CN101399391A - Wideband non-loss mixing method for high-frequency signal - Google Patents

Wideband non-loss mixing method for high-frequency signal Download PDF

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CN101399391A
CN101399391A CNA200710018786XA CN200710018786A CN101399391A CN 101399391 A CN101399391 A CN 101399391A CN A200710018786X A CNA200710018786X A CN A200710018786XA CN 200710018786 A CN200710018786 A CN 200710018786A CN 101399391 A CN101399391 A CN 101399391A
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polarization
signal
conversion
waveguide
mode
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孙炳元
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Abstract

The invention relates to a technology for mixing broadband of a plurality of high-frequency signals, in particular to a loss-free method for mixing the broadband of the high-frequency signals. The most common signal mixing is taking a power splitter as a broadband combiner; the common power splitter is Hybrid or Wilkinson power splitter which is commonly referred to as 3dB electric bridge or 3dB power splitter; so-called 3dB means that half of the signal power is lost. The loss-free method for mixing the high-frequency signals comprises two steps: (1) the signals to be mixed are transformed into a polarization mode of a certain space (usually an orthogonal mode) by various measures such as excitation, induction and coupling; and (2) the signals with different polarizations are transformed into the signals with the same polarization by the loss-free polarization transformation, and the signals are mixed without loss. Therefore, the method has the broadband property that the 3dB electric bridge mixer has no relationship with frequency, and has the advantage of low loss of a filter and the mixer.

Description

The wideband non-loss mixing method of high-frequency signal
Technical field
The present invention relates to the broadband hybrid technology with a plurality of high-frequency signals, is a kind of wideband non-loss mixing method of high-frequency signal specifically.
Technical background
The work of wireless (wireless) equipment be unable to do without high-frequency signal, and as microwave (microwave) signal or radio frequency (RF:radio frequency) signal, the present invention is referred to as high-frequency signal.Different high-frequency signals has different frequency (frequency), bandwidth (bandwidth) and modulation (modulation), and it is the important parameter of a plurality of unlike signals of difference.Two other parameter of signal is that amplitude, phase place can obtain by linear process, therefore usually amplitude, phase place is not done special consideration.
Wireless device has comprised various high-frequency elements and transmission line, and signal mixer is the high-frequency element of using always.Unlike signal in the different transmission lines is sent in the same high frequency transmission line, and the polarization of these signals, pattern are identical, this process is called the mixing of signal, and related device is called blender or mixer.High-frequency signal transmits in equipment and depends on high frequency transmission line, is called for short transmission line.The most frequently used transmission line is waveguide, coaxial line (also claiming cable), microstrip line, twisted-pair feeder etc.
Can remove to study high-frequency element from the viewpoint of high frequency network, the interface of high frequency network or high-frequency element and outside is called port.As one port network, signal can advance and go out from a port, and dotted line is the port plane.The input electromagnetic field on port plane can be expressed as:
Et(x,y,z,ω)=V(Z)Eot(x,y)exp[j(ωt-βz)]......(1)
Ht(x,y,z,ω)=I(Z)Hot(x,y)exp[j(ωt-βz)]......(2)
The port of high-frequency element (or multiport microwave network) normally selects on certain plane of reference that links to each other or reference point of device (or network) and external transmission lines.Though it should be noted that it is in the same plane of reference or reference point, if two signals that polarization is different are arranged, then should regard two ports as, rather than a port.Certainly, the plane of reference of high-frequency element also not exclusively is selected on the transmission line, also be common device port as the actinal surface of antenna, but high frequency network is normally studied a closed area.Find out that from formula (1), (2) parameter of port is a scalar.If the port reference planes have only the signal of a polarization, then has only a port.If these reference planes have two signals that polarization is different, then just should regard two ports as.Corresponding, if N the signal that polarization is different arranged, N port arranged then.
Blender is a multiport device (or multiport microwave network).The two paths of signals blender is one three port devices (or three port microwave networks), and two ports are inputs, and a port is output.No. four signal mixers are one 5 port devices (or five-port microwave network), 4 tunnel inputs, one tunnel output.No. four signal mixers can be realized with three two-port blenders, so the two-port blender is basic combiner unit.In general, signal mixer is the signal input of m road, the output of n road signal, and m〉n.For example, the input of five road signals, two paths of signals output.But two-way input, one tunnel output (three port hybrid devices just, or three port hybrid network) be the most basic situation, it is the core cell of general hybrid network, general hybrid network can draw with the more auxiliary microwave device commonly used structures of basic combiner unit, therefore we only import with the research two-way on the principle, the microwave network of one tunnel output.The resulting path combining method of this research also is without loss of generality.Note, we not load resistance or isolation resistance as a port because this port only is an absorbed power, do not have the output of signal, therefore be not the emphasis of research.And the present invention wishes that power loss on load resistance or the isolation resistance goes to zero or as far as possible little.
The key technical indexes of blender comprises, (1) Insertion Loss, just from input port to output, the insertion loss of signal, hope is as far as possible little.(2) volume weight: the smaller the better.(3) pass through power: be the bigger the better.(4) technical sophistication degree: complexity is low more good more.(5) to the frequency of carrier wave and the fitness of frequency bandwidth: insensitive more good more to frequency change and frequency bandwidth change.(6) isolation between the input port: isolation is high more good more.(7) passive intermodulation: low more good more.In addition, input/output port also is relative, so signal mixer also can be used for the signal power distributor.
Lift several high-frequency signals below and mix example.
In the radio broadcasting field, the signal (modulation signal or unmodulated signal) that can run into two different frequencies mixes, as shown in Figure 1.For example, two broadcast frequency modulation signals are respectively FM96MHz and FM105MHz, and these two fm broadcast signals generally are the antennas of delivering to transmitter site by feeder line separately.If signal combined delivers to the launching site, just can save a cable, can also public same antenna when frequency is close, so just saved cable expense and mounting cost.
Other wireless system also usually needs the signal of a plurality of different carrier frequencies is mixed (be also referred to as and close the road).As shown in Figure 2.Having provided two kinds among Fig. 2 and mixed scene, as Fig. 2 a, is two different transmitting in the same equipment (BS), sends into same cable or antenna by blender.In the perhaps same equipment, different frequency mixes with the signal (as G signal and U signal) of standard.As Fig. 2 b, be that the signal between two different equipment (BS) closes the road.The advantage of closing the road is that two paths of signals can perhaps be launched with same antenna with same feeder line transmission, and perhaps both have both at the same time.
Above background all relates to two or more unlike signals, becomes the problem of one road signal in the lossless mixing of high band (or closing the road).Especially, being requirement mixes high-power signal (usually watt more than the magnitude).Or in antenna feed, received signal is mixed, deliver to low noise amplifier (LNA) uniformly and carry out processing and amplifying.The technology that two kinds of mixing commonly used are arranged is at present introduced respectively below.
Prior art one related to the present invention:
Prior art one: the power splitter scheme of broadband mixing
Most common signal mixing is to adopt power splitter to be broadband He Lu.Power splitter commonly used is electric bridge (hybrid) or Wilkinson power splitter, is commonly called as 3dB electric bridge or 3dB power splitter.So-called 3dB is meant that signal power can lose half.These two kinds of signal mixers use very general, belong to the broadband hybrid technology that the personage generally knows and often uses in this specialty, so itself principle is seldom narrated.
The isolation resistance of Wilkinson power splitter is built-in, makes the power capacity of isolation resistance be difficult to do greatlyyer, therefore is generally used for the road of closing of low-power level signal.And the load resistance of electric bridge can be external, and the bigger isolation resistance of allocating power capacity, so powerful signal easily adopts electric bridge to realize usually.The signal mixture length after CF signal 100 process transmitters 102 amplify, is sent into the broadband blender of being made up of electric bridge 104 as shown in Figure 3, by cable, delivers to antenna 106 and launches then.Owing to bigger combination loss is arranged, therefore will absorb a large amount of power on the high-power isolation resistance 108.The 3dB electric bridge was 4 port networks originally, but when being used for signal and closing the road, isolated port connects load resistance, therefore still is called three port hybrid networks.The mixing that Fig. 3 has only drawn two paths of signals, the mixing of multiple signals is similar.
The advantage of prior art one and shortcoming
Adopting the advantage of prior art 1 is that (1) does not have frequency selectivity in working band, therefore is commonly referred to the broadband and mixes, and this broadband is mixed the GSM network that needs frequency hopping (Frequency Hoping) etc. particularly useful.(2) volume is little, in light weight, cost is low.
Adopting the major defect of prior art 1 is that loss is big.In theory, 3dB power is promptly lost in closing the road and will losing the power of half of two paths of signals.If 6dB power is promptly lost in closing the road and will losing 3/4ths power of 4 road signals.10log (N) decibel is then lost in the signal mixing of N road.Therefore, when the multi-path large power signal mixes, the significantly minimizing of signal power be can cause, energy waste and heat dissipation problem caused.
Prior art two: the filter scheme of arrowband mixing
Prior art 2 is to adopt filter to realize that multiple signals mix, as shown in Figure 4.This mode is used also more, belongs to the technology that the personage generally knows and often uses in this specialty, therefore its principle is seldom narrated.
Its workflow after CF signal 200 process transmitters 202 amplify, is sent into the arrowband blender of being made up of filter 204 as shown in Figure 4, by cable, delivers to antenna 206 and launches then.
The advantage of prior art two and shortcoming
The advantage of this blender is that the insertion loss is less, and inserting loss in theory can be zero, and actual Insertion Loss mixes far below the broadband of technical scheme 1 usually, therefore can be by more high-power.Fig. 4 two paths of signals that only drawn closes the road, and it is feasible equally that multiple signals close the road.
The shortcoming of this mixer has three: the one, because filter has frequency selectivity; therefore can influence frequency (frequency usually; FA:frequency allocation) flexibility of flexibility of Tiao Zhenging or frequency bandwidth (frequencybandwidth) adjustment brings inconvenience to use.Adopt variable dielectric constant material, varactor, stepping motor etc. can dynamically adjust the frequency or the bandwidth of filter, but cost is higher, technology is more complicated.The 2nd, owing to adopt filter, the common cost height of this blender, volume are big, design and processed complex.Signal frequency is approaching more, and the signal frequency number is many more, and these shortcomings are obvious more.The 3rd, there is a protection at interval, less than this at interval, blender volume and cost also sharply increase, and combination loss can sharply increase, even can't carry out low-loss and mix.Simultaneously owing to exist protection at interval, so signal can not lean on too closely, reduced the frequency spectrum service efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the novel signal mixed method of a kind of 3dB of having concurrently electric bridge blender and filter blender advantage, also is a kind of wideband non-loss mixing method of high-frequency signal; This technology can be in high-frequency band, with a plurality of different high-frequency signals (not equal as frequency difference or signal bandwidth difference or modulation system), is blended in to low-loss a high frequency network port on the lossless in theory or engineering.
For overcoming the problem that prior art exists, technical scheme provided by the present invention is:
1, the wideband non-loss mixing method of high-frequency signal, it is: the wideband non-loss mixing method of described high-frequency signal comprises the lossless input conversion of high-frequency signal and lossless polarization conversion two steps of high-frequency signal:
(1), first step is that the signal lossless that needs merge is delivered to same space with consuming;
By various excitations, induction or coupling measure, the signal that needs are mixed becomes the polarization mode in certain space, normally orthogonal modes.
(2), second step is the lossless polarization conversion of high-frequency signal, the conversion of signals that polarization is different becomes the identical signal of polarization;
By the lossless polarization conversion of high-frequency signal, make the different conversion of signals of polarization become the identical signal of polarization; After hyperpolarization transformed, the polarization of signal became identical, and since signal in same transducer, mode of operation is also just identical, signal has also just mixed losslessly.
The conversion of above-mentioned high-frequency signal polarization, the mode of employing is:
Utilize the conversion of transmission line to make polarization change, in the initial end of conversion transmission line is ridge waveguide, the coaxial line with the transmission line of orthogonal modes such as circular waveguide, square wave guide, symmetry, at the end end of conversion transmission line is only to allow the transmission line of propagation of single polarization mode such as rectangular waveguide, elliptic waveguide, microstrip line, coaxial line, is the transition portion of two kinds of transmission lines between conversion initial end and conversion end of volume (EOV) end; Finally make in same transmission line because of the difference that polarizes forms a plurality of ports, become the identical single port of polarization, thereby finish the mixing of signal.
The conversion of above-mentioned high-frequency signal polarization, the mode of employing is:
Utilize feasible polarization such as diaphragm or pin to change, i.e. elimination and diaphragm or the parallel polarization components of pin bar, the only remaining polarization components vertical with diaphragm or pin makes the signal of different polarization become polarization in the same way.
The conversion of above-mentioned high-frequency signal polarization, the mode of employing is:
Utilize the polarization phase shifter to make polarization change, make the polarization of a plurality of signals become in the same way by difference.As utilize the polarization phase shifter that the f2 signal is carried out phase shift, make the f2 signal become circular polarization (or linear polarization), utilize the polarization phase shifter that the f2 circularly polarized signal is become linear polarization (or circular polarization) then again, and the direction of linear polarization (or circular polarization) is identical with f1 polarised direction at this moment;
The conversion of above-mentioned high-frequency signal polarization, the mode of employing is:
Utilize coupling probe to make polarization change, by with the overstriking of coupling probe antenna, reduce the sensitiveness of coupling probe to polarised direction, make the signal of different polarised directions can both in antenna, obtain complete signal coupling, thereby signal with the difference polarization, in the same coupling probe of lossless or low-loss ground coupling, thereby the lossless or low-loss that realizes different polarized signals mixes.From duality principle as can be known, also can adopt the insensitive coupling loop of polarised direction.
Above-mentioned high-frequency signal is after through input conversion, polarization conversion, and the signal that will mix as required is transformed into another kind of transmission line from a kind of transmission line, as from the waveguide transitions to the coaxial line or microstrip line; Change into not by the coaxial line TEM of wavelength mould from the TE11 mould of coaxial line; Change into circular waveguide TM01 mould from the TE11 mould of circular waveguide; Change into the TE10 mould of rectangular waveguide from the TE11 mould of circular waveguide.
The present invention is with respect to prior art, and its advantage is as follows:
The invention provides a kind of wideband non-loss mixing method of high-frequency signal; This technology can be in high-frequency band, and with a plurality of different high-frequency signals (not equal as frequency difference or signal bandwidth difference or modulation system), low-loss ground mixes (or synthetic) at a high frequency network port on the lossless in theory or engineering.Its advantage is the broadband character of existing 3dB electric bridge blender and frequency-independent, and the low-loss advantage of filter blender is arranged again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 carries out the mixing principle schematic diagram for the FM signal of different frequency;
Fig. 2 is the road of closing between road or two base stations of closing of two carrier signals in the radio mobile communication;
Fig. 3 is for adopting the blender of 3dB electric bridge;
Fig. 4 mixes the protection interval problem that exists for adopting filter to carry out signal;
Fig. 5 is several frequently seen transmission line;
Fig. 6 is several frequently seen polarization mode, orthogonal modes and quadrature degenerate mode;
Fig. 7 inputs or outputs figure for the coupling of signal;
Fig. 8 is common coupling excitation and ideograph;
Fig. 9 is the unidirectional and transmitted in both directions of pumping signal in transmission line;
Figure 10 is the transmission signals pattern of common transmission line;
Figure 11 is microwave network and the both scatternets that common transmission line is formed;
Figure 12 utilizes polarization conversion to eliminate the polarization mismatch of accepting in the antenna, realizes that the nothing polarization loss of signal receives;
Figure 13 is the general type of the high-power mixing of the present invention;
Figure 14 is the conversion to rectangular waveguide of traditional circular waveguide;
Figure 15 utilizes transmission line to realize the process schematic diagram of polarization conversion;
Figure 16 is unidirectional substantially combiner unit;
Figure 17 is two-way substantially combiner unit;
Figure 18 is for mixing with the elementary unit groups synthesizing multi-path;
Figure 19 is the probe coupled signal input transition form of circular waveguide and square wave guide;
Figure 20 is the signal input transition form that utilizes various waveguides;
Figure 21 is the polarization conversion schematic diagram that utilizes transmission line;
Figure 22 is for realizing the generalized section of case 1;
Figure 23 does not have the cross-section illustration intention of obvious boundary for realizing case 1 three parts;
Figure 24 carries out the polarization conversion schematic diagram for adopting diaphragm and pin;
Figure 25 is a sudden change formula polarization conversion schematic diagram;
Figure 26 is the conversion schematic diagram of coaxial line to microstrip line;
Figure 27 is for to finish the polarization conversion schematic diagram by ferrite diaphragm and excitation wire bag;
Figure 28 finishes the polarization conversion schematic diagram for utilizing special probe;
Figure 29 finishes three tunnel polarizations conversion schematic diagram for utilizing probe.
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of broadband hybrid technology of a plurality of high-frequency signals, use the blender that this technology constitutes, can be in high-frequency band, with the input signal of a plurality of different frequencies or unlike signal bandwidth or different modulating, low-loss ground mixes (or synthetic) at a port on the lossless in theory or engineering.Especially, output signal is not sent into coaxial line or plane strip line with necessarily can all having consumption or low-loss, propagates with transverse electromagnetic mode (yet being the TEM pattern) or accurate transverse electromagnetic mode.
Some is explained:
(1), so-called low-loss mixes, be meant and mix loss, the unlike signal number of N for needing to mix less than 10log (N).Unlike signal is often referred to the frequency difference, the bandwidth difference is different with the signal modulation.The mixing of same signal is a kind of special case, and they can losslessly mix.
(2), utilize the quadrature degenerate mode of waveguide, coaxial line, can with two signal lossless consumptions be input in waveguide, the coaxial line, but the polarization of these two signals is not in the same way, therefore, is not the lossless mixing of signal that this paper says.In fact, this device (or network) should be regarded four port devices (or network) as, rather than three port devices (or network).
(3), mix in so-called broadband, also promptly is not by filtering characteristic signal to be mixed.Although the frequency band of filter has and widely has narrowly,, therefore be not called the broadband hybrid plan because after all apparent in view frequency selectivity arranged.The outstanding shortcoming of filter is frequency selectivity just.When signal frequency is leaned on closerly or when frequency need change the time or the bandwidth of signal when may change, the frequency selectivity of the filter not shortcoming of malleable is just very outstanding.There is introduction the pluses and minuses back of using filter to carry out the technical scheme of signal mixing.
(4), the signal of mixed output can be in coaxial line or plane strip line be the important feature that signal mixes whether success with TEM pattern or the transmission of accurate TEM mould.Because under the TEM pattern, transmission line does not have cut-off wavelength, so the size of transmission line is little, in light weight.The difference that does not also have polarization and pattern between the synchronous signal, therefore different signals is really to mix, and all is in same port.
1. the basic background of the present invention:
The present invention relates to the coupling of signal between the polarization, polarization orthogonal pattern, degenerate mode, quadrature degenerate mode, transmission line of mixing, transmission, transmission line, transmission mode, the transmission mode of wireless high-frequency signal and conversion, waveguide, coaxial line, microstrip line etc., these, the personnel in this specialty understand.Because it is more to relate to notion, now some technical backgrounds is simply introduced.
High frequency transmission line has forms such as coaxial line, waveguide and planar transmission line (as microstrip transmission line etc.).Fig. 5 has shown several schematic diagram of transmission lines.Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b are coaxial line and oval coaxial line, and Fig. 5 c and Fig. 5 d are circular waveguide and elliptic waveguide, and Fig. 5 and Fig. 5 d are square wave guide and rectangular waveguide.Fig. 5 has only provided several frequently seen transmission line, and other transmission line such as ridge waveguide, planar transmission line etc. are not listed one by one.The most frequently used is these three kinds of transmission lines of coaxial line, microstrip line and rectangular waveguide.
As everyone knows, the communication mode of discussing in the transmission line is generally only discussed the transverse-electromagnetic field mode.Three kinds of common patterns are arranged: horizontal (or laterally accurate) electromagnetic field TEM mould, transverse electric field TE mould and transverse magnetic field TM mould.Cut-off wavelength is the longest in these patterns is basic mode.The basic mode of coaxial line and microstrip line is the TEM mould, as Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b.They do not polarize not by wavelength yet.The signal that need close the road usually is before input and to close behind the road all be not have to polarize and to transmit in the coaxial line of wavelength or microstrip line.
Basic mode in the rectangular waveguide is the TE10 mould, and as Figure 10 c, its electric field intensity hangs down as for long limit, and therefore polarization is arranged.But because long limit of rectangular waveguide and narrow edge lengths differ greatly (long limit is the twice on narrow limit), do not have polarization degenerate mode (notion of degeneracy below will be introduced), former people do not have to consider too much the polarization of the TE10 mould of rectangular waveguide yet.Equally, former people do not think over the polarization of eH11 mould in the elliptic waveguide yet.Noted earlier these all are some intrinsic notions in the brains before the people, and these notions have influenced people and do not closed the research on road to there being consumption.Fig. 6 is the polarization transmission mode schematic diagram in the common transmission line.Fig. 6 a is the TE11 mould of coaxial line, and solid line is the horizontal line electric field, and dotted line is represented magnetic field, is sign with the electric field, is called perpendicular polarization.Because the circular symmetry of coaxial line, after angle of the electromagnetic field of Fig. 6 a rotation, just obtain a new electromagnetic field communication mode, this new model and original pattern expression formula are identical, propagation characteristic (as by wavelength) is also identical, and being called is degenerate mode.What emphasis of the present invention was considered is the quadrature degenerate mode that polarization differs 90 degree, and for example the perpendicular polarization of Fig. 6 a and polarization differ the horizontal polarization pattern of 90 degree.The transverse-electromagnetic field distribution of perpendicular polarization and horizontal polarization pattern orthogonal (angle that just intersects between the power line is 90 degree, and magnetic field is as the same) that is to say quadrature.Why to adopt orthogonal mode? because employing orthogonal mode, because the orthogonality of pattern, two signals do not disturb when being input to same transmission line mutually, can independently adjust, can not exert an influence mutually, reach the purpose that the coupling of signal lossless consumption is input to same transmission line.But consider symmetry principle, for example the electromagnetic field of two patterns wants the cut-off wavelength of two patterns in quadrature, the transmission line the same substantially, be in identical working frequency range to have, so reality all is to adopt the orthogonal polarization degenerate mode usually.Here it is people do not regard the TE10 mould of rectangular waveguide and elliptic waveguide eH11 mould as the reason of polarization mode.
Can be used for of the present inventionly having the polarization mode in coaxial line, circular waveguide and the square wave guide that TEmn mode (in a waveguide) (being called transverse electric field mode) or TMmnp mode (in a waveguide cavity) (being called the transverse magnetic pattern) are arranged.General employing TE11 pattern in the circular waveguide, because excitation and the coupling easily of TE pattern, and in the orthogonal polarization degenerate mode, TE11 mould cut-off wavelength in polarization mode is the longest.Remaining pattern is higher mode more, and adopts the volume ratio TE11 pattern of higher mode big.The TE11 mould is a higher mode in the coaxial line, also can use.Adopt the TE10 polarization mode in the square wave guide.The circular waveguide and the square wave guide of common employing standard, circular waveguide can have certain ovality, square wave guide both sides also not exclusively equal in the actual engineering, and these all are fine.
Fig. 6 b and Fig. 6 c are respectively in the circular waveguide TE10 mould in the TE11 mould and square wave guide, and solid line is the Electric Field Distribution of one of them pattern, and dotted line is the electric field of another phase orthogonal modes.Two patterns are quadrature degeneracys.Can be used for polarization mode of the present invention TEmn mode (in a waveguide) or TMmnp mode (in a waveguide cavity) are arranged.Fig. 6 d shows the electromagnetic field distribution situation of TE mould and TM mould respectively.To the TE pattern, electric field has only cross stream component Et, and the existing cross stream component Ht in magnetic field has the longitudinal component Hz along the direction of propagation again.To the TM pattern, magnetic field has only cross stream component Ht, and the existing horizontal Et of electric field has the longitudinal component Ez along the direction of propagation again.Having under the partially filled situation of multiple medium, also having the HE pattern, it can be regarded as the combination of TE and TM pattern.
Polarization mode has been arranged, also needed suitable mode to encourage out.Signal is input to also title excitation in the transmission line.Signal exported from transmission line be called coupling, because reciprocity, all cry coupling input and output sometimes or encourage.In addition, because excitation and coupling are normally carried out, be also referred to as the conversion of transmission line usually between two kinds of transmission lines.Fig. 7 is several frequently seen excitation or coupled mode schematic diagram.Fig. 7 a is that coaxial line is to circular waveguide coupling or excitation.Fig. 7 b is coupling or the excitation of coaxial line to square wave guide.Fig. 7 c is coupling or the excitation of coaxial line to coaxial line.Fig. 7 d is coupling or the excitation between circular waveguide and the rectangular waveguide.Fig. 7 e is coupling or the excitation between square wave guide and the rectangular waveguide.Fig. 7 f is coupling or the excitation between coaxial line and the rectangular waveguide.
Fig. 8 has enumerated some other coupling or excitation combination, and Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b are that the coaxial line probe is respectively with rectangular waveguide and elliptic waveguide coupling or encourage.Fig. 8 c and Fig. 8 d are respectively coupling or the excitation between coupling loop and rectangular waveguide and the square wave guide.In fact, probe and coupling loop (comprising coupling aperture) have duality relation, and adopting probe still is coupling loop or other form, does not influence enforcement of the present invention, mainly be see more convenient like that.Different transmission lines, different coupled modes, different coupling positions can form multiple combination, as space is limited, differ one for example, and these do not influence validity of the present invention.
Certain excitation of process or the signal that is coupled on the transmission line have two kinds of modes of propagation, and a kind of is transmitted in both directions in transmission line, as schematic diagram 9a.Another kind is an one-way transmission, as schematic diagram 9b.Fig. 9 c is the end face probe excitation, signal by probe excitation to circular waveguide.Fig. 9 d is another kind of end pumping, and signal is activated to circular waveguide by rectangular waveguide, in order better to realize coupling also increasing quarter-wave changeover portion in Fig. 9 d.Fig. 9 e is the conversion that microstrip line is arrived in waveguide, and Fig. 9 f is the conversion of coaxial line to microstrip line.Also have other excitation and reformulations, as space is limited, carefully do not state one by one, these do not influence enforcement of the present invention, and find in various disclosed data.Most of incentive program both can be used for rectangular waveguide, also can be used for square wave guide.Both can be used for elliptic waveguide, also can be used for circular waveguide, both can be used for the excitation (for example conversion of the coupling from the rectangular waveguide to the coaxial line) of general modfel, also can be used for the excitation of orthogonal polarization pattern.Polarized signal generally adopts one-way transmission.Adopt transmitted in both directions to realize the core identical with one-way transmission (all being the orthogonal transmission mould to be changed into nonopiate degenerate mode) that power is synthetic, but the transmitted in both directions volume is bigger, the therefore general one-way transmission power synthesized form that adopts.In addition, also can only be the one-way transmission form as adopting end pumping.The synthetic detailed introduction of one-way transmission and transmitted in both directions power sees next section.
Signal also may just be activated to certain space and not propagate, and sees Figure 29, and this is special circumstances, the realization example that detailed content is seen below.
In a word, transmission line comprise various waveguides, various coaxial line,, various dielectric line, various planes strip line etc.The coupling excitation mode comprises probe, little ring, waveguide mouth, aperture coupling etc.Coupling position comprises side, end face etc., can form various combinations between them.Available transmission mode has transverse electric field mould TEmn, transverse magnetic field mould TMmnp mode (in a waveguide cavity), perhaps TEmn+TEqp, TMmn+TMqp and TE+TM pattern (normally use in part medium loaded transmission line, also claim HEmn mould or EHmn mould).Except the transmission line of standard, can also design the transmission line of various non-standard forms, these do not influence enforcement of the present invention and claim.Usually also be to use the transmission line of canonical form; and the low order transmission mode in these transmission lines, as the TE11 mould in the circular waveguide, TE21 mould and TM11, TE10 mould in square wave guide, the rectangular waveguide and TM11 mould; TE11 mould in the coaxial line, the eH11 mould in the elliptic waveguide etc.All right complete filling or partially filled several different medium in the transmission line are to reach some specific purposes.For example, the medium of filling high-k can dwindle the volume of conversion equipment, and direct metal cladding can replace metallic cavity of waveguide or the like on the medium of complete filling.
2. embodiment of the present invention
In high-frequency signal, using maximum transmission lines is microstrip line, coaxial line and rectangular waveguide, sees Figure 10 a, 10b and 10c respectively.Carefully analyzing, should be that using maximum is the basic mode of transmission line.Basic mode in the microstrip line is accurate TEM mould, and the basic mode in the coaxial line is the TEM mould.One of its advantage is not have cut-off frequency, so the size of transmission line and frequency-independent.Basic mode in the standard rectangular waveguide is the TE10 mould, and it is by the longest pattern of wavelength.
With these transmission lines commonly used is that the multiport network that base components is formed is seen Figure 11 a and Figure 11 b.Voltage V+/V-represents the input or the reflected voltage of signal respectively, I+/I-this expression input and the electric current that reflects.A/b represents the voltage signal importing or reflect respectively, and Z represents impedance.The model of the lossless mixing of many signals can be described as network the 1st to N-1) individual port is the input signal port, all is zero owing to require lossless mixing, the output signal of these ports.N port of network is hybrid output port, owing to require lossless mixing, this port has only output signal and do not have input signal.Consider that from visual angle of the present invention in the research in the past, we become signal definition habitually:
S(f,t)=A(t)COS(2πft—φo) (3)
In the formula, A (t) is the amplitude of signal, and f is a signal frequency, and t is a time parameter, and φ o is a phase place.Based on such definition, people do not find does not all the time have the method that consumption is mixed with different signals, and the conclusion of theoretical derivation is that the nothing consumption that can't carry out unlike signal is mixed.But exception is also arranged, and that utilizes the frequency characteristic of formula (1) to realize not having the consumption mixing exactly, and this just uses the signal hybrid plan of filter.The characteristics of this scheme have had detailed description in front, and major advantage is can realize not having consumption to mix, and shortcoming is the directly related use flexibility problem that brings with frequency.
The present invention proposes the amplitude function A of signal (t) is become vector first, utilizes the vector characteristic of signal to realize not having the consumption mixing.In case mix successfully, then this hybrid plan is just irrelevant with signal frequency, thereby the signal that reaches different frequency, different bandwidth or different modulating does not have the consumption mixing.
How to utilize polarization to realize the nothing consumption mixing of many signals? method of the present invention is at first to utilize orthogonal vector that the signal lossless consumption is sent in the same space, next utilizes polarization conversion, with in the same space (as in the transmission line, cavity is medium) the different signal of polarization, become the identical signal of the polarization spatial field distribution pattern of signal (reach simultaneously usually too), reach the purpose that signal is mixed.
A kind of fairly simple application example is the reception of antenna, is schematic diagram as Figure 12 a.Same antenna receives the different signal of several polarization, comprises the linear polarization of different directions and the circular polarization of different directions.Situation about often using during satellite receives, antenna receives the signal of several satellites simultaneously exactly.Because the position of different satellites is different with polarization, in the horn feed of antenna, just encouraged the satellite-signal of several different polarization.Because the direction difference of polarization, so the output coupler of antenna back can only form fully some polarized signal and accept, and accepts fully and can not form for the signal of other polarization, produces the loss of a polarization mismatch, reduced the signal to noise ratio of signal.Use the present invention, just the signal of different polarization in the antenna can be become co polar signal, eliminated polarization loss.The detailed description that polarization conversion device specific implementation form among Figure 12 is seen below.
Among Figure 12 a, input signal is different polarization originally.Through after the polarization conversion, as Figure 12 b, the polarised direction of signal becomes identical.Because signal is propagated in same transmission line again, so the communication mode of signal is also identical.In this case, just can think the process that signal is mixed of having finished.But, yet need to do a processing under a lot of situations, shown in Figure 12 c, just mixed signal is coupled in the coaxial line with the transmission of TEM mould, because the TEM mould of coaxial line not by wavelength, is the long Distance Transmission line of RF band most convenient transmission.Perhaps mixed signal is coupled to (accurate TEM pattern) in the microstrip line,, finishes various processing signal because the easiest and various high-frequency elements of microstrip line are connected.Therefore, consider, generally also comprise such process from generality, as Figure 12 d, just the polarization conversion of signal become identical and pattern also become identical after, also signal to be forwarded in the transmission line, with normal basic mode transmission.
More generally situation is in the transmission channel of wireless device, relates to the mixing of high-power signal.For example, G signal f1, f2, U signal f3 and UMB signal f4 among Figure 13 a behind transmitter TX, deliver to power amplifier module PA and carry out the signal amplification, deliver to the high-power mixing that mixing module carries out signal then.At this moment, except needing front the polarization conversion module of chatting and two parts of output module that are coupled, also need to consider how a plurality of input signals are transferred to the polarization conversion module independently.Therefore also need one to realize that lossless, the nothing of signal are not injected into to coupling the part (or module) in certain space mutually.Therefore, Figure 13 b is seen in complete large-signal mixing, comprises three parts: input conversion, polarization conversion and output conversion.Input conversion and polarization conversion are the core that is associated of this patent, and output is converted to optional.
High-power three parts of mixing that transmit of the present invention are described in detail as follows:
First delivers to same space with the signal that needs merge
For example, utilize the polarization orthogonal of pattern, the signal (for example f1 and f2) that needs can be closed the road independently coupling excitation in some spaces---this space is a transmission line usually---and in transmission line with the orthogonal polarization mode transfer.Because the transmission mode mutually orthogonal that excitation is come out, therefore do not disturb mutually between the input signal, so just, two benefits have been produced, the firstth, avoided producing loss because of being coupled mutually between the input signal, the secondth, can adjust independently, when just adjusting the excitation of an input signal, can be to another mode producing influence.So just can adjust to best matching state to the excitation of input signal, thereby reduce the loss of signal that brings because of the excitation mismatch.
In a word, be by measures (there is concrete example the back) such as various excitations, induction (receiving), couplings as antenna, the signal that needs are mixed becomes the polarization mode (normally quadrature degenerate mode) in certain space.This space can be a metallic cavity, dielectric waveguide, and metal waveguide (circular waveguide, rectangular waveguide, ridge waveguide etc.), coaxial line or other have microwave (or RF) transmission line of orthogonal transmission pattern.
What time have needs explanation:
(1), the polarization of signal is divided into two kinds, a kind of is linear polarization, another kind is circular polarization (or elliptical polarization).Concerning linear polarization, polarization orthogonal is meant that polarised direction differs 90 degree.Concerning (ellipse) circular polarization, polarization orthogonal is meant that one is left-handed polarization, and one is right-hand polarization.In the example of Figure 18 c, adjust the length of short circuit face X1 and X2 below, just can in circular waveguide, form the linear polarization signal of quadrature, perhaps occur left-handed and the right-hand polarization signal.Because the present invention can become the conversion of signals of two polarization orthogonal the identical signal of polarization, thus also just the conversion of signals of all polarization can be become the identical signal of polarization, thus reach the purpose of lossless mixing.
(2), the front narrates, in occasions such as some receptions, a plurality of polarized signals are in same space, as Figure 12 a, this situation front was introduced, and belonged to special circumstances.
Second portion is a polarization conversion
By polarization conversion, make the different conversion of signals of polarization become the identical signal of polarization.Through after such conversion, the polarization of signal becomes identical, and since signal in same space, communication mode is also just identical, therefore can think to have mixed.Perhaps, because the polarization of signal is all the same with pattern, then can signal lossless be transformed in the transmission line that needs with consuming by third part.Can realize the conversion of polarization by a lot of methods, the mode of employing includes but not limited to:
(1), utilize the conversion of transmission line to make polarization change, for example with the conversion of circular waveguide to rectangular waveguide (perhaps elliptic waveguide), make f1 and f2 polarization by not in the same way in addition quadrature become in the same way.It is emphasized that the present invention herein circular waveguide with the conversion to circular waveguide to rectangular waveguide of routine (being called for short the conversion of circle square) different place is arranged to the conversion of rectangular waveguide.Round square conversion before the present invention is the conversion between the transmission line, be merely for signal is transformed into rectangular waveguide from circular waveguide, in this process, polarization is constant, and the polarised direction of the TE11 mould of circular waveguide is alignd with the direction of an electric field of rectangular waveguide.And, do not consider the transmission situation of a plurality of signals yet.Figure 14 is that traditional circular waveguide is changed to rectangular waveguide as follows:
And in the present invention, owing to there is a different signal of a plurality of polarization, the conversion of circle square should be finished the transition and conversion of two kinds of waveguides, allows again the polarization deflections take place the signals of different polarization in the circular waveguide, progressively deflects on the direction consistent with the rectangular waveguide electric field.
Now lifting concrete example explanation utilizes transmission line to carry out polarization conversion.The used conversion transmission line initial end of this example is a circular waveguide, and the end end elliptic waveguide (or rectangular waveguide) of conversion transmission line is seen Figure 15.The transmission line reason of other form similarly, and there is common form transmission line polarization conversion example the back.The present invention finds, when circular waveguide is produced some slight distortion in the position of needs generation polarization rotation, can cause that field structure changes.Its field structure can be tried to achieve by mode combinations, and for example, to the TE mould, it is TE=∑ Amn * TEmn.Not not finding the solution of strictness in the present invention's narration, very little when being out of shape, and also we only are concerned about when polarizing that a simple analysis method is arranged.We know that polarization very easily appears in circular waveguide to be changed.When little deformation appearred in circular waveguide, big variation can't take place in its field mode, and just polarization rotates.The direction that polarization changes has a simple decision method, and that is exactly that the direction of electric field polarization will be perpendicular to waveguide surface.Can see that by this analysis as long as we flatten circular waveguide in the direction of needs polarization rotation, the polarization of signal will be to a little angle of direction rotation of flattening.More loss occurs in order to reduce this process, the process of flattening can slowly be carried out, and the length L long enough that waveguide just changes is enough little to guarantee loss.Like this,, and guarantee that each step distortion is all enough little by continuous distortion, the final like this polarization conversion of having finished, transmission line also becomes elliptic waveguide by circular waveguide, and loss is enough little.The size of loss depends on the slow degree of whole process, and process is slow more, and loss is more little, but conversion equipment is long more, and volume is big more.As can be seen from Figure 15, circular waveguide is in elliptic waveguide (or rectangular waveguide) conversion process, and polarization is changing, and this has obviously different with the traditional form of Figure 14.
Give the polarization conversion process schematic diagram of the signal of two polarization orthogonal among Figure 15,, finally make the signal that two orthogonally polarized signals become same polarization, same pattern, transmit in same transmission line by waveguide being carried out mild and continuous conversion.So just finished the mixing of signal.
(2), utilize feasible polarization such as diaphragm or pin to change, for example elimination and diaphragm or the parallel polarization components of pin bar, the only remaining polarization components vertical with diaphragm or pin makes the polarization of f1 and f2 be become in the same way by quadrature.Be with diaphragm and pin equally, but herein with different originally.Originally mainly be to carry out phase shift, an original line polarization wave was become circular polarization.And be to be adjusted into unanimity for the polarization with signal herein.
(3), utilize feasible polarization such as polarization phase shifter to change, for example, utilize the polarization phase shifter that the f2 signal is carried out phase shift, make the f2 signal become circular polarization, utilize the polarization phase shifter that the f2 circularly polarized signal is become linear polarization then again, and the direction of linear polarization is identical with f1 polarised direction at this moment.Finally make the polarization of f1 and f2 become polarization in the same way by quadrature.
(4), the signal of difference polarization is become same polarization, not necessarily requiring is always to be converted to line polarization wave, also can be circularly polarised wave, as long as the direction of rotation of these circularly polarised waves is identical.For example, utilize polarizer with the f1 of different linear polarizations or circular polarization, the circularly polarised wave that the f2 signal becomes same direction, utilize circular polarization to accept antenna then or the circular polarization coupling device is coupled to signal f1, f2 respectively in the transmission lines such as coaxial line, microstrip line, propagate with unpolarized pattern (as the TEM pattern).
(5), adopt the combination of above scheme.
In particular cases can not need polarization fully in the same way, for example using special probe can be coupled out the signal of polarised direction difference (even quadrature).This special circumstances back is realized example 6 and is realized in the example 7 detailed introduction being arranged.
Third part is the output conversion
Third part is an option.Through the polarization conversion of second portion, the polarizations that needs to mix has been converted into identical.And because signal all is in same space (as transmission line) again, so when polarization was identical, the transmission mode of signal was also identical.At this moment, signal just can have been thought mixed.For example the last output form of second portion is a rectangular waveguide, and the back also is to need the rectangular waveguide transmission just, does not then just need the conversion of third part.Perhaps, the output of second portion is coaxial line just, and the back also needs the coaxial line transmission, so also need not additionally increase coupling output.
But need sometimes mixed signal is transformed into another kind of transmission line from a kind of transmission line, at this moment need third part, make whole proposal clearization more.For example coaxial line from waveguide transitions to frequent use or microstrip line.Perhaps the TE11 mould from coaxial line changes into not by the coaxial line TEM of wavelength mould; Change into circular waveguide TM01 mould from the TE11 mould of circular waveguide; Change into the TE10 mould of rectangular waveguide from the TE11 mould of circular waveguide.More common see Fig. 8 a, Fig. 8 b, Fig. 8 c and Fig. 9 b etc.
In actual use, these three parts can have tangible physical boundaries, but also may not have boundary clearly, and these do not influence use of the present invention.The concrete realization example that this situation is arranged in the back.
The basic way of realization that three parts combine is seen Figure 16 and Figure 17.
Figure 16 is the synthesized form of one-way transmission, and signal transmits to a direction, through polarization conversion, and same polarization coupling output, the final mixing more together.If signal f1 and f2 are same signal, when then the same polarization of third part is exported, also to adjust phase place and the amplitude of signal f1 and f2, allow signal with width of cloth homophase, make and close the signal power maximum that export on the road.
Figure 17 is the two-way road of closing, and input signal transmits to both direction.Pass through polarization conversion respectively, same polarization coupling output is finally carried out power at blender and is synthesized.If signal f1 and f2 are same signal, then also to adjust phase place and the amplitude of signal f1 and f2, allow signal in the mixer with the addition of width of cloth homophase, make the signal power maximum of closing road output.Usually adopt electric bridge or Wilkinson power splitter as mixer.Because transmitted in both directions and one-way transmission form technological core point are identical, therefore realizing on the example unidirectional form only being discussed.
The output of multiple signals can realize that the input signal of basic combiner unit is generally two signal inputs or three signal inputs, is output as one with the combination of basic combiner unit.Just basic combiner unit is generally unification of two road signals or the unification of three road signals.
Figure 16 and Figure 17 are that export on the road of closing of two signals, just are basic combiner unit.Use this elementary cell form and make up, export on the road of closing that can obtain multiple signals.Be the road of closing of 4 input signals as shown in figure 18.Because signal f1~f4 is mutually irrelevant, so Figure 18 can be as 1~4 road signal closes the road arbitrarily.
3.1 the specific embodiment of the invention 1
The first of present embodiment, stimulus part (excitation of quadrature degenerate mode) just is the excitation that the TE10 mould (other pattern principle is the same) of the TE11 mould (other TEmn or TMmnp mode (in a waveguide cavity) principle are the same) that utilizes circular waveguide or square wave guide is realized input signal.The excitation of signal has a variety of forms, and modal is the probe excitation form, as Figure 19.Because both incentive modes are completely orthogonal, therefore unaffected mutually, can encourage the TE11 orthogonal modes independently.Because coupling probe can link to each other with coaxial cable well, therefore this form is easy to and will uses the signal excitation of coaxial line transmission in waveguide.In theory, this excitation is loss-free.By above-mentioned this scheme, realize input signal f1 and f2 are input in two kinds of circular waveguides or the square wave guide losslessly.Figure 19 a~Figure 19 d shows circular waveguide, square wave guide and probe excitation situation respectively.Other irregular transmission line also can adopt, as the irregular waveguide of Figure 19 e, as long as this transmission line can encourage orthogonal mode just passable.But, the frequency range of considering input signal can not too wide (in order to avoid exceeding the bandwidth of operation of transmission line, coupler), and the pattern after the polarization conversion between the signal also identical (being convenient to the output conversion), therefore the transmission line of Figure 19 e generally will have close communication mode, if degeneracy basically just.Therefore, the transmission line of Figure 19 e presents the certain structure symmetry to the signal input point.Certainly, the certain deviation on the engineering also allows.
Figure 20 a is circular waveguide and rectangular waveguide, and Figure 20 b is square wave guide and rectangular waveguide, adjusts the length of rectangular waveguide short circuit face X1 and X2 among Figure 20 C, as X1=n λ g/ 2+ λ g/ 8, X2=X1 ± λ g/ 4, then can be so that two TE10 signals of two other rectangular waveguide mouth input are transferred to the circular waveguide vertical with rectangular waveguide from same plane, ordinary circumstance is left-handed and the dextrorotation elliptical polarization, special is left-handed and the linear polarization of right-handed circular polarization or quadrature.Increase pin in the rectangular waveguide bottom and can obtain better coupling.Figure 20 d is the combination of rectangular waveguide and circular waveguide, utilizes diaphragm or pin can stop signal f2 to propagate to the input of f1.Multiple transmission line quadrature excitation input form is arranged, more than lifted some examples, as space is limited, not explanation one by one.
The second portion of present embodiment, just pattern merges in the transmission line, is to adopt circular waveguide to finishing to the conversion of elliptic waveguide or rectangular waveguide other waveguides such as (or) ridge waveguides.The conversion conversion can be slow variation, also can be mutant form.But generally adopt slow variation,, reduce reflection loss to greatest extent to reach level and smooth mode switch.As shown in figure 21.Show that respectively circular waveguide arrives elliptic waveguide, the circular waveguide polarization conversion to rectangular waveguide.The similar polarization conversion of square wave guide of constructing to elliptic waveguide and square wave guide to rectangular waveguide.
The third part of present embodiment is signal output.Through behind the second portion, all signals in the transmission line all have identical polarised direction.Can pass through same output coupling device like this, all signals in the transmission line all are coupled out.So just, finish multiple signals and be synthesized to the lossless road of closing of one tunnel output signal.When requiring identical signal to synthesize, to consider that also signal is complete constant amplitude homophase when coupling output.Output coupling device can be a probe, coupling loop, aperture coupling or waveguide-coupled (if in the end face waveguide-coupled, then finishing naturally) etc.Figure 22 is probe coupling schematic diagram, adjusts the length of probe and in the distance (being approximately 1/4 wavelength) of waveguide short face, reach good coupling after, just can be coupled out signal f1 and f2 with same probe, pass in coaxial line or the microstrip line.
The cross-sectional schematic that three parts combine such as Figure 22.For narrating for purpose of brevity, only introduce the one-way transmission form.Figure 22 a is the side coupled mode, and Figure 22 b is the end face coupled mode.End face and different combining forms such as side, coupling probe and coupling loop, its principle is all identical, does not therefore list one by one.Signal flow is as follows: two paths of signals f1 and f2 are imported by 300 (probes etc.), are coupled in the waveguide independently of each other.Pass through the mode switch 302 of second portion then, make the polarizations of original quadrature rotate, become polarization in the same way by polarization orthogonal.What the ending of second portion was adopted among this figure is rectangular waveguide, and reality also can adopt the waveguide of other forms such as elliptic waveguide (as shown in phantom in Figure 22), ridge waveguide.The signal of output but also can be in other position generally two input signal position intermediate, and this is easy to realize by the distortion of mode switch section and deflection.Perhaps the distortion by the output coupled section realizes.All these are trickle not to influence enforcement of the present invention.Third part is a coupling unit 304, and two identical signals of polarization model identical are coupled out, and outputs to together in the outside same transmission line (coaxial line).What coupling unit adopted among the figure is the probe form, but as previously described, can also be other form.The position of coupling both can be as shown in FIG. in the side of waveguide, also can be at the end face of waveguide.Can carry out incomplete medium in three parts and fill, and the filling ratio and the medium of every part are of different types.It also can be complete filling.Medium is filled the volume size that can reduce mixer, also can be used as the attachment of metal plating under the complete filling situation, substitutes wave-guide cavity wave.
Figure 23 shows that three parts do not have the situation of obvious boundary.Figure 23 a is the waveguide schematic diagram, and Figure 23 b is the coaxial line schematic diagram.Whole mixer is the continuous transformation form and finishes three partial functions, can't distinguish the physical boundary of three parts.All there is not physical boundaries clearly between orthogonal mode excitation 400, pattern polarization conversion 402 and the output conversion 404.This form can shorten the volume of mixer.In addition, can adopt ridge waveguide or with method broadening operating frequency ranges such as medium parcel probes, these all belong to some known technique and skills, do not describe in detail one by one at this.
3.2 the specific embodiment of the invention 2
The embodiment of the invention 2 is seen Figure 24, and its first is identical with embodiment 1, and third part is also identical with embodiment 1.Different is second portion, just realizes the conversion of polarised direction by metallic membrane and pin.Figure 24 a and Figure 24 b are respectively circular waveguide and circular waveguide or rectangular waveguide.As shown in the figure, 502 is the polarized signal of having imported, and places diaphragm and pin 504 in waveguide, because the effect of diaphragm and pin, make that the electric field polarization vector parallel with metallic membrane or pin progressively weakens, and only be left and the metallic membrane electric field polarization vector vertical with pin.By such principle, making the signal of original polarization orthogonal becomes the identical signal 506 of polarization.What select in the present embodiment is circular waveguide and rectangular waveguide, and other waveguide (as circular waveguide and elliptic waveguide combination, square wave guide and rectangular waveguide combination, square wave guide and elliptic waveguide combination etc.) principle is similar.Shown in Figure 24 c and Figure 24 b, also two walls about waveguide separately are shown in Figure 24 e in the middle of the waveguide for diaphragm among this figure.
3.3 the specific embodiment of the invention 3
The first of the embodiment of the invention 3 is similar to other embodiment with third part, and second portion is a sudden change formula polarization conversion, sees Figure 25.Polarized signal 602 is transmitted in the circular waveguide transmission with the TE11 mould, and 604 are the conversion of circular waveguide to rectangular waveguide, in order to produce better coupling, can increase match block at the waveguide turning.Signal after the polarization conversion transmits with rectangular waveguide TE10 mould.
3.4 the specific embodiment of the invention 4
Present embodiment is to adopt the conversion of coaxial line to microstrip line (also can be that coaxial line is to coaxial line).The first step 700 is with signal f1 and f2, is input in the coaxial line with orthogonal modes.This part and other embodiment are similar, can with the polarization orthogonal pattern signal be imported at the side or the end face of coaxial line, and sectional view is seen Figure 26 a, and the 701st, the outer conductor of coaxial line.Second step 702 was that coaxial outer conductor 701 is progressively ftractureed, and in this process, it is consistent that signal originally progressively becomes polarization by polarization orthogonal, finally finished polarization and transformed, and sectional view is seen Figure 26 b, the 703rd, and the inner wire of coaxial line.The 3rd step 704 was to export conversion, and with microstrip line output, sectional view is seen Figure 26 c, the 705th, microstrip line at last.In fact, third part also can forward coaxial line to easily, and the dotted line 706 among Figure 26 c is the outer conductor of coaxial line at this moment, and 705 is the inner wire of coaxial line.
3.5 the specific embodiment of the invention 5
The embodiment of the invention 5 is seen Figure 27, and its first is similar with other embodiment, and third part is also similar with other embodiment.Main difference be second portion, just, realize the conversion of polarised direction as the ferrite diaphragm by anisotropic polarization sheet.A plurality of polarized waves 802 are transmission in circular waveguide (or square wave guide etc.), the 804th, the polarization sheet that the material of anisotropic (as ferrite) is made, this polarization sheet becomes the transmission signals of different linear polarizations the signal 808 of same direction of rotation under the effect of excitation wire bag 806.And then, circularly polarized signal is converted to linear polarization 814 through the polarizer that another polarization sheet 812 and excitation wire bag 810 are formed.What select in the present embodiment is circular waveguide, and other wave guide principles is similar.
3.6 the specific embodiment of the invention 6
The embodiment of the invention is seen Figure 28, is a kind of special circumstances.Its first is similar with other embodiment, and second portion and third part unite two into one.As Figure 28, orthogonally polarized signal 902 imports in the waveguide 904, and the probe 906 through special can be coupled out polarized signal uniformly, sends in the coaxial line.Shown in the figure is a kind of rhombus probe 906, also has the probe of some other forms, and as spheroidal probe, semicircle probe, triangle probe and Bowtie probe (the dendritic probe of a kind of picture), they also can reach identical effect.Figure 28 a and Figure 28 b have shown circular waveguide and rectangular waveguide situation respectively, and other waveguide is not described one by one.In addition, except adopting probe, from duality principle as can be known, also can adopt the insensitive coupling loop of polarised direction.
3.7 the specific embodiment of the invention 7
Present embodiment is a particular example, has described three signals are mixed into one the tunnel.Be respectively the situation of cube and spheroid as Figure 29 a and Figure 29 b, three input signals are respectively with the direction input of orthogonal space, and output then selects have identical 45 to spend the direction of angles with three inputs.Output can adopt probe or coupling loop to realize, can use for reference embodiment 6 in the design.

Claims (6)

1, the wideband non-loss mixing method of high-frequency signal is characterized in that: the wideband non-loss mixing method of described high-frequency signal comprises the lossless input conversion of high-frequency signal and lossless polarization conversion two steps of high-frequency signal:
(1), first step is that the signal lossless that needs merge is delivered to same space with consuming;
By various excitations, induction or coupling measure, the signal that needs are mixed becomes the polarization mode in certain space, normally orthogonal modes.
(2), second step is the lossless polarization conversion of high-frequency signal, the conversion of signals that polarization is different becomes the identical signal of polarization;
By the lossless polarization conversion of high-frequency signal, make the different conversion of signals of polarization become the identical signal of polarization; After hyperpolarization transformed, the polarization of signal became identical, and since signal in same transducer, mode of operation is also just identical, signal has also just mixed losslessly.
2, the wideband non-loss mixing method of high-frequency signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the conversion of described high-frequency signal polarization, and the mode of employing is:
Utilize the conversion of transmission line to make polarization change, in the initial end of conversion transmission line is ridge waveguide, the coaxial line with the transmission line of orthogonal modes such as circular waveguide, square wave guide, symmetry, at the end end of conversion transmission line is only to allow the transmission line of propagation of single polarization mode such as rectangular waveguide, elliptic waveguide, microstrip line, coaxial line, is the transition portion of two kinds of transmission lines between conversion initial end and conversion end of volume (EOV) end; Finally make to become the identical single port of polarization by a plurality of ports that in same transmission line, form, thereby finish the mixing of signal because of the difference that polarizes.
3, the wideband non-loss mixing method of high-frequency signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the conversion of described high-frequency signal polarization, and the mode of employing is:
Utilize feasible polarization such as diaphragm or pin to change, i.e. elimination and diaphragm or the parallel polarization components of pin bar, the only remaining polarization components vertical with diaphragm or pin makes the signal of different polarization become polarization in the same way.
4, the wideband non-loss mixing method of high-frequency signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the conversion of described high-frequency signal polarization, and the mode of employing is:
Utilize the polarization phase shifter to make polarization change, make the polarization of a plurality of signals become polarization in the same way by difference.
5, the wideband non-loss mixing method of high-frequency signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the conversion of described high-frequency signal polarization, and the mode of employing is:
Utilize coupling probe to make polarization change, by with the overstriking of coupling probe antenna, reduce the sensitiveness of coupling probe to polarised direction, make the signal of different polarised directions can both in antenna, obtain complete signal coupling, thereby signal with the difference polarization, in the same coupling probe of lossless or low-loss ground coupling, thereby the lossless or low-loss that realizes different polarized signals mixes.
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Application publication date: 20090401