CN101417388B - Preparation method of light high-intensity aluminum base home-position composite material for cable bridge frame - Google Patents
Preparation method of light high-intensity aluminum base home-position composite material for cable bridge frame Download PDFInfo
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- CN101417388B CN101417388B CN2008102437173A CN200810243717A CN101417388B CN 101417388 B CN101417388 B CN 101417388B CN 2008102437173 A CN2008102437173 A CN 2008102437173A CN 200810243717 A CN200810243717 A CN 200810243717A CN 101417388 B CN101417388 B CN 101417388B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation technology of aluminum-matrix in-situ composites, in particular to a preparation method of light-weight high-strength aluminum-matrix in-situ composites used in cable testing bridges. The method includes the following specific steps: alloy is melted according to requirements of mixture ratios of components of aluminium alloy 6061, 6063 or 6070; mischmetal with the mass of 0.2 to 0.4 percent of that of the aluminium alloy is added and reaction materials of the composites are added through a dusting device for reaction synthesis of particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composites; chemical constituents are adjusted on grounds of demand; Al-5Ti-1B wires with the mass of 0.15 to 0.20 percent of that of the aluminium alloy are added for refining treatment and then semicontinuous casting; ingots are carried out homogenization treatment; and the testing bridges are obtained through the technologies of hot extrusion and hot treatment. The invention is simple and convenient in technology and controllable in constitution of the composites and the combination property of the bridges of the particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composites is obviously improved, thus meeting requirements of more high-standard construction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the aluminum-based in-situ composite materials technology of preparing, gather by fusant reaction synthetic technology under the electromagnetic field and semi-continuous casting technology in particular to a kind of, the preparation submicron particles strengthens 6061,6063 or 6070 Al-alloy based in-situ composite bars, through technical process such as homogenising processing, hot extrusion, heat treatments, produce the method for high-grade cable testing bridge then with aluminum matrix composite.
Background technology
Cable testing bridge is an important matched structural during electrical engineering is installed.China's cable testing bridge technology in 20th century 70, the eighties successively from external introduction and develop rapidly.The cable testing bridge that uses generally adopts steel design at present, but the steel cable testing bridge easily is corroded, the life-span short, needs the periodic maintenance maintenance, lays a large amount of cables above the installation back in addition, and maintenance difficulty is big, brings many trouble and worry and trouble to the user.Along with the raising of construction quality requirement, to also having higher requirement the service life of cable testing bridge.Along with the continuous development of aluminum alloy materials, domestic part enterprise is with reference to foreign standard, and in conjunction with China's national situation, the aluminium alloy cable crane span structure that adopts new construction, new technology to develop has characteristics such as corrosion-resistant, in light weight, good looking appearance easy for installation.
Aluminium alloy cable crane span structure generally is made of terraced limit longeron and crosspiece.Be divided into by cable testing bridge longeron form: A type (the high 60mm of longeron), Type B (the high 100mm of longeron), C type (the high 150mm of longeron).A, B, C type are called light-duty, heavy, scale-up version respectively.Be divided into by the processing assembly shape: curved logical, the threeway of straightway, level, four-way, curved logical etc. vertically, carry out choose reasonable for laying different paths.Version by cable testing bridge can be divided into ladder, truss (porose and atresia).The specification of crane span structure fabric width 100～1000mm scope is by interval 100mm unit stepping.
At present the crane span structure aluminum alloy materials that adopts mostly is 6061,6063 trades mark, and strength character is lower, is difficult to satisfy the needs that high standard is built, as the needs of occasions such as anti-freezing, snow disaster or big load.High performance cable crane span structure product often requires selected material to have higher specific strength, improved comprehensive mechanical performance.The particle-reinforced aluminum base in-situ composite directly forms from matrix owing to strengthening body, strengthen between body and the matrix and have the good interface matching relationship, make it have good comprehensive performances, sub-micron granule strengthening aluminum base in-situ composite particularly, have characteristics such as specific strength height, designability are strong, be fit to very much the cable testing bridge Products Development and use.Yet it is many that the cable testing bridge product is formed member, the manufacturing process more complicated, and the particle-reinforced aluminum base in-situ composite is applied to the cable testing bridge product does not also have relevant report.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the lower deficiency of aluminum current alloy crane span structure product strength performance, adopt the synthetic integrated technology with semi-continuous casting of fusant reaction under the electromagnetic field, developed the sub-micron granule strengthening aluminum base composite material that is used for cable testing bridge.
Particularly be:
According to 6061,6063 or 6070 al alloy component ratio requirement molten alloy; The mishmetal that adds aluminium alloy quality 0.2～0.4%, and by dusting device adding composite reaction raw materials, the reaction of carrying out particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is synthetic; Adjust chemical composition as required; The Al-5Ti-1B aluminium titanium boron wire that adds aluminium alloy quality 0.15～0.20% carries out thinning processing, carries out semi-continuous casting then; Then ingot casting being carried out homogenising handles; Obtain the aluminum matrix composite crane span structure through hot extrusion technique and Technology for Heating Processing again.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, the molten alloy process is: after the raw material for the treatment of aluminium alloy or preparation aluminium alloy melts fully, be warming up to 760 ℃, leave standstill 15～20min after slowly stirring; Adopt part to reserve aluminium ingot and cool to 740 ℃, injection refining is handled 10～15min in the stove, leaves standstill 10～15min.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, the reaction building-up process of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is: under electromagnetic field in the fusant reaction synthesizer, add the composite reaction raw materials by podwer gun, addition is advisable 3～8% with the theoretical volume mark of the enhancing particle that assurance generates; Add electromagnetic field while dusting and stir, leave standstill 8～12min after the end of dusting.
Above-mentioned preparation method, reaction raw materials is can generate salt or the compound that strengthens particle with the reaction of aluminium liquid, as ZrCO
3Or ZrO powder.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, electromagnetic field refers to guarantee to strengthen particle equally distributed all kinds electromagnetic field in aluminum melt, and as pulse electromagnetic field, electromagnetic field of high frequency, electromagnetic field intensity is 0.05～0.20T.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, the process of adjusting chemical composition is: if composition measurement result and alloy designations composition require to exist deviation, then add Al-Mg intermediate alloy or pure Mg and Al-Zn intermediate alloy or pure Zn, meet trade mark requirement until alloy composition according to actual conditions.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, the semi-continuous casting process is: adopt the twin-stage foam ceramic filter, and semi-continuous casting, pouring temperature is controlled at 690～715 ℃;
Above-mentioned preparation method, the homogenising treatment process is: after the ingot casting cooling, handled 6 hours 560 ℃ of homogenising, forced air-cooling or water-cooled to 250 ℃ then, cooling velocity guarantees at 350-500 ℃/h, stops 0.5h, again below the water-cooled to 50 ℃.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, hot extrusion technique is: 480～500 ℃ of forward extrusion ingot casting heating-up temperatures, 450～470 ℃ of mold temperatures, 400～450 ℃ of recipient preheat temperatures; 500～540 ℃ of discharging opening temperature; Extrusion speed (the die orifice rate of outflow) 8～10m/min.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, Technology for Heating Processing is: T6 handles or online shrend+Ageing Treatment, that is: 1) T6 handles, and 545 ± 5 ℃ of solution treatment be incubateds 2 hours, quenching then, and water temperature is not higher than 40 ℃; Institution of prescription is 170 ℃, 6h.2) online shrend+Ageing Treatment, the tank press quenching is adopted in the extrusion die exit, and outlet temperature is not less than 520 ℃, and water temperature is not higher than 40 ℃; Institution of prescription is 170 ℃, 6h.
Adopt technical method of the present invention, have following advantage:
1) technology is easy, adopts ripe at present production technology fully, does not need substantially existing process equipment is transformed;
2) formation of composite is controlled, and the mechanical property of material can require rationally to adjust according to practice of construction;
The combination property of the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material crane span structure of 3) being produced obviously improves, and can satisfy more high standard requirements on Construction.
The specific embodiment
The present invention can implement according to following example, but is not limited to following example.
Embodiment 1
Prepare 6061 alloy 1000Kg, in gas-fired air furnace, carry out melting, treat to be warming up to 760 ℃ after furnace charge melts fully, leave standstill 15min after slowly stirring.Adopt part 6061 alloy pigs to cool to 740 ℃, injection refining is handled 10min in the stove, leaves standstill 20min again.Add Al-10RE% intermediate alloy 20Kg, add 80Kg composite reaction raw materials ZrCO by dusting device
3, adding pulse electromagnetic field while dusting and stir, the average electrical magnetic field intensity is 0.2T; Leave standstill 12min after having sprayed, the Al-Mg intermediate alloy that adds 2Kg is then adjusted alloy composition.Add Al-5Ti-1B aluminium titanium boron wire 1.5Kg and carry out thinning processing, adopt the twin-stage foam ceramic filter, carry out semi-continuous casting at 715 ℃ then.After the ingot casting cooling, handled 6 hours 560 ℃ of homogenising, be cooled fast to 250 ℃ by water-cooled then, cooling velocity guarantees at 500 ℃/h, stops 0.5h, again below the water-cooled to 50 ℃.500 ℃ of forward extrusion ingot casting heating-up temperatures, 470 ℃ of mold temperatures, 450 ℃ of recipient preheat temperatures; 500 ℃ of discharging opening temperature; Extrusion speed (the die orifice rate of outflow) 8m/min.Extrudate reheats 540 ℃, is incubated 2 hours, carries out shrend then, and the quenching water temperature is not higher than 40 ℃, then at 170 ℃ of timeliness 6h.In the crane span structure material that is obtained, the Al of generation
2O
3, Al
3The Zr particle is tiny, and disperse distributes on matrix, and intensity is brought up to 340MPa, and percentage elongation is 11%.
Embodiment 2
According to the composition requirement of 6063 alloys, prepare fine aluminium ingot 970Kg, Al-20wt%Si alloy 20Kg, cathode copper 1Kg, in gas-fired air furnace, carry out melting, treat to be warming up to 760 ℃ after furnace charge melts fully, leave standstill 18min after slowly stirring; Adopt part to reserve aluminium ingot and cool to 740 ℃, injection refining is handled 13min in the stove, leaves standstill 25min again.Add 50Kg composite reaction raw materials ZrCO by dusting device
3, adding the electromagnetic field of high frequency while dusting and stir, the average electrical magnetic field intensity is 0.12T, leaves standstill 10min after the end of dusting, magnesium ingot 8Kg, Al-10wt%Zn intermediate alloy 10Kg adjust alloy composition then.Add Al-5Ti-1B aluminium titanium boron wire 2Kg and carry out thinning processing, adopt the twin-stage foam ceramic filter, carry out semi-continuous casting at 700 ℃.After the ingot casting cooling, handled 6 hours 560 ℃ of homogenising, forced air-cooling is cooled fast to 250 ℃ then, and cooling velocity guarantees at 350 ℃/h, stops 0.5h, again below the water-cooled to 50 ℃.490 ℃ of forward extrusion ingot casting heating-up temperatures, 460 ℃ of mold temperatures, 430 ℃ of recipient preheat temperatures; 520 ℃ of discharging opening temperature; Extrusion speed (the die orifice rate of outflow) 9m/min.Reheat 550 ℃, be incubated 2 hours, shrend, the quenching water temperature is not higher than 40 ℃, then at 170 ℃ of timeliness 6h.In the crane span structure material that is obtained, the Al of generation
2O
3, Al
3The Zr particle is tiny, and disperse distributes on matrix, and intensity is brought up to 320MPa, and percentage elongation is 12%.
Embodiment 3
Composition according to 6070 alloys requires to prepare fine aluminium ingot 900Kg, Al-20wt%Si alloy 60Kg, cathode copper 3Kg, carries out melting in gas-fired air furnace, treats to be warming up to 760 ℃ after furnace charge melts fully, leaves standstill 20min after slowly stirring; Adopt part to reserve aluminium ingot and cool to 740 ℃, injection refining is handled 15min in the stove, leaves standstill 30min again.Add 40Kg composite reaction raw materials ZrO powder by dusting device, add the electromagnetic field of high frequency stirs while dusting, the average electrical magnetic field intensity is 0.05T, leaves standstill 8min after having sprayed, and adds Al-20wt%Mg intermediate alloy 40Kg, pure zinc 2Kg then and adjusts alloy composition.Add Al-5Ti-1B aluminium titanium boron wire 1.8Kg and carry out thinning processing, 715 ℃ are carried out semi-continuous casting.After the ingot casting cooling, handled 6 hours 560 ℃ of homogenising, be cooled fast to 250 ℃ with powerful air-flow then, cooling velocity guarantees at 400 ℃/h, stops 0.5h, again below the water-cooled to 50 ℃.480 ℃ of forward extrusion ingot casting heating-up temperatures, 460 ℃ of mold temperatures, 420 ℃ of recipient preheat temperatures; 530 ℃ of discharging opening temperature; Extrusion speed (the die orifice rate of outflow) 10m/min.The tank press quenching is adopted in the extrusion die exit, and water temperature keeps not being higher than 40 ℃, then at 170 ℃ of timeliness 6h.In the crane span structure material that is obtained, the Al of generation
2O
3, Al
3The Zr particle is tiny, and disperse distributes on matrix, and intensity is brought up to 380MPa, and percentage elongation is 10%.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation method of a light high-intensity aluminum base home-position composite material for cable bridge frame, be specially: according to 6061,6063 or 6070 al alloy component ratio requirement molten alloy, the molten alloy process is: treat aluminium alloy or the preparation aluminium alloy raw material melt fully after, be warming up to 760 ℃, leave standstill 15～20min after slowly stirring; Adopt part to reserve aluminium ingot and cool to 740 ℃, injection refining is handled 10～15min in the stove, leaves standstill 10～15min; The mishmetal that adds aluminium alloy quality 0.2～0.4%, and the reaction of carrying out particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is synthetic, the reaction building-up process of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is: under electromagnetic field in the fusant reaction synthesizer, add composite reaction raw materials ZrCO3 or ZrO by podwer gun, addition with the theoretical volume mark of the enhancing particle that guarantees to generate 3～8%; Add electromagnetic field while dusting and stir, leave standstill 8～12min after the end of dusting; Adjust chemical composition as required; The Al-5Ti-1B aluminium titanium boron wire that adds aluminium alloy quality 0.15～0.20% carries out thinning processing, carries out the semi-continuous casting process then, and the semi-continuous casting process is: adopt the twin-stage foam ceramic filter, and semi-continuous casting, pouring temperature is controlled at 690～715 ℃; Then ingot casting is carried out homogenising and handle, the homogenising treatment process is: after the ingot casting cooling, handled 6 hours 560 ℃ of homogenising, and forced air-cooling or water-cooled to 250 ℃ then, cooling velocity guarantees at 350-500 ℃/h, stops 0.5h, again below the water-cooled to 50 ℃; Obtain the aluminum matrix composite crane span structure through hot extrusion technique and Technology for Heating Processing again; Hot extrusion technique is: 480～500 ℃ of forward extrusion ingot casting heating-up temperatures, 450～470 ℃ of mold temperatures, 400～450 ℃ of recipient preheat temperatures; 500～540 ℃ of discharging opening temperature; Extrusion speed 8～10m/min; Technology for Heating Processing is: T6 handles or online shrend+Ageing Treatment, that is: 1) T6 handles, and 545 ± 5 ℃ of solution treatment be incubateds 2 hours, quenching then, and water temperature is not higher than 40 ℃; Institution of prescription is 170 ℃, 6h, 2) online shrend+Ageing Treatment, the tank press quenching is adopted in the extrusion die exit, and outlet temperature is not less than 520 ℃, and water temperature is not higher than 40 ℃; Institution of prescription is 170 ℃, 6h.
2. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: electromagnetic field refers to strengthen particle equally distributed all kinds electromagnetic field in aluminum melt for guaranteeing, electromagnetic field intensity is 0.05～0.20T.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the process of adjusting chemical composition is: if composition measurement result and alloy designations composition require to exist deviation, then add the Al-Mg intermediate alloy according to actual conditions, or pure Mg and Al-Zn intermediate alloy, meet trade mark requirement until alloy composition.
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