CN101399564A - Dual-time collaboration detection method for sensing idle frequency spectrum in radio frequency - Google Patents
Dual-time collaboration detection method for sensing idle frequency spectrum in radio frequency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention applies for protecting a double coordination detection method for vacant frequency spectrum detection in a cognitive radio system, relating to a radio communication system. The method is as follows: a plurality of cognitive users which take part in coordination in a traditional coordination detection algorithm are partitioned into different groups; a cognitive user needing communication is a group leader of the group; then the purposes of reducing spending of a control channel and improving detection performance of a system are gained by coordination within groups and coordination between groups. The users within the group locally judge by using an energy-check algorithm whether a master user signal exists in a certain frequency band authorized to the master user and transmits a local judgment result to the group leader. The group leader syncretizes the local judgments to make a group judgment result. A cognitive base station further syncretizes the group judgment result to make judgment, thus getting the final judgment of the system. Bit numbers of the judgment result transmitted to the cognitive base station are largely reduced by using the method, thus greatly saving bandwidth of the control channel, and detection performance is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology, relate in particular to the cognitive radio power technology.
Background technology
Cognitive radio is a kind of radio system, ambient conditions around it can automatically detect, the variation of the parameter of Adjustment System to conform intelligently, under the condition that authorized user (hereinafter referred is main user) is not caused interference from the space, utilize the idle frequency spectrum resource to communicate to multidimensional such as frequency, time.In the system for cognitive radio, the idle frequency spectrum detection technique is the key technology that can decision cognitive radio power technology be realized.The idle frequency spectrum detection algorithm mainly can be divided into two big classes: the cooperative detection algorithm that the multi-user cooperates and single user's local frequency spectrum detection algorithm.
Whether in the cooperative detection algorithm, exist main subscriber signal to judge the user mode of frequency spectrum in main user's transmitting terminal detects the signal that to be the perception user listen to by analysis, it is the detection under the main user's receiving terminal of a kind of the unknown situation.Algorithm commonly used has matched filter detection algorithm, energy detection algorithm and cyclostationary characteristic detection algorithm.Main user's receiving terminal detects for main user's transmitting terminal detects, and it is to judge by judging that main user's receiving terminal is whether in running order whether main custom system is using the method for spectrum, of interest.The algorithm that main user's receiving terminal commonly used detects: local oscillator leak detection and based on the detection of interference temperature.
Owing to can not directly carry out Signalling exchange between cognitive radio user (hereinafter referred is the perception user) and the main user, so the enforcement of frequency spectrum detection work can only lean on the perception user that the intercepting and capturing of main subscriber signal are detected.In the process that main subscriber signal is intercepted and captured, inevitably be subjected to the influence of factors such as multipath, shade and local interference, detect insecure phenomenon appearance thereby increased single perception user, in order to overcome this problem, a plurality of perception user collaborations have been detected as an urgent demand.Cooperative detection is meant that a plurality of perception users cooperate with each other and the detection carried out, and it judges more accurately by the detection information that merges a plurality of perception users whether main user exists.Tradition/single cooperative detection algorithm implementation process was divided into for two steps: each user of the first step carries out local detection algorithm earlier, makes main user and exists or the non-existent judgement of main user; Second step: perception user's court verdict is sent to aware base station, and the final judgement whether main user exists is made again by different fusion criterions in the base station.
Document [A.Ghasemi and E.S.Sousa, " Collaborative spectrumsensing for opportunistic access in fading environments; " in Proc.1st IEEE Symp.New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, Baltimore, USA, Nov.8-11,2005, pp:131-136] a kind of method of cooperative detection is disclosed, we are referred to as tradition/single cooperative detection.Tradition/single cooperative detection algorithm is better than local frequency spectrum detection algorithm on performance, but in cooperative detection, the perception user needs control channel to come to transmit court verdict to aware base station, and this control channel is that band is limit generally speaking.(simple scenario is 1 bit even each perception user is only with court verdict, as " 0 " or " 1 " respectively correspondence do not have main user or have main user) send aware base station to, when participation users in collaboration quantity is very big, their required control channel bandwidth also can be very big, can too much busy channel resource.Here we have proposed a kind of two cooperative detection methods, and with the contrast of single cooperative detection algorithm, the bandwidth of not only having saved the control channel of system for cognitive radio, and the detection performance also is greatly improved.
Summary of the invention
The perception user needs control channel to come to transmit local court verdict to aware base station in the cooperative detection, and this control channel is that band is limit generally speaking.In tradition/single cooperative detection, all users in collaboration all need to transmit local court verdict to aware base station, and when participation users in collaboration quantity was very big, their required control channel bandwidth also can be very big.The present invention is directed to that a plurality of perception users send the court verdict of oneself to base station respectively in tradition/single cooperative detection algorithm, cause the heavy problem of band-limited control channel burden, a kind of two cooperative detection algorithms of idle frequency spectrum perception have been proposed, the system for cognitive radio that is fit to have aware base station.
The technical scheme that the present invention addresses the above problem is, a kind of two cooperation idle frequency spectrum cognitive methods are proposed, this method specifically comprises: two perception users of (1) needs communication shake hands by aware base station, success latter two perception user respectively around own certain limit (its radius is generally less than two distances between the perception user) send the idle frequency spectrum of cooperating and detect request, form a collaboration frequency spectrum all perception users of this scope and detect the group.Like this, have two collaboration frequency spectrums to detect the group, needing the perception user of communication is the cluster of this group.(2) collaboration frequency spectrum detects in the group each perception user and adopts method such as energy detection algorithm as local frequency spectrum detection algorithm, locally judges whether there is main subscriber signal on certain frequency range that licenses to main user, and local judged result is sent to cluster.Cluster is collected this locality judgement of each perception user in this group, merges these local court verdicts according to OR criterion or AND criterion and makes group court verdict.(3) cluster is sent group's court verdict into the aware base station fusion, forms the decision statistic amount of aware base station, at the aware base station place group's court verdict is further adopted OR criterion or the judgement of AND criterion, thereby obtains the conclusive judgement of system for cognitive radio.
In two cooperative detection methods, has only the perception user (cluster) who needs communication but not all perception users' court verdict is delivered to the base station, reduce the court verdict bit number that passes to aware base station to a great extent, so just saved the bandwidth of control channel greatly.Detect performance with the contrast of single cooperative detection algorithm and also be greatly improved, solve the problem of frequency spectrum resource scarcity.
Description of drawings
Two perception users of Fig. 1 shake hands and form collaboration frequency spectrum and detect group's schematic diagram.
The energy detection algorithm schematic diagram that the local detection algorithm of Fig. 2 adopts.
The schematic block diagram of two cooperative detection of Fig. 3.
Following pair cooperative detection algorithm of Fig. 4 OR fusion rule and single cooperative detection algorithm ROC are relatively.
Following pair cooperative detection algorithm of Fig. 5 AND fusion rule and single cooperative detection algorithm ROC are relatively.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of two cooperative detection methods, perception user in the group adopts the local judgements of conduct such as energy detection algorithm, this locality judges on certain frequency range that licenses to main user whether have main subscriber signal, cluster is collected this locality judgement of each perception user in this group, and carry out the group and adjudicate, group's court verdict is sent to aware base station, as the decision statistic amount of aware base station.Now enforcement of the present invention is further described in detail at accompanying drawing and instantiation.
The first step needs a perception user of communication to send and another perception user's communications request to aware base station, and two perception users that need communicate by letter by aware base station shake hands.Being illustrated in figure 1 as two perception users shakes hands and forms collaboration frequency spectrum and detect group's schematic diagram.Need communicate with the perception user CR1 among the group 2 as the perception user CRN among the group 1, the CRN among the group 1 sends communication request, shakes hands by the CRN among aware base station and the group 2.
Second step, shake hands after the success, among CR1 in two perception customer groups 2, the group 1 CRN respectively around own certain limit (its radius is generally less than two distances between the perception user) send the idle frequency spectrum of cooperating and detect request, all perception users that receive cooperation idle frequency spectrum detection request in this scope form a collaboration frequency spectrum and detect the group (if the perception user who has receives two cooperation idle frequency spectrums detection requests, then respond the cooperation idle frequency spectrum of at first receiving and detect request, and it is included into this collaboration frequency spectrum detects the group).Like this, form two collaboration frequency spectrums in the system for cognitive radio and detect the group, comprise separately independently perception user CR1-CRN in the group, needing the perception user of communication is the cluster of this group, and in Fig. 1, CRN is the cluster user among the group 1, and CR1 is the cluster user among the group 2.
In the 3rd step, each perception user adopts energy detection algorithm as local frequency spectrum detection algorithm in each group.Being illustrated in figure 2 as the present invention adopts energy detection algorithm to carry out the schematic diagram of local judgement as local detection algorithm.
A collaboration frequency spectrum detects interior each the perception user of group the unknown signaling that receives is passed through a low pass filter filters out out-of-band noise and adjacent signal, pass through A/D converter then successively, squarer, after N the sampling summation, obtain detection statistic Y, itself and predefined threshold value are compared judge.Can judge during greater than threshold value to have main subscriber signal on this frequency range, local court verdict is set be " 1 ", it is masked as H1, show that the perception user is not suitable for working on this frequency range; When detection statistic Y can judge that noise is only arranged on this frequency range during less than threshold value, there is not main subscriber signal, local court verdict is set is " 0 ", it is masked as H0, show that the perception user can use this frequency range.
In order to save the control channel bandwidth, each perception user only passes to cluster with the court verdict of 1bit in the group, and the sign of court verdict is deposited in the detection system memory.Wherein have main user on the frequency range that " 1 " expression perception user detects, " 0 " represents that there is not main user in this frequency range.
In the 4th step, the 1st cooperation also is cooperation in the group.Be illustrated in figure 3 as the schematic block diagram of two cooperative detection of the present invention, wherein the first half is cooperation in the group.
For certain section frequency spectrum that licenses to main user, in the group each perception user based on oneself local frequency spectrum detection algorithm according to detection statistic y
1..., y
N, independently finish local judgement, adjudicate this section frequency spectrum and whether have main user, obtain local court verdict u respectively
1..., u
N, and local court verdict delivered to cluster.Cluster utilizes OR criterion or AND criterion to make judgement in the group according to local court verdict, and its result is u
0j(j=1 ..., K).
The 5th step, cooperation for the second time: cooperation between the group, see the latter half among Fig. 3.
Two perception users (cluster) that need communicate by letter detect two collaboration frequency spectrums group's court verdict { u respectively
0j(j=1,2), K=2} sends to aware base station here, and these court verdicts are formed the decision statistic amount of aware base station, and aware base station utilizes OR criterion or AND criterion to obtain final court verdict D based on these statistics.
In the cooperative detection, the perception user needs control channel to come to transmit local court verdict to aware base station, and this control channel is that band is limit generally speaking.In order to save the control channel bandwidth, the perception user only passes to aware base station with the court verdict (0 or 1) of 1bit.In tradition/single cooperative detection, all users in collaboration all need to transmit local court verdict to aware base station, and when participation users in collaboration quantity was very big, their required control channel bandwidth also can be very big.But two collaboration methods of the present invention have only two court verdicts of cluster to send into aware base station and adjudicate, and have significantly reduced the data volume that transmits, and save the control channel bandwidth.
Below OR fusion criterion or AND fusion criterion are further described in detail.
The OR criterion
As long as there is a perception user to support judgement to be H1, the aware base station final judging result just is judged to this judgement H1, i.e. inclusive-OR operation criterion.Sign in the cooperative system detection of stored device as long as the H1 that is masked as that perception user is provided with is arranged, promptly supports the main user of judgement to exist, and cluster and base station make final justice and have main user in this frequency range, total with the court verdict sign be changed to H1; Having only the sign in the memory all is H0, and promptly all perception users' court verdict is when not having main user in the frequency range, and enter a judgement and do not have main user in this frequency range in cluster or base station, total court verdict sign is changed to H0.
Promptly the statistic Y when the cooperative system fusion center satisfies:
Describe as weighing the detection performance index in the system for cognitive radio with false alarm probability and detection probability, the false alarm probability and the detection probability of carrying out after the OR criterion is cooperated are respectively:
Wherein, N is for participating in the perception user number of cooperation, p
Fi, p
DiLocal false alarm probability and the local detection probability of representing i user respectively, this integration program have less false dismissal probability and bigger false alarm probability.
The AND criterion
When all perception users supported certain judgement for H1, the aware base station final judging result just was judgement H1, i.e. AND operation criterion.Sign in the cooperative system detection of stored device, has only the judgement of all making main user's existence as all perception users, when the sign that is provided with in the memory all was H1, cluster and base station made final justice and have main user in this frequency range, and total court verdict sign is changed to H1.As long as the H0 that is masked as that perception user is provided with is arranged, promptly support judgement not exist main user, cluster and base station to make final justice and do not have main user in this frequency range, total and with the court verdict sign be changed to H0.
Promptly the statistic Y when the cooperative system fusion center satisfies:
False alarm probability and detection probability after cooperating are respectively:
Compare this integration program has sacrificed false dismissal probability and has exchanged reducing of false alarm probability for the OR rule.
In the cognitive radio frequency spectrum detection, mainly weigh the performance of system by the size of detection probability under the same terms.But false alarm probability is meant main subscriber signal and do not exist erroneous judgement for there being the probability of main subscriber signal, and detection probability is exactly the correct probability of judging, and false dismissal probability and detection probability sum are 1.After introducing cooperative detection, the parameter that the measurement system that we consider detects performance then is global detection probability and overall empty probability.
In two cooperative detection systems, make P
F, j, P
D, jRepresent group's false alarm probability, detection probability among the group j respectively, the global detection probability and the overall false alarm probability that draw the frequency spectrum detection system of twice cooperation under the OR rule by formula (2), (3) when group's number is K (K 〉=2) are:
Global detection probability and overall false alarm probability by the frequency spectrum detection system of twice cooperation under formula (4), (5) AND rule are:
We can regard the single cooperative detection as the special circumstances of the number (K=1) that hives off in two inferior cooperative detection algorithms.
The ROC curve ratio that Fig. 4, Fig. 5 have provided OR fusion rule, following pair cooperative detection algorithm of AND fusion rule and single cooperative detection algorithm respectively.
During the same terms, there are two groups in system under two the cooperative detection environment, and the user's number in each group is respectively 8,4, group only under the single cooperative detection environment, and user's number sum during user's number is got and detected for two times is 8.Wherein, Fig. 4 adopts the OR criterion for twice fusion in two the cooperations, and Fig. 5 adopts the AND criterion for twice fusion in two the cooperations.As can be seen, under the identical overall false alarm probability condition, the overall false dismissal probability of two cooperative detection algorithms will be lower than the overall false dismissal probability of single cooperative detection algorithm, therefore has the quite good detecting performance.
The above; only be better embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, anyly is familiar with the people of this technology in the disclosed technical scope of the present invention; the conversion that can expect easily and replacement all should be included in the protection category of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.
Adopt two cooperative detection algorithms of the present invention's proposition, under the identical situation of overall false alarm probability, can improve the global detection probability of system; Secondly in two cooperative detection, have only cluster (only two) but not all perception users' court verdict is delivered to the base station, reduced the court verdict bit number that passes to aware base station to a great extent, so just saved the bandwidth of control channel greatly.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of two cooperative detection methods of idle frequency spectrum in the cognitive radio, it is characterized in that, need the perception user of communication to shake hands by aware base station, the perception user who successfully shakes hands sends the idle frequency spectrum of cooperating to own certain limit on every side respectively and detects request; Form respectively with the perception user of needs communication is the collaboration frequency spectrum detection group of cluster; Collaboration frequency spectrum detects interior each the perception user of group and carries out local frequency spectrum detection, and this locality judges on certain frequency range that licenses to main user whether have main subscriber signal, and local judged result is sent to cluster; Cluster merges above-mentioned local judgement makes group court verdict, and send into the decision statistic amount of aware base station as aware base station, aware base station obtains the final judging result of system for cognitive radio according to group's court verdict amalgamation judging, determines whether main subscriber signal exists.
2, two cooperative detection methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the scope that the perception user sends cooperation idle frequency spectrum detection request refers to send radius less than the distance between two perception users.
3, two cooperative detection methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that local frequency spectrum detecting method adopts energy detection algorithm, and each perception user independently finishes local judgement based on the local frequency spectrum detection of oneself according to detection statistic in the group.
4, two cooperative detection methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that each perception user only passes to the decision statistic amount of cluster as cluster with the court verdict of 1bit in the group; Each cluster is only passed to the decision statistic amount of aware base station as the base station with the court verdict of 1bit.
5, two cooperative detection methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the cluster judgement, can adopt OR criterion and/or AND criterion to the group in each perception user's local court verdict carry out amalgamation judging, obtain group court verdict; Can adopt OR criterion and/or AND criterion that group's court verdict is adjudicated in the amalgamation judging of base station, obtain total final judging result.
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