CN101422963A - Manufacture method and device of three-dimensional workpiece - Google Patents
Manufacture method and device of three-dimensional workpiece Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101422963A CN101422963A CNA2008101665774A CN200810166577A CN101422963A CN 101422963 A CN101422963 A CN 101422963A CN A2008101665774 A CNA2008101665774 A CN A2008101665774A CN 200810166577 A CN200810166577 A CN 200810166577A CN 101422963 A CN101422963 A CN 101422963A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- thin layer
- slurry
- workpiece
- energy beam
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a method and equipment using organic adhesive mixed solvent and powder to manufacture three-dimensional workpieces. The work principle is as follows: the raw materials are stirred into slurry, which is laid as a green compact thin layer that can disintegrate in disintegrant; the green compact thin layer can form a workpiece thin layer that does not disintegrate in the disintegrant after scanned by an energy beam; in such a cycle, the steps of laying the thin layer and energy beam scanning are repeated, and then the three-dimensional workpiece can be formed; and the disintegant is used for separating the green compact not scanned by the energy beam from the workpiece, thus remaining the needed three-dimensional workpiece. The invention is widely applicable to manufacturing plastic, metallic, ceramic and compound workpieces, can avoid the defects of a selective laser sintering method, can use fine and very thin powder and therefore, can manufacture a finished product which is better than that made in the traditional selective laser sintering method in surface roughness and texture fineness, in addition, through subsequent densified sintering, the metallic and ceramic workpieces can have the strength superior to that in the traditional selective laser sintering method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus of making plastic material workpiece, pottery and plastic composite workpiece, metal and plastic composite workpiece and other composite material work pieces, be particularly related to the mode that applies to stratiform processing with organic binder, produce a kind of manufacture method and the equipment of three-dimensional plastic material workpiece and three-dimensional ceramic and plastic composite workpiece and 3-dimensional metal and plastic composite workpiece and other three-dimensional composite material workpiece.
Background technology
Fast prototype making process can be made 3 D workpiece, common to method stereosopic printing art (Stereolithography), selective laser sintering method (Selective Laser Sintering), fusion extrusion forming method (Fused Deposition Modeling), thermojet method (Thermo-Jet), wax spray modeling (Model Maker) etc. are arranged, all can be used for making plastics part.Preceding two kinds of methods are luminescence method, and back three kinds of methods are nozzle process.Luminescence method is for utilizing UV-irradiation liquid photosensitive resin with it solidified forming, or utilizes infrared ray that the thermoplastic powder clinkering is linked to be shaped.Nozzle process is for utilizing nozzle liquid plastic is extruded or spraying, then through the cooling solidified forming.Recently OB gunite (0BJET) but is to utilize nozzle and illumination composite algorithm, and it makes its resin solidification via UV-irradiation for utilizing nozzle again with the ejection of liquid photosensitive resin.Luminescence method uses laser light to come moulding and nozzle process relatively, possesses the potentiality of manufacturing than delicate workpieces.
The stereosopic printing art (Stereolithography) and the selective laser sintering method (Selective Laser Sintering) that belong to luminescence method respectively have its pluses and minuses.Stereosopic printing art (Stereolithography) is used the photosensitive high molecular liquid material, can lay the quite bed thickness of thin (50um), support the cantilever design of giving prominence to but must design, and, can obtain more accurate and fine evident characteristic workpiece because of with ultraviolet light laser irradiation resin.Selective laser sintering method (Selective Laser Sintering) utilizes powder to be material, no matter is that plastic powders, metal dust or ceramic powders all can be processed.And selective laser sintering method (Selective LaserSintering) is when the processing plastic material, if operating room's temperature maintenance below the powder fusing point 20 ℃, it is not high to heat up during heating, and the powder warpage is not serious, can support the cantilever design of giving prominence to because of powder, not need special design to support.Because of there not being supporting construction, when tripping out workpiece, needing only and fall loose powder clearly.
The powder method of selective laser sintering method (Selective Laser Sintering) has a lot of advantage with respect to the liquid phase process material of stereosopic printing art (Stereolithography), for example the kind restriction is less, can make plastics, metal, pottery and composite material work piece, and construction support especially during the processing plastic material, but important disadvantages is arranged, be exactly that its powder particle commonly used about 50nm with respect to the liquid macroimolecule material of stereosopic printing art (Stereolithography) about 50 μ m is big 1000 times, because can not use the powder of trickle (for example 1 μ m), and belong to the dry powder manufacture method, can't use dispersant, the workpiece of making also is difficult to reach the degree of 95% densification, and also because can not use the powder of trickle (for example 1 μ m), bed thickness can not too thin (prior art be more than 75um), the workpiece of making is more not careful, these two drawbacks limit the scope of application of selective laser sintering method.
The inventor creates ceramic high-energy beam sintering method (US Patent No.6217816, TaiWan, China patent I228114 number) its manufacture method is: at first utilize inorganic glutinous agent and ceramic powders to add water and puddle and form slurry, with deployed slurry via feedback material equipment layer overlay slurry thin layer, after being dried to life badly, optionally scanning is living bad immediately to utilize high-energy beam, and directly clinkering is a pottery.So perseveration is finished the 3D workpiece, will take out ceramic workpiece without the life of high-energy beam clinkering after the disintegration of bad part again, and this method can be described as ceramic high-energy beam fusion method.Can on the rapid prototyping machine, directly make the workpiece of ceramic material, not need to do the back segment sintering.Subsequently and create high-energy beam sintering process (TaiWan, China patent I272261 number), make 3D ceramic material workpiece and 3D Tao Jin material workpiece with the liquid state sintered principle; System stirs into slurry with ceramic powders and inorganic glutinous agent, mixing diluents, is paved into thickness slurry thin layer as thin as a wafer, and through heat drying, the ceramic particle in the slurry interlinks by the gummed effect of inorganic glutinous agent and produces intensity and become green compact.These green compact produce the binding effect with the temperature that high-energy beam scans fast below the ceramic powders fusing point of tool peak melting point with inorganic glutinous agent fusion, also can make the surface comparatively more careful than cementing method except that the sintering thin layer that can make as thin as a wafer.This two patent uses inorganic binder can make pottery and Tao Jin workpiece, but can not can be applicable to the manufacturing of plastics, metal, pottery and composite articles as selective laser sintering method more widely.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of manufacture method and equipment of 3 D workpiece in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of manufacture method of 3 D workpiece is provided, comprises the steps: that (1) with powder and organic glutinous agent, solvent, make slurry; (2) above-mentioned slurry is paved into the slurry thin layer in a qualification district, and makes this thin layer harden because of solvent evaporates; (3) scan the above-mentioned thin layer that has hardened with energy beam according to specific path, make the zone intensification that was scanned on the above-mentioned thin layer and sinter workpiece thin layer into, and the section shape of this workpiece thin layer tool 3 D workpiece; (4) repeating step (2), (3) be to pre-determined number, and make the stack layer of predetermined quantity, and these stack layers link mutually when being subjected to the scanning of step (3) energy beam, forms the shape of 3 D workpiece; And (5) the sclerosis block that will scan sintering without energy beam removes around the 3 D workpiece of sintering, obtains 3 D workpiece.
Another embodiment is as follows, and a kind of manufacture method of 3 D workpiece is provided, and comprises the steps: that (1) with powder and organic glutinous agent, solvent, make slurry; (2) above-mentioned slurry is paved into the slurry thin layer in a qualification district, and makes this thin layer harden because of solvent evaporates; (3) scan the above-mentioned thin layer that has hardened with energy beam according to specific path, make the zone intensification that was scanned on the above-mentioned thin layer and sinter rotten thin layer into, this rotten thin layer comprises the workpiece part and supports partly, the section shape of workpiece part tool 3 D workpiece; (4) repeating step (2), (3) be to pre-determined number, and make the stack layer of predetermined quantity, and these stack layers link mutually when being subjected to the scanning of step (3) energy beam, forms the shape of 3 D workpiece and the shape of support; And (5) will scan the sclerosis block of sintering and supporting construction without energy beam and remove around the 3 D workpiece of sintering, obtain 3 D workpiece.
The slurry manufacturing that the present invention also provides a kind of utilization to contain organic adhesive, powder, solvent includes the equipment of the green briquette of 3 D workpiece, comprising: one makes green compact thin layer equipment, comprises a shop lamellar means and a workbench; Described shop lamellar means and workbench are done the relative motion of certain distance, at workbench upper berth form slurry thin layer, and can make described thin layer be green compact thin layer because of the organic binder drying that links powder hardens in described slurry; Workbench is supported described thin layer; Also comprise an energy beam agglomerating plant, comprise an energy beam generation device, with an energy beam scanning means; Wherein this energy beam scanner guiding energy bundle is in aforementioned green compact thin layer upper edge particular path motion, and above-mentioned green compact thin layer is heated up by the scanned zone of energy beam and sinters workpiece thin layer into.
The present invention makes the first step of 3 D workpiece for powder (plastic powders, ceramic powders, metal dust or composite powder) is mixed with solvent (water or organic solvent) and organic binder, the furnishing slurry.Being characterized as its green compact of making and can utilizing disintegrant to make it disintegration of slurry, and green compact be subjected to the energy beam irradiation, sintering of step (3) after not disintegration in disintegrant.This slurry can be paved into thin layer.After the suitable mode drying of this thin-layer sizing agent utilization, the particle in the slurry interlinks by the gummed effect of organic glutinous agent, and producing intensity becomes solid-state green compact thin layer.This green compact thin layer optionally scans via an energy beam, and inswept part can go bad formation not disintegration as thin as a wafer in the workpiece thin layer of disintegrant.Still unmetamorphosed green compact thin layer below workpiece thin layer.Green compact form solid support, are enough to the thermal deformation that prevents that workpiece thin layer from causing because of energy beam scanning.So perseveration is finished the 3D workpiece, workpiece is placed the disintegrant order then to obtain desired 3 D workpiece without the green compact part disintegration of energy beam scanning again.
When if the solid support that the green compact that generation scans without energy beam partly form is not enough to prevent that energy beam from scanning the thermal deformation that causes, the workpiece thin layer of top may be separated with the green compact thin layer of below, stick up phenomenon in the wrong and produce, then should increase especially and build the next and workpiece thin layer binding of support structure, stick up in the wrong to prevent workpiece thin layer in the green compact part.
Manufacture method of the present invention comprises four steps:
(1). prepare slurry;
(2). make green compact thin layer;
(3). energy beam sintering green compact thin layer becomes workpiece or workpiece to add support structure;
(4). remove unsintered green compact or green compact and add support structure.
Inquire into the relevant method and apparatus of each road step in the manufacture method of the present invention earlier at this.
First step: prepare raw material
This step is mixed furnishing slurry 2 with powder 1a with solvent 1b and organic glutinous agent 1c.
Powder 1a refers to plastic powders, ceramic powders, metal dust or comprises the composite powder of two or more materials (comprising the ceramic/metal composite powder, plastics/ceramic composite powder, plastic/metal composite powder etc.).
Solvent 1b is water or organic solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), toluence etc., and its function can mix it for organic glutinous agent 1c is dissolved uniformly with powder 1a, and can adjust the viscosity of slurry 2.
Organic glutinous agent 1c be polyvinyl alcohol (Polyvinyl alcohol, PVA), starch, cellulose water-soluble organic glutinous agent such as (Cellulose) or polyvinyl butyral (Polyvinyl butyral, non-water-soluble organic glutinous agent such as PVB).Its character is for can be dissolved among the solvent 1b, powder can be connected to drying after the powder and to be green compact, the disintegration but these green compact can be dipped in the disintegrant 14, these green compact also can go bad when energy beam 10 scanning sintering and become the workpiece that is insoluble to disintegrant 14, and the green compact scanned without laser partly can be used to supporting workpiece; So, when the 4th step, can utilize disintegrant 14 that the green compact of supporting workpiece are removed.
(PVA) is water-soluble for polyvinyl alcohol, mixing the back drying can connect to ceramic powders and be green compact with ceramic powders, these green compact can be dipped in the water and disintegration, but these green compact can improve its water proofing property after the heating fusion, so polyvinyl alcohol is fit to be organic glutinous agent 1c of the present invention, can be used for linking plastic powders, metal dust or ceramic powders etc. and makes 3 D workpiece according to manufacture method of the present invention.But other water miscible adhesives such as cellulose etc. improve few in heating fusion back water proofing property, though ceramic powders can be connected to and be green compact so cellulose mixes the back drying with ceramic powders, these green compact also can be dipped in the water and disintegration, but it is little that these green compact change in heating fusion back water proofing property, and being dipped in also can disintegration in the water.Do not have suitable method and it is separated with green compact and be shaped so light links workpiece that metal dust or ceramic powders etc. make with cellulose.
But the workpiece that polyvinyl alcohol binding acryl coating metal dust or acryl coating ceramic powders are made is dipped in the water and can separates with green compact and be shaped.(PMMA) is water insoluble for acryl, and the acryl latex that coating is used includes the acryl particulate that is scattered in water.The acryl latex can be in the normal temperature film forming, and the acryl film of formation possesses the character of waterproof, if utilize acryl (PMMA) to be coated in ceramic powders or metal dust surface, just can form the water-fast film of one deck.The green compact that polyvinyl alcohol binding acryl coating metal dust or acryl coating ceramic powders are made are if put as for making the green compact disintegration in the water; But when these green compact are shone by energy beam 10, the acryl of powder surface (PMMA) film all fuses, mixes with the polyvinyl alcohol of vicinity, form water-fast composite, so the workpiece of being made with this method is water insoluble, with water remove green compact support quite easy.
Above-described three kinds of materials (powder 1a and solvent 1b and organic glutinous agent 1c) mix with proper proportion, place agitating device 3 or the ball mill commonly used evenly stirs the slurry 2 that can obtain share.
For making powder can suspend, improve the uniformity of slurry, the content that increases powder, minimizing viscosity, reduce bubble, in slurry, can add other additives 1d, as dispersant (ammonium polyacrylate), defoamer, optical absorbing agent etc., and implement two-part and handle, add earlier and add adhesive 1c again after dispersant disperses powder.
Second step: make green compact thin layer
Make green compact thin layer and be the slurry 2 that will prepare and be paved into as thin as a wafer one deck slurry thin layer 7, make it dry sclerosis, the thin layer of this sclerosis is green compact thin layer 9.For reaching this purpose, at first, must utilize a manufacturing green compact thin layer equipment 16 to make green compact thin layer 9.Make green compact thin layer equipment 16 and comprise a shop lamellar means 4 and a workbench 6.What the solvent 1b in the slurry 2 had can volatilize at normal temperatures, and what have must increase a heater 8, slurry thin layer 7 Fast Heating are made it sclerosis.
If slurry 2 is reliable gravity flow, then can simple receptacle be shop lamellar means 4, slurry 2 flows out from 4 outlets of shop lamellar means, this shop lamellar means 4 and workbench 6 are done the relative motion of certain distance, and the slurry 2 of outflow scrapes through a simple scraper 20 promptly can be at green briquette 5 upper berth form slurry thin layers 7.But because of most slurry 2 viscosity height, be difficult for flowing, so can utilize a pressurized equipment, for example screw mechanism 18, and discharge pressure is provided, and slurry 2 most duck eyes on a measurer 19 rectangle ports of export are extruded; Because of the length on measurer 19 port of export limits approximates the broadside of slurry thin layer 7, so the slurry of extruding 2 forms long lines; An attached scraper 20 after measurer 19 outlets is adjusted the gap between scraper 20 and the green briquette 5, makes scraper 20 do the motion of the long side direction of slurry thin layer 7, scrapes long lines slurry, forms the shape of slurry thin layer 7.Moreover, also can after pressurized equipment, link an outlet and be circular flexible pipe, the slurry of extruding 2 is point-like, the circular flexible pipe of order is done the linear movement of slurry thin layer 7 broadsides, the slurry of then extruding will form long lines, make its length equal the broadside of slurry thin layer 7, utilize a scraper 20 to scrape the motion that long lines slurry is done the long side direction of slurry thin layer 7 again, also can form the shape of slurry thin layer 7.When utilizing above-mentioned manufacturing green compact thin layer equipment 16 to form the shape of slurry thin layers 7, slurry must be coated on the green briquette 5 uniformly and plus-pressure so that slurry thin layer 7 links with lower floor green compact and the density of control green compact.Shop lamellar means 4 possesses this function, and it comprises the feedback materials device that slurry 2 quantitatively is transported to green briquette 5 end faces, and can apply the system film instrument of certain pressure on slurry thin layer 7.Slurry can be limited the method that is paved into thin layer in the district one is that platen press and scraper forming process are scraped in rolling compaction method, slip, and the system film instrument that they use can be roller, splits shape plate, scraper.Roller is the system film instrument of rolling compaction method; The rolling compaction method is to clamp down on roller, rolls slurry.Flow to the pressure lower by pressure spot behind the slurry pressurized, the effect that reduces thickness and compacting is arranged.Split the shape plate and scrape the system film instrument of platen press for sliding; It is to clamp down on one to split the shape plate that platen press is scraped in slip, promotes this simultaneously and splits the shape plate forward, is a low-angle angle because of splitting shape plate and pulp surface, splits triple effects that shape plate aforementioned activities has compacting, sliding wear and wipes the paste batching off.Scraper is the system film instrument of scraper forming process; Utilize scraper forming process stone, though, only utilize scraper 20, do not use special pressurizing tool, but,, make powder near each other because of slurry 2 can produce capillary pressure when the drying if be used the effect that enough thin powder just has compressing powder, increase density, the maximum stress that produces when for example the powder particle size is 0.35 μ m and 0.68 μ m is about 2MPa and 1.1MPa respectively.
Make the workbench 6 of green compact thin layer equipment 16, can comprise a workseat 21 and lifting platform 22, workseat 21 carrying green briquette 5 and workpiece 12, lifting platform 22 carrying workseats 21 are done and are moved both vertically.
Must use thrust with scraper 20 coating sizing-agents 2 time, the workpiece thin layer 11 of lower floor is moved, cause upper and lower layer workpiece section not align, the workpiece size of making is incorrect.If the volatilization of the solvent 1b in the slurry thin layer 7, organic binder 1c links the green compact that powder 1a forms the suitable intensity of tool, the thrust in the time of can bearing coating upper strata slurry 2, and then the workpiece thin layer 11 of lower floor can not move, and then this problem can solve.Manufacture method was heated before slurry thin layer 7 scans according to specific path with energy beam 10 in advance, and can rapid draing harden, and accelerated operating rate.The method of heating can also can be heated by green briquette 5 belows by the heating of green briquette 5 tops; Passed with radiant heat by green briquette 5 tops and directly energy to be added to slurry thin layer 7, can make 7 sclerosis of slurry thin layer rapidly, modes such as available, microwave, infrared ray heat; Experiment shows that use far infrared (more than the wavelength 6 μ m) effect is good; Borrow hot-air that energy is added on the slurry thin layer 7 by green briquette 5 tops with the advection heat biography, also can make 7 sclerosis of slurry thin layer rapidly.Utilize heating wire to pass directly heating green briquette 5 by workseat 21 belows to conduct heat, respond well at the green briquette 5 that thickness is not high, and because of whole green briquette 5 store heat, drying is very quick.These heating means can utilize heaters such as infrared heater, microwave generation device, Hot-air fan, heating wire to realize.
Third step: energy beam scanning green compact, sintering forms workpiece thin layer
The energy beam agglomerating plant comprises an energy beam generation device, with an energy beam scanner.From the energy beam 10 that the energy beam generation device penetrates, during irradiation green compact thin layer 9, energy beam 10 produces reciprocation on the surface and gives birth to heat with green material, and heat conducts to the inside via the surface, can make the green compact of certain depth and width rotten.Mat is regulated the manufacture method parameter, and the rotten degree of depth and the width of control material can make the link mutually of scanned zone.Energy beam scanner guiding energy bundle 10 is in green compact thin layer 9 upper edge particular path motions, and point and point overlap mutually and form line, and line and line overlapping mutually form face, and face and face overlap mutually and form three-dimensional workpiece 12.
During energy beam 10 irradiation green compact thin layer 9, can cause the temperature contrast of surface and the inside usually, produce different amounts of contraction.When cooling, the outer surface cooling velocity is faster than internal layer, is easy to generate to stick up phenomenon in the wrong.The present invention does not lose if sintering temperature is not burnt the organic binder in the workpiece thin layer 11 because of adhesive is arranged between the powder, and the green briquette 5 of below can link well with the workpiece thin layer 11 of top usually, does not stick up phenomenon in the wrong, so construction structure supports especially.But if sintering temperature is higher, for example can be with the ceramic powder clinkering, then the organic binder in the workpiece thin layer 11 can be burnt and lose, then the workpiece thin layer 11 of top can be separated with the green briquette 5 of below, produces and sticks up phenomenon in the wrong, at this moment, should increase especially in the green compact part and build support structure, the sintering parameter of this support structure is identical with workpiece thin layer 11, also is with the ceramic powder clinkering, experimental result shows, support structure and workpiece thin layer 11 bindings can be prevented that workpiece thin layer 11 from sticking up in the wrong.
Green compact are if be that organic glutinous agent 1c coheres powder 1a with PVA, the 26 scanning heating of laser bundle can be fused PVA, can change after PVA solidifies becomes water-fast character, so laser bundle 26 scanned workpiece thin layer 11 possess water-fast characteristic, and the organic glutinous agent 1c of the green compact thin layer 9 that laser does not scan still is original water-soluble PVA; So, the scanned workpiece 12 of laser bundle 26 is different with the green briquette 5 that laser does not scan in nature, can utilize water to work as disintegrant 14 and make green briquette 5 disintegrations, and laser bundle 26 scanned workpiece 12 shapes can keep.
As in ceramic powders or metal dust surface coating acryl (PMMA), when energy beam 10 scans the PMMA film of powder surface coating, PMMA fuses simultaneously with the PVA adhesive of vicinity, mixture solidify to form water-fast PMMA/PVA composite after cooling, because of PMMA originally just water insoluble, so this composite just possesses preferable resistance to water, can make stronger workpiece thin layer 11.
Industrial common C02 laser beam and Nd:YAG laser beam are energy beam 10 of the present invention.Different powder 1a are different with the absorptivity of Nd:YAG laser bundle to C02 laser bundle, organic glutinous agent 1c is also different to the absorptivity of different laser bundles 26, the present invention mainly utilizes organic glutinous agent 1c to fuse to cohere powder 1a, if organic glutinous agent 1c and powder 1a are not high to the absorptivity of extraordinary laser, also can increase optical absorbing agent, fuse the effect of organic glutinous agent 1c to reach the rising temperature, for example, acryl and ceramic powder are all not high to the absorptivity of Nd:YAG laser bundle, so extinction poor effect of acryl coating ceramic powder, can add carbon black and advance in the slurry 2, pass to acryl intensification fusion by the heating of carbon black extinction and link ceramic powders.
Face mask projection arrangement, after utilizing visible light source to pass through the screening of face light shield the workpiece cross-sectional images is passed through optical system imaging on the green compact face, the face light shield can be penetration, for example general projection film or liquid crystal light shield, also can be reflective, as the micromirror light shield of Texas Instruments, reflective can bear high energy density, and making speed with face mask projection arrangement irradiation green machined can be very fast.The energy beam scanning means also can comprise beam motion device and beam condenser.Energy beam 10 can be green briquette 5 motions with the relative motion of the X-Y direction of green briquette 5, and energy beam 10 is static, also can be energy beam 10 motions, and green briquette 5 is static.The X-Y direction motion of energy beam 10 can utilize vibration mirror scanning machine (Galvometer) or X-Y workbench 29 (X-Y table), reaches, and these two kinds of technology are very ripe.Energy beam focus lamp 36 can be lens or face mirror
The CAD that utilization is commonly used the CAM software kit can create the scanning pattern of vector mode automatically, at first, utilize the three-D mapping software that the stereogram of workpiece is drawn, again it is cut into a lot of parallel sections, make the NC program of each section again, the three-dimensional processing problems of difficulty is transformed into the simple two-dimensional processing mode, has avoided the processing dead angle problem that three-dimensional processing often runs into.
The main manufacture method parameter of energy beam 10 scanning green compact thin layer 9 is an example with laser bundle 26, is power and sweep speed.This manufacture method power demand is decided on photo-thermal conversion efficiency, and the ability of the organic glutinous agent 1c of fusion is promptly arranged with the power of high efficiency C02 laser bundle scanning silicon oxide ceramics green compact more than 3W.The setting of sweep speed is also closely bound up with material character, fusing point height such as, and the fusion layer thickness is big, the sweep speed that the material require that pyroconductivity is low is lower.
Behind each section sintering of workpiece, the distance between green briquette 5 and the laser bundle 26 promptly enlarges, and vacates the space of a layer thickness, lays one deck slurry thin layer 7 fully once more.
The 4th step: remove unsintered green compact
Repeat aforesaid manufacturing green compact thin layer 9 and 11 liang of steps of energy beam 10 scanning green compact thin layer 9 sintering formation workpiece thin layer repeatedly, can make workpiece 12, this workpiece 12 is embedded in green briquette 5 the insides of sclerosis, the green briquette 5 that surrounds workpiece must be removed, and just can obtain workpiece 12.
Removal, or is soaked disintegrant 14 and is added strength destruction for soaking disintegrant 14 or destroy with strength without the method for the sclerosis block of energy beam scanning sintering and supporting construction.With supersonic vibration force removal green compact and supporting construction is effectively, especially adds that when workpiece places disintegrant 14 effect of ultrasonic concussion is better.
The zone that forms workpiece 12 possesses the character of not disintegration in disintegrant 14 as described in preceding step, the zone of unsintered green briquette 5 but disintegratable in disintegrant 14.Disintegrant 14 can be water, organic solvent, strong acid or highly basic.
The polyvinyl alcohol water soluble is so can utilize water to work as disintegrant 14.The green briquette 5 that uses polyvinyl alcohol to work as organic glutinous agent 1c immerses can be because of polyvinyl alcohol disintegration soluble in water in the water.No matter workpiece 12 is with laser fusion PVA link powder, or link powder, place water all can keep original shape with the PMMA of laser fusion PVA and PMMA coating powder surface.Will be not sintering green briquette 5 go in the green compact container 13 in one together with workpiece 12 dislocation in sintering is finished after, in this container, put into water or wash away or add the ultrasonic concussion with the water bundle, all can reach the purpose of removal green briquette 5.
In addition, also can utilize highly basic, for example NaOH (Na0H) aqueous solution is when disintegrant 14.Utilize polyvinyl alcohol to be soluble in NaOH but PMMA is insoluble to the characteristic of NaOH, the PVA adhesive adds that green compact that the paste system of PMMA coating ceramic powders is made can make PVA for linking phase, PMMA coating ceramic powders is a decentralized photo, places NaOH with regard to disintegration.Partly can make PMMA for linking phase through the workpiece of laser scanning, PVA and ceramic powders are decentralized photo, place the NaOH can disintegration.
The present invention and other located by prior art when for example selective laser sintering method compares mutually, have following feature and advantage:
1. of the present invention being characterized as with glued and two kinds of different binding mechanism of heating fusion links material.Linking one deck plastic grain, ceramic particle, metallic particles or composite material granular with organic glutinous agent earlier becomes as thin as a wafer; the thin layer green compact of simple shape; these green compact possess the character that is soluble in disintegrant; again with energy beam scanning thin layer green compact; linking the part green compact becomes the shape of a certain section of finished product; the character of the sintering thin layer that energy beam scanning forms is different with green compact; can not be dissolved in the disintegrant; so it can be dipped in the disintegrant; make the disintegration of green compact part and partly separate, on workpiece, can not stay any vestige after removing green compact with workpiece.
2. the present invention uses slurry, and this slurry is the mixture of powder and water, and wherein the size of powder can be mm level, μ m level, or the mixture of aforementioned different progression.So can not limit the lower limit of the thickness of shop layer when the present invention spreads layer too greatly because of powder particle, can spread out very thin shop layer, reduced laminated step effect.In addition, behind the layer of slurry shop, be heated the green compact that are dried to a sclerosis, when on the green compact of this sclerosis, laying slurry, if the thinner then stone plate of bed thickness must be exerted all one's strength bigger, green compact are also stressed bigger, but the green compact of the organic glutinous agent gluing that the present invention uses form solid-state support naturally when the construction workpiece, the strength that produces when on the make these green compact can be kept out the shop layer, it is stressed and mobile because of spreading layer that workpiece and green compact are unlikely to, so the laying that the present invention can be certain as thin as a wafer cut layer, test the thickness that the present invention spreads layer factually and can accomplish about 10 μ m, making that the present invention makes the vertical axis resolution ratio of workpiece can be than prior art method for high.
Opposite, existing selective laser sintering method system uses dry powder to be material, if when powder particle is big,, is easy to flow and paves for example greater than 30 μ m, but when powder particle hour,, then be difficult for flowing for example less than 20 μ m, strickling.Therefore the treatable particle of method can not be too little, so pre-coated layer can not be too thin.
3. when high-energy beam scans,, when cooling, can produce thermal stress and can cause workpiece to be tilted upward and bend distortion in workpiece formation temperature gradient.The solid-state support of green compact of the distinctive organic glutinous agent gluing of the present invention can prevent workpiece deformation, and this function needs especially in the structure part of workpiece cantilever.Because of workpiece can not tilt upward in the wrong, just can contact workpiece when doing down one deck, and can process smoothly.
4. slurry of the present invention is the mixture of water and powder, can add dispersant evenly disperses tiny powder, and when water or organic solvent evaporation, produce capillary force, increase can compacted powder for this capillary force when powder particle is tiny, increase the density of green compact, traditional selective laser sintering method is used dry powder, lacks aforesaid function, and the workpiece of making is difficult fine and close.
5. because of using slurry shop layer can be paved into thickness thin layer as thin as a wafer, reduce the step effect, increased the resolution ratio of workpiece vertical direction, made the surface of the work texture more careful; And because of using slurry shop layer can use fine powder, can improve surface roughness, test the surface roughness that to accomplish Ra=1.5 μ m factually.Aforementioned two characteristics have reduced the necessity of the follow-up machining of the workpiece that the present invention made.
6. powder of the present invention can be plastic powders, ceramic powders, metal dust or composite powder.Because of using organic binder, organic polymer/ceramic composite workpiece, organic polymer/metallic composite workpiece after utilizing the present invention to be shaped can utilize the burning of commonly using to lose high-molecular organic material, high temperature densification sintering or mix technology such as oozing low melting material and obtain high-intensity ceramic workpiece and metal works.
Cumulated volume is invented above-mentioned feature and advantage, as seen the present invention can be applicable to the manufacturing of plastics, metal and ceramic workpiece widely, and eliminate the conventional powder method, selective laser sintering method for example, shortcoming, and can use fine-powder, bed thickness can be very thin, so can make surface roughness, texture fineness, intensity all than conventional powder method, for example selective laser sintering method is good finished product, has reduced the necessity of follow-up machining.So the present invention can use on the industry, has novelty and progressive.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method and equipment of 3 D workpiece, can be applicable to the manufacturing of plastics, metal, pottery and composite articles widely, and eliminate the shortcoming of selective laser sintering method, can use fine-powder, bed thickness can be very thin, so can make surface roughness, texture fineness is good finished product than traditional selective laser sintering method all, and through after can to obtain than traditional selective laser sintering method to metal, the ceramic workpiece of closeization sintering processes be good intensity.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A to Fig. 1 I is a making schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 A shows the constitutional diagram according to 3 D workpiece rapid prototyping machine of the present invention
Fig. 2 B is the exploded view of ceramic rapid prototyping machine
Fig. 3 is the control system framework calcspar of 3 D workpiece rapid prototyping machine.
The specific embodiment
Following content be in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation to further describing that the present invention did, can not assert that concrete enforcement of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Primary clustering symbol description among Fig. 1-Fig. 3
1a, powder; 1b, solvent; 1c, organic glutinous agent; 1d, additive; 2, slurry; 3, agitating device; 4, shop lamellar means; 5, green briquette; 6, workbench; 7, slurry thin layer; 8, heater; 9, green compact thin layer; 10, energy beam; 11, workpiece thin layer; 12, workpiece; 13, remove the green compact container; 14, disintegrant; 15, rapid prototyping machine; 16, make green compact thin layer equipment; 17, energy beam agglomerating plant; 18, screw mechanism; 19, measurer; 20, scraper; 21, workseat; 22, lifting platform; 23, frame; 24, reciprocator; 25, CO
2The laser machine; 26, laser bundle; 27, speculum; 28, convex lens; 29, X-Y workbench; 30, heating motion controller; 31, shop lamellar means controller; 32, lifting platform controller; 33, X-Y workbench controller; 34, heating and temperature control device; 35, laser controller; 36, manufacture method computing mechanism making method
Manufacture method embodiment
See also shown in Figure 1, place agitating device 3 to mix, stir alumina powder (powder 1a), water (solvent 1b), the poly amic acid (additive 1d) of coating PMMA with proper proportion, the alumina powder of aforementioned coating PMMA is scattered in the water, add an amount of PVA (organic glutinous agent 1c) again, fully stir furnishing slurry 2 (Figure 1A); Slurry 2 is put into shop lamellar means 4 to be extruded then and drops on (Figure 1B) on the green briquette 5, and mobile shop lamellar means 4 becomes slurry thin layer 7 (Fig. 1 C) with the end face that slurry 2 is layed in green briquette 5, apply infrared energy on slurry thin layer 7 with heater 8 then, make it heat temperature raising (Fig. 1 D), dry sclerosis forms green compact thin layer 9, the water-soluble height of this green compact thin layer 9; The thickness of ground floor green compact can be thicker, about 1mm, and on one deck, thickness should reduce as far as possible, about about 30 μ m, so that can make the trickle part shape of workpiece before green compact thin layer 9 subsequently covered; After this, shine in green compact thin layer 9 (Fig. 1 E) with energy beam 10, making it heat absorption heats up, two kinds of organic materials of PMMA film and the polyvinyl alcohol that is used as adhesive 1c of the following alumina surface to a certain certain depth (for example 45 μ m) in surface are fused, link alumina powder, form water-fast workpiece thin layer 11; The travel path of laser bundle 26 is to be created automatically by computer program according to the section of the 3 D workpiece of desire shaping, and control laser bundle 26 scanning patterns can be made the two-dimentional thin section of arbitrary shape.Because this laser bundle 26 is the vertical scanning plane from top to bottom, makes green compact thin layer 9 surperficial any point all can shine, complex objects does not all have the problem at processing dead angle arbitrarily; Green briquette 5 descends with workbench 6, and dropping distance equals the thickness (for example 30 μ m) (Fig. 1 F) of every layer of workpiece thin layer 11; Again and again repeating step B to the process of step F can 3 D workpiece is required workpiece thin layer 11 in regular turn storehouse make (Fig. 1 G).At last, take out the green briquette 5 that contains workpiece 12 and place in the green compact container 13 (Fig. 1 H), this goes the water (disintegrant 14) in the green compact container 13 to make green briquette 5 disintegrations that coat workpiece 12, can obtain the three-dimensional ceramic/plastics part 12 (Fig. 1 I) that will make.
The pottery that this manufacture method is made/plastics composite articles can be through post processing, for example burns earlier and loses organic substance again through 1600 ℃ of sintering one hour, can obtain density and reach aluminium oxide ceramics workpiece more than 95%.
Apparatus embodiments
Manufacture method of the present invention comprises four steps.The available agitating device of commonly using 3 of first step (preparing slurry).The 4th step (remove unsintered green compact or green compact and add support structure) can be used the container 13 of the holding liquid of commonly using (disintegrant 14), for removing the ultrasonic equipment groove of containing disintegrant 14 without the green briquette 5 or the use of laser scanning sintering, for removing the support structure that green briquette 5 includes with it.Second step (manufacturing green compact thin layer) and third step (energy beam sintering green compact thin layer becomes workpiece or workpiece to add support structure) must repeat repeatedly, are necessary development tools and mechanism, and control all working with computer.The equipment of carrying out this two step is exactly the device of manufacturing 3 D workpiece of the present invention, is called rapid prototyping machine 15, sees also Fig. 2, Fig. 3.
Fig. 2 A shows the constitutional diagram according to 3 D workpiece rapid prototyping machine 15 of the present invention, and this machine comprises the green compact thin layer equipment 16 of making, and energy beam agglomerating plant 17 2 partly.
Fig. 2 B is the exploded view of rapid prototyping machine 15, shows the shape and the relative position of each spare part.Each significant components system of this equipment moves according to the method for work shown in Figure 1B to Fig. 1 F.
Making green compact thin layer equipment 16 mainly is made up of with a workbench 6 and heater 8 shop lamellar means 4.Shop lamellar means 4 comprises feedback materials device, system film instrument.The feedback materials device comprises a screw mechanism 18, measurer 19 and relevant motion, and system film instrument is a scraper 20.Slurry 2 is got by screw mechanism 18, through the outlet of measurer 19, extrudes and drops on green briquette 5 end faces, forms strip.Scraper 20 is contained in after the measurer 19, and move with scraper 20 after measurer 19 blankings in the slit that is separated by between scraper 20 bottoms and green briquette 5 end faces, and the slurry 2 that scraper 20 will drop on green briquette 5 end faces is wipeed off.The height that changes slit between scraper 20 bottoms and green briquette 5 end faces can be adjusted the thickness of slurry thin layer 7.
Workbench 6 comprises workseat 21, lifting platform 22 and relevant motion.Workseat 21 places on the lifting platform 22, and its function is for loading green briquette 5 and workpiece 12; Each make green compact thin layer 9 and sinter workpiece thin layer 11 into energy beam 10 after, lifting platform 22 promptly moves down the distance of one deck thickness of thin layer, to continue the work of another layer.
Infrared heater 8 is installed between frame 23 and the workseat 21, mat one reciprocator 24 when manufacture method needs heat drying, put in workseat 21 above, infrared energy is shone on slurry thin layer 7 in the mode that radiant heat passes, make it the rapid draing sclerosis.
Energy beam agglomerating plant 17 comprises the energy beam generation device, and energy beam scanning means two partly.The energy beam generation device is CO
2Laser machine 25 produces laser bundle 26, converts electric energy to luminous energy.The energy beam scanning means comprises energy beam guiding device, energy beam focusing arrangement and energy beam telecontrol equipment.The energy beam guiding device is a speculum 27, and laser Shu Jingyi is only fixing, two mobile speculums 27 change its direction, and can do the scanning on Quadratic Finite Element plane.The energy beam focusing arrangement is convex lens 28.The energy beam telecontrol equipment is an X-Y workbench 29, and X-Y workbench 29 moves at X-Y plane upper edge particular path through the laser bundle 26 that focuses on according to the instruction guiding of numerical control program, and the powder in the irradiation green compact makes it to link, and forms the section shape of workpiece.
Fig. 3 is the control system framework calcspar of 3 D workpiece rapid prototyping machine 15.The action of rapid prototyping machine 15 is controlled by heating motion controller 30, shop lamellar means controller 31, lifting platform controller 32, X-Y workbench controller 33; Energy control required when dry is controlled by heating and temperature control device 34, and during sintering the unlatching of essential laser light and close, watt level, pulse frequency regulated and control by laser controller 35.The sequencing of these actions is then controlled by a manufacture method computer 36.Manufacture method computer 36 is a personal computer, the 3 D workpiece physical model that three-dimensional drawing software such as PRO/E are drawn is cut into physical model with the precision of setting the two dimensional cross-section of multi-disc, after converting the NC program to, beginning to carry out 3 D workpiece makes, shop lamellar means controller 31 dischargings of order shop lamellar means 4 are to green briquette 5 end faces earlier, scraper 20 begins the setting speed motion according to shop lamellar means controller 31 subsequently, and acts on slurry, forms a slurry thin layer 7.The heating motion controller 30 of heater 8 is accepted manufacture method computer 36 when heat drying designated command one reciprocator 24 with heater 8 put in briquet 5 end faces above, infrared energy is shone on slurry thin layer 7, make it rapid draing and harden into and be green compact thin layer 9, the energy system of infrared radiation is by 34 regulation and control of heating and temperature control device; Coordinate again laser controller 35 and X-Y workbench controller 33 according to the instruction of NC program code with laser bundle 26 scanning green compact thin layer 9, sintering forms workpiece thin layer 11.After having scanned, notice lifting platform controller 32 descends lifting platform 22, continues the making of next section again, till finished product is finished.
The present invention includes various version of the present invention, as long as these change in the category of the claim of being stated and its thought of equal value.
Claims (40)
1, a kind of manufacture method of 3 D workpiece is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) with powder and organic glutinous agent, solvent, makes slurry;
(2) above-mentioned slurry is paved into the slurry thin layer in a qualification district, and makes this thin layer harden because of solvent evaporates;
(3) scan the above-mentioned thin layer that has hardened with energy beam according to specific path, make the zone intensification that was scanned on the above-mentioned thin layer and sinter workpiece thin layer into, and the section shape of this workpiece thin layer tool 3 D workpiece;
(4) repeating step (2), (3) be to pre-determined number, and make the stack layer of predetermined quantity, and these stack layers link mutually when being subjected to the scanning of step (3) energy beam, forms the shape of 3 D workpiece; And
(5) the sclerosis block that will scan sintering without energy beam is removed around the 3 D workpiece of sintering, obtains 3 D workpiece.
2, a kind of manufacture method of 3 D workpiece is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) with powder and organic glutinous agent, solvent, makes slurry;
(2) above-mentioned slurry is paved into the slurry thin layer in a qualification district, and makes this thin layer harden because of solvent evaporates;
(3) scan the above-mentioned thin layer that has hardened with energy beam according to specific path, make the zone intensification that was scanned on the above-mentioned thin layer and sinter rotten thin layer into, this rotten thin layer comprises the workpiece part and supports partly, the section shape of workpiece part tool 3 D workpiece;
(4) repeating step (2), (3) be to pre-determined number, and make the stack layer of predetermined quantity, and these stack layers link mutually when being subjected to the scanning of step (3) energy beam, forms the shape of 3 D workpiece and the shape of support; And
(5) will scan the sclerosis block of sintering and supporting construction without energy beam and around the 3 D workpiece of sintering, remove, obtain 3 D workpiece.
3, manufacture method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described powder is the composite powder of single powder or two or more powder.
4, manufacture method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described single powder is aluminium oxide, silica, zirconia, iron, stainless steel, copper, aluminium, nylon, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyethylene or polymethyl methacrylate.
5, manufacture method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the composite powder of described two or more powder is plastics and ceramic composite powder, plastics and composite metal powder, high-melting plastics and low melting point plastic composite powder, refractory metal and low-melting-point metal composite powder, high-melting-point pottery and low melting point ceramic composite powder or metal and ceramic composite powder.
6, manufacture method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described plastics and ceramic composite powder are polymethyl methacrylate coating alumina powder, upgrading polyvinyl alcohol coating alumina powder.
7, manufacture method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described solvent is water or organic solvent.
8, manufacture method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described organic glutinous agent comprises water-soluble organic glutinous agent and non-water-soluble organic glutinous agent.
9, manufacture method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described water-soluble organic glutinous agent is polyvinyl alcohol, starch, cellulose.
10, manufacture method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described non-water-soluble organic glutinous agent is a polyvinyl butyral.
11, manufacture method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: also comprise dispersant, defoamer and/or optical absorbing agent in the described slurry.
12, manufacture method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: it is that platen press and scraper forming process are scraped in rolling compaction method, slip that described slurry is limited the method that is paved into thin layer in the district one.
13, manufacture method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described slurry thin layer was heated and the rapid draing sclerosis before scanning according to specific path with energy beam in advance.
14, manufacture method according to claim 13 is characterized in that: described heating means are for being passed heating, pass heating or pass heating by the green briquette below to conduct heat with advection heat with radiant heat by the green briquette top.
15, manufacture method according to claim 14 is characterized in that: described radiant heat passes to be heated to be with luminous ray, infrared ray or microwave energy and heats the slurry thin layer.
16, manufacture method according to claim 14 is characterized in that: described advection heat passes to be heated to be and utilizes hot-air to heat the slurry thin layer for media.
17, manufacture method according to claim 14 is characterized in that: described conduction heat passes and is heated to be that the installing heater heats the slurry thin layer below work plate.
18, manufacture method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described energy beam is CO
2Laser bundle, Nd:YAG laser bundle.
19, manufacture method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described removal, or is soaked disintegrant and is added strength destruction for soaking disintegrant or destroy with strength without the method for the sclerosis block of energy beam scanning sintering and supporting construction.
20, manufacture method according to claim 19 is characterized in that: described disintegrant is water, organic solvent, strong acid or highly basic.
21, manufacture method according to claim 19 is characterized in that: described strength is ultrasonic vibrations.
22, a kind of utilization slurry manufacturing of containing organic adhesive, powder, solvent includes the equipment of the green briquette of 3 D workpiece, it is characterized in that: comprising:
One makes green compact thin layer equipment, comprises a shop lamellar means and a workbench; Described shop lamellar means and workbench are done the relative motion of certain distance, at workbench upper berth form slurry thin layer, and can make described thin layer be green compact thin layer because of the organic binder drying that links powder hardens in described slurry; Workbench is supported described thin layer;
One energy beam agglomerating plant comprises an energy beam generation device, with an energy beam scanning means; Wherein this energy beam scanner guiding energy bundle is in aforementioned green compact thin layer upper edge particular path motion, and above-mentioned green compact thin layer is heated up by the scanned zone of energy beam and sinters workpiece thin layer into.
23, equipment according to claim 22 is characterized in that: described manufacturing green compact thin layer equipment also comprises a heater, slurry thin layer Fast Heating is made it sclerosis.
24, equipment according to claim 22, it is characterized in that: described shop lamellar means comprises a slurry pressurized equipment, tipping one outlet is rectangular distributor, the long limit of outlet approximates the broadside of slurry thin layer, the slurry of extruding also is subjected to a scraper effect that is integrated in the shop lamellar means, does the motion of long side direction and forms the shape of slurry thin layer.
25, equipment according to claim 22, it is characterized in that: described shop lamellar means comprises a slurry pressurized equipment, be hinged with the pipe of a circle, the slurry of extruding and do the slurry thin layer broadside motion and form the strip of the broadside size of slurry thin layer, be subjected to a scraper effect that is integrated in the shop lamellar means again, do the motion of long side direction and form the shape of slurry thin layer.
26, equipment according to claim 22 is characterized in that: described shop lamellar means comprises:
One feedback materials device quantitatively is transported to the green briquette end face with slurry,
One system film instrument is laid on the green briquette end face with slurry with certain pressure.
27, equipment according to claim 26, it is characterized in that: described system film instrument is a roller, its height in the space can cooperate the operating position of energy beam and adjust, and can move in vertical direction, attached thereon one downward force application apparatus, the adjustable size of the application of force is so that expansion during slurry, can change the size of pressure.
28, equipment according to claim 26, it is characterized in that: described system film instrument is for splitting the shape plate, its plate face that acts on slurry becomes a small angle inclination with horizontal plane, its height in the space can cooperate the operating position of energy beam and adjust, and can move in vertical direction, pay a downward force application apparatus thereon, the adjustable size of the application of force, so that expansion during slurry, can change the size of pressure.
29, equipment according to claim 26 is characterized in that: described system film instrument is a scraper.
30, equipment according to claim 22 is characterized in that: described workbench comprises a workseat and lifting platform, workseat carrying green compact and workpiece, and lifting platform carrying workseat is done and is moved both vertically.
31, equipment according to claim 22 is characterized in that: described heater is an infrared heater, places the top of slurry thin layer to pass heating with radiant heat.
32, equipment according to claim 23 is characterized in that: described heater is the microwave generation device, places the top of slurry thin layer to pass heating with radiant heat.
33, equipment according to claim 23 is characterized in that: described heater is a Hot-air fan, places the top of slurry thin layer to pass heating with advection heat.
34, equipment according to claim 23 is characterized in that: described heater is a heating wire, places the below of green briquette to pass heating to conduct heat.
35, equipment according to claim 22 is characterized in that: described energy beam scanning means is a face mask projection arrangement.
36, equipment according to claim 22 is characterized in that: described energy beam scanning means comprises energy beam telecontrol equipment and energy beam focusing arrangement.
37, equipment according to claim 36 is characterized in that: described energy beam telecontrol equipment is the vibration mirror scanning machine, and energy beam changes its direction and can do the scanning on Quadratic Finite Element plane through the speculum of two rotations.
38, equipment according to claim 36 is characterized in that: described energy beam telecontrol equipment is the X-Y workbench, and energy beam changes its direction and can do the scanning on Quadratic Finite Element plane through two mobile speculums.
39, equipment according to claim 36 is characterized in that: described energy beam focusing arrangement is lens.
40, equipment according to claim 36 is characterized in that: described energy beam focusing arrangement is the face mirror.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008101665774A CN101422963A (en) | 2008-10-14 | 2008-10-14 | Manufacture method and device of three-dimensional workpiece |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008101665774A CN101422963A (en) | 2008-10-14 | 2008-10-14 | Manufacture method and device of three-dimensional workpiece |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101422963A true CN101422963A (en) | 2009-05-06 |
Family
ID=40613934
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008101665774A Pending CN101422963A (en) | 2008-10-14 | 2008-10-14 | Manufacture method and device of three-dimensional workpiece |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101422963A (en) |
Cited By (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102699324A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-10-03 | 湖北工业大学 | Novel method for plasma deposition modeling under ceramic mold restriction |
| CN103419270A (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2013-12-04 | 台北科技大学 | Method for producing inorganic green body with three-dimensional profile |
| CN103640220A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-03-19 | 舟山市定海区巨洋技术开发有限公司 | Novel 3D (three dimensional) numerical-control printing and manufacturing device |
| CN103909268A (en) * | 2014-04-19 | 2014-07-09 | 张远明 | Large-size solid-state free forming printer for metal powder slurry and printing method |
| CN104064106A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-09-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Experiential engineering graphics model test platform |
| CN104059427A (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2014-09-24 | 江苏天一超细金属粉末有限公司 | Solvent based ink for printing of metal and ceramic products |
| CN104057084A (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2014-09-24 | 江苏天一超细金属粉末有限公司 | Water-soluble ink for printing metal and ceramic products |
| CN105008073A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2015-10-28 | 联合工艺公司 | Build platforms for additive manufacturing |
| CN105408091A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-03-16 | 斯特拉塔西斯公司 | Ceramic support structure |
| CN105834422A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-08-10 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Method and device for manufacturing metal additive materials |
| CN105837219A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-10 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Preparation method of silicon carbide ceramic part |
| CN105837216A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-10 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Preparation method of ceramic part |
| CN105837214A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-10 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Preparation method of graphene product |
| US20160271696A1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-22 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Three-dimensional forming apparatus and three-dimensional forming method |
| CN106041072A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2016-10-26 | 西门子能源公司 | Laser additive manufacturing using filler material suspended in liquid carrier |
| US9533350B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2017-01-03 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Device and method for powder distribution and additive manufacturing method using the same |
| CN106334793A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-01-18 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Method for Producing Parts with Tantalum and Tantalum Alloy |
| CN106392067A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2017-02-15 | 武汉理工大学 | Selective laser fusing equipment based on wet-process powder spreading and printing process thereof |
| CN106475557A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2017-03-08 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Three-dimensionally formed device, three-dimensionally formed method and three-dimensionally formed thing |
| CN106513673A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-22 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Manufacturing method of metal member |
| WO2017180314A1 (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-10-19 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Additive fabrication with support structures |
| CN107282922A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-24 | 通用电气公司 | Increasing material manufacturing constructs the rotatable engagement of plate |
| US10000011B1 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-19 | Markforged, Inc. | Supports for sintering additively manufactured parts |
| CN108188399A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-22 | 中北大学 | A kind of selective laser melting shapes feeding device |
| CN108260348A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2018-07-06 | 西门子股份公司 | For manufacturing the method to manufacture workpiece, corresponding workpiece by production |
| CN108602118A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2018-09-28 | 爱德曼技术欧洲公司 | The increasing material manufacturing of metal object |
| JP2019501292A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2019-01-17 | アッドアップ | Additive manufacturing machine with powder distribution system with tray and injector |
| CN109263085A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-25 | 广州阿旺斯复合材料技术有限公司 | A kind of thermoplastic composite extrusion device and die press technology for forming |
| CN109396432A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2019-03-01 | 三维陶瓷-新东股份公司 | The method and machine of ceramic material or metal material are manufactured by increases material manufacturing technology |
| CN110394976A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2019-11-01 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Utilize the manufacturing method of stacking moulding Zhi Chengcai and the sandwich and stacking moulder of heat fusing layered manner |
| US10464131B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2019-11-05 | Markforged, Inc. | Rapid debinding via internal fluid channels |
| US10800108B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2020-10-13 | Markforged, Inc. | Sinterable separation material in additive manufacturing |
| CN111872397A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-03 | 吉林大学 | Metal 3D printing method |
| CN112497735A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-03-16 | 管彩琴 | Multi-nozzle linkage type mechanical three-dimensional printer based on hierarchical contour coupling |
| CN113733554A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-03 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for forming high molecular parts by microwave and infrared radiation in composite mode |
| CN114632668A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-17 | 李红莲 | EPS lines mud scraping device for directional installation |
| US11969795B2 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2024-04-30 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Forming an interface layer for removable support |
-
2008
- 2008-10-14 CN CNA2008101665774A patent/CN101422963A/en active Pending
Cited By (69)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10675655B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2020-06-09 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Device and method for powder distribution and additive manufacturing method using the same |
| US9533350B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2017-01-03 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Device and method for powder distribution and additive manufacturing method using the same |
| CN102699324A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-10-03 | 湖北工业大学 | Novel method for plasma deposition modeling under ceramic mold restriction |
| CN103419270A (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2013-12-04 | 台北科技大学 | Method for producing inorganic green body with three-dimensional profile |
| CN103419270B (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2016-01-20 | 台北科技大学 | Method for producing inorganic green body with three-dimensional profile |
| CN105008073A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2015-10-28 | 联合工艺公司 | Build platforms for additive manufacturing |
| US10272592B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2019-04-30 | Stratasys, Inc. | Ceramic support structure |
| CN105408091A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-03-16 | 斯特拉塔西斯公司 | Ceramic support structure |
| US10022889B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-07-17 | Stratasys, Inc. | Ceramic support structure |
| US10059031B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-08-28 | Stratasys, Inc. | Ceramic support structure |
| CN105408091B (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2018-12-18 | 斯特拉塔西斯公司 | Ceramic support structure |
| CN104057084A (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2014-09-24 | 江苏天一超细金属粉末有限公司 | Water-soluble ink for printing metal and ceramic products |
| CN104059427A (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2014-09-24 | 江苏天一超细金属粉末有限公司 | Solvent based ink for printing of metal and ceramic products |
| CN103640220B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-12-02 | 舟山市定海区巨洋技术开发有限公司 | Novel 3D numerical control prints manufacturing equipment |
| CN103640220A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-03-19 | 舟山市定海区巨洋技术开发有限公司 | Novel 3D (three dimensional) numerical-control printing and manufacturing device |
| CN103909268A (en) * | 2014-04-19 | 2014-07-09 | 张远明 | Large-size solid-state free forming printer for metal powder slurry and printing method |
| CN110394976A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2019-11-01 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Utilize the manufacturing method of stacking moulding Zhi Chengcai and the sandwich and stacking moulder of heat fusing layered manner |
| CN110394976B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2021-08-27 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Support material for laminated molding by hot-melt lamination method, laminated product, and method for producing laminated molded product |
| CN104064106A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-09-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Experiential engineering graphics model test platform |
| US20160271696A1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-22 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Three-dimensional forming apparatus and three-dimensional forming method |
| JP2016172893A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-29 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Three-dimensional formation device and three-dimensional formation method |
| CN105983696A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-10-05 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Three-dimensional forming apparatus and three-dimensional forming method |
| CN106041072B (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2018-11-09 | 西门子能源公司 | It is manufactured using the laser gain material for suspending packing material in a liquid carrier |
| CN106041072A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2016-10-26 | 西门子能源公司 | Laser additive manufacturing using filler material suspended in liquid carrier |
| CN106475557A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2017-03-08 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Three-dimensionally formed device, three-dimensionally formed method and three-dimensionally formed thing |
| CN106513673B (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2019-02-22 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | The manufacturing method of metal component |
| CN106513673A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-22 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Manufacturing method of metal member |
| CN108260348A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2018-07-06 | 西门子股份公司 | For manufacturing the method to manufacture workpiece, corresponding workpiece by production |
| CN108602118A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2018-09-28 | 爱德曼技术欧洲公司 | The increasing material manufacturing of metal object |
| JP2019501292A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2019-01-17 | アッドアップ | Additive manufacturing machine with powder distribution system with tray and injector |
| CN106392067A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2017-02-15 | 武汉理工大学 | Selective laser fusing equipment based on wet-process powder spreading and printing process thereof |
| CN106392067B (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2019-01-22 | 武汉理工大学 | Selective laser fusion apparatus and its printing technology based on wet process powdering |
| CN105837219A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-10 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Preparation method of silicon carbide ceramic part |
| CN105837216A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-10 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Preparation method of ceramic part |
| CN105837214A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-10 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Preparation method of graphene product |
| CN107282922A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-24 | 通用电气公司 | Increasing material manufacturing constructs the rotatable engagement of plate |
| US10456833B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2019-10-29 | Desktop Metals, Inc. | Shrinkable support structures |
| WO2017180314A1 (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-10-19 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Additive fabrication with support structures |
| US10272492B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2019-04-30 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Multi-part removable support structures |
| US11597011B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2023-03-07 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Printer for the three-dimensional fabrication |
| US9833839B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2017-12-05 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Fabricating an interface layer for removable support |
| US10350682B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2019-07-16 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Sinterable article with removable support structures |
| US9815118B1 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2017-11-14 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Fabricating multi-part assemblies |
| CN109874324A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2019-06-11 | 德仕托金属有限公司 | The three-dimensional manufacture carried out by the local activation bonding of sinterable powder |
| CN105834422A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-08-10 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Method and device for manufacturing metal additive materials |
| CN106334793A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-01-18 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Method for Producing Parts with Tantalum and Tantalum Alloy |
| CN106334793B (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-09-25 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of tantalum and tantalum alloy part |
| US10040241B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2018-08-07 | Markforged, Inc. | Supports for sintering additively manufactured parts |
| US10800108B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2020-10-13 | Markforged, Inc. | Sinterable separation material in additive manufacturing |
| US10000011B1 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-19 | Markforged, Inc. | Supports for sintering additively manufactured parts |
| US10377082B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2019-08-13 | Markforged, Inc. | Supports for sintering additively manufactured parts |
| US10377083B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2019-08-13 | Markforged, Inc. | Supports for sintering additively manufactured parts |
| US10391714B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2019-08-27 | Markforged, Inc. | Supports for sintering additively manufactured parts |
| US10052815B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2018-08-21 | Markforged, Inc. | Supports for sintering additively manufactured parts |
| US10040242B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2018-08-07 | Markforged, Inc. | Supports for sintering additively manufactured parts |
| US10464131B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2019-11-05 | Markforged, Inc. | Rapid debinding via internal fluid channels |
| US10556384B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2020-02-11 | Markforged, Inc. | Supports for sintering additively manufactured parts |
| US10035298B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2018-07-31 | Markforged, Inc. | Supports for sintering additively manufactured parts |
| US11173550B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2021-11-16 | Markforged, Inc. | Supports for sintering additively manufactured parts |
| US10828698B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2020-11-10 | Markforged, Inc. | Additive manufacturing with heat-flexed material feeding |
| US11969795B2 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2024-04-30 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Forming an interface layer for removable support |
| CN109396432B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2021-03-30 | 三维陶瓷-新东股份公司 | Method and machine for manufacturing ceramic or metallic materials by additive manufacturing techniques |
| CN109396432A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2019-03-01 | 三维陶瓷-新东股份公司 | The method and machine of ceramic material or metal material are manufactured by increases material manufacturing technology |
| CN108188399A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-22 | 中北大学 | A kind of selective laser melting shapes feeding device |
| CN109263085A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-25 | 广州阿旺斯复合材料技术有限公司 | A kind of thermoplastic composite extrusion device and die press technology for forming |
| CN112497735A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-03-16 | 管彩琴 | Multi-nozzle linkage type mechanical three-dimensional printer based on hierarchical contour coupling |
| CN111872397A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-03 | 吉林大学 | Metal 3D printing method |
| CN113733554A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-03 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for forming high molecular parts by microwave and infrared radiation in composite mode |
| CN114632668A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-17 | 李红莲 | EPS lines mud scraping device for directional installation |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101422963A (en) | Manufacture method and device of three-dimensional workpiece | |
| US20100323301A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for making three-dimensional parts | |
| Ziaee et al. | Binder jetting: A review of process, materials, and methods | |
| US20220024068A1 (en) | 3d printing method using slip | |
| TWI228114B (en) | Method and equipment for making ceramic work piece | |
| CN101612793A (en) | Make the method and apparatus of 3 D workpiece | |
| CN107553899B (en) | Recoating unit, recoating method, device and method for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects | |
| KR102334945B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for additive manufacturing of powder materials | |
| AU2018262560B2 (en) | Molding method and apparatus, particularly applicable to metal and/or ceramics | |
| EP3261841B1 (en) | Additive manufacturing processes for making transparent 3d parts from inorganic materials | |
| CN105855546B (en) | Twin-laser two-region metal melting sinter molding 3D printing device and Method of printing | |
| CN105451950B (en) | The addition of proppant manufactures | |
| CN106007723B (en) | A kind of manufacturing method of SiC ceramic biscuit | |
| CA2228721A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for constructing three-dimensional bodies from laminations | |
| JP2001517168A (en) | Method and apparatus for manufacturing three-dimensional object | |
| CN108943323A (en) | A kind of ceramics 3D printer | |
| CN205033593U (en) | Laser ray array 3D printing apparatus | |
| CN109676747A (en) | A kind of more material ceramics photocuring print system mechanisms and crude green body preparation method | |
| EP2263861A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for making three-dimensional parts | |
| CN107847306A (en) | The method for preparing dental articles | |
| CN108405865A (en) | A kind of 3D printing method of dusty material | |
| US20060119017A1 (en) | Method for making ceramic work piece and cermet work piece | |
| Tang et al. | Ceramic laser gelling | |
| US20040075197A1 (en) | Method for rapid forming of a ceramic green part | |
| TW200936365A (en) | Process and apparatus for making three dimensional parts |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Open date: 20090506 |