CN101435481A - Ball hinge series rubber elastic element rigidity-changing method and ball hinge series rubber elastic element - Google Patents
Ball hinge series rubber elastic element rigidity-changing method and ball hinge series rubber elastic element Download PDFInfo
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- CN101435481A CN101435481A CNA2008101439542A CN200810143954A CN101435481A CN 101435481 A CN101435481 A CN 101435481A CN A2008101439542 A CNA2008101439542 A CN A2008101439542A CN 200810143954 A CN200810143954 A CN 200810143954A CN 101435481 A CN101435481 A CN 101435481A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for changing the stiffness of spherical-hinge type rubber elastic elements, and a spherical-hinge type rubber elastic element. The method comprises the following steps: a four-piece mode of combining the spherical-hinge type rubber elastomers is adopted; two elements which are opposite are taken as one group, so as to form two mutually perpendicular groups of spherical-hinge type rubber elastomers; by changing the structures of the two groups of spherical-hinge type rubber elastomers in the perpendicular direction, the stiffness properties of the two groups of spherical-hinge type rubber elastomers are different; and by adjusting the structures of the two groups of spherical-hinge type rubber elastomers, the stiffness of the spherical-hinge type rubber elastomers is changed, so as to meet the requirement on different stiffness in every direction. In the two mutually perpendicular groups of spherical-hinge type rubber elastomers, a rubber elastic elastomer in one direction and a metal housing are integrally vulcanized together with no gap, and a certain gap is reserved between the rubber elastic elastomer in the other direction and the metal housing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of oscillation damping method and parts product, be meant spherical hinge rubber elastic element stiffness changing method and product especially, be mainly used in the rubber elastic element that the bogie of various subways, urban light rail vehicle uses, also go for the position that any damping elastomer such as engineering machinery connects simultaneously.
Background technique
Ball hinged rubber elastic element is the compound damping element of using always of a kind of rubber-metal, can be widely used in various vibration dampings place, especially uses very general in the bogie of rolling stock.
Different with metallic material, rubber material is a kind of typical nonlinear material, thereby the elastic element that is made with rubber material also can show aspect the rigidity property non-linear, such as steel spring in operating limit, the ratio of its load and distortion (being rigidity) is a constant, rubber elastic element is then different, the ratio of its load and distortion (being rigidity) is constantly to change, for the rubber elastic element that is in compressive state, its rigidity can increase along with the increase of load (or distortion) in general.But rubber elastic element also has characteristics, be exactly when rubber deformation less (generally rubber layer thickness 10% in, according to the different differences to some extent of structure) time, the non-linear behavior of rigidity is not too obvious, even, when using, reality generally also can be used as linear process near linear.And along with rolling stock technology and railway high speed, heavy duty develop, increasing elastic element requires to have more significantly nonlinear characteristic.Wish that elastic element has less rigidity such as vehicle when the zero load, so just can guarantee that vehicle is also to have good dynamic performance in zero load; Wish that at the vehicle full load elastic element has bigger rigidity, vehicle has better stability at full load like this; This produces the rigidity sudden change with regard to the elasticity of demand element when load reaches a critical value, only rely on the nonlinear characteristics of rubber material, can't satisfy the rigidity sudden change and require, and this just need manage to change the ball pivot product structure.
Using the most often structure of three-major-items formula (metal-coating+rubber+mandrel) in the spherical hinge structure at present, present this structure all adopts mandrel and overcoat to bond together fully by sulfuration basically, and this structure has its some characteristics, but it is significantly non-linear that their rigidity property aspect shows, though its performance also can satisfy the use of various operating modes substantially, but when the rigidity that needs different rigidity, same direction when the different direction of ball pivot needed the rigidity sudden change, existing spherical hinge structure just satisfied and has not required.Therefore necessaryly further improved.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to deficiency at existing ball hinged rubber elastic element, a kind of nonlinear characteristics is obvious more, all directions have the different-stiffness performance spherical hinge rubber elastic element stiffness changing method and ball hinged rubber elastic element are provided, this kind ball pivot had both realized that all directions had different rigidity, can realize that again same direction rigidity has the requirement of sudden change.
According to purpose of the present invention, the technology implementation scheme that is proposed is: a kind of spherical hinge rubber elastic element stiffness changing method, take fFour piece type ball hinged rubber elastic body compound mode, two is one group, and be with relative two be one group, constitute orthogonal two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies; By changing the Vertical direction structure of two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies, make that the rigidity property of two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies is different, and by adjusting the structure of two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies, realize the change rigidity of ball hinged rubber elastic body, have the different-stiffness performance requirement to satisfy all directions.Wherein, the rubber elastomer of a direction and metal-coating are that seamlessly integral body sulfides, leave certain interval between the rubber elastomer of another direction and the metal-coating, because the gap exists, ball hinged rubber elastic element has less rigidity property, after load reaches certain value under little load, eliminate in the gap, rigidity increases suddenly, realizes the variation of the different radial rigidities of ball hinged rubber elastic element different situations, thereby reaches the purpose that becomes rigidity.
According to the ball hinged rubber elastic element that said method proposed, comprise metal mandrel, elastic rubbery body and a metal-coating; Its characteristics are: described elastic rubbery body and metal-coating are the pintongs structure, and two is one group, and be with relative two be one group, constitute orthogonal two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies; And the Vertical direction structure of two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies is a different structure, and the rigidity property of two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies is also different, has the different-stiffness performance requirement to satisfy all directions.The Vertical direction structure of described two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies is the elastic element body of different structure; Two vertical radial direction rubber parts have different structures, metal-coating is the pintongs structure, wherein two lobes are bonded together fully with rubber after sulfuration, other two lobe metal-coatings separate with the sulfuration body, and have certain interval between this two lobes metal-coating and the rubber elastomer, again pintongs metal-coating combination back integral body is pressed into during assembling.
The making of this ball hinged rubber elastic element is after two lobe metal-coatings, mandrel and elastic rubbery body are become a rubber-metal sulfuration body by high temperature, high pressure sulfuration back is bonding, again this rubber-metal sulfuration body is made up with other two lobe metal-coatings, finally become finished product.Because metal-coating is the pintongs structure, and compared distance necessarily radially divided with sulfuration body combination back and original diameter, therefore when vulcanizing body and be pressed into metal-coating, rubber has just obtained precompression, has improved the usability of ball pivot.Adjust the radially divided distance of two lobe spacers, just can adjust the pre compressed magnitude of rubber.
Characteristics of the present invention are:
Ball hinged rubber elastic element comprises metal-coating, elastic rubbery body, mandrel, elastic rubbery body is between metal-coating and metal mandrel, and direction of the outer surface of elastic rubbery body and two lobe metal-coatings bond together, the another one direction then just contacts with the metal-coating surface, between the elastic rubbery body of this direction and the metal-coating certain clearance is arranged, the size in gap can be adjusted according to the product performance needs.Structurally mainly contain following characteristics:
1) because metal-coating is designed to fFour piece type, radially suitably separate during sulfuration, the pintongs ironware closes up during installation, so rubber just can obtain certain precompression stress, thus the usability of raising ball pivot.
2) between the metal-coating of a direction and the rubber elastomer certain interval is arranged, at the radial load of this direction hour, because the gap exists, has less radial rigidity, eliminate when load reaches the certain value post gap, at this moment radial rigidity increases suddenly, thereby realizes radially becoming rigidity requirement.
3) because the metal-coating and the elastic rubbery body of a direction of this ball pivot class elastic element bond together, this direction has the typical nonlinear rigidity property; Between the metal-coating of another direction and elastic rubbery body then together non-caked and metal-coating and the elastic rubbery body certain interval is arranged, thereby greatly reduce this direction radially, deflection stiffness, and radial rigidity can produce sudden change under certain load, and the rigidity property of this direction shows more obvious nonlinear characteristics.This ball pivot elastic element both direction just has different rigidity properties like this.
Above-mentioned performance can find out obviously that by accompanying drawing 1-3 accompanying drawing 1 is exactly a kind of typical linearity curve, and accompanying drawing 2 is a kind of typical nonlinear curves, and 3 in accompanying drawing is a kind of typical change stiffness curve.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of typical linearity curve;
Fig. 2 is a kind of typical nonlinear curve;
Fig. 3 is a kind of typical change stiffness curve;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 5 is the structure side schematic view of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention two;
Fig. 7 is the structure side schematic view of the embodiment of the invention two;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention three;
Fig. 9 is the structure side schematic view of the embodiment of the invention three;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention four;
Figure 11 is the structure side schematic view of the embodiment of the invention four;
The schematic representation of slotting on the rubber elastomer of Figure 12 for embodiment one directions X;
The side schematic view of slotting on the rubber elastomer of Figure 13 for embodiment one directions X;
Figure 14 is four embodiments' effect curve figure.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment one
Figure 4 and 5 have provided a specific embodiment of the present invention, by accompanying drawing as can be seen, the present invention is a kind of ball hinged rubber elastic element, comprise metal-coating 1, elastic rubbery body 2, mandrel 3, elastic rubbery body 4 and overcoat 5, its characteristics are: rubber elastic element is the fFour piece type structure, metal-coating and rubber elastomer are pintongs, and two is one group, and be to be one group with relative two, constitute Y direction and the orthogonal two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies of directions X, the pintongs metal-coating along the circumferential direction has certain interval under free state; Wherein, the metal-coating of Y direction 1 and elastic rubbery body 2 complete cures but separate between directions X metal-coating 5 and the directions X rubber elastomer 4 together, and between directions X metal-coating 5 and the directions X rubber elastomer 4 the certain clearance Δ are arranged.When press-fiting rubber elastomer and metal-coating being combined integral body again is pressed in the mounting hole, owing between directions X metal-coating 5 and the directions X rubber elastomer 4 certain interval is arranged the metal-coating of Y direction and elastic rubbery body complete cure together, so this ball hinged rubber elastic element directions X has different radial rigidities with the Y direction.Because have certain interval between directions X metal-coating and the elastic rubbery body, the radial rigidity of directions X has typical change stiffness characteristics, its process that realizes change rigidity is as follows:
Phase I: suppose that the metal-coating of this ball hinged rubber elastic element directions X under free state and the gap between the elastic rubbery body are Δ 1, the interior back of the mounting hole products radial direction of packing into is necessarily compressed, suppose that decrement is a Δ 2, the metal-coating and the gap between the elastic rubbery body of back ball pivot class elastic element directions X are Δ=Δ in the mounting hole of then packing into
1-Δ
2Along with the directions X radial load increases, the gap between directions X metal-coating and the elastic rubbery body is more and more littler, until Δ=0.In this stage, have certain interval between metal-coating and the elastic rubbery body always, its radial rigidity is less.
Second stage: along with the increase of directions X radial load, eliminate in the gap between directions X metal-coating and the elastic rubbery body, and metal-coating contacts fully with elastic rubbery body, and its radial rigidity is bigger.
This ball hinged rubber elastic element phase I and second stage have diverse radial rigidity performance, have less radial rigidity in the phase I, and when load reached certain value, the radial rigidity sudden change entered second stage, has bigger radial rigidity.
Embodiment two
Fig. 6 and 7 has provided another specific embodiment of the present invention, embodiment two is similar with embodiment one structure, just Y increases metal spacer between external cover of sulfuration and mandrel, the quantity of partition can be adjusted as required, than embodiment one, the Y direction can obtain bigger radial rigidity, and the rigidity in two stages of directions X also can increase.
Embodiment three
Fig. 8 and 9 has provided another specific embodiment of the present invention, embodiment three is similar with embodiment one structure, just X increases metal spacer between metal-coating and mandrel, the quantity of partition can be adjusted as required, than embodiment one, directions X can obtain bigger radial rigidity, and the rigidity in two stages of Y direction also can increase.
Embodiment four
Figure 10 and 11 has provided another specific embodiment of the present invention, embodiment four is similar with embodiment one structure, just between pintongs metal-coating and mandrel, increase metal spacer, the quantity of partition can be adjusted as required, than embodiment one, all radial direction can both obtain bigger rigidity.
In above-mentioned four embodiments, can on the rubber elastomer of directions X, design a groove, width, the degree of depth of groove adjusted (Figure 10 is the schematic representation of slotting) as required on the rubber elastomer of embodiment one directions X.Than above-mentioned four embodiments, fluting can obtain comparatively mild second stage stiffness curve at directions X on the rubber elastomer of directions X.Four embodiments' effect curve as shown in figure 14.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of spherical hinge rubber elastic element stiffness changing method is characterized in that: take fFour piece type ball hinged rubber elastic body compound mode, two is one group, and be with relative two be one group, constitute orthogonal two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies; By changing the Vertical direction structure of two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies, make that the rigidity property of two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies is different, and by adjusting the structure of two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies, realize the change rigidity of ball hinged rubber elastic body, have the different-stiffness performance requirement to satisfy all directions.
2, spherical hinge rubber elastic element stiffness changing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described orthogonal two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies, the rubber elastomer of a direction and metal-coating are that seamlessly integral body sulfides, leave certain interval between the rubber elastomer of another direction and the metal-coating, under little load since the gap exist, ball hinged rubber elastic element has less rigidity property, after load reaches certain value, eliminate in the gap, rigidity increases suddenly, realize the variation of the different radial rigidities of ball hinged rubber elastic element different situations, thereby reach the purpose that becomes rigidity.
3, a kind of ball hinged rubber elastic element comprises metal mandrel, elastic rubbery body and a metal-coating; It is characterized in that: described elastic rubbery body and metal-coating are the pintongs structure, and two is one group, and be with relative two be one group, constitute orthogonal two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies; And the Vertical direction structure of two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies is a different structure, and the rigidity property of two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies is also different, has the different-stiffness performance requirement to satisfy all directions.
4, ball hinged rubber elastic element as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the Vertical direction structure of described two groups of ball hinged rubber elastic bodies is the elastic element body of different structure; Two vertical radial direction rubber parts have different structures, metal-coating is the pintongs structure, wherein two lobes are bonded together fully with rubber after sulfuration, other two lobe metal-coatings separate with the sulfuration body, and have certain interval between this two lobes metal-coating and the rubber elastomer, again pintongs metal-coating combination back integral body is pressed into during assembling.
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CN101852263A (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2010-10-06 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Spherical hinge rubber elastic element rigidity changing method, and rubber elastic element and manufacturing method thereof |
CN102284538A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2011-12-21 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Radial extrusion method of metal rubber composite spherical hinge |
CN101596786B (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2012-03-21 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Method for assembling spherical hinge rubber elastic element and product thereof |
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2008
- 2008-12-15 CN CNA2008101439542A patent/CN101435481A/en active Pending
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CN102865324B (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-04-16 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Processing method of wailway vehicle tumbler location device |
CN102865324A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-01-09 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Railway vehicle tumbler location device and processing method thereof |
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