CN101443264A - 无纺布、植绒无纺布以及含有织物的制品 - Google Patents

无纺布、植绒无纺布以及含有织物的制品 Download PDF

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CN101443264A
CN101443264A CNA2007800169291A CN200780016929A CN101443264A CN 101443264 A CN101443264 A CN 101443264A CN A2007800169291 A CNA2007800169291 A CN A2007800169291A CN 200780016929 A CN200780016929 A CN 200780016929A CN 101443264 A CN101443264 A CN 101443264A
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nonwoven fabrics
binder fiber
melt temperature
fiber
thermoplastic fibre
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J·迪日科马
E·J·菲斯海尔
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Freudenberg Performance Materials BV
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Colbond BV
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    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1615—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of natural origin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
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    • B43K8/02—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls with writing-points comprising fibres, felt, or similar porous or capillary material
    • B43K8/04—Arrangements for feeding ink to writing-points
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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Abstract

本文公开了一种无纺布，该无纺布含有具有熔点Tm(th)的热塑性纤维、具有熔点Tm(1)的粘合纤维1以及具有熔点Tm(2)的粘合纤维2，并且Tm(th)、Tm(1)和Tm(2)符合如下条件：Tm(th)＞Tm(1)＞Tm(2)，以及含有以固化熔体的形式存在粘合纤维的无纺布。另外还公开了一种属于上述种类的植绒无纺布，其含有植绒纱线。最后，公开了含有无纺布和/或植绒无纺布的制品。

Description

无纺布、植绒无纺布以及含有织物的制品
本发明涉及一种无纺布(nonwoven)、一种植绒无纺布(tufted nonwoven)以及含有其的物件。
WO 00/12800中公开了一种无纺布基础地毯衬垫，其含有通过粘合聚合物粘结的热的塑性聚合物单丝或纤维，由此该地毯衬垫含有至少一种可辨别的热塑性纺织层，一种可辨别的热塑性连续层，或者一种同样含有通过粘合聚合物粘结的单丝或纤维的可辨别的无纺布层。如果对该无纺布地毯衬垫植绒，可观察到增加的缝编保持(stitch holding)性能，尽管伴随着剥离强度的减小。
因此本发明的目的在于提供一种无纺布，在植绒后，获得的植绒无纺布具有更好的缝编保持性能而没有减小的剥离强度。
该目的一方面通过如下的无纺布获得，即其含有熔融温度为Tm(th)的热塑性纤维、熔融温度为Tm(1)的粘合纤维1以及熔融温度为Tm(2)的粘合纤维2，Tm(th)、Tm(1)和Tm(2)符合Tm(th)>Tm(1)>Tm(2)的条件，同时无纺布中含有的粘合纤维以固化熔体的形式存在。
本发明中的无纺布在很高的程度上保持了结构的完整性，这是由于粘合纤维的固化熔体粘结了热塑性纤维，因此使无纺布的结构稳定。此外，由于本发明的无纺布不是层压物，因此本发明的无纺布不存在剥离问题。
在本发明中，术语“无纺布”具有本领域技术人员所熟知的定义。例如由在Joachim Lunenshlob和Wilhelm Albrecht’s“Vliesstoffe”(无纺布)，Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York(1982)，Chapter 2.1.1.1-2中描述的单丝制成的纺丝纤维无纺布(spun-fiber nonwoven)以及纺粘织物(sponbonded fibric)。
在本发明中，术语“热塑性纤维”按照其最广义的范围来理解，并且由此包括热塑性单丝和复丝或切短纤维，只要它们的熔融温度Tm(th)满足Tm(th)>Tm(1)>Tm(2)。毋庸置疑热塑性纤维还需满足那些特定规格，就强度、断裂伸长、模量、成型性、尺寸稳定性以及其他而言，这是制造无纺布所需要的。此外，用于本发明的热塑性纤维可含有纺丝剂、填料、阻燃剂、紫外线抑制剂、结晶剂、增塑剂、促进剂/抑制剂、热稳定剂、抗菌添加剂或上述物质的组合，加入的量使得上述关于热塑性纤维的规格仍能达到。
在一个优选实施方式中，本发明中的无纺布含有热塑性纤维，该热塑性纤维含有热塑性聚合物，其选自由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲基丁二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚苯硫醚、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚吖丙啶、聚乳酸和多聚甲醛组成的组。
在本发明中，术语“粘合纤维”被定义为这样的纤维，其制成本发明的无纺布，可以形成使本发明中无纺布的热塑性纤维粘结的固化熔体。从而稳定无纺布的结构。因此，在本发明中，任何满足上述条件的纤维类型都可以作为粘合纤维，其中具有较高熔融温度的粘合纤维1的熔融温度要低于热塑性纤维的熔融温度。上述纤维可以选自多种类型的物质，只要它们满足了上述条件。粘合纤维通常为含有有机聚合物，例如热塑性塑料、弹性体或热塑性弹性体的合成纤维。粘合纤维可以具有生物降解性。
在一个优选实施方式中，本发明中的无纺布含有粘合纤维1，其含有一种热塑性聚合物，其选自由聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚乙烯或上述物质的共聚物、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚乳酸、脂肪族聚酯、共聚酰胺和共聚酯组成的组。
在另一个优选实施方式中，本发明中的无纺布含有粘合纤维2，其含有一种热塑性聚合物，其选自由聚丙烯、聚乙烯或上述的共聚物、聚乳酸、聚氯乙烯、共聚酰胺和共聚酯组成的组。
在本发明中，术语“固化熔体”意味着本发明中的无纺布含有固体形态的粘合纤维1和2，其通过一下步骤获得：将含有热塑性纤维、粘合纤维1和粘合纤维2的无定向层(random laid layer)加热到使制造无纺布的温度Tv达到Tm(th)>Tv>Tm(2)的条件，之后经过将上述加热的无定向层冷却至形成粘合纤维2的聚合物固化。
在本发明无纺布的另一个优选实施方式中，粘合纤维1的熔融温度，Tm(1)，高于粘合纤维2的熔融温度，Tm(2)，最少5℃，更为优选最少10℃，特别地优选最少20℃。
对于本发明的无纺布，热塑性纤维的熔融温度，Tm(th)，进一步优选高于粘合纤维1的熔融温度Tm(1)至少20℃。
在本发明的无纺布的一个优选实施方式中，热塑性纤维含有熔融温度Tm(th)＝250℃的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和熔融温度Tm(1)＝220℃的聚酰胺6。
在本发明的无纺布的一个特别优选实施方式中，热塑性纤维含有熔融温度Tm(th)＝250℃的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，粘合纤维1含有熔融温度Tm(1)＝220℃的聚酰胺6，粘合纤维2含有熔融温度Tm(2)＝160℃的聚丙烯。
在本发明的无纺布中，热塑性纤维w(th)，粘合纤维1w(1)和粘合纤维2w(2)之间的重量比可以在较宽的范围内调整，根据目标应用条件，粘合纤维1和2的重量比更高，对无纺布结构完整性的要求更高。w(th):w(1):w(2)优选的重量比例在90:5:5到40:30:30重量％的范围内，特别优选在80:10:10到60:20:20重量％的范围内。
为制造本发明中的无纺布，通过本领域技术人员所熟悉的任意一种方法将热塑性纤维、粘合纤维1和粘合纤维2混合来制造无定向层，其中所选用的混合方法要能够保证将热塑性纤维和粘合纤维1、2均匀混合在无定向层中。术语“均匀混合”意味在无定向层的每个体积单元内w(th):w(1):w(2)的比例都大致相同。混合方法优选由在筒子架(spool creel)中组合或混合或者从一个3元喷丝组件(3-component spool creel)中纺丝组成。
可通过用于这一目的的任何已知方法来制造无定向层，例如，在与W.R.C Publishing Co.，Publishing Co.Atlanta，United States关联的Textile Trade Press，Manchester，England出版的Manual ofNonwoven(1971)Chapter 10.1中描述的方法。
将无定向层加热至无纺布的制造温度TV，其满足Tm(th)>Tv>Tm(1)的条件，之后将无定向层冷却至形成粘合纤维2的聚合物固化，即可获得本发明的无纺布。Tv在任意放置层上的作用时间通过如下方式选择，该时间保证足够量的粘合纤维1和2可以融化，其在冷却后固化熔体可以热塑性纤维粘合。
本发明的潜在目标进一步通过植绒无纺布获得，该无纺布含有具有熔融温度Tm(th)的热塑性纤维，具有熔融温度Tm(1)的粘合纤维1和具有熔融温度Tm(2)的粘合纤维2，Tm(th)、Tm(1)和Tm(2)适用Tm(th)>Tm(1)>Tm(2)的条件，其中无纺布含有的粘合纤维为固化熔体，如果需要，植绒无纺布含有通过粘合纤维2的固化熔体与热塑性纤维粘结的植绒纤维。
对于术语“无纺布”、“热塑性纤维”、“粘合纤维1和2”、“固化熔体”以及它们的优选实施方式，本发明中的无纺布说明中的定义类似适用。
在本发明中，术语“植绒纤维”通常包括所有可用作植绒的纤维，只要这些纤维的熔融或分解温度高于下文中定义的Tt。
为制备本发明中的植绒无纺布，可通过本领域技术人员熟知的方法来为本发明中的无纺布植绒。之后将植绒无纺布加热至温度Tt，其满足Tm(1)>Tt>Tm(2)的条件，这样可以使形成粘合纤维2的材料融化。在冷却至形成粘合纤维2的聚合物固化后，得到固化的粘合纤维2的熔体，其将植绒纤维粘结在热塑性纤维上。
在本发明的植绒无纺布的优选实施方式中，植绒纤维包括一种材料，其选自由聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、羊毛和棉组成的组中。
本发明的植绒无纺布显示了很好的缝编保持能力。特别是当植绒纤维通过粘合纤维2的固化熔体粘结在热塑性纤维上时，尤为正确。
对于许多含有本发明的无纺布的物件，本发明的无纺布具有高尺寸稳定性和结构完整性优点明显，对于那些上述物性十分重要的物件也是如此。
这包括了含有本发明的无纺布的应用于工业或医学用途的过滤器。上述过滤器也构成了本发明的一部分，同时可设计为工业使用，例如，灰尘、煤灰、花粉或气体过滤器，或者为医学使用，例如，细菌或病毒过滤器，或者换热和换湿的过滤器。在最后一个实施方式中，本发明中的过滤器吸收了患者呼出空气中的热和湿气。对于本发明中过滤器的这个实施方式，合适的热塑性纤维和粘合纤维是那些具有低热传导性和高亲水性的，比如聚酰胺纤维。
更进一步，用于将亲水性液体从憎水液体中分离出来的凝聚过滤器(coalescence filter)，其中凝聚过滤器含有本发明中的无纺布，也组成了本发明的一部分。该种类型的过滤器可以例如，从航空汽油中去除水。无纺布中的热塑性纤维和粘合纤维愈亲水，分离就会愈成功，这是由于纤维的水结合力随着亲水性增加而增加。
更进一步，含有本发明中的无纺布并且用作用于在标记和书写工具中传送墨水的墨水储存物的芯，用于医学用途或者保存或传送液体的其他产品也构成了本发明的一部分。具有高表面能的热塑性纤维和粘合纤维特别适用于作为芯，这是由于上述表面能可以使纤维吸收所需的量的液体。对于该种实施方式，由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制成的纤维比其他材料，例如聚烯烃，制成的纤维更加合适。
对于许多含有本发明中的植绒无纺布的物件，具有高尺寸稳定性、结构完整性和缝编保持能力的本发明中的植绒无纺布优点明显，对于那些上述性能的组合特别重要的物件也是如此。
这包括了用于家纺、枕头、靠垫、汽车、火车或飞机用织物的植绒地毯，以及外部应用比如人造草皮或台面(playing surface)，其中的植绒地毯含有本发明中的植绒无纺布。该种类型的地毯及其类似物构成了本发明的一部分。
最后，含有本发明中的植绒无纺布的模压地毯(molded carpet)构成了本发明的一部分。

Claims (15)

1.一种无纺布，其含有具有熔融温度Tm(th)的热塑性纤维、具有熔融温度Tm(1)的粘合纤维1以及具有熔融温度Tm(2)的粘合纤维2，其中Tm(th)、Tm(1)和Tm(2)符合Tm(th)>Tm(1)>Tm(2)的条件，并且其中无纺布含有作为固化熔体的粘合纤维。
2.根据权利要求1的无纺布，其特征在于热塑性纤维含有选自由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚苯硫醚、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚吖丙啶、聚乳酸和多聚甲醛组成的组的热塑性聚合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2的无纺布，其特征在于粘合纤维1含有选自由聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚乙烯或其共聚物、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚乳酸、脂肪族聚酯、共聚酰胺和共聚酯组成的组的热塑性聚合物。
4.根据权利要求1-3中一项或多项的无纺布，其特征在于粘合纤维2含有选自由聚丙烯、聚乙烯或其共聚物、聚乳酸、聚氯乙烯、共聚酰胺和共聚酯组成的组的热塑性聚合物。
5.根据权利要求1-4中一项或多项的无纺布，其特征在于粘合纤维1的熔融温度Tm(1)高于粘合纤维2的熔融温度Tm(2)至少5℃。
6.根据权利要求1-5中一项或多项的无纺布，其特征在于热塑性纤维的熔融温度Tm(th)高于粘合纤维1的熔融温度Tm(1)至少20℃。
7.根据权利要求1-6中一项或多项所述的无纺布，其特征在于热塑性纤维含有熔融温度Tm(th)＝250℃的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，并且粘合纤维1含有熔融温度Tm(1)＝220℃的聚酰胺6。
8.根据权利要求7的无纺布，其特征在于热塑性纤维含有熔融温度Tm(th)＝250℃的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，粘合纤维1含有熔融温度Tm(1)＝220℃的聚酰胺6，并且粘合纤维2含有熔融温度Tm(2)＝160℃的聚丙烯。
9.一种植绒无纺布，其含有具有熔融温度为Tm(th)的热塑性纤维、具有熔融温度Tm(1)的粘合纤维1以及具有熔融温度Tm(2)的粘合纤维2，其中Tm(th)、Tm(1)和Tm(2)符合Tm(th)>Tm(1)>Tm(2)的条件，并且，如果需要，该植绒无纺布含有通过粘合纤维2的固化熔体粘结在热塑性纤维上的植绒纤维。
10.根据权利要求9的植绒无纺布，其特征在于植绒纤维含有选自由聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、羊毛和棉组成的组的材料。
11.一种过滤器，其用于工业或医学用途，其含有权利要求1-8中一项或多项的无纺布。
12.一种凝聚过滤器，用于将亲水液体从憎水液体分离出来，其含有权利要求1-8中一项或多项的无纺布。
13.一种芯，用作用于在标记和书写工具中传送墨水的墨水储存物，用于医学用途，或者用于保存或传送液体的其他产品，其含有如权利要求1-8中一项或多项的无纺布。
14.一种植绒地毯，用于家纺、枕头、靠垫、汽车、火车或飞机用织物，以及外部应用比如人造草皮或台面，该植绒地毯含有权利要求9或10的植绒无纺布。
15.一种模压地毯，其含有权利要求9或10的植绒无纺布。
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JP2009536269A (ja) 2009-10-08
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US9108839B2 (en) 2015-08-18
DE202006007567U1 (de) 2006-07-27
KR20090009313A (ko) 2009-01-22
KR101403299B1 (ko) 2014-06-05
EP2018346B1 (de) 2018-07-11
US20090152191A1 (en) 2009-06-18
JP5562027B2 (ja) 2014-07-30
AU2007247447A1 (en) 2007-11-15

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