammonia (NH
3).In this case, ammonia does not store with the form of ammonia usually, but the storage of ammonia precursor, the ammonia precursor can be converted into ammonia as required.Possible ammonia precursor is for example urea ((NH
2)
2CO), aminoquinoxaline, isocyanic acid (HCNO), cyanuric acid etc.Especially, confirmed that urea is easy to store.Urea preferably stores with the form of aqueous solution of urea.Urea, particularly aqueous solution of urea are harmless to the health and are easy to and distribute and store.This urea-hydrogen solution is sold with the title of " Ad Blue ".
Learn a kind of method from DE 199 13 462 A1, wherein the aqueous solution of urea metering is supplied in the local air flow of I. C. engine exhaust in the upstream of hydrolysis catalyst.When work, make hydrolysis of urea and pyrolysis ammonification by meeting with hydrolysis catalyst, described ammonia is used as reducing agent at the SCR catalyst converter/catalytic converter that is arranged in the downstream.The shortcoming of the method for describing in the document is: hydrolysis catalyst is owing to the evaporation of aqueous solution of urea is cooled off.Especially when a large amount of ammonia of needs, the cooling degree in some zones of hydrolysis catalyst may make that hydrolysis reaction no longer carries out or no longer fully carries out in these zones at least.In addition, according to this prior art, exhaust percolation hydrolysis catalyst.Therefore, there is relatively large mass flow, so that the size of hydrolysis catalyst must be designed to is correspondingly bigger.This has increased cost and has needed installing space, can not provide described space usually just in the automobile in modern times.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of equipment based on this, can alleviate known disadvantage of the prior art at least by this equipment.
Above-mentioned purpose realizes by a kind of equipment with feature of independent claims.Favourable improvement project is the theme of each dependent claims.
The equipment that is used to handle I. C. engine exhaust of the present invention comprises that at least one is used to add the interpolation pipeline of the aqueous solution, the hydrolysis catalyst that is connected to described interpolation pipeline and SCR catalyst converter, and wherein said SCR catalyst converter can be by the exhaust percolation.According to the present invention, be provided with at least one shaft-like heating element, can heat in the following member at least one by described shaft-like heating element:
A) at least a portion of described interpolation pipeline, and
B) described hydrolysis catalyst.
Shaft-like heating element be interpreted as particularly a kind of can electrically heated element, wherein thermal conductor is embedded in the corresponding medium.Especially, this medium can be by the sleeve pipe of corresponding thermal conductor from the inboard heating.Preferably, heating core (for example ceramic heating core) can be set in sleeve pipe, this heating core for example comprises the ceramic component that is embedded with thermal conductor.
Hydrolysis catalyst is interpreted as can be by the member of percolation, and this member catalytic reducer precursor generates the hydrolysis of reducing agent.Especially, hydrolysis catalyst is interpreted as such member: it includes catalytic layer, but is generated the hydrolysis of ammonia by urea by this catalysis coating catalysis.Especially, the aqueous solution comprises the reducing agent precursor of at least a reducing agent that uses in the SCR method.Especially, the reducing agent precursor is interpreted as such material: it can be isolated reducing agent or be converted into reducing agent.Preferably, the aqueous solution comprises urea at least.The constouctional material that may have other in the aqueous solution according to the particularly such material of the present invention, can reduce the freezing point/solidifying point of the aqueous solution by means of this material.Especially, described material is formic acid and/or ammonium formate.The connection of adding between pipeline and the hydrolysis catalyst is designed to, and makes the solution that evaporates fully when work enter in the hydrolysis catalyst.
Especially, thereby comprise that according to equipment of the present invention be formed in the exhaust duct can be by the SCR catalyst converter of exhaust percolation, can't help the exhaust percolation and add the outside that pipeline and hydrolysis catalyst be formed on exhaust duct.Therefore can produce such hydrolysis catalyst, the volume of this hydrolysis catalyst reduces with can being compared obviously by traditional hydrolysis catalyst of exhaust percolation.The volume of tradition hydrolysis catalyst is at least 500ml and bigger, and according to the present invention, the volume of hydrolysis catalyst can be less than 100ml.
Especially, work like this: the interpolation pipeline can be heated to form, make and carry out the evaporation of the aqueous solution therein according to equipment of the present invention.At this, such configuration is preferred: wherein the aqueous solution evaporates fully, promptly at least 90 Gewichts-% (weight percentage) of evaporable water solution, preferably at least 95 Gewichts-%, particularly preferably be at least 98 Gewichts-%.At this, heating realizes by shaft-like heating element basically.Equipment of the present invention can be advantageously used in the exhaust of handling fixing and/or mobile internal-combustion, especially for the exhaust of processor motor vehicle (for example particularly automobile, passenger vehicle, load-carrying vehicle, two-wheeled vehicle and/or so-called full landform go-anywhere vehicle), ship and/or aircraft.
According to a kind of favourable mode of execution of present device, the average surface roughness that adds insides of pipes is 8 to 12 microns.
Average surface roughness also is expressed as Rz.Here determine the distance of the measuring point on surface to reference line or reference surface.On five independent measurement traces of equal in length, carry out this measurement.For in the described independent measurement trace each, statistics maximum value and minimum value poor.Average surface roughness is the mean value of these five independent measurements for example.
The average surface roughness of finding 8 to 12 microns is particularly advantageous, thereby because it causes solution to cause good evaporation efficiency with good contact of adding between the tube wall.
According to the another kind of favourable mode of execution of present device, add pipeline and form by the material of thermal conductivity greater than 200W/ (mK) (every meter Kelvin of watt).
This thermal conductivity is favourable, because it helps dynamically/strong (dynamische), rapid evaporation according to the compact structure and the solution of equipment of the present invention.
According to the another kind of favourable mode of execution of present device, add pipeline and form by the material that comprises aluminium.
Find that aluminium is particularly advantageous,, and need not to be provided with extra catalytic activity coating because be formed at the hydrolysis that lip-deep aluminium oxide promotes to be generated by reducing agent precursor (particularly urea) reducing agent (particularly ammonia).This has improved the reducing agent precursor conversion is the efficient of reducing agent, and allows to reduce corresponding hydrolysis catalyst.
According to the another kind of favourable mode of execution of present device, at least one in the following member is designed to around described shaft-like heating element:
A) at least a portion of interpolation pipeline, and
B) hydrolysis catalyst.
At this, especially, add pipeline and can be designed to around described shaft-like heating element.Preferred a kind of mode of execution wherein adds pipe configuration and becomes shape substantially in the shape of a spiral, and the axis of symmetry of spiral and the longitudinal axis of shaft-like heating element form coaxially.Hydrolysis catalyst can be designed to around the form of the honeycomb ceramics of shaft-like heating element, the form of the annular honeycomb body that defines by inside and outside sleeve pipe preferably, hydrolysis catalyst also can comprise directly processes in heating element and/or processing at the passage in the sleeve pipe of heating element.
This configuration of present device allows according to the structure of equipment of the present invention very compact, thereby, even under the situation that very little installing space is only arranged---for example particularly for motor vehicle, also can realize effective evaporation of the aqueous solution, realize the very compact structure of present device simultaneously.
According to the another kind of favourable mode of execution of present device, add pipeline and comprise at least one passage, this passage is formed by the sleeve pipe of heating element at least in part.
At this, especially, sleeve pipe is understood as a kind of sleeve, and it is formed on the outside of the electric thermal conductor of shaft-like heating element.Sleeve pipe can be made by metallic material, stupalith, glassy material or similar material, and described material can bear preferred 400 ℃ and higher, preferred especially 600 ℃ and higher temperature.
According to the another kind of favourable mode of execution of present device, described at least one tunnel-shaped is formed in the sleeve pipe.
Especially, this means in sleeve pipe, to process passage, for example directly (process) by grinding manufacturing method therefor and/or when making corresponding sleeve pipe for example by corresponding extruding.
According to the another kind of favourable mode of execution of present device, described at least one passage is defined by the sleeve pipe of heating element in the inboard, and is defined by the sleeve that forms coaxially with heating element in the outside.
Especially, can be one or more passages at this, described passage distaff shape heating element shape ground substantially in the shape of a spiral forms and/or the ring-shaped section and ring-shaped gap-like, and being defined by sleeve pipe in the inboard of described cross section defined by sleeve in the outside.Also preferred such configuration: the cross section of---particularly described passage---changes wherein to add pipeline.Therefore can for example form the passage of gap-like ringwise, the diameter of this passage along shaft-like heating element monotonously or strictly monotone ground increase.
According to the another kind of favourable mode of execution of present device, sleeve is arranged, at least one thermo-contact at least in part in described sleeve and the following member in the arranged outside of described heating element:
A) at least a portion of interpolation pipeline, and
B) hydrolysis catalyst.
Thus, the sleeve that be formed at the heating element radial outside, preferably also is formed at the radial outside of at least a portion interpolation pipeline and/or at least one passage of adding pipeline and/or hydrolysis catalyst, hydrolysis catalyst can import heat from the outside.Especially, sleeve comprises another thermal conductor and is configured to especially or comprises the ring-type heating element.Thus, can guarantee that the thermal distribution of distaff shape thermal conductor is very even, this has realized evaporation and/or hydrolysis effect very uniformly again.
According to the another kind of favourable mode of execution of present device, sleeve can heat.
For this reason, with shaft-like heating element similarly, sleeve has electric connection especially, can be powered by means of electric connection sleeve and/or shaft-like heating element.This makes and can heat corresponding passage from inboard and the outside.
According to the another kind of favourable mode of execution of present device, hydrolysis catalyst comprises annular honeycomb body, and described annular honeycomb body has between inner sleeve and outer sleeve can be by the passage of fluid percolation.
At this, honeycomb ceramics preferably include at least one to small part form structure, undulatory thin plate particularly, form the hydrolysis passage by this thin plate.Passage has a coating, and this coating catalytic reducer precursor generates the hydrolysis of reducing agent.Such configuration is preferred, and the wherein inner sleeve of hydrolysis catalyst and shaft-like heating element thermo-contact at least is attached thereto and/or is configured to lean against on the shaft-like heating element like the preferred class.Preferably, another heating element is formed at the radial outside of hydrolysis catalyst, can heat be imported to hydrolysis catalyst via outer sleeve by means of this heating element.
According to the another kind of favourable mode of execution of present device, hydrolysis catalyst is formed by at least one hydrolysis passage at least in part, and this hydrolysis passage is formed by the sleeve pipe of heating element at least in part.
At this, with above-mentioned channel types seemingly, described at least one hydrolysis passage can be worked as when realizing adding pipeline in the sleeve pipe of heating element and formed or can for example be defined by the sleeve pipe of heating element in the inboard.At this, particularly at this, such configuration is preferred: wherein passage adds pipeline and the hydrolysis passage can merge each other in other words, particularly comprises identical passage, but the cross section of the percolation of this passage can change in case of necessity, and has the hydrolysis coating at least in regional area.
Preferred a kind of mode of execution, wherein hydrolysis tunnel-shaped is formed in the sleeve pipe.
Especially, at this, around the thermal conductor of shaft-like heating element, be called in the structure of sleeve pipe and for example form passage herein by grinding technique.
According to the another kind of favourable mode of execution of present device, the hydrolysis passage is defined by the sleeve pipe of heating element in the inboard, and is defined by the sleeve that forms coaxially with described heating element in the outside.
Especially, the sleeve that is positioned at the outside also is heatable, make heat from the inboard and the outside enter the hydrolysis passage, thereby can under even temperature is as far as possible regulated, make the reducing agent precursor as far as possible fully be hydrolyzed to reducing agent.Preferred a kind of mode of execution, its middle sleeve and the thermo-contact of hydrolysis passage.
Description of drawings
With reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is carried out more detailed explanation, but the present invention is not limited to described example embodiment and details, wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates the example embodiment of present device;
Fig. 2 illustrates the details of first example embodiment of present device along the longitudinal section;
Fig. 3 illustrates the details of the exploded sectional view of first example embodiment;
Fig. 4 illustrates the details of the exploded view of second example embodiment;
Fig. 5 illustrates the details of second example embodiment along the longitudinal section; And
Fig. 6 illustrates the example embodiment of the hydrolysis catalyst of present device.
Embodiment
The schematically illustrated equipment 1 that is used to handle internal-combustion engine (not shown) exhaust 2 of Fig. 1.Equipment 1 comprises at least one interpolation pipeline 4, and this adds pipeline shown in Figure 2 is the passage 3 of gap-like ringwise.In Fig. 1, for the sake of clarity do not illustrate and add pipeline 4.Add pipeline 4 and be connected to hydrolysis catalyst 5, and be used for adding the aqueous solution to hydrolysis catalyst 5.The aqueous solution is stored in the reservoir 6.The aqueous solution comprises at least a reducing agent precursor, particularly urea.The reducing agent precursor is interpreted as so a kind of material: separablely from this material go out reducing agent or this material and can react and obtain reducing agent.Reducing agent be suitable for nitrogen oxide selective catalytic reduction (selective catalyticreduction, SCR).
Also comprise a SCR catalyst converter 7 according to equipment 1 of the present invention, but this SCR catalyst converter of exhaust 2 percolations.For this reason, SCR catalyst converter 7 is formed in the exhaust duct 8, and hydrolysis catalyst 5 and interpolation pipeline 4 are formed at the outside of exhaust duct 8.In addition, equipment 1 of the present invention comprises at least one shaft-like heating element 9, can heat at least a portion of adding pipeline 4 and/or hydrolysis catalyst 5 by this shaft-like heating element.
Adding pipeline 4 is connected by conveyance conduit 10 each other with reservoir 6.In addition, can be formed with the feedway (not shown), for example pump, particularly metering pump can be transported to the aqueous solution of at least a reducing agent precursor the interpolation pipeline 4 from reservoir 6 by this feedway.
At work, by making aqueous solution evaporate by means of shaft-like heating element 9 in adding pipeline 4 and being hydrolyzed in hydrolysis catalyst 5 subsequently and forming gaseous mixture in equipment 1 of the present invention, this gaseous mixture comprises at least a reducing agent that is used for selective catalyst reduction of nitrogen oxides.This reducing agent is preferably ammonia.This gaseous mixture---particularly owing to the aqueous solution in adding pipeline 4 fully evaporation and subsequently in hydrolysis catalyst 5 hydrolysis form---be fed into open region 11 towards exhaust duct 8.At this, in open region 11, be provided with device 12 in exhaust duct 8, to produce low pressure, this device 12 is forbidden: exhaust 2 enters hydrolysis catalyst 5 and/or adds pipeline 4 from exhaust duct 8 when proper functioning.Device 12 makes and forms a dead zone or dead band in the air-flow, and this dead zone or dead band cause corresponding low pressure in the open region 11.
Fig. 2 is along the details of first example embodiment of the schematically illustrated present device in longitudinal section.Here, be formed with passage 3 conducts of gap-like ringwise and add pipeline 4 on shaft-like heating element 9, this shaft-like heating element is outwards defined by the sleeve pipe 14 of band outer surface 13.But sleeve pipe 14 materials engage a part that is connected to shaft-like heating element 9 (stoffschl ü ssig) or forms shaft-like heating element 9.Therefore, ring passage 3 is defined by outer surface 13 in the inboard.Be formed with sleeve 15 in the outside of shaft-like heating element 9.Therefore, sleeve 15 outwards defines the passage 3 of gap-like ringwise.Sleeve 15 can be heatable, and even temperature distributes thereby can form as far as possible around passage 3.According to a favourable mode of execution, the radius of annular space changes along the length (being the length of shaft-like heating element 9) of sleeve 15.In this case, make the aqueous solution 16 enter in the annular space at the minimum place of diameter, in the zones of different of the passage 3 of gap-like ringwise, be heated, evaporate and overheated and leave the passage 3 of gap-like ringwise as gaseous mixture 19.Then gaseous mixture 19 is imported in the hydrolysis catalyst 5, in hydrolysis catalyst 5, make reducing agent precursor contained in the gaseous mixture be hydrolyzed into reducing agent.In this example embodiment, shaft-like heating element 9 and sleeve 15 have electric connection 17, sleeve and shaft-like heating element 9 can be connected respectively to corresponding power supply by this electric connection.At this, can be in a controlled manner to being formed at thermal conductor 18 power supplies in shaft-like heating element and/or the sleeve 15.
Fig. 3 illustrates this first illustrative embodiments with partial, exploded perspective view.Can also observe the thermal conductor 18 in the sleeve 15 in the figure.
Fig. 4 schematically is shown specifically another example embodiment.Shaft-like heating element 9 is surrounded by a sleeve pipe 14, and this sleeve pipe 14 also can form as one with this shaft-like heating element or material is connected to this shaft-like heating element with engaging.Introduce passage 3 in sleeve pipe 14, this passage 3 is used as the interpolation pipeline 4 of the aqueous solution 16 in first district 20.In first district 20, make aqueous solution evaporate by shaft-like heating element 9, make second district 21 of gaseous mixture percolation passage 3.Second district 21 of passage 3 is provided with one and promotes the coating that hydrolysis---promotes that especially hydrolysis of urea is an ammonia---, thereby as hydrolysis passage 36, in other words as hydrolysis catalyst 5.
The vapor stream 22 of---particularly ammonia---leaves passage 3 after hydrolysis, to contain reducing agent.Sleeve 15 can be slippaged on sleeve pipe 14 as shown in arrow 23ly.Therefore this sleeve 15 itself for example can have corresponding thermal conductor 18, makes that sleeve 15 also is heatable, from the outside and inboard passage 3 is heated.Alternatively or additionally, preferably engaging (particularly by soldering, welding, extruding etc.) by material with after sleeve pipe 14 contacts, sleeve 15 and sleeve pipe 14 thermo-contacts.This can realize by for example flank 24 between passage 3 each circle.Thus, under the enough big situation of the thermal conductivity of flank 24, also can realize heating, and need not forming initiatively heating equipment by sleeve 15.Sleeve 15 has a narrowing portion 25, and this narrowing portion is used to reduce the heat conduction of sleeve 15 between first district 20 and second district 21.Therefore can realize: sleeve 15 forms the part of peculiar regulating loop respectively in each district 20,21, makes hydrolysis catalyst 5 and adds pipeline 3 and can be heated separated from one anotherly.Therewith irrespectively, realized advantageously that shaft-like heating element 9 and/or sleeve 15 have different heating-up zone, thereby can implement heat conduction changeably.Especially, this means preferably and vertically can form such district along shaft-like heating element 9 and/or sleeve 15: it can be applied in different heat conduction (property).Thus, especially, can consider different processes for the evaporation fully of the aqueous solution 16 just.At this, at first the aqueous solution 16 is heated, evaporate then, preferably make the steam superheating of formation then, wherein need the heat difference that imports respectively.This can realize by the different heating-up zone of shaft-like heating element 9 and/or sleeve 15.Especially, the described configuration of shaft-like heating element 9 and/or sleeve 15 is possible also favourable, wherein depends on operating parameter, particularly depends on the amount to be evaporated of the aqueous solution 16, can realize the length change in different heating district at work.
Fig. 5 illustrates another example embodiment along the longitudinal section.For the sake of clarity, only schematically show the part at this.Be provided with different elements around shaft-like heating element 9, this shaft-like heating element is the revolution shape and has electric connection 17 around longitudinal axis 26 basically.Sleeve pipe 14 directly is connected on the shaft-like heating element 9.For example in sleeve pipe 14, process passage 3 by burn into compacting etc.Be designed between each circle of longitudinal axis 26 spiral passages 3, to be provided with flank 24 basically.Sleeve pipe 14 connects (particularly material engage ground connect) to shaft-like heating element 9, with shaft-like heating element 9 thermo-contacts or form one with it.Arranged outside at sleeve pipe 14 has sleeve 15.Sleeve 15 also is provided with electric connection 17, therefore can be used for from outside heat tunnel 3.Having in the arranged outside of sleeve 15 is first thermal insulation barriers 27 of heavy wall thermal insulation barriers, and for example form is a material block.Forbid outside thermal radiation thus.In addition, be formed with second thermal insulation barriers 28, can make by this second thermal insulation barriers passage 3 is connected to the conveyance conduit 10 of reservoir 6 by heat insulation.First thermal insulation barriers 27 and second thermal insulation barriers 28 can form as one.Radial outside at second thermal insulation barriers 28 forms a Peltier element 29.Peltier element is interpreted as particularly a kind of electric member, its electric current by the time produce the temperature difference based on so-called peltier effect.Peltier element 29 preferably includes one or more elements of being made by p type and n type doped semiconductor materials, and described element alternately is connected to each other by conductive material.The symbol of the temperature difference depends on sense of current, therefore can realize cooling and heating by Peltier element 29.
Especially, Peltier element 29 is used to cool off conveyance conduit 10 in this example embodiment, and therefore correspondingly connects by electric connection 17.Preferably, second thermal insulation barriers 28 and Peltier element 29 only are formed at the zone of conveyance conduit 10 and inlet or its thereof and locate with the connection area of passage 3.Passage 3 preferably feeds hydrolysis passage 36.At this, the percolation cross section of passage 3 can be corresponding to the percolation cross section of hydrolysis passage 36.In addition, the cross section of hydrolysis passage 36 can be greater than the cross section of passage 3.With passage 3 similarly, preferably in the sleeve pipe 14 of shaft-like heating element 9, form at least one hydrolysis passage 36.
A kind of example embodiment of the schematically illustrated hydrolysis catalyst 5 of Fig. 6.It comprises the honeycomb ceramics 30 of an annular.This annular honeycomb ceramics 30 is formed to the thin plate 31 that small part forms structure by at least one, for the sake of clarity, only with regional area thin plate 31 is shown.In this example, additionally be provided with roughly level and smooth thin plate 32.But to the thin plate 31 of small part formation structure and the cavity 33 that roughly level and smooth thin plate 32 forms percolation together, this cavity can be by the fluid percolation. Thin plate 31,32 is defined by outer sleeve 34 at its outer periphery place, and peripheral region is defined by inner sleeve 35 within it.Preferably be provided with shaft-like heating element 9 in the inside of inner sleeve 35.At this, inner sleeve 35 can be corresponding to the sleeve pipe 14 of shaft-like heating element 9, and perhaps, thin plate 30,31 can be directly fixed on shaft-like heating element 9 and/or the sleeve pipe 14.Outer sleeve 34 preferably is connected to corresponding sleeve 15, by this sleeve other heat is entered in the honeycomb ceramics 30 of annular.
Allow to form interpolation pipeline 4 and the corresponding hydrolysis catalyst 5 that heats by rod-shaped elements 9 according to equipment 1 of the present invention in the compact structure mode, by means of the air-flow 22 that this hydrolysis catalyst can evaporate the aqueous solution that contains urea and hydrolyzable becomes to contain ammonia subsequently.This air-flow 22 is used as reducing agent in the SCR process.Even compact layout makes and also can install under very limited spatial condition.Because exhaust is percolation hydrolysis catalyst 5 not, the volume of hydrolysis catalyst 5 can reduce significantly, because need the gas material flow of hydrolysis much smaller in this case.
Reference numerals list
1 equipment for the treatment of I. C. engine exhaust
2 exhausts
3 passages
4 add pipeline
5 hydrolysis catalysts
6 reservoirs
7 SCR catalyst converters
8 exhaust ducts
9 shaft-like heating elements
10 conveyance conduits
11 open regions
12 are used to form the device of low pressure
13 outer surfaces
14 sleeve pipes
15 sleeves
16 aqueous solution
17 electric connections
18 thermal conductors
19 gaseous mixtures
20 first districts
21 second districts
22 vapor streams
23 arrows
24 flanks
25 narrowing portions
26 longitudinal axis
27 first thermal insulation barriers
28 second thermal insulation barriers
29 Peltier elements
The honeycomb ceramics of 30 annulars
31 thin plates to small part formation structure
32 roughly level and smooth thin plates
But the cavity of 33 percolations
34 outer sleeves
35 inner sleeves
36 hydrolysis passages
Claims (12)
1. equipment (1) that is used to handle I. C. engine exhaust (2), described equipment comprises that at least one is used to add the interpolation pipeline (4) of the aqueous solution, is connected to the hydrolysis catalyst (5) and the SCR catalyst converter (7) of described interpolation pipeline (4), wherein said SCR catalyst converter (7) can be by exhaust (2) percolation, it is characterized in that, be provided with at least one shaft-like heating element (9), can heat in the following member at least one by described shaft-like heating element:
A) at least a portion of described interpolation pipeline (4), and
B) described hydrolysis catalyst (5).
2. equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the inboard average surface roughness of described interpolation pipeline (4) is 8 to 12 microns.
3. equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described interpolation pipeline (4) is formed by the material of thermal conductivity greater than 200W/ (mK) (every meter Kelvin of watt).
4. as each described equipment in the above-mentioned claim, it is characterized in that described interpolation pipeline (4) is formed by the material that comprises aluminium.
5. as each described equipment in the above-mentioned claim, it is characterized in that at least one in the following member is designed to around described shaft-like heating element (9):
A) at least a portion of described interpolation pipeline (4), and
B) described hydrolysis catalyst (5).
6. as each described equipment in the above-mentioned claim, it is characterized in that described interpolation pipeline (4) comprises at least one passage (3), described passage is formed by the sleeve pipe (14) of described heating element (9) at least in part.
7. equipment as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described at least one passage (3) is formed in the described sleeve pipe (14).
8. as claim 6 or 7 described equipment, it is characterized in that described at least one passage (3) is defined by the sleeve pipe of described heating element (9) (14) in the inboard, and is defined by the sleeve (15) with the coaxial setting of described heating element (9) in the outside.
9. as each described equipment in the above-mentioned claim, it is characterized in that, at the arranged outside sleeve (15) of described heating element (9), at least one thermo-contact at least in part in described sleeve (15) and the following member:
A) at least a portion of described interpolation pipeline (4), and
B) described hydrolysis catalyst (5).
10. equipment as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described sleeve (15) can heat.
11. as each described equipment in the above-mentioned claim, it is characterized in that, described hydrolysis catalyst (5) comprises the honeycomb ceramics (30) of annular, and the honeycomb ceramics of described annular (30) has between inner sleeve (35) and outer sleeve (34) can be for the cavity (33) of fluid percolation.
12. equipment as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, the honeycomb ceramics of described annular (30) is with its inner sleeve (35) and described shaft-like heating element (9) thermo-contact at least in part.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006023148.1 | 2006-05-16 | ||
| DE102006023148A DE102006023148A1 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2006-05-16 | Device for the treatment of exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101443533A true CN101443533A (en) | 2009-05-27 |
Family
ID=38329594
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007800176990A Pending CN101443533A (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-05-16 | Method for processing waste gas of an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090120078A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2018470A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2009537725A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20090027635A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101443533A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102006023148A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2008149238A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW200744742A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007131786A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103189609A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2013-07-03 | 斯堪尼亚商用车有限公司 | Exhaust post-treatment device and method for a vehicle, with a reductant vaporising surface being warmed by a peltier element |
| CN104234796A (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-24 | 佛吉亚排气***有限公司 | Ammonia Storage Cartridge With Optimized Filling Time, in Particular for a Motor Vehicle Gas Exhaust system |
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| DE102007022678A1 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-13 | Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh | Ammonia based exhaust gas re-treatment unit feeds gaseous ammonia directly into exhaust gas flow of internal combustion, preferably diesel, engine; exhaust gas flows through exhaust tract free of urea-water vapor and urea-water solution |
| EP2146791B1 (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2018-06-13 | Continental Automotive GmbH | Evaporator for mobile anhydrous ammonia production, and method for manufacturing such an evaporator |
| JP5336519B2 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2013-11-06 | エミテック ゲゼルシヤフト フユア エミツシオンステクノロギー ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | Evaporator for producing gaseous ammonia |
| WO2009106609A1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-03 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Evaporation unit for producing a gas comprising at least one reduction agent precursor and/or a reduction agent |
| DE202008003270U1 (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2009-10-01 | Rehau Ag + Co | Assembly for receiving and heating a urea-water solution |
| DE102008051168A1 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-15 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Method for operating an evaporation unit for generating gaseous ammonia |
| DE102009000097A1 (en) | 2009-01-09 | 2010-07-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Conveyor for an SCR system |
| DE102009025135A1 (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-23 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Device for evaporating a urea-water solution |
| EP2687695B1 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2018-01-03 | Hino Motors Ltd. | Urea solution reformer and exhaust gas purifier |
| EP2975233B1 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2018-06-06 | Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation and Research | Ammonia precursor generating system for use in a vehicle |
| DE202016002697U1 (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-07-28 | Tropinon Enterprises Ltd. | Device for the hydrolytic production of ammonia |
| US11885251B2 (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2024-01-30 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Selective catalytic reduction catalyst pre-heating burner assembly and method of controlling burner emissions |
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| DE4038054A1 (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-06-04 | Man Technologie Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SELECTIVE CATALYTIC NO (DOWN ARROW) X (DOWN ARROW) REDUCTION IN OXYGEN-BASED EXHAUST GASES |
| DE19913462A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-09-28 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Urea hydrolysis to generate ammonia for reducing nitrogen oxides in an exhaust gas catalytic converter comprises reacting urea with a side stream of exhaust gas |
| DE19919472C2 (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2001-04-19 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Device and method for the detection of ammonia |
| US7615200B2 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2009-11-10 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Selective catalytic reduction of NOx enabled by urea decomposition in heat-exchanger bypass |
| JP4131784B2 (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2008-08-13 | 日産ディーゼル工業株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine |
| US6601385B2 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-08-05 | Fleetguard, Inc. | Impactor for selective catalytic reduction system |
| DE20119514U1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2002-02-28 | Purem Abgassysteme Gmbh & Co | Reduktionsmitteldosiereinrichtung |
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| AU2003272522A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-04-30 | The Ohio State University | Liquid atomization system for automotive applications |
| DE10342003A1 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus for processing a reducing agent precursor solution for exhaust aftertreatment |
| DE102004004738A1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for the after-treatment of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine |
| DE102004031624A1 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-02-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a catalyst used for cleaning the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and apparatus for carrying out the method |
| DE102004042225B4 (en) * | 2004-09-01 | 2017-08-31 | MAN Truck & Bus Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus and method for producing ammonia from solid urea pellets |
| WO2006025110A1 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-03-09 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co., Ltd. | Exhaust gas purifier |
| DE102004048075A1 (en) * | 2004-10-02 | 2006-04-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Dosing system for pollutant reduction in automotive exhaust gases |
-
2006
- 2006-05-16 DE DE102006023148A patent/DE102006023148A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-04-23 TW TW096114230A patent/TW200744742A/en unknown
- 2007-05-16 JP JP2009510348A patent/JP2009537725A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-05-16 CN CNA2007800176990A patent/CN101443533A/en active Pending
- 2007-05-16 KR KR1020087030484A patent/KR20090027635A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-05-16 RU RU2008149238/06A patent/RU2008149238A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-05-16 WO PCT/EP2007/004360 patent/WO2007131786A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-05-16 EP EP07725276A patent/EP2018470A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-11-17 US US12/272,343 patent/US20090120078A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103189609A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2013-07-03 | 斯堪尼亚商用车有限公司 | Exhaust post-treatment device and method for a vehicle, with a reductant vaporising surface being warmed by a peltier element |
| CN103189609B (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2015-07-15 | 斯堪尼亚商用车有限公司 | Exhaust post-treatment device and method for a vehicle, with a reductant vaporising surface being warmed by a peltier element |
| CN104234796A (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-24 | 佛吉亚排气***有限公司 | Ammonia Storage Cartridge With Optimized Filling Time, in Particular for a Motor Vehicle Gas Exhaust system |
| CN104234796B (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2017-12-01 | 佛吉亚排气***有限公司 | Particularly for the ammonia storage barrel of the filling time with optimization of motor vehicle exhaust system |
| DE102014108038B4 (en) | 2013-06-11 | 2019-05-09 | Faurecia Systemes D'echappement | Cartridge for storing ammonia with optimized filling time, in particular for an exhaust system of a motor vehicle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2009537725A (en) | 2009-10-29 |
| TW200744742A (en) | 2007-12-16 |
| WO2007131786A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| KR20090027635A (en) | 2009-03-17 |
| EP2018470A1 (en) | 2009-01-28 |
| RU2008149238A (en) | 2010-07-27 |
| DE102006023148A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| US20090120078A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
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Open date: 20090527 |