CN101441938A - Electrochemical capacitor suitable for great current charging/discharging work condition - Google Patents
Electrochemical capacitor suitable for great current charging/discharging work condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN101441938A CN101441938A CNA2008102361969A CN200810236196A CN101441938A CN 101441938 A CN101441938 A CN 101441938A CN A2008102361969 A CNA2008102361969 A CN A2008102361969A CN 200810236196 A CN200810236196 A CN 200810236196A CN 101441938 A CN101441938 A CN 101441938A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 15
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910020639 Co-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910020675 Co—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- GKKCIDNWFBPDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium cyanate Chemical compound [K]OC#N GKKCIDNWFBPDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- BYGOPQKDHGXNCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium;iron(3+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] BYGOPQKDHGXNCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010351 charge transfer process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108091006149 Electron carriers Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A electrochemical capacitor applied in large current charge/discharge working condition which belongs to the technical field of electrochemical capacitor, wherein positive material uses double hydroxide with typical hydrotalcite layered structure, negative material uses carbon material, electrolyte uses water system strong alkali solution and characterized in electrolyte added with oxidation-reduction pair with good electrochemical reversibility, or its single Oxidation state, or its single reduction state. The capacitor under large current working condition has good capacitance performance, is particularly applicable for occasions that have special requirement to quick start/brake under heavy load.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrochemical capacitor that is applicable to big electric current charge/discharge condition of work, belong to the electrochemical capacitor technical field.
Background technology
Electrochemical capacitor is a kind of novel energy-storing device, and its dielectric capacitor more traditional than capacity ratio is high.Compare with traditional battery system, have the high advantage of power density, and the speed that discharges and recharges is fast, environmentally friendly, (generally can charge and discharge several thousand and even up to ten thousand inferior) has extended cycle life.Thereby have potential application prospect in a lot of fields, be particluarly suitable for the occasion of the very big electric current of output in the utmost point short time, as the quick startup of vehicle, aircraft, the igniting of military weapon etc.; Simultaneously can utilize its good invertibity with store energy, as the energy storage when being used for automobile, train brake.At present, especially good and other power supply system coupling is used for the exploitation of fuel cell system and electric automobile as accessory power supply.
Have or not the principle of charge transfer to divide in the store charge process during according to work, electrochemical capacitor can be divided into two big classes: a kind of double electric layer capacitor that is called, the accumulation of electric charge (electronics, ion) only takes place at the electrode/electrolyte interface when storage/release electric charge, does not have the charge transfer process; Another kind is called the Faraday pseudo-capacitance device, is characterized in carrying out on the electrode/electrolyte interface also being attended by charge transfer in the electric charge accumulation, and faraday's electrochemical process promptly takes place.This special phenomena is because its electrode material special, and generally these electrode materials itself just redox reaction can take place, i.e. electron exchange, or the suction/desorption of special electrolyte ion is arranged on the electrode.
Raw material of wood-charcoal material and hydration ruthenic oxide are respectively the representative electrode materials of double electric layer capacitor and Faraday pseudo-capacitance device, their capacitive characteristics is similar, be symmetrical mirror image as anodic process in the cyclic voltammetry curve and cathodic process, the constant current charge-discharge curve is symmetrical triangular shape (current-voltage is a linear relationship).Showing this particular performances is owing to the raw material of wood-charcoal material or the hydration ruthenic oxide all is the good electron conductor.But these two kinds of materials are each defectiveness also, has limited its practical application: the ratio electric capacity of raw material of wood-charcoal material is relatively low, and Charge Storage mechanism is electric double layer capacitance.Increase it than electric capacity, can only enlarge its specific area, yet a kind of specific area of material can not infinitely enlarge.Then cost is very high to use ruthenic oxide, and the long-term back of using is harmful to environment.Therefore, many other materials such as NiO, Co
3O
4, MnO
2Studied in succession, developed Deng transition metal oxide, attempted substitution material as raw material of wood-charcoal material and ruthenic oxide.But, these materials are semiconductor often, the excellent conducting performance that does not have charcoal or ruthenic oxide, it is poorer especially to carry out under the extreme workplace of big electric current charge/discharge performance at needs, causes the exploitation of these materials and practical application to also have one section sizable distance.In order to improve electric conductivity, often adopt the method for in electrode material admixture conductive agent such as acetylene black, the way that also useful raw material of wood-charcoal material coats electrode material.But yet there are no report for the way of improving electrolyte solution, except adopting ionic liquid or organic solvent electrolyte in some documents as electrochemical capacitor.The present invention sets forth by adding the good oxidation-reduction pair of electrochemical reversibility to electrolyte solution from a brand-new angle, can change the load transfer mechanism on the electrode/electrolyte interface, increase substantially the ratio electric capacity of electrochemical capacitor, adapt to the job requirement of big electric current charge/discharge.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrochemical capacitor than electric capacity height, adapt to the electrochemical capacitor of big electric current charge/discharge job requirement.
The above-mentioned electrochemical capacitor that is applicable to big electric current charge/discharge condition of work, wherein positive electrode uses the double-metal hydroxide with hydrotalcite typical layered structure, negative material uses the raw material of wood-charcoal material, electrolyte uses the water system strong alkali solution, it is characterized in that: adding has the reversible oxidation-reduction pair of good electrical chemistry in the electrolyte, or its independent oxidation state form, or its independent ortho states form of going back.
Above-mentioned oxidation-reduction pair can be the complex ion-conductance to or the simple ion electricity right.Wherein said complex ion-conductance is to comprising: Fe (CN)
6 3-/ Fe (CN)
6 4-, Co (CN)
6 3-/ Co (CN)
6 4-, Ru (CN)
6 3-/ Ru (CN)
6 4-
The above-mentioned hydroxide that contains two kinds of metallic elements with hydrotalcite structure can be selected from the hydroxide that contains a kind of divalent metal and a kind of trivalent metal, divalent metal can be that Cd, Co, Ni, Mn, Fe or other have the transition metal of variable valency, and trivalent metal can be Al, Fe, Mn, Co, V, Cr, Ga, In, Ti, Ni or other trivalent metallic element.
The material that above-mentioned negative pole uses can be that one or more mixing in active carbon, carbon fiber, charcoal felt, charcoal cloth, carbon nano-tube, the mesoporous charcoal etc. are used.
Above-mentioned electrolyte is the aqueous solution of LiOH, NaOH, KOH or other inorganic strong alkali.
Principle of the present invention is explained as follows: all have redox reaction to take place in traditional battery system and Faraday pseudo-capacitance device, but the two has the difference of essence.In general battery system (except the lithium ion battery), the electromotive force of battery (or voltage) generally remains unchanged, and finishes up to all reactant consumption, and promptly electrochemical reaction can proceed to body interior from electrode material surface always.Quite different in the Faraday pseudo-capacitance device.This is that redox reaction can not deeply be carried out, and can only occur in electrode material surface or its shallow-layer because electrochemical capacitor self has current-voltage response characteristic fast.This is with regard to the condition of providing convenience for the capacitive property that improves electrochemistry fake capacitance device: only need to improve at the electrode/electrolyte interface speed of charge transfer, just can improve the performance of electrochemical reaction, satisfy the job requirement of big electric current charge/discharge.
In the present invention, in order to improve the performance of electrochemical reaction, satisfy the job requirement of big electric current charge/discharge, concrete enforcement is to add the good oxidation-reduction pair of electrochemical reversible performance in the inorganic alkaline electrolyte solution.Detailed process is described below:
If O
1, O
2Be respectively the oxidation state form of electrode active material and oxidation-reduction pair, R
1, R
2It is respectively the ortho states form of going back of electrode active material and oxidation-reduction pair.
In the discharge process of electrode active material, following reduction reaction takes place in electrode active material:
O
1+me
-→R
1
Simultaneously, in the oxidation reaction of electrode/electrolyte near interface generation oxidation-reduction pair, for essential electronics is in time sent in last reaction here:
R
2→O
2+ne
-
Opposite reaction then takes place in charging process, the electronics that generates when in time taking away the electrode active material charging by oxidation-reduction pair.Promptly the oxidation-reduction pair of Tian Jiaing serves as the effect of electron carrier in the charge and discharge process of electrode active material, has accelerated the charge transfer speed of electrode active material.
The present invention sets forth by adding the good oxidation-reduction pair of electrochemical reversibility to electrolyte solution from a brand-new angle, can change the load transfer mechanism on the electrode/electrolyte interface, increase substantially the ratio electric capacity of electrochemical capacitor, adapt to the job requirement of big electric current charge/discharge.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the AC impedance of adding 0.05M potassium ferricyanate and 0.05M ferrous potassium cyanate front and back cobalt aluminium double-hydroxide electrode in 1M KOH solution compares (0.5V vs.SCE).
Embodiment
Following with the electrode active material of cobalt Al bimetal hydroxide (Co-Al LDH) as electrochemical capacitor, potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous solution is as electrolyte, potassium ferricyanate (K
3Fe (CN)
6) and ferrous potassium cyanate (K
4Fe (CN)
6) as oxidation-reduction pair, provide following instantiation.
[example 1]
Mass ratio with 80:10:10 takes by weighing Co-Al LDH, acetylene black and Kynoar (PVDF), laminates, as the research electrode.Electro-chemical test adopts single chamber not have the barrier film three-electrode system, and wherein platinized platinum is made auxiliary electrode, and saturated calomel electrode is as reference electrode.The 1MKOH aqueous solution is as electrolyte.Charging and discharging currents density is 2A/g, and potential region is-0.1V to 0.5V (vs.SCE).
[example 2]
Mass ratio with 80:10:10 takes by weighing Co-Al LDH, acetylene black and Kynoar (PVDF), laminates, as the research electrode.Electro-chemical test adopts single chamber not have the barrier film three-electrode system, and wherein platinized platinum is made auxiliary electrode, and saturated calomel electrode is as reference electrode.The 1MKOH aqueous solution wherein adds K as electrolyte
3Fe (CN)
6, making its concentration is 0.1M.Charging and discharging currents density is 2A/g, and potential region is-0.1V to 0.5V (vs.SCE).
[example 3]
Mass ratio with 80:10:10 takes by weighing Co-Al LDH, acetylene black and Kynoar (PVDF), laminates, as the research electrode.Electro-chemical test adopts single chamber not have the barrier film three-electrode system, and wherein platinized platinum is made auxiliary electrode, and saturated calomel electrode is as reference electrode.The 1MKOH aqueous solution wherein adds K as electrolyte
4Fe (CN)
6, making its concentration is 0.1M.Charging and discharging currents density is 2A/g, and potential region is-0.1V to 0.5V (vs.SCE).
[example 4]
Mass ratio with 80:10:10 takes by weighing Co-Al LDH, acetylene black and Kynoar (PVDF), laminates, as the research electrode.Electro-chemical test adopts single chamber not have the barrier film three-electrode system, and wherein platinized platinum is made auxiliary electrode, and saturated calomel electrode is as reference electrode.The 1MKOH aqueous solution adds K simultaneously as electrolyte
3Fe (CN)
6And K
4Fe (CN)
6, make its concentration be 0.05M.Charging and discharging currents density is 2A/g, and potential region is-0.1V to 0.5V (vs.SCE).
The quality of cobalt aluminium double-hydroxide electrode than capacity ratio in table 1 example 1,2,3,4
Fig. 1 is that the AC impedance of adding 0.05M potassium ferricyanate and 0.05M ferrous potassium cyanate front and back cobalt aluminium double-hydroxide electrode in 1M KOH solution compares (0.5V vs.SCE).The semicircle that occurs at high-frequency region among the figure is corresponding to the charge transfer process of cobalt aluminium double-hydroxide electrode generation electrochemical redox reaction, and the diameter of semicircle is a charge-transfer resistance.In 1MKOH solution, add 0.05M potassium ferricyanate (K
3Fe (CN)
6) and 0.05M ferrous potassium cyanate (K
4Fe (CN)
6) after, charge-transfer resistance reduces, and shows that the resistance that this electrochemical reaction takes place reduces, i.e. and electron transport speed improves.This phenomenon is indicating that the capacitive property of cobalt aluminium double-hydroxide electrode will improve.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of electrochemical capacitor that is applicable to big electric current charge/discharge condition of work, wherein positive electrode uses the double-metal hydroxide with hydrotalcite typical layered structure, negative material uses the raw material of wood-charcoal material, electrolyte uses the water system strong alkali solution, it is characterized in that: adding has the reversible oxidation-reduction pair of good electrical chemistry in the electrolyte, or its independent oxidation state form, or its independent ortho states form of going back.
2, according to the right 1 described electrochemical capacitor that is applicable to big electric current charge/discharge condition of work, it is characterized in that: described oxidation-reduction pair be the complex ion-conductance to or the simple ion electricity right.
3, according to the right 2 described electrochemical capacitors that are applicable to big electric current charge/discharge condition of work, it is characterized in that: described complex ion-conductance is to comprising: Fe (CN)
6 3-/ Fe (CN)
6 4-, Co (CN)
6 3-/ Co (CN)
6 4-, Ru (CN)
6 3-/ Ru (CN)
6 4-
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008102361969A CN101441938A (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2008-11-26 | Electrochemical capacitor suitable for great current charging/discharging work condition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008102361969A CN101441938A (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2008-11-26 | Electrochemical capacitor suitable for great current charging/discharging work condition |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101441938A true CN101441938A (en) | 2009-05-27 |
Family
ID=40726315
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008102361969A Pending CN101441938A (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2008-11-26 | Electrochemical capacitor suitable for great current charging/discharging work condition |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102280266A (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2011-12-14 | 大连交通大学 | Super capacitor with superposed liquid-flow pseudocapacitance |
| CN102760577A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-10-31 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Double-electric layer capacitor electrolyte and double-electric layer capacitor using same |
| CN104882291A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-09-02 | 西北师范大学 | Super capacitor electrode material, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN107300819A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2017-10-27 | Sage电致变色显示有限公司 | Simultaneously doped with lithium and the electrochromic nickel oxide of metalic contamination |
-
2008
- 2008-11-26 CN CNA2008102361969A patent/CN101441938A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102760577A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-10-31 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Double-electric layer capacitor electrolyte and double-electric layer capacitor using same |
| CN102280266A (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2011-12-14 | 大连交通大学 | Super capacitor with superposed liquid-flow pseudocapacitance |
| CN107300819A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2017-10-27 | Sage电致变色显示有限公司 | Simultaneously doped with lithium and the electrochromic nickel oxide of metalic contamination |
| US11520204B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 | 2022-12-06 | Sage Electrochromics, Inc. | Electrochromic nickel oxide simultaneously doped with lithium and a metal dopant |
| CN104882291A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-09-02 | 西北师范大学 | Super capacitor electrode material, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104882291B (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2018-04-06 | 西北师范大学 | A kind of electrode material for super capacitor and its preparation method and application |
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Open date: 20090527 |