CN101384687A - Residual fuel oil additive - Google Patents
Residual fuel oil additive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101384687A CN101384687A CNA2006800531875A CN200680053187A CN101384687A CN 101384687 A CN101384687 A CN 101384687A CN A2006800531875 A CNA2006800531875 A CN A2006800531875A CN 200680053187 A CN200680053187 A CN 200680053187A CN 101384687 A CN101384687 A CN 101384687A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- extract
- organometallic compound
- dope
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 79
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AGDYNDJUZRMYRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl nitrate Chemical class CCCCCCO[N+]([O-])=O AGDYNDJUZRMYRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001146 hypoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Natural products OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAPFWGOSHOCNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl nitrate Chemical compound CC(C)O[N+]([O-])=O GAPFWGOSHOCNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nitrate Chemical compound CO[N+]([O-])=O LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000346 nonvolatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWRBSYOTDDOXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-yl nitrate Chemical compound CCCC(C)O[N+]([O-])=O RWRBSYOTDDOXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZKKVJFBZPJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-yl nitrate Chemical compound CCC(CC)O[N+]([O-])=O WQZKKVJFBZPJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003008 phosphonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001915 proofreading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JNTOKFNBDFMTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCO[N+]([O-])=O JNTOKFNBDFMTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000014860 sensory perception of taste Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AZAKMLHUDVIDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl nitrate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[N+]([O-])=O AZAKMLHUDVIDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
- C10L9/12—Oxidation means, e.g. oxygen-generating compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/1241—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof metal carbonyls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/1802—Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1886—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof naphthenic acid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Fuel additives are disclosed for high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuels such as residual fuel oil or coal. Such additives provide improved combustion characteristics. Such improved combustion characteristics include one or both of improved efficiency and decreased emissions of pollutants. In particular, the fuel additives include an extract from a plant such as fescue, alfeque, or alfalfa, and optionally, an organometallic compound. The use of a fuel additive including both a plant extract and an organometallic compound is particularly useful in improving the combustion characteristics of fuels with particularly high asphaltene content.
Description
The cross reference of related application
[0001] the application requires the rights and interests of the provisional application submitted on December 21st, 2005 number 60/753,318, introduces the whole disclosure of the document for reference.
Technical field
[0002] carbonaceous fuel that the present invention relates to the to have high asphaltene content fuel dope of residual fuel oil and coal for example.The oxides of nitrogen emissions and in the improved efficiency of combustion one or more that can comprise particulate matter emissions, the reduction of reduction by the interests of using this kind fuel dope to obtain.
Background of invention
[0003] carbonaceous fuel with high asphaltene content for example residual fuel oil and coal when burning, often discharge big energy, therefore, wherein needing can be used for the application of low cost, high-energy fuel.Yet the high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel of this kind burns under than the inefficient situation of other hydrocarbon fuel usually, and may comprise a large amount of undesirable compounds usually, the pollution level that described restriction is burnt and caused improving.
[0004] residual fuel oil (being also referred to as ＂ Residual oil ＂ or ＂ resid fuels ＂) is normally than remaining low product after the distillation of oils, describedly can comprise gas and oil, rocket engine fuel, diesel oil, No. 4 oil fuel and No. 5 lightweights or heavy fuel oil (HFO) than oils.The example of residual fuel oil comprises No. 6 oil fuel and C level oil fuel peculiar to vessel.
[0005] compound that is called ＂ asphaltene ＂ generally includes multi-nucleus aromatic compound and/or many ring materials.Though some part in the world for example North America often has for example specification of the amount of residual fuel oil medium pitch alkene of fuel limitation, this class A fuel A is compared the asphaltene that still has higher level with other than light hydrocarbon fuel.For example, in the U.S., specification is restricted to the asphaltene content of residual fuel oil less than about 8wt%.Yet, other area in the world, the asphaltene specification does not often exist, or is higher than in the North America those significantly.Therefore, other geographic residual fuel oil can have 10wt% or higher asphaltene content in the world.As the carbonaceous fuel of suitable heavy, coal also often has the ring structure of high density, and described ring structure may comprise anthracene and phenanthrene, this anthracene and the luxuriant and rich with fragrance ＂ asphaltene ＂ that will be included as concerning this specification sheets.Should be noted that along with the coal older ＂ of ＂ that becomes, how such ring forms and becomes and interconnects so that coal also can be thought high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel.Concerning this specification sheets, the high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel of term ＂ ＂ is intended to contain widely the asphaltene content carbonaceous fuel of 4wt% at least.
[0006] example of the pollutent that may be produced by the burning of high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel comprises ozone, particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide (NO
x), sulfurous gas, multi-nucleus aromatic compound and the organic fraction of solubility.In the U.S., many positions and state organization have or are just taking ambient air quality, this quality standard low incendiary discharge from high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel of begging to surrender possibly.The user of Residual oil comprises power station and seagoing vessel.In the Southern California, for example, the discharge that enters the ship at harbour, Los Angeles is thought the main cause that regional air pollutes.
[0007] refinery has spent sizable effort and has prepared the fuel that reduces discharge.The most frequently used approach of preparation conformability fuel comprises that regulating refinery practice makes preparation satisfy the fuel of the specification of suitable government organs' proposition.Yet this kind approach is difficult to residual fuel, and the shortcoming of this kind approach comprises and resets the expensive of refinery processes and to the possible negative influence of the quantity or the quality of other refining product.
Summary of the invention
[0008] embodiment of the present invention comprise system, the method and composition that improved combustioncharacteristics can be provided for high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel.One of during the pollutent that can comprise the efficiency of combustion of raising by the example of the improved combustioncharacteristics of embodiment of the present invention and reduce is discharged or both.The example of the pollutent that can reduce comprises ozone, particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide (NO
x), in sulfurous gas, multi-nucleus aromatic compound and the organic fraction of solubility one or more.
[0009] in some embodiments, provide the fuel dope that comprises plant milk extract.In this manual, term ＂ plant milk extract ＂ is intended to contain widely the extract of all types of plants, gets rid of tree root and bark, and even comprises for example algae of plant.The plant milk extract that is fit to is the extract that derives from green and other color plant, because this type of plant often has the desirable extract of high density.Yet, even white and light plant comprise this type of extract, but concentration is lower.Especially the extract of Shi Heing derives from green and other dark-coloured leafy plant and for example derives from those of pulse family class, comprises fescue, alfeque and clover.
[0010] in a preferred embodiment, plant milk extract is combined with organo metallic material.Being included into of organometallic compound is particularly useful for handling the fuel with especially high asphaltene content (8wt.% or higher).The example of organo metallic material is a hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound, comprises the metal that is selected from first and second row's transition metal.Especially favourable a kind of metal is an iron, and especially the organo metallic material of Shi Heing comprises pentacarbonyl iron, iron naphthenate, ferrocene and its combination.Fuel dope can randomly comprise the oil soluble carrier.The example of the oil soluble carrier that is fit to comprises hydrocarbon for example toluene, aromatic blend, petroleum naphtha, gas and oil, diesel oil, rocket engine fuel and their mixture.In one embodiment, the oil soluble carrier is unoxidized.
[0011] in certain embodiments, fuel dope can comprise other optional ingredients.The composition of examples of such optional can comprise one or more in oxygen carrier, stable auxiliary agent, oilness auxiliary agent, antioxidant and the combustion improving agent.Spiraea oil can be used as stable auxiliary agent, antioxidant and oilness auxiliary agent.The oxygen carrier that is fit to comprises carotenoid.The example of antioxidant comprises 1, the 2-dihydroquinoline, specifically, and 2,2,4-trimethylammonium-6-oxyethyl group-1,2-dihydroquinoline.The example of combustion improving agent comprises the compound that is called cetane number improver or ignition accelerator.The example of combustion improving agent comprises for example nitric acid 2-ethylhexyl of alkyl nitrate ester selected.
[0012] in another embodiment of the invention, the improving one's methods of the combustioncharacteristics of high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel be included in before the burning or during above-mentioned fuel dope is added in the high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel.
[0013] in another embodiment of the invention, additivated high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel is provided, it comprises high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel and above-mentioned fuel dope.
[0014] in another embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of fuel dope comprises plant milk extract is mixed with in oil soluble carrier and organo metallic material, oxygen carrier, stable auxiliary agent, oilness auxiliary agent, antioxidant and the combustion improving agent one or more.In another embodiment of the invention, in the atmosphere of oxygen-free or reduction oxygen, prepare fuel dope, and randomly can comprise the step of during preparation getting rid of the UV source of radiation.In another embodiment, use unoxidized oil soluble carrier and unoxidized oxygen carrier.
[0015] plant milk extract that uses in the various embodiments of the present invention can obtain from the whole plant that uses the hydrocarbon soluble solvent by solvent extraction.Can use polarity or non-polar hydrocarbon soluble solvent for extraction.The extract that is produced by extraction process is to comprise the raw material that surpasses 300 kinds of independent compounds.In one embodiment, extract has paste or muddy denseness, and it can be called solid or semisolid, rather than liquid.This kind extract comprises Chlorophyll A and Chlorophyll B usually, and wherein the concentration of Chlorophyll A is higher than Chlorophyll B.The color of this kind extract is aterrimus-green normally, has fluorescence to a certain degree.This kind extract can reclaim from most of plants, but green often have higher concentration with more dark-coloured leafy plant.The extract that derives from leguminous plant is fit to.Though it is preferred that this kind solid or semi-solid form it has been generally acknowledged that most of embodiments, in other embodiments, liquid or other form may be fit to, even may be preferred.In addition, can also replace natural plant extracts or use synthetic materials with it together, for example synthetic carotenoid, chlorophyll or xenthophylls (xanthopylls).
[0016] aforementionedly feature of the present invention and technical superiority have been summarized quite widely, so that the detailed description of the invention subsequently can be understood better.Will be described below supplementary features of the present invention and advantage, they form the theme of claim of the present invention.Those skilled in the art should understand, and disclosed notion can be easily with the basis that makes improvements or design other structure of carrying out the identical purpose of the present invention with particular.Those skilled in the art it will also be appreciated that these structures that are equal to do not break away from the listed spirit and scope of the invention of appended claims.When considering, think the novel feature of feature of the present invention (as for its structure and working method), and other purpose and advantage will be understood better from following specification sheets together with accompanying drawing.Yet, should clearly realize that each accompanying drawing only in order to illustrate and to describe and provide, does not wish to be construed as limiting the invention.
Description of drawings
[0017] in order to understand the present invention more completely, the following description of reference in conjunction with the accompanying drawings now, wherein:
[0018] Fig. 1 is the NO that measures at the stove exit place for the various fuel dopes that use in the EERC test
xThe curve of discharge;
[0019] Fig. 2 is the NO that measures at the baghouse place for the various fuel dopes that use in the EERC test
xThe curve of discharge;
[0020] Fig. 3 is the curve of the dust concentration of EERC test;
[0021] Fig. 4 be EERC test divided by the heat flux of fuel firing rate curve to excess air; With
[0022] Fig. 5 is the curve of the feeding rate of EERC test to temperature.
Embodiment
[0023] the term ＂ β-Hu Luobusu mixture ＂ that uses in this specification sheets is defined as the mixture of about 89-about 98% trans β-Hu Luobusu and about 2-11% various cis β-Hu Luobusu isomer or other how unsaturated conjugated hydrocarbon.The example of this kind β-Hu Luobusu mixture is
, by DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, New Jersey product sold.
[0024] embodiment of the present invention relate to system, the method and composition of the combustioncharacteristics of improving high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel.Example that can improved combustioncharacteristics comprises the efficiency of combustion of raising and one or more pollutents for example ozone, particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide (NO
x), the discharging of the reduction of sulfurous gas, multi-nucleus aromatic compound and the organic fraction of solubility.
[0025] in one embodiment, fuel dope comprises plant milk extract.The plant milk extract that is fit to comprises the extract that derives from green leafy vegetable material.The plant milk extract that is particularly useful is the extract that derives from leguminous plant, and described extract can comprise fescue extract, alfeque extract, Herba Medicaginis extract and its combination.Can provide plant milk extract by the amount that meets the following conditions, promptly pending high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel comprises the about 10.000ppm of about 0.5ppm-, the about 2000ppm of preferably approximately 200ppm-, more preferably the plant milk extract weight concentration of about 800ppm.Do not wish to be subjected to theory, the oxygen that should believe this type of plant milk extract assemble performance for high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel for example the burning of residual fuel oil and coal favourable improvement is provided.
[0026] can use and be that extraction method well-known to those having ordinary skill in the art obtains plant milk extract.Usually the preferred solvent-extraction process that uses polarity or non-polar hydrocarbon soluble solvent.Can use any suitable extraction solvent that can from vegetable material, separate the fraction that is fit to.The non-polar solvent that is fit to comprises and contains about 5 or still less to 12 or ring-type, straight chain and the branched paraffin of more a plurality of carbon atoms.The specific examples of acyclic alkane solvent comprises pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, mixing hexane, skellysolve D, skellysolve E, octane-iso etc.The example of naphthenic hydrocarbon solvent comprises pentamethylene, hexanaphthene, suberane, cyclooctane and methylcyclohexane etc.Alkene for example hexene, heptene, octene, nonene and decene also is suitable for, and can use aromatic hydrocarbon for example benzene, toluene and dimethylbenzene equally.Also can use halohydrocarbon such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, methylene dichloride, chloroform, tetracol phenixin, tetrachloroethylene, trieline, trichloroethane and Refrigerant R 113.Usually preferred solvent is C
6-C
12Alkane, particularly normal hexane.
[0027] polar solvent of Shi Heing can include but not limited to, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, other ketone, methyl alcohol, ethanol, other alcohol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), methylene dichloride, chloroform or any polar solvent that other is fit to.
[0028] hexane extraction is the common technology of extract oil from vegetable material.It is the highly effective extraction method that extracts nearly all oil soluble fraction in the vegetable material.In typical hexane extraction, vegetable material is pulverized.Careless and leafy plant can be cut into small pieces, and usually seed is ground or thinly slices.Vegetable material can be granulated into 1/2 to 3/4 inch pellet.Plant material is exposed in the hexane under heating up.Hexane (inflammable, colourless, the volatile solvent of stripping oil) usually only allows seldom the oil of weight percent stay in the residual plant material.Described oil and solvent mixture can be heated to approximately or greater than 100 ℃ to remove most of hexane, can be distilled the hexane of removing all traces then.Perhaps, can remove hexane by vapourisation under reduced pressure.The gained plant milk extract is applicable to preparation fuel dope of the present invention.
[0029] other extracting method comprises the supercritical extraction method, uses carbonic acid gas usually.But other gas for example helium, argon, xenon and nitrogen also can be adapted at being used as solvent in the supercritical extraction method.
[0030] another kind of useful extracting method is a mechanical expression, also claims the expeller squeezing, and its screw rod with driven continuously removes and deoils, and this screw rod is pressed into slurry with seed or other oil-containing material, expressed oil from slurry.The friction that produces in this process can be created in the temperature between about 50 ℃ and 90 ℃, perhaps can apply outer heat.Cold press generally is meant the mechanical expression that carries out and heat outside not applying under 40 ℃ or lower temperature.The productive rate of the oil extract that can obtain from vegetable material may depend on many factors, but depends primarily on the oil-contg of vegetable material.For example, the typical oil-contg of vetch (hexane extraction method, butt) is about 4wt%-5wt%, and the oil-contg of barley is about 2wt%-4.2wt% for the oil-contg of about 6wt%-7.5wt% and clover.
[0031] the vegetable oil extraction thing that is used for food or makeup usually will through additional processing step with remove may influence outward appearance, storage life and the sense of taste etc. impurity to produce more purified product.These impurity can comprise phosphatide, mucilaginous gum, free fatty acids, pigment and plant particulate.Diverse ways is used for removing these by products, comprises water precipitation or precipitates with aqueous solutions of organic acids.Usually remove colored compound by bleaching, wherein make oil usually by sorbent material such as diatom clay.Also can carry out deodorizing, be usually directed to utilize vapor distillation.Though the extract as fuel dope of the present invention can comprise these additional processing step, these additional steps are normally unnecessary.
[0032] fuel dope can randomly comprise organometallic compound.The organometallic compound that is fit to is a hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound, this hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound comprises the metal that is selected from first and second row's transition metal, and especially the organometallic compound of Shi Heing comprises pentacarbonyl iron, iron naphthenate, ferrocene and its combination.Being included into of organometallic compound thinks that the combustioncharacteristics that especially can be used for improving fuel, this fuel have the residual fuel oil that especially high asphaltene content is for example used in the regions of the world outside the North America.Can provide organometallic compound by the amount that meets the following conditions, be that pending fuel comprises about 0.5ppm-about 10,000ppm (pressing metal), the about 2000ppm of preferably approximately 200ppm-(pressing metal), the more preferably weight concentration of the organometallic compound of about 800ppm (pressing metal).Do not wish to be subjected to theory, should believe being included into of organometallic compound to providing catalytic effect by the promoted reaction of plant milk extract material.
[0033] fuel dope can further comprise spiraea oil.Spiraea oil has many useful performances, and can be used as oxygen carrier, stable auxiliary agent and antioxidant.Have oxygen gathering performance because be used for the plant milk extract of fuel dope, and therefore, may be unsettled, material for example being included into of spiraea oil can help to keep the stability of plant milk extract and stop their oxidation.
[0034] said composition can further randomly comprise at least a carotene, and it can be by the β-Hu Luobusu mixture for example
Form provides.Though disclose for example β-Hu Luobusu mixture of carotenoid, other molecule with the pi of the expansion that contains about 2-11 or more a plurality of conjugated double bonds or double bond structure thinks also that when being used as the additive of Residual oil or other hydrocarbon fuel class A fuel A provides improved combustioncharacteristics for this reason.This type of structure division that comprises the molecule of double bond structure can be by at least one end group end-blocking, and this end group also comprises saturated or undersaturated aromatics, ring-type or branching 5-8 carbon structure part.Example comprises pentamethylene, cyclopentenes, hexanaphthene, tetrahydrobenzene, suberane, suberene, iso-pentane or isopentene.Aromatic structure is also thought the π structure expanded.Unsaturated/aromatics part and end group can also comprise various other substituting groups, for example hydroxyl, ketone group, alkyl, thiazolinyl and its combination.In addition, additive molecule can comprise about 40 or 50 carbon atoms of 12-.This quasi-molecule is found in the mixture of synthetic carotene precursor.Examples of such additives can be obtained by natural or synthetic source.
[0035] in addition, Lyeopene is another example of the carotene that is fit to.Carotenoid that other is fit to and carotene precursor disclose in the German Patent 954,247 of issue in 1956, and the document is introduced for reference.
[0036] if fuel dope comprises carotene, then it can further comprise antioxidant.The antioxidant that is fit to comprises alkylphenol for example 2-tert.-butyl phenol, 2,6 di t butyl phenol, the 2-tertiary butyl-4-normal-butyl phenol, 2,4,6-tri-butyl-phenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-normal-butyl phenol and their mixture.The stablizer of fraction fuel in the middle of these antioxidants are suitable as.Other antioxidant comprises hindered phenol antioxidant for example 2,6-two-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-two-tert-butyl phenol; 2,2 '-methylene-bis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol); Octadecane base 3-(3,5-two-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic ester; 1,1,3-three (3-tert-butyl-6-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) butane; Tetramethylolmethane four [3-(3,5-two-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic ester]; Two-Octadecane base (3,5-two-tert-butyl-4-acrinyl) phosphonic acid ester; 2,4,6-three (3,5-two-tert-butyl-4-acrinyl) sym-trimethylbenzene; Three (3,5-two-tert-butyl-4-acrinyl) isocyanuric acid ester is derived from tetramethylolmethane ester and its combination altogether of tetramethylolmethane, (3-alkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-paraffinic acid and alkyl sulfide paraffinic acid or this type of sour lower alkyl esters.This type of stablizer can be with usually oxidation and/or the responsive organic materials of heat deterioration being used.The reaction product of propanedioic acid, lauric aldehyde and tallow amine usefully also; The phenyl-phosphite that is obstructed; Hindered piperidine carboxylic acid and metal-salt thereof; 2, the acylated derivatives of assorted nitrogen dicyclo [3.3.1] nonane of 6-dihydroxyl-9-; The dicyclo hindered amine; Dialkyl group-4-hydroxyphenyltriazinuv contain sulfur derivatives; Dicyclo be obstructed amino acid and its metal-salt; The acrinyl malonic ester that trialkyl replaces; Hindered piperidine carboxylic acid and metal-salt thereof, tetramethyleneimine dicarboxylic acid and ester; N, the metal-salt of the Beta-alanine that two generations of N-get; Sulfo-alkylidene group phosphorous acid hydrocarbyl carbonate; Sulfo-alkylidene group phosphorous acid acrinyl ester etc.
[0037] can be used for special antioxidants of the present invention is for example 1,2 dihydroquinoline compound of quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline compound.More particularly, 6-oxyethyl group-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline (being commonly referred to ethoxyquin) may be used as antioxidant.Ethoxyquin is by NovusInternational Inc., St.Louis, and Missouri is with trade mark
Sell, and be widely used as the antioxidant of animal-feed and army provisions.
[0038] fuel dope of the present invention can also comprise combustion improving agent for example cetane number improver or ignition accelerator.The combustion improving agent that is fit to is the organic nitrates material.Preferred organic nitrates is to replace or unsubstituted about at the most 10 carbon atoms, the alkyl or cycloalkyl nitric ether of preferred 2-10 carbon atom of containing.Alkyl can be linearity or branching.The specific examples of the nitrate compound that is fit to comprises methyl nitrate, ethyl nitrate, n-Propyl Nitrate, isopropyl nitrate, nitric acid allyl ester, the positive butyl ester of nitric acid, isobutyl nitrate, the secondary butyl ester of nitric acid, the nitric acid tert-butyl ester, the nitric acid n-pentyl ester, isoamyl nitrate, 1-Methylbutyl nitrate, nitric acid 3-pentyl ester, the just own ester of nitric acid tert-pentyl ester, nitric acid, nitric acid 2-ethylhexyl, the positive heptyl ester of nitric acid, the secondary heptyl ester of nitric acid, nitric acid n-octyl, the secondary monooctyl ester of nitric acid, nitric acid ester in the positive ninth of the ten Heavenly Stems, nitric acid ester in the positive last of the ten Heavenly stems, nitric acid dodecyl ester, nitric acid ring pentyl ester, cyclohexyl nitrate, nitric acid methyl cyclohexane ester, nitric acid sec.-propyl cyclohexyl, with the aliphatic alcohol ester of alkoxyl group replacement, for example nitric acid 1-methoxyl group-2-propyl ester, nitric acid 1-oxyethyl group-2-propyl ester, nitric acid 1-sec.-propyl-butyl ester and nitric acid 1-oxyethyl group butyl ester etc.Preferred alkyl nitrate ester selected is the own ester of ethyl nitrate, propyl nitrate, amyl nitrate and nitric acid.Other preferred alkyl nitrate ester selected is the mixture of nitric acid uncle's pentyl ester or primary hexyl nitrates ester.So-called ＂ uncle ＂ is meant the CH of nitrate functional group and amyl group or hexyl
2Base connects.The example of primary hexyl nitrates base ester comprises the just own ester of nitric acid, nitric acid 2-ethylhexyl and nitric acid 4-methyl-n-pentyl ester etc.The preparation of nitric ether can be finished by any common method, for example, is fit to the esterification of alcohol, or alkyl halide that is fit to and Silver Nitrate reaction.These additives can be by the amount existence identical or different with other component of fuel dope.
[0039] fuel dope can also comprise thinner or solvent carrier.This kind carrier is useful, because generally speaking, the lower concentration of the specific components of fuel dope effectively obtains desirable result, and therefore, uses carrier to simplify the interpolation of fuel dope.The use of carrier can further help to keep component and be in dissolving, and can help to stop the oxidation of component.
[0040] solvent that is fit to as carrier comprises aromatic hydrocarbon for example toluene or dimethylbenzene, or other hydrocarbon one or more in gas and oil, rocket engine fuel or the diesel oil for example.In one embodiment, use the mixing aromatic solvent that comprises various xylene isomers.The example of these solvents comprises those that can be purchased and sell with name of an article AROMATIC 100FLUID and AROMATIC 150 FLUID from ExxonMobil Chemical in North America.In one embodiment, use the mixture of AROMATIC 100 FLUID and AROMATIC 150 FLUID.
[0041] when with the specific components blend of fuel dope, the preparation fuel dope may be useful with the oxidation that stops fuel additive component in anaerobic or hypoxic atmosphere.Randomly, can get rid of therein the UV source of radiation with under the condition of further prevention component degradation with the component blend.
[0042] fuel dope comprises that plant milk extract is for example in those embodiments of fescue extract, alfeque extract or Herba Medicaginis extract, spiraea oil and carotene therein, the weight ratio of plant milk extract and carotene can be about about 20:1 of 50:1-, the about 10:1 of preferably approximately 24:1-.The ratio of the milliliter of the gram of plant milk extract and spiraea oil can be about about 20:1 of 12:1-, the about 10:1 of preferably approximately 6:1-.The milliliter of spiraea oil can be about about 20:1 of 12:1-, the about 1:1 of preferably approximately 6:1-with the ratio of the gram of carotene.
[0043] fuel dope comprises in those embodiments of carotene and antioxidant therein, and the ratio of carotene and antioxidant can be about about 1:1 of 20:1-, the about 5:1 of preferably approximately 15:1-, more preferably about 10:1.
[0044] in another embodiment of the invention, when fuel dope comprised plant milk extract and spiraea oil, these two kinds of materials can provide by the weight ratio of the about 100:1 of about 1:100-.In one embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the plant milk extract in total fuel additive composition can be about about 6wt% of 0.06wt%-, the about 3wt% of preferably approximately 0.12wt%-.The concentration of spiraea oil can be the about 5wt% of about 0.05wt%-of total fuel additive composition, is preferably about 0.5wt% of total fuel additive composition.
[0045] this kind fuel dope can be blended in the high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel so that this plant milk extract and organo metallic material are present in this fuel by the concentration that provides above.
[0046] therein fuel dope comprise plant milk extract, not in the embodiment of oxidation carotene, antioxidant and spiraea oil, some factor can be used for determining the suitable ratio of component.These factors can comprise fuel will incendiary height above sea level, use the type of this engine fuel or device and specific fuel performance.The dissimilar engines or the example of device comprise two-stroke diesel engine and stationary boiler.The example of associated fuel performance comprises sulphur content, mercaptans content, olefin(e) centent, aromaticity content and asphaltene content.For example, if fuel has 1wt% or higher high sulfur content, or 25wt% or higher high aromaticity content, can regulate this ratio so that additional plant milk extract or additional not oxidation carotene are provided.
[0047], provides additivated fuel, wherein aforesaid fuel dope and the blend of high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel according to another embodiment of the invention.The fuel composition of preparing according to embodiment of the present invention can further comprise other known additives for example sanitising agent, antioxidant, emulsion splitter, sanitas, metal passivator, thinner, cold flow improver and thermo-stabilizer.
[0048] according to another embodiment of the invention, the improving one's methods of the combustioncharacteristics of high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel be included in before the burning or during add this kind fuel dope in the high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel step.
[0049] can be by many different modes with fuel dope residual fuel oil of the present invention.For example, treat that the incendiary residual fuel oil can be by pre-mixing to comprise fuel dope.In another example, fuel dope is injected the residual fuel oil flow of positive supplied burner or other combustion equipment.In such embodiment, can use the metering injected system to inject fuel dope.This kind metering injected system can randomly be passed through computer system control, and this computer system can be optimized to the mobile operation with optimized combustion equipment of any or all component of combustion equipment.
[0050], can add this type of fuel dope by many different modes similarly for coal.For example, can before burning, fuel dope be sprayed on the coal.Perhaps, can use above-mentioned metering injected system with fuel dope with the coal pumping or spray into coal burner.
The EERC laboratory test
[0051] at Grand Forks, test batch in the EERC laboratory of North Dakota..Six barrels of residual fuel oils are used for this test.This residual fuel oil is by at Houston, the Sun Coast Resources of Texas supply.Provide in the performance table 1 of employed residual fuel oil.It has about 2.63% moderate sulfur content, has the very higher calorific value of 44.5MJ/kg under 2.40% moisture content.Karl Fischer water-content is determined as 0.21%.The volatile content of sample is determined as 89.30%, wherein has fixed carbon with 8.29% level.Under 2.0% stack gas oxygen concn, the theoretical discharge limit of sulfurous gas is determined as 1714ppm.This is equal to the sulfurous gas (SO of 1.18kg/MJ
2) ER for emission rate.This residual fuel oil has 0.9952 proportion, and sedimental measurement is decided to be 0.05%.Table 1 also provides approximate, the limit of the residual fuel oil tested and the theoretical discharge limit of calorific value analysis and sulphur.
Residual fuel oil analysis (standard A STM* analysis) during table 1. burning
* American Society for testing and materials
[0052] cooling stores residual fuel oil before test.Use barrel heater heating residual fuel oil to 121 ℃, then it is transferred to the hopper that is positioned at the pump top.Barrel heater being lashed on the groove of hopper to keep residual fuel oil is hot at duration of test, for the use of in-test shown here, and 113 ℃-118 ℃ of average out to.Though oil looks like suitable heavy-gravity under this temperature, keep homogeneous phase and consequently reach the feeding rate that can easily control to the combustion chamber for all trial periods.
[0053] testing apparatus of EERC equipment comprises stove, and this stove has the residual fuel oil capacity of about 19kg/hr (845MJ/hr).This combustion chamber diameter is 0.76 meter, and is high 2.44 meters, and is refractory-lined so that the combustion test of various types of fuel.The stove diameter can be reduced to 0.66 meter temperature that enters convection channel with raising.Reached stove exit gas temperature (FEGT) during by the combustion test of this pattern up to 1400 ℃.Yet, use standard construction (0.76 meter internal diameter) to carry out the great majority test, wherein FEGT maintains between 1100 ℃ and 1200 ℃, but usually FEGT is brought up between 1250 ℃ and 1300 ℃ for the burning of residual fuel oil.Use is positioned at two class S thermopairs of top of combustion chamber and monitors FEGT.They are located at the mid point that is converted to horizontal flow from vertical current and are separated by 180 °.By being adjusted in the valve artificially control excess air levels on the secondary airflow of advocating peace.Typical distribution is 15% to advocate peace 85% pair to reach 20% typical excess air levels.
[0054] when for example residual fuel oil is lighted a fire with liquid fuel, use pump fuel to be transported in the combustion chamber via the two-fluid atomizer.Air or steam are commonly used for atomizing fluids.By electric air heater combustion air is preheated.Introduce the secondary air of heating via adjustable cyclone burner.Stack gas flows into 10 inches square pipe from stove, and this pipeline also is refractory-lined.Be arranged in the design of ducted Vertrical probe group and be used for the superheated surface of simulate commercial boiler.After leaving the probe pipeline, stack gas is passed a series of water-cooleds, refractory-lined interchanger and a series of air cooled heat exchanger, discharges so that remove degranulation via electrostatic precipitator (ESP) or baghouse (BH) then.
[0055] at EERC equipment, the assessed in relation flame stability of the observation by flame under full load and under adjusting condition and itself and burner refractory brick, this burner refractory brick is the function of secondary air swirl and operational condition.International Flame ResearchFoundation (IFRF) type can be regulated secondary air swirl generation machine and use about 15% and 85% the secondary air of advocating peace that accounts for total air respectively to regulate vortex between 0 and 1.9 the maximum value.Vortex is defined as by the movable block in the burner and is applied to the ratio of radially (tangentially) momentum on the secondary air and axial momentum and is used for being provided with internal reflux district (IRZ) in flame, and this recirculating zone allows the bigger mixing of combustion air and fuel.Vortex is rotated to produce on secondary airflow by the alternate path that moving mass applies so that radial flow and tangential flow to be set, and this rotation increases the turbulent flow in the nearly burner region.
[0056] under the full-gear of vortex piece, secondary air passes unaffected cyclone burner, and the momentum of this air-flow only has axial component so that air enters the combustion chamber as jet.When the angle of this piece changed, air began to rotate or ＂ vortex ＂ and form the radial component of momentum, thereby is producing IRZ in nearly burner region.It is this radial component of this momentum and the ratio of the axial component that forms the quantity that is defined as vortex.
[0057] be made of two annular plates and the chain wedge of two series connection the cyclone burner regulated that EERC uses at the flame stability duration of test, each polyphone lock wedge is connected with one of this plate.This two chunk can form alternative radially and tangential flow passage, thus airflow be divided into equal numbers radially and tangential gas flow, this air-flow becomes an eddy current in combined downstream far away.By rotary moveable plate simply, the radial passage is little by little sealed and tangential passage is opened so that the gained flux of moment of momentum increases between the zero-sum maximum value continuously.This maximum vortex setting depends on that vortex produces the total air flow speed and the geometrical shape of machine.Vortex can be calculated or by measurement (the obtaining radial and axial component) calculating of the speed of airflow by the size of movable block (ratio of the tangential and radial opening of this block).
[0058] being used for secondary air swirl makes flame stabilization.Do not having to cause the loss of flame under the situation of vortex, thereby improving the risk of dust from flying.When being applied to vortex on the combustion air, the fuel small droplets is entrained among the IRZ, thereby improves the particulate heating rate and cause the release and the coke of the raising of volatile matter to burn.Be increased to optimum level with vortex, it is compacter and strong that flame becomes, and this is characterized by the point that flame contacts with burner refractory brick in the EERC testing installation.Vortex is brought up to much larger than this level and flame can be drawn in burner region, unnecessary with in the flame and possible incendiary high temperature of metal burning device component exposure in the coal pipe.Carry out the position of writing down this block on the linear scale that is adjusted in by moving the lever arm artificially be connected with the movable block assembly to the vortex setting.
[0059] improves vortex and also can influence NO with the carbon conversion that flame stability and raising are provided
xFormation.The high flame temperature relevant with improving vortex and the fuel-air mixed of raising produce NO
xThe ideal situation that can form.In having the full-scale burner of adjustable vane, usually vortex is increased to the top condition that reaches the carbon conversion, reduce a little then to reduce NO
xGeneration.
[0060] in the ordinary test method of EERC equipment burner is arranged on for example O of its highest vortex and for example fuel feed speed of monitor system parameter, excess air, gaseous emissions
2, CO
2, CO, SO
2And NO
x, combustion chamber static and airflow rate level.Directly over the burner awl, use standard 35mm film to obtain the photo of flame and burner region via the peep hole in the stove.Also use the one group position measurement flame temperature of high-velocity thermo couple (HVT) in stove, and use baseline heat flux probe monitoring heat flux in same position.Being provided with down at every kind of vortex, collection ash content sample burnouts to reach carbon.Reducing this vortex setting then rises from burner refractory brick up to visually observing flame.At this moment, flame shows as instability under full load conditions, this full load conditions 633 and the 686MJ/hr rate of combustion between.Obtain photo once more to be recorded in the flame under this set, obtain temperature and heat flux measurements, and obtain the ash content sample once more.Form in case flame rises, locate best vortex setting by the range estimation of flame, and write down observed value once more.
[0061] the following sign of the flame stability under adjusting condition: under the load that reduces (be generally speed at full capacity half to 3/4ths), make the test fuel burning, keep identical main air flow, and regulate secondary airflow to satisfy the excess air requirement.Use aforesaid program to determine flame stability under the load that reduces.
[0062] CTF uses two groups of Rosemount NGA gas-analysis apparatuss to monitor O
2, CO, CO
2And NO
xMonitor sulfurous gas (SO by the analyzer that Ametek makes
2).At stove exit and the outlet of particle control device analyzer is set.Press the gasometry of butt report.BaldwinEnvironmental makes the stack gas conditioning agent that is used for removing water vapour from each gaseous sample.Constantly monitor stack gas composition and the data acquisition system record by CTF.
[0063] one of probe that is used for characterizing flame profile and intensity is the baseline heat flux probe.This probe takes from the most advanced and sophisticated heat that obtains of the thick stainless steel of 2.5cm water, and in the most advanced and sophisticated port that inserts in the sidewall of radiation areas of this stainless steel so that its surface flushes with the combustion chamber inwall.Also in the entrance and exit current, measure the temperature of water by Type K thermopair by turbine flow instrumentation water gaging flow.Two thermocouple monitoring metal temperatures in the outer and inner surface of embedding probe.Calculate heat flux by these values.
[0064] except the baseline heat flux probe, also use HVT to measure the real gas temperature in same position.This probe water-cooled is not subjected to the high temperature of combustion flame to protect its stainless steel casing.Type S thermopair stops at its center and by the most advanced and sophisticated shielded flame made by heat-insulating shield and the radiation of refractory brickwork.Use vacuum pump to draw gas and pass through thermojunction by certain speed, the speed that this speed is enough to reach by 120m/sec is passed through thermojunction.With this speed, heat passage radial component is minimized and convective heat exchange is main.Like this, can do not arrive thermojunction or interfere from the radiating of this thermojunction under obtain the real gas temperature.
[0065] obtains the flying dust sample at the entrance and exit place of testing apparatus ESP or BH by various devices.USEPA (EPA) method 5 is used for determining particulate matter (PM) concentration in the stack gas.The large sample that high volume sample is extracted and testing apparatus control device aggregate bin can be provided for studying.
[0066] before the atomizing in burner the residual fuel oil samples is heated to reduce fuel viscosity.Near atomizing nozzle, fuel dope is added in the hot fuel stream by means of custom-designed metering injected system.In injected system, fuel flow meter is used for determining fuel flow, and output is supplied with the PID controller, and this PID controller is controlled the flow velocity of chemical substance volume pump then.To any change of fuel flow rate concentration of fuel metering additive dynamically.The output of volume pump is injected just at the hot fuel of mobile, thus the dispersion of small droplets in fuel of generation fuel dope.This mixture passes the static mixing section then, and this mixing section guarantees that treated fuel enters at this fuel before the atomised part of burner equably and fuel mix.
[0067] tested three days at EERC equipment, wherein stove exit gas temperature (FEGT) is between 1250 ℃ and 1315 ℃ and be in 10% or near the excess air levels it.This is corresponding to about 2.0% oxygen in stove exit place stack gas.Regulate residual fuel oil rate of combustion and combustion air flow velocity during in these trials each to keep these levels.At the 4th day, under the FEGT between 1250 ℃ and 1315 ℃ and 5% or near it excess air levels under carry out each test.Table 2 provides the baseline of each trial period and batch average summary of operational condition during the every day of test to 7.The control of residual fuel oil feeding rate is finished by the setting point on the speed controller of regulating pump.This controller is regulated pump speed then and is in desired level to keep feeding rate.Be adjusted in the valve position of secondary airflow on each of advocating peace by the artificially and reach excess air levels.At all duration of test BH is used for particle control.
[0068] adopts Sweet natural gas that stove is preheated 1290 ℃ and be retained to many 8 hours, begin the test of every day then.Keep approaching-1 holder of stove pressure by adjusting control valve, this control valve is blended into ambient air in the pipeline of extractor fan ingress.
Be appointed as stove exit and BH outlet in [0069] two component parser monitoring gaseous emissions and in following table 2 to 6 each.About 1 meter the stove exit analyte taken a sample in dirt probe groups downstream.Be used for controlling excess air levels at this oxygen level of each duration of test.Common pipeline behind BH obtains BH exit analysis thing.Because the high vacuum in the pilot system rear end is connected with a large amount of flanges, air leaks causes the stack gas oxygen concn to increase 1-2% in pipeline.The gaseous emissions that the oxygen analysis of each component parser is used for being considered is corrected to 20% constant excess air levels (3.5%O
2).Be used for proofreading and correct being calculated as at the emission level of this report:
Gauged SO
2, the true SO of ppm=[
2, ppm] * [21-3.5 (target O
2, %)]/[the true O of 21-
2, %]
[0070] before each on-test, usually gas-analysis apparatus is returned to zero and the accent full range.When the result is suspicious or unexpected, carry out the additional calibration of analyzer.
[0071] in test AF-CTS-751,753,755,756-1 and 758 (twice), major objective is to determine baseline performance characteristic, the ER for emission rate of all gases material and the merit of making under various operational conditions.In addition, collect the dustiness (or PM) that Fly ash sampling is measured the air-flow that enters BH.The result of these tests is provided at table 2 in 6.In case after from the Natural Gas Conversion to the residual fuel oil, reach stable combustion conditions, just use HVT, baseline heat flux probe and whirly separator to carry out a series of measurements to obtain the flying dust sample.For all trial periods that during this series of trials, carry out, the vortex setting of secondary airflow is held constant at 3.5.
[0072] during other was tested at all, major objective was to determine that various fuel dopes are to reducing gaseous emissions of being regulated and the validity that improves the merit that is produced.Use identical testing regulation to measure the validity of fuel dope at this.The result of these tests is provided in table 2 in 7.As the part of testing regulation, all front of estimating fuel dope period usually therein of baseline operation trial period.
[0073] be the fuel dope prescription that uses in this research below:
[0074] additive 2:5mL spiraea oil (d=0.91g/mL); 5.1g fescue extract (hexane extraction) and 995mL AROMATICS 150 FLUID (d=0.90g/mL); In glove box, do not prepare;
[0075] additive 5:5mL spiraea oil (d=0.91g/mL); 5.2g alfeque extract (hexane extraction); 2mL 2,2,4-trimethylammonium-6-oxyethyl group-1,2-dihydroquinoline (d=1.03); 1.6g
With 993mL AROMATIC 100 FLUID (d=0.87g/mL); In glove box, under non-oxide condition, prepare;
[0076] additive 6:80% (v/v) component 1 and 20% (v/v) component 2, wherein: component 1:5mL spiraea oil (d=0.91g/mL); 5.1g alfeque extract (hexane extraction) and 995mL AROMATICS 150 FLUID (d=0.90g/mL); In glove box, do not prepare; Component 2: nitric acid 2-ethylhexyl.
[0077] additive 7:80% (v/v) additive 5 and 20% (v/v) nitric acid 2-ethylhexyl.
[0078] additive 8:0.5mL2,2,4-trimethylammonium-6-oxyethyl group-1,2-dihydroquinoline (d=1.03); 0.8g
2.5mL spiraea oil (d=0.91); 0.39g fescue extract (hexane extraction) and 500mL AROMATIC 100 FLUID (d=0.87); In glove box, under non-oxide condition, prepare.
[0079] additive 9:0.5 mL 2,2,4-trimethylammonium-6-oxyethyl group-1,2-dihydroquinoline (d=1.03); 0.8g
2.5mL spiraea oil (d=0.91); 0.39galfeque extract (extraction using alcohol) and 500mL AROMATIC 100 FLUID (d=0.87); In glove box, under non-oxide condition, prepare.
[0080] additive 10:0.5 mL 2,2,4-trimethylammonium-6-oxyethyl group-1,2-dihydroquinoline (d=1.03); 0.8g
2.5mL spiraea oil (d=0.91); 0.39galfeque extract (hexane extraction) and 500mL AROMATIC 100 FLUID (d=0.87); In glove box, under non-oxide condition, prepare.
[0081] following table provides the test-results of residual fuel oil and listed fuel dope.
Table 2. baseline and test batch average operation parameter-AF-CTS-745
Table 3. baseline and test batch average operation parameter-AF-CTS-753
Table 4. baseline and test batch average operation parameter-AF-CTS-753 (continuous) ﹠amp; 754
Table 5. baseline and test batch average operation parameter-AF-CTS-755
Table 6. baseline and test batch average operation parameter-AF-CTS-756 ﹠amp; 757
Table 7. baseline and test batch average operation parameter-AF-CTS-758
[0082] begins initial trial trip test and comprise the validity that makes the change that baseline residual fuel oil firing makes system after with first group of fuel dope test determining carrying out previously in the day before yesterday of actual tests.The overall maneuverability of this trial trip change improved system that confirmation is done in period.Many changes of making comprise adds isolator to various system feeding lines, vapour pipe is delivered to the burner rifle as the oil throwing fluid, mixing section is added in the fuel-feed pipeline and with steam heater is added on the storage cylinder, this storage cylinder is used for loading feeding trough and makes and keep the residual fuel oil temperature near 240 ℉ or its.The result who changes allows fuel not have carbon deposits to form on this rifle or on the airduct in the burner refractory brick via the charging of burner rifle continuously.
[0083] for all tests periods, keeps FEGT near 2350 ℉.In some cases, allow its is raise observing the influence of fuel dope to the merit that produced, and in other cases, during the fuel dope injection, kept be determined at keep identical generation merit level in the level of saving of fuel.Because the change of fuel and operating parameters provides highly stable burning situation, so very high for all test efficiencies of combustion in period.This makes and is difficult to monitor the change of being added the burning situation that causes by fuel dope.Write down the change of burning situation in the meantime, but describe in detail below.Because the difficulty that monitoring changes, so during the last day of the 4th day test, excess air levels is reduced to about 5%.
[0084] two component parser (one group at stove exit, one group exports at BH) is used for measuring the concentration of products of combustion in the air-flow.Monitor and write down stack gas O continuously by the CTF data acquisition system
2, CO, CO
2, SO
2And NO
xObserved value.Trial period,, mean value was provided in table 2 in 7.
[0085] excess air levels changes to 11% with the change fluctuation of fuel feed speed and the duration of test that carries out in June 21 to June 23 from about 9%.For all tests period near 10% excess air, gauged SO
2The quantity discharged quite stable is in average approximately 1720ppm ± 20ppm.
[0086] each in the analysis revealed of the data analysis observable is the majorant of excess air.When by data point guiding spline-fitting, much better contrast view when obtaining such as the comprehensive fitting data of fruit.Handle stove and baghouse data individually.Check the NO of stove and baghouse
xWith CO data (respectively Fig. 7 and 8), finds that one of treated batch result as one man is lower than those of under equal excess air base measurement.Additive 2 shows that the consistent of gaseous emissions improves.Astoundingly, this fuel dope shows its influence, although it only is used to have the experiment of about 10% excess air.
[0087] during many tests periods, use USEPA method 5PM sampling to obtain to measure and be expressed as particulate matter (PM) discharge value of dustiness in the BH ingress.This kind test provides the important evidence (see figure 9) of the validity of various fuel dopes aspect improvement residual fuel oil combustioncharacteristics.During the 4th day baseline test (trial period 12), the dustiness that enters BH is determined as 0.122g/m
3During trial period 5, inject additive 5 with the speed of 30mL/hr, wherein EPA method 5 dustiness are reduced to 0.0677g/m significantly
3, reduced by 44.6%.In trial period 13, use additive 8 with the adding speed of 40mL/hr, the additive 10 in trial period 16 also is like this.EPA method 5 dustiness are reduced to 0.0886g/m during using additive 8
3And during using additive 10, be reduced to 0.0959g/m
3This conversion for reduce respectively 27.5% and the reduction by 21.5%.Should be noted that excess air levels is higher than trial period 12 (baseline test phase) during trial period 5 (additive 5), so reduce the cause that to think that available oxygen increases in the part of this record.Yet the situation of trial period 13 (additive 8) and 16 (additives 10) is not like this.Excess air levels roughly writes down the identical of trial period with these two during the baseline test phase.
[0088], thinks it is the function of fuel firing rate and excess air at least though the heat flux behavior is a complicated function.Figure 10 has drawn in the EERC measured heat flux divided by the curve of fuel firing rate to the excess air reported.Heat flux/fuel ratio that the fuel that data acknowledgement is handled with additive 2 produces is greater than to the viewed this ratio of untreated fuel.Observe the improvement of the heat flux ratio of 7.6%-10.1% for additive 2.
[0089] infrared (IR) pick up camera/register is used for estimating any change of flame temperature, and this change may take place between the period of baseline operation and fuel dope injection.The result of these measurements is summarised in the table 8.May find out that from following data the most significant trend of flame temperature is oily feeding rate.This relation can be referring to Fig. 6.The equation of linear regression line is provided and has calculated R
2Value.Flame temperature not with feeding rate match fully, but develop by that direction really.Though at operating period of every day operation test furnace under similar stove exit gas temperature, corresponding flame temperature changes every day significantly, it is also like this that requirement reaches the feeding rate of this temperature.This shows that the heat flux of passing the furnace wall tends to change every day.Yet, in one day operation, only can write down little trend.
[0090] at first day duration of test, just before the fuel dope injection and the flame temperature of immediate record after the injection at additive 2 be held constant at 1333 ℃.Feeding rate also is a constant.Yet during second day of test, baseline feeding rate (trial period 4) is higher than during the fuel dope injection significantly.The flame temperature reading of IR pick up camera is constant in 1402 ℃ during trial period 5 and 7, and the injection rate of this trial period 5 and 7 additive 5 is respectively at 30mL/hr and 15mL/hr.This will show that fuel dope has certain influence to the heat release in the stove.During trial period 8, inject additive 6 with the speed of 40mL/hr.Though flame temperature is reduced to 1392 ℃, feeding rate significantly is reduced to 16.23kg/hr from baseline values in the meantime.
The summary of table 8.IR video camera recorder data
| Trial period | My god | Additive | Rate of injection, (mL/hr) | The oil feeding rate, (kg/hr) | The IR flame temperature (℃) | |
| 1 | The 1st day | Do not have | Do not have | 15.02 | 1333 | |
| 2 | The | Additive | 2 | 30 | 15.91 | 1333 |
| 4 | The 2nd day | Do not have | Do not have | 17.50 | 1402 | |
| 5 | The | Additive | 5 | 30 | 16.98 | 1402 |
| 7 | The | Additive | 5 | 15 | 17.12 | 1402 |
| 8 | The | Additive | 6 | 40 | 16.23 | 1392 |
| 9 | The 3rd day | Do not have | Do not have | 17.19 | 1366 | |
| 10 | The 3rd day | Additive 7 | 40 | 16.50 | 1366 | |
| 12 | The 4th day | Do not have | Do not have | 16.32 | 1371 | |
| 13 | The | Additive | 8 | 40 | 15.95 | 1359 |
| 14 | The 4th day | Additive 9 | 40 | 15.82 | 1359 | |
| 15 | The 4th day | Do not have | Do not have | 15.92 | 1362 | |
| 16 | The 4th day | Additive 10 | 40 | 15.94 | 1360 |
[0091] reach 1366 ℃ baseline flame temperature in trial period 9, wherein the feeding rate of residual fuel oil is 17.19kg/hr.After the speed injecting additive 7 with 40mL/hr, it is constant that flame temperature keeps under the low feeding rate of 16.50kg/hr.This representative roughly 4% charging reduces.In the last day of test, the initial baseline flame temperature be recorded in 1371 ℃ (trial periods 12) though during the injection of additive 8 and 9 temperature drop to 1359 ℃, but it kept relative fixed during the whole same day, rose to 1362 ℃ during the baseline test phase 15 subsequently.When with the speed injecting additive 10 of 40mL/hr, essentially no variation during trial period 16.Flame temperature is held constant at 1360 ℃.
The test of CANMET research stove
[0092] also at Ottawa, the CANMET of Canada research stove is tested.From PROVMAR Fuels Inc., Hamilton, Ontario obtains the residual fuel oil of use in the test.The performance of residual fuel oil is listed in the table 9.These residual fuel oils have about 1.7% moderate sulfur content, have the very higher calorific value of 42.12MJ/kg under 0.05% moisture content.Table 1 also provides approximate, the limit of the residual fuel oil tested and the theoretical discharge limit of calorific value analysis and sulphur.
Table 9
[0093] cooling stores residual fuel oil before test.It is hot using day tank to heat residual fuel oil to 121 ℃ and keep this fuel at duration of test.
[0094] in this testing regulation, stove control is mainly based on the fuel stream that enters stove.This fuel flow and air flow quantity remain unchanged.The calorimetric of stove partly allows to measure from the heat of stove and shifts, and it is function with the distance of burner that this heat shifts.There is not ＂ baghouse ＂ in this system and allows furnace outlet temperature to float.
[0095] when for example residual fuel oil is lighted a fire with liquid fuel, use pump fuel to be transported in the combustion chamber via the two-fluid atomizer.In this stove, use pressurized air as atomizing fluids.By electric air heater combustion air is preheated.
[0096] by via quartzy spy hole flame stability being estimated in the observation of flame, this spy hole is arranged on the stove end relative with burner along the longitudinal axis of stove.Under normal operation, use pick up camera to come the photologging of qualitative evaluation flame quality and the flame characteristics that is created in the experimental session generation.
[0097] the ordinary test method is arranged on its highest vortex and for example fuel feed speed of monitor system parameter, excess air, gaseous emissions (O with burner
2, CO
2, CO, SO
2And NO
x), the level of combustion chamber static and airflow rate.Directly over the burner awl, use pick up camera to obtain the photo of flame and burner region via the peep hole in the stove then.
[0098] the CANMET stove uses two groups of gas-analysis apparatuss to come O
2, CO, CO
2And NO
xAlso monitor sulfurous gas (SO
2).At stove exit and the outlet of particle control device analyzer is set.Press butt report analyte gas.The monitoring stack gas composition and by data acquisition system at the interval record of experimental session with 10 seconds.The statistical nature of measured quantity is used for determining the cofidence limit to take off data.
[0099] in the calorimetric part of stove, with 10 seconds intervals monitoring entrance and exit temperature and by the data acquisition system record.Also measure the flow velocity of therminol working fluid and can reach via data acquisition system.For in 28 calorimetric bands of stove major axis each,, can determine that heat passage in the stove is the function of time from these observed values.
[00100] obtains the flying dust sample at the entrance and exit place of testing apparatus ESP or BH by various devices.Particulate matter (PM) concentration in the stack gas is determined in the sampling of power gas such as use.The large sample that high volume sample is extracted and testing apparatus control device aggregate bin can be provided for studying.For the ash content sample of collecting, also measure chemical constitution.In the about 3 hours/sample of the collection requirement of power sample of dust.Each batch only collected an ash content sample.
[00101] before the atomizing in burner residual fuel oil is heated to reduce its viscosity.Near atomizing nozzle, fuel dope is added in the hot fuel stream by means of custom-designed metering injected system.In injected system, fuel flow meter is used for determining fuel flow, and output is supplied with the PID controller, and this PID controller is controlled the flow velocity of chemical substance volume pump then.To any change of fuel flow rate concentration of fuel metering additive dynamically.The output of volume pump is injected just at the hot fuel of mobile, thus the dispersion of small droplets in hot fuel of generation fuel dope.This mixture passes the static mixing section then to mix with fuel dope equably before the atomised part that enters burner at this fuel.
[00102] test of carrying out at CANMET research stove place is carried out under the furnace maneuver of fuel flow rate and excess air levels regulation, and the two is controlled by furnace maneuver person all.Adopt Sweet natural gas that stove is preheated 5 hours at the most, then residual fuel oil is begun experiment.Standard startup rules comprise under the situation that allows unprocessed fuel oil burn at least one hour in this system collects data, begins any experiment then and handles.This rules make people can verify the baseline behavior in the every day of operation.Experimental design is used for studying in the influence of the following chemical additive of two kinds of different excess air concentration (10% and 7.5%) to furnace maneuver.In the beginning of experimental stage and when finishing and the baseline operation of when the beginning of each test day, measuring fuel.
[00103] in test, under 10% excess air levels, estimate all fuel dopes, and only under the excess air levels that reduces, estimate optimal representation person.What employing prepared in glove box under inert atmosphere contains
Additive (additive 13 and 14) and not containing of under conventional atmospheric condition, preparing
Additive ( additive 11,12,15 and 16) be prepared as follows the fuel additive composition that is used for CANMET test:
[00104] additive 11 is prepared as follows: 13.9 gram fescue extracts and 10mL spiraea oil are mixed, then with this mixture and 2000mL AROMATIC 150 FLUID blend at the most.
[00105] is prepared as follows additive 12: with 13 gram fescue extracts, 10mL spiraea oil and 1mL
Mix, and with this mixture and 2000mL AROMATIC 150FLUID blend at the most.
[00106] is prepared as follows additive 13: with 5.12 gram fescue extracts, 5mL spiraea oil, 10
With 0889 gram
Mix, and with this mixture and 1000mL AROMATIC 150 FLUID blend at the most.
[00107] is prepared as follows additive 14: with 5.13 gram Herba Medicaginis extract, 5mL spiraea oils, 10
With 088 gram
Mix, and with this mixture and 1000mL AROMATIC 150 FLUID blend at the most.
[00108] is prepared as follows additive 15: with 13 gram Herba Medicaginis extract, 10mL spiraea oil and 2mL
Mix, and with this mixture and 2000mL AROMATIC 150FLUID blend at the most.
[00109] be prepared as follows additive 16: 13 gram Herba Medicaginis extract and 10mL spiraea oil are mixed, and with this mixture and 2000mL AROMATIC 150 FLUID blend at the most.
[00110] table 10 has been summarized in the CANMET test of carrying out the observations to particulate mass concentration under 10% excess air.The carbon content of the ash content of collecting from the experiment of treated fuel is consistent to be lower than the carbon content of finding out the baseline system, but for additive 11 and 12, totally waits the medium increase of power dustiness demonstration.Under lower excess air compared, the carbon content of the ash content of collection was consistent, as shown in table 11 with dustiness such as power such as grade.Additive 15 shows that the consistent of grain amount reduces.
Table 10.CANMET test: particulate mass concentration under 10% excess air levels
| The test batch | Deng power dustiness (mg/m 3) | Ash carbon content (% carbon) | Carbon reduces (%) |
| Reference substance | 129 | 79.9％ | |
| Additive 11 | 150 | 77.5％ | -13 |
| Additive | |||
| 12 | 144 | 78％ | -9％ |
| Additive 13 | 119 | 71.1％ | 18％ |
| Additive 14 | 119 | 72.7％ | 16 |
| Additive | |||
| 15 | 105 | 74.7％ | 24 |
| Additive | |||
| 16 | 124 | 75.7％ | 9％ |
Table 11. dustiness result 7.5% excess air
| The test batch | Deng power dustiness (mg/m 3) | Ash carbon content (% carbon) | Carbon reduces (%) |
| Reference substance | 208 | 75.4 | |
| Additive 12 | 134 | 66.9 | 42.8 |
| Additive 14 | 232 | 79.2 | -17.0 |
| |
160 | 67.6 | 31.0 |
| Additive 16 | 200 | 78.4 | 0 |
[00111] qualitatively, it is short and bright that the flame of several treated fuel seems to compare the observed flame of baseline (being untreated) fuel.This observations still is difficult to quantize by the image of flames support.Short more thick more flame should partly provide the heat passage of maximum in the calorimetric of stove.For the experiment of carrying out under 10% and 7.5% excess air, the data of supporting this point are referring to table 12 and 13.Collected data in per 10 seconds to construct big statistics sample.The standard deviation of this data set provides probabilistic estimation.The therminol heat that records is uncertain for about 1%.The stack gas heat that records is uncertain for about 0.1%.It is statistically evident under 95% confidence level that thermal treatment greater than 2% changes.
The heat configuration of table 12. available heat under 10% excess air
| The test batch | Heat to Therminol | Heat to stack gas | ＂ lost heat ＂ | Lost heat reduces |
| Reference substance | 62.7％ | 8.8％ | 28.5％ | - |
| Additive 11 | 65.9％ | 9.2％ | 24.9％ | 3.6 |
| Additive | ||||
| 12 | 65.9％ | 9.0％ | 25.1％ | 3.4％ |
| Additive 13 | 64.9％ | 8.8％ | 26.3％ | 2.2％ |
| Additive 14 | 67.3％ | 8.9％ | 23.8％ | 4.7 |
| Additive | ||||
| 15 | 64.1％ | 9.1％ | 26.8％ | 1.7 |
| Additive | ||||
| 16 | 66.2％ | 9.2％ | 24.6％ | 3.9％ |
The heat configuration of table 13. utilisable energy under 7.5% excess air
| The test batch | Heat to Therminol | Heat to stack gas | ＂ lost heat ＂ | Lost heat reduces |
| Reference substance | 62.7％ | 9.16％ | 28.1％ | - |
| |
64.1％ | 9.67％ | 26.2％ | 1.9％ |
| Additive 14 | 65.6％ | 9.45％ | 24.9％ | 3.2 |
| Additive | ||||
| 15 | 63.8％ | 9.37％ | 26.8％ | 1.3 |
| Additive | ||||
| 16 | 65.4％ | 9.41％ | 25.2％ | 2.9％ |
The IPT laboratory test
[00112] also at Sao Paulo, the IPT laboratory testing rig of Brazil is tested.The similar operations of this IPT test stove and CANMET.This IPT testing installation adopts the horizontal firing device, Model MPR, and by ATA Combustao Tecnica, Brazil makes, and this burner is equipped with outer water-cooling jacket.The excess air of fuel-feed speed and stack gas is used as dependent variable as independent variable and with other observable.Stove contains the calorimetric part.A significant difference of the experiment of carrying out at Brazil is relevant with fuel.The fuel specification of Brazil is different from those of U.S.'s employing significantly.For example, be usually used in the density of residual fuel of Brazil and asphaltene content significantly greater than being usually used in those of the U.S..Under these very high asphaltenes and levels of viscosity, has primary importance by the caused pollution of unburned carbon (particulate matter).Make the part of the minimized strategy of this problem be included in combustion fuel under the very high excess of oxygen condition.The Standard operation procedure SOP of Brazil require about 7% or the stove exit oxygen level of about 37.5% excess air under operate stove.
[00113] fuel dope of estimating at IPT comprises the combination of plant milk extract and organo-metallic iron complex.Specifically, with 49.2 gram Herba Medicaginis extract and 7.57mL
Antioxidant and 37.9mL spiraea oil mix.This mixture and AROMATIC 150 FLUID are bonded to 3785mL, and the mixture of 600ML gained is further mixed with 117 gram iron naphthenates and 190mL pentacarbonyl iron.This prescription of preparation under conventional atmospheric condition wherein uses syringe anaerobism ground to shift iron naphthenate.The iron level of the solution of gained is 6wt%.With this additive is the residual fuel oil doping of testing at IPT with 813ppm.
[00114] table 14 has shown observed particulate mass concentration under processing and untreated condition.The minimizing of particulate matter is very significant under 4.5% and 7% oxygen level, but perhaps more significant observations is very approaching to these two kinds of observed particulate mass concentrations of oxygen concn under treatment condition.Known is that under high excess of oxygen combustion conditions, the signal portion of heat is lost in the stack gas.This test shows by move to about 4.5% excess of oxygen from 7.0% excess of oxygen, realizes that 17% of useful heat improves.Use the fuel dope of being tested, this efficient increase follows 43% of particulate emissions to reduce.
Table 14. is at the particulate emission of IPT Brazil
| Excessive O | Additive | Test number | Granule density (mg/Nm3) |
| 7.0％ | Do not have | 31 | 272 |
| 7.0％ | Do not have | 32 | 301 |
| 7.0％ | Do not have | 33 | 291 |
| 7.0％ | Do not have | 42 | 289 |
| 7.0％ | Do not have | 43 | 296 |
| 7.0％ | Have | Mean value | 290 |
| 7.0％ | Have | 34 | 183 |
| 7.0％ | Have | 35 | 200 |
| 7.0％ | Have | 36 | 128 |
| 7.0％ | Have | 37 | 152 |
| 7.0％ | Have | 38 | 128 |
| 7.0％ | Have | 39 | 133 |
| 7.0％ | Have | 40 | 111 |
| 7.0％ | Have | 41 | 128 |
| 7.0％ | Have | Mean value | 145 |
| 4.5％ | Do not have | 57 | 415 |
| 4.5％ | Do not have | 58 | 389 |
| 4.5％ | Do not have | 59 | 415 |
| 4.5％ | Do not have | 67 | 479 |
| 4.5％ | Do not have | 68 | 504 |
| 4.5％ | Do not have | 69 | 523 |
| 4.5％ | Do not have | Mean value | 454 |
| 4.5％ | Have | 60 | 163 |
| 4.5％ | Have | 61 | 166 |
| 4.5％ | Have | 62 | 160 |
| 4.5％ | Have | 63 | 162 |
| 4.5％ | Have | 65 | 173 |
| 4.5％ | Have | 66 | 169 |
| 4.5％ | Have | Mean value | 166 |
[00115] though described the present invention and advantage thereof in detail, is to be understood that under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention that limit by appended claims and can makes various variations, replacement and change at this.In addition, the application's scope does not wish to limit the specific embodiments of technology, machine, manufacturing, material composition, means, method and the step described in the specification sheets.Those of ordinary skills will easily understand from disclosure of the present invention, can realize with corresponding embodiment identical functions as herein described present existence used according to the invention or that will develop later on, basically or obtain technology, machine, manufacturing, composition of matter, means, method or the step of identical result basically.Therefore, appended claims wishes to comprise composition, means, method or the step of these technologies, machine, manufacturing, material in their scope.
Claims (56)
1. improve the fuel dope of the combustioncharacteristics of high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel, this fuel dope comprises:
Plant milk extract; And organometallic compound.
2. the fuel dope of claim 1, wherein this plant milk extract is the extract of leguminous plant.
3. the fuel dope of claim 2, wherein this plant milk extract is selected from fescue extract, alfeque extract, Herba Medicaginis extract and its combination.
4. the fuel dope of claim 3, wherein this organometallic compound is a hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound, this hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound comprises at least a metal that is selected from first and second row's transition metal.
5. the fuel dope of claim 4, wherein the metal of this organometallic compound is an iron.
6. the fuel dope of claim 5, wherein this organometallic compound is selected from pentacarbonyl iron, iron naphthenate, ferrocene and its combination.
7. the fuel dope of claim 1, wherein this organometallic compound is a hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound, this hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound comprises at least a metal that is selected from first and second row's transition metal.
8. the fuel dope of claim 7, wherein the metal of this organometallic compound is an iron.
9. the fuel dope of claim 8, wherein this organometallic compound is selected from pentacarbonyl iron, iron naphthenate, ferrocene and its combination.
10. the fuel dope of claim 1 also comprises the oil soluble carrier.
11. the fuel dope of claim 10, wherein this oil soluble carrier is an aromatic solvent.
12. the fuel dope of claim 10, wherein the amount with the about 10wt% of about 0.01wt%-that accounts for fuel dope provides plant milk extract.
13. the fuel dope of claim 12, wherein the amount with the about 5wt% of about 0.05wt%-that accounts for fuel dope provides plant milk extract.
14. the fuel dope of claim 13, wherein the amount with about 0.5wt% of accounting for fuel dope provides plant milk extract.
15. the fuel dope of claim 1 also comprises the material that is selected from spiraea oil, carotenoid, antioxidant and its combination.
16. the fuel dope of claim 1 also comprises spiraea oil, carotenoid and antioxidant.
17. the fuel dope of claim 16, wherein this carotenoid comprises β-Hu Luobusu.
18. the fuel dope of claim 16, wherein this antioxidant comprises dihydroquinoline.
19. the fuel dope of claim 18, wherein this dihydroquinoline comprises 2,2,4-trimethylammonium-6-oxyethyl group-1,2-dihydroquinoline.
20. the fuel dope of claim 1, wherein this plant milk extract is by hydrocarbon dissolubility polarity or non-polar solvent extract.
21. improving one's methods of the combustioncharacteristics of high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel comprises fuel dope added in this high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel that this fuel dope comprises: plant milk extract and organometallic compound.
22. the method for claim 21, wherein this plant milk extract is the extract of leguminous plant.
23. the method for claim 22, wherein this plant milk extract is selected from fescue extract, alfeque extract, Herba Medicaginis extract and its combination.
24. the method for claim 23, wherein this organometallic compound is a hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound, and this hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound has the metal that is selected from first and second row's transition metal.
25. the method for claim 24, wherein the metal of this organometallic compound is an iron.
26. the method for claim 25, wherein this organometallic compound is selected from pentacarbonyl iron, iron naphthenate, ferrocene and its combination.
27. the method for claim 21, wherein this organometallic compound is a hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound, and this hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound has the metal that is selected from first and second row's transition metal.
28. claim 27 method, wherein the metal of this organometallic compound is an iron.
29. the method for claim 28, wherein this organometallic compound is selected from pentacarbonyl iron, iron naphthenate, ferrocene and its combination.
30. the method for claim 21, wherein this fuel dope also comprises the oil soluble carrier.
31. the method for claim 21, wherein this oil soluble carrier is an aromatic solvent.
32. the method for claim 21, wherein this high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel is selected from residual fuel oil and coal.
33. the method for claim 32, wherein about 10 with about 0.5ppm-of the amount that accounts for high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel, the amount of 000ppm provides plant milk extract.
34. the method for claim 33, wherein the amount with the about 2000ppm of about 200ppm-of the amount that accounts for high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel provides plant milk extract.
35. the method for claim 34, wherein the amount with about 800ppm of the amount that accounts for high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel provides plant milk extract.
36. the method for claim 21, wherein this fuel dope also comprises the material that is selected from spiraea oil, carotenoid, antioxidant and its combination.
37. the method for claim 21, wherein this fuel dope also comprises spiraea oil, carotenoid and antioxidant.
38. the method for claim 37, wherein this carotenoid comprises β-Hu Luobusu.
39. the method for claim 37, wherein this antioxidant comprises dihydroquinoline.
40. the method for claim 39, wherein this dihydroquinoline comprises 2,2,4-trimethylammonium-6-oxyethyl group-1,2-dihydroquinoline.
41. the method for claim 21, wherein this plant milk extract is by hydrocarbon dissolubility polarity or non-polar solvent extract.
42. comprise the fuel of high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel and fuel dope, this fuel dope comprises: plant milk extract; And organometallic compound.
43. the fuel of claim 42, wherein this plant milk extract is the extract of leguminous plant.
44. the fuel of claim 43, wherein this plant milk extract is selected from fescue extract, alfeque extract, Herba Medicaginis extract and its combination.
45. the fuel of claim 42, wherein this organometallic compound is a hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound, and this hydrocarbon dissolubility organometallic compound has the metal that is selected from first and second row's transition metal.
46. the fuel of claim 45, wherein this organometallic compound is selected from pentacarbonyl iron, iron naphthenate, ferrocene and its combination.
47. the fuel of claim 42, wherein high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel is selected from residual fuel oil and coal.
48. the fuel of claim 47, wherein about 10 with about 0.5ppm-of the amount that accounts for high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel, the amount of 000ppm provides plant milk extract.
49. the fuel of claim 48, wherein the amount with the about 2000ppm of about 200ppm-of the amount that accounts for high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel provides plant milk extract.
50. the fuel of claim 49, wherein the amount with about 800ppm of accounting for high asphaltene carbonaceous fuel provides plant milk extract.
51. the fuel of claim 42 also comprises the material that is selected from spiraea oil, carotenoid, antioxidant and its combination.
52. the fuel of claim 42 also comprises spiraea oil, carotenoid and antioxidant.
53. the fuel of claim 52, wherein this carotenoid comprises β-Hu Luobusu.
54. the fuel of claim 52, wherein this antioxidant comprises dihydroquinoline.
55. the fuel of claim 54, wherein this dihydroquinoline comprises 2,2,4-trimethylammonium-6-oxyethyl group-1,2-dihydroquinoline.
56. the fuel of claim 42, wherein this plant milk extract is by hydrocarbon dissolubility polarity or non-polar solvent extract.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US75331805P | 2005-12-21 | 2005-12-21 | |
| US60/753,318 | 2005-12-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101384687A true CN101384687A (en) | 2009-03-11 |
Family
ID=38218679
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006800531875A Pending CN101384687A (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2006-12-21 | Residual fuel oil additive |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090165365A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1979443A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2009521580A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20080089425A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101384687A (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0620432A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2634733A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2008008128A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007076052A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102925255A (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-13 | 山丰生物科技股份有限公司 | Oil product additive |
| CN110903868A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-03-24 | 杭州启俄科技有限公司 | Fuel additive beneficial to combustion of coal and heavy oil, preparation method, application and addition system thereof |
| CN113323709A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-08-31 | 西安科技大学 | Application of antioxidant as inhibitor for preventing coal spontaneous combustion |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4131748B1 (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2008-08-13 | 株式会社タイホーコーザイ | Fuel additive |
| GB0902517D0 (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2009-04-01 | Innospec Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the combustion of coal |
| CN101768486A (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2010-07-07 | 迟凤文 | Diesel oil smoke-eliminating and oil-saving additive |
| US20150225660A1 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2015-08-13 | Greenville Environmental Company Limited | Hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant and method of application thereof |
| LT2794902T (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2018-10-10 | Xyleco, Inc. | Processing biomass for use in fuel cells |
| JP5868754B2 (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2016-02-24 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | C heavy oil composition |
| US10323199B2 (en) | 2016-07-09 | 2019-06-18 | Ssr Pharma Private Ltd | Fuel supplement to reduce harmful emissions |
| MX2018014995A (en) | 2016-10-18 | 2019-05-13 | Mawetal Llc | Environment-friendly marine fuel. |
| KR102243790B1 (en) | 2016-10-18 | 2021-04-22 | 모에탈 엘엘씨 | Fuel composition from hard tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil |
| GB2604120A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-08-31 | Medical Diagnostech Pty Ltd | Marking of carbonaceous fluids |
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| JPS5840390A (en) * | 1981-09-03 | 1983-03-09 | Chuo Kagaku Kenkyusho:Kk | Combustion auxiliary for gasoline or diesel engine |
| JPS58225196A (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1983-12-27 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | Lubricating oil for diesel engines |
| JPH06346043A (en) * | 1993-06-03 | 1994-12-20 | Kooken:Kk | Additive for removing harmful substance |
| JPH08239673A (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1996-09-17 | Osuten Kk | Combustion improver for fuel |
| US7029506B2 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2006-04-18 | Jordan Frederick L | Organic cetane improver |
| US20050160662A1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2005-07-28 | Oryxe Energy International, Inc. | Method and composition for using stabilized beta-carotene as cetane improver in hydrocarbonaceous diesel fuels |
| JP4567445B2 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2010-10-20 | オリックス エナージー インターナショナル， インコーポレイティッド | Methods and compositions for using stabilized beta carotene as a cetane improver in diesel fuels containing hydrocarbons |
| US20070039239A1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2007-02-22 | Forester David R | Low temperature operable fatty acid ester fuel composition and method thereof |
| US20050229479A1 (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2005-10-20 | Fernandes Joseph B | Fuel compositions and methods thereof |
-
2006
- 2006-12-21 EP EP06846019A patent/EP1979443A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-21 CA CA002634733A patent/CA2634733A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-21 BR BRPI0620432-5A patent/BRPI0620432A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-21 JP JP2008547633A patent/JP2009521580A/en active Pending
- 2006-12-21 US US12/158,671 patent/US20090165365A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-21 KR KR1020087017763A patent/KR20080089425A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-12-21 MX MX2008008128A patent/MX2008008128A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-12-21 CN CNA2006800531875A patent/CN101384687A/en active Pending
- 2006-12-21 WO PCT/US2006/049113 patent/WO2007076052A2/en active Application Filing
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102925255A (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-13 | 山丰生物科技股份有限公司 | Oil product additive |
| CN110903868A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-03-24 | 杭州启俄科技有限公司 | Fuel additive beneficial to combustion of coal and heavy oil, preparation method, application and addition system thereof |
| CN113323709A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-08-31 | 西安科技大学 | Application of antioxidant as inhibitor for preventing coal spontaneous combustion |
| CN113323709B (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2024-03-26 | 西安科技大学 | Application of antioxidant as agent for preventing and treating spontaneous combustion of coal |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2634733A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
| JP2009521580A (en) | 2009-06-04 |
| MX2008008128A (en) | 2008-10-17 |
| EP1979443A2 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
| WO2007076052A3 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| WO2007076052A2 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
| KR20080089425A (en) | 2008-10-06 |
| BRPI0620432A2 (en) | 2011-11-08 |
| US20090165365A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
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Application publication date: 20090311 |