CN101377130A - Experiment well for testing multiple-component induction logging instrument - Google Patents
Experiment well for testing multiple-component induction logging instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN101377130A CN101377130A CNA2008102225019A CN200810222501A CN101377130A CN 101377130 A CN101377130 A CN 101377130A CN A2008102225019 A CNA2008102225019 A CN A2008102225019A CN 200810222501 A CN200810222501 A CN 200810222501A CN 101377130 A CN101377130 A CN 101377130A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a test well used to test a multi-component sensing logger. The test well comprises a macroscopic anisotropic layer, which is composed of isotropical porous high-resistivity material and liquid that are alternately stacked, and the solid material and the liquid form a thin-layered structure. The test well can change the level and vertical conductivity of the macroscopic anisotropic layer by changing the conductivity of the liquid, and change the anisotropic coefficient of the macroscopic anisotropic layer by changing the porosity of boards, and therefore the present invention provides a low-cost and effective test model for the testing of the multi-component sensing logger.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the induction logging technical field, particularly be the experiment well model equipment of multiple-component induction logging.
Background technology
Aspect well logging, along with more complicated, the more exploitation of subtle pool, it is also more and more urgent that people understand the needs of oil and gas reservoir detailed structure, thereby well logging is had higher requirement.Induction logging is as a kind of important method in the well logging, and its logger and stratigraphic model also move towards complicated from simple.The frequency domain of instrument from the single-frequency to the multifrequency, spatial domain senses three orthogonal directions have also appearred in the induction of multi-thread circle, polarizing field from single direction polarization polarization from unicoil; High angle hole and horizontal well have appearred in stratigraphic model, successively enter the later development stage as the Petroleum Production base Daqing oil field of Chinese large-sized and Shengli Oil Field, and the quantity of directional well, high angle hole and horizontal well also grows with each passing day.In addition, according to estimates, about in the world 30% oil gas is present in the sand shale thin interbed.But in the thin mutual reservoir of husky mud stone of lamination, common macroscopical resistivity shows as uniaxial anisotropy, the resistivity response that traditional induction logging instrument obtains mainly reflects the horizontal resistivity on stratum, the water saturation of Ji Suaning is higher thus, thereby underestimating even leaking and estimate oil-gas Layer may appear, how correctly to estimate the development that this class reservoir has promoted the three-component induction logging instrument, the coil array of this kind new instrument has added transverse coil system (X and Y are to magnetic dipole) on the basis of the axial coil array (Z is to magnetic dipole) of routine, so the multiple-component induction logging instrument can record the electrical conductivity that the electrical conductivity of horizontal direction can be measured vertical direction again in theory, thereby estimate petrophysical property more accurately, help to excavate to greatest extent peupendicular hole, low-resistivity in inclined shaft and the horizontal well, low contrast, the production capacity of argillaceous sandstone produce oil gas-bearing formation, for the oil company obtains maximum economic benefits, the three-component induction logging instrument is regarded as the frontline technology of current oil well logging, is subjected to great attention.
We know that the evaluation of induction logging instrument performance and the design of new instrument all be unable to do without experiment, the experiment well platform is an indispensable part in the experimental facilities, the maximum technical advantage of multiple-component induction logging instrument is to survey the vertical conductivity of anisotropic formation, the Effect on Detecting of anisotropic band becomes the important indicator of weighing instrument performance, in the test of instrument, require the experiment well platform to can be good at simulating macroscopical uniaxial anisotropy of thin interbed.As shown in Figure 1, the anisotropic band of test well is directly realized with the anisotropic solid material, only need whole block material is put in relevant position in the well, so it is convenient to handle, shortcoming is to be difficult for obtaining suitable material, and cost is higher, not the electrical conductivity of malleable anisotropic band and anisotropy coefficient characteristic, next is to adopt different resistivity thin layer intermeshing to realize, also has the not electrical conductivity of malleable anisotropic band and the limitation of anisotropy coefficient.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of experiment well that is used for testing multiple-component induction logging instrument, thinks that the test of multiple-component induction logging instrument provides low-cost and effective experimental model.
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of experiment well that is used for testing multiple-component induction logging instrument, this experiment well comprises the macroscopic anisotropy layer, the macroscopic anisotropy layer adopts isotropic high resistivity material and liquid alternated stacked method that contains hole to realize that described solid material and liquid are laminate structure.
Further, described liquid is conducting solution, described solid material is a sheet material, changes level, the vertical conductivity of described macroscopic anisotropy layer by the electrical conductivity that changes described solution, changes the anisotropy coefficient of described macroscopic anisotropy layer by the degree of porosity that changes described sheet material.
Further, the hole of described sheet material is by evenly punching realization on sheet material, described macroscopic anisotropy layer horizontal resistivity ρ
hSatisfy following formula:
Described macroscopic anisotropy layer vertical resistivity ρ
vSatisfy following formula:
The vertical resistivity ρ of described sheet material
2Satisfy following formula:
Wherein, l
1Be the height of every layer of liquid, l
2Be the height of every laminate material, wherein S
hBe the gross area of every laminate material punching, S
tBe the area of every laminate material, ρ
1Resistivity for liquid.
Further, described sheet material is circular sheet material, divides inside and outside two circle punchings, and the inner ring punching is less closeer, and the outer ring punching is thinner, and the gross area of Internal and external cycle punching is identical with the ratio of region area separately.
Further, described sheet material is PVC plate, rubber tile or plank, and described conducting solution adopts salt or KC1 configuration.
Further, described solid material and liquid lamella thickness are less than 1/8 of the coil spacing of multiple-component induction logging instrument to be tested.
Further, described experiment well is the vertical demixing structure, is air layer, solution layer, described macroscopic anisotropy layer and soil horizon from top to down successively.
Further, support by pillar spacer between described sheet material.
Further, described post patch material bottom, levels sheet material pillar aligns placement.
The macroscopic anisotropy layer that the present invention is used for the experiment well of testing multiple-component induction logging instrument adopts sheet material and liquid alternated stacked method to realize, can change the electrical conductivity of macroscopic anisotropy layer by the electrical conductivity that changes liquid, change the anisotropy coefficient of macroscopic anisotropy layer by the degree of porosity that changes solid material, greatly reduce the difficulty of experimental design; The isotropic material of formation macroscopic anisotropy layer is distribution uniform in the horizontal direction, helps simulating the uniaxial anisotropy material layer, and the present invention provides effective experimental model for the test of multiple-component induction logging instrument, and is simple, with low cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of prior art macroscopic anisotropy layer
Fig. 2 is first kind of design scheme schematic diagram of macroscopic anisotropy layer that the present invention provides
Fig. 3 is second kind of design scheme schematic diagram of macroscopic anisotropy layer that the present invention provides.
Fig. 4 is the third design scheme schematic diagram of macroscopic anisotropy layer that the present invention provides.
Fig. 5 is the 4th kind of design scheme schematic diagram of macroscopic anisotropy layer that the present invention provides
Fig. 6 is an experiment well model overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the layers of solid material schematic equivalent circuit that contains hole.
Fig. 8 is the schematic equivalent circuit of macroscopic anisotropy layer vertical resistivity of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the schematic equivalent circuit of macroscopic anisotropy layer horizontal resistivity of the present invention.
Figure 10 is a plastics flaggy punching scheme schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of plastics flaggy global design scheme of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the thin alternation of bed simulation model schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 13 is the anisotropic model schematic diagram that Figure 12 obtains by the connection in series-parallel equivalent circuit theory.
Figure 14 is the magnetic responsiveness curve that Figure 12 and two kinds of models shown in Figure 13 is carried out two kinds of models that emulation obtains.
Figure 15 is the vertical apparent conductivity curve map when Figure 12 model is got different thickness of thin layer.
Figure 16 is the horizontal apparent conductivity curve map when Figure 12 model is got different thickness of thin layer.
Figure 17 is the winding method schematic diagram of coil in the experiment.
Figure 18 is the The coils-array configuration design of multi schematic diagram that adopts in experiment.
Figure 19 is that transmitting coil is in the receiving coil below among the embodiment 1, and salting liquid layer electrical conductivity is 0.35s/m, and the anisotropic band electrical conductivity is σ
v=0.034s/m, σ
h=0.33s/m, the experiment measuring response curve of this moment
Figure 20 is the used model parameter response curve that emulation obtains through FEM when utilizing Figure 19 to measure among the embodiment 1.
Figure 21 puts the x direction coil response curve among Figure 19 and Figure 20 together to survey the curve map that contrasts with emulation.
Figure 22 puts the z direction coil response curve among Figure 19 and Figure 20 together to survey the curve map that contrasts with emulation.
Figure 23 is that transmitting coil is in the receiving coil below among the embodiment 2, and salting liquid layer electrical conductivity is 0.21s/m, and the anisotropic band electrical conductivity is σ
v=0.197s/m, σ
h=0.020s/m, the experiment measuring response curve of this moment.
Figure 24 is the used model parameter response curve that emulation obtains through FEM when utilizing Figure 23 to measure among the embodiment 2.
Figure 25 puts the x direction coil response curve among Figure 23 and Figure 24 together to survey the curve map that contrasts with emulation.
Figure 26 puts the z direction coil response curve among Figure 23 and Figure 24 together to survey the curve map that contrasts with emulation.
Figure 27 is to be the salting liquid electrical conductivity that 0.35s/m and salting liquid electrical conductivity are the curve map that the x direction coil experimental measurements of 0.21s/m compares.
Figure 28 is to be the salting liquid electrical conductivity that 0.35s/m and salting liquid electrical conductivity are the curve map that the x direction coil simulation result of 0.21s/m compares.
Figure 29 is to be the salting liquid electrical conductivity that 0.35s/m and salting liquid electrical conductivity are the curve map that the z direction coil experimental measurements of 0.21s/m compares.
Figure 30 is to be the salting liquid electrical conductivity that 0.35s/m and salting liquid electrical conductivity are the curve map that the z direction coil simulation result of 0.21s/m compares.
The specific embodiment
For convenience, at first used term is defined as follows:
Anisotropy coefficient: the size of reflection anisotropic band vertical resistivity and horizontal resistivity contrast, anisotropy coefficient=vertical resistivity/horizontal resistivity.
Uniaxial anisotropy: the electrical conductivity that in this article refers to the anisotropic material layer is perpendicular to the component difference of material aspect peace row on material aspect both direction, with the parallel direction of material aspect on electrical conductivity be identical.
Coil spacing: the transmitting coil of multiple-component induction logging instrument and the distance between receiving coil.
Coaxial coil: the transmitting coil of multiple-component induction logging instrument and receiving coil are coaxial windings, are also referred to as horizontal coil or z to coil.
The coplane coil: the transmitting coil of multiple-component induction logging instrument and receiving coil are that coplane twines, and are also referred to as vertical coil or x (y) to coil.
The macroscopic anisotropy layer: material therefor itself does not have anisotropy, but the stack combinations of whole material layer can equivalence be an anisotropic material on macroscopic view, can simulate the characteristic of anisotropic material with this.
Below to adopting isotropic material to realize that the detailed design scheme of macroscopic anisotropy layer describes:
Scheme one: as shown in Figure 2, the thin solid material of two kinds of different electrical conductivity is alternately placed, and among the figure, whole layer is alternately to be placed by the thin solid material of two kinds of different electrical conductivity to constitute.
Advantage: layer material is put in alternately the relevant position gets final product in the well, so handle convenient.
Shortcoming: difficult finding meets the material that electrical conductivity requires, and is not easy to change its conductivity value.
Scheme two: as shown in Figure 3, the thin solid material of two kinds of different aperture degree is alternately placed, add liquid toward well bucket the inside then, because the degree of porosity of two kinds of solid materials is different, cause the electrical conductivity of this two media different after adding liquid, allow them alternately place, will produce the electrical conductivity anisotropy.
Advantage: can change whole electrical conductivity by the electrical conductivity that changes liquid.
Shortcoming: need the material of two kinds of different aperture degree, be difficult to the contrast of change level and vertical conductivity.
Scheme three: as shown in Figure 4, thin solid and conducting solution with certain electrical conductivity are alternately placed.
Advantage: can change whole electrical conductivity by the electrical conductivity that changes liquid, by changing the anisotropy coefficient that the thin solid conductivity of electrolyte materials changes described macroscopic anisotropy layer.Alternative thin solid layer material for example evenly mix acrylonitrile one styrene-butadiene copolymer composite conducting material, the wooden composite plate of conducting function, polymer/carbon nano-tube composite conducting material of expanded graphite and carbon fiber etc., all are composite materials with better conduction and mechanical property, and can how much change conductivity of electrolyte materials by controlled doping, be a kind of effective way that realizes the macroscopic anisotropy layer.
Shortcoming: because less to the materials demand amount in the experiment, manufacturer is difficult to mix according to our demand, so also there is certain degree of difficulty in the buying of material.
Scheme four: as shown in Figure 5, contain the thin solid and the liquid alternated placement of hole.
Advantage: can change whole electrical conductivity by the electrical conductivity that changes liquid, change anisotropy coefficient by the degree of porosity that changes solid material, for example can use the plastics or the elastomeric material of thin layer, punch at axial direction then, size and density by the hole are controlled degree of porosity, realize comparatively simply, and cost is lower.
Though there is certain degree of difficulty in the third scheme in the buying of material, but still is enforceable, below be example with the 4th kind of scheme, specific embodiments of the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Experiment well model provided by the invention is to have multilayer and experiment well stage apparatus that contain the last uniaxial anisotropy layer of macroscopic view.This experiment well platform is used for the experiment of multiple-component induction logging instrument, can provide an excellent experimental platform for the Analysis of response and the performance evaluation of multiple-component induction logging instrument.The scheme of building of four layer models of this invention, macroscopical uniaxial anisotropy of country rock and thin interbed about having simulated effectively, can change the electrical conductivity of anisotropic band by the electrical conductivity that changes liquid, change anisotropy coefficient by the degree of porosity that changes solid material, have simple lower-cost characteristics.
As shown in Figure 6, the experiment well that the present invention makes up has four-layer structure, is air layer, solution layer, macroscopic anisotropy layer and soil horizon from top to bottom successively.
The concrete process that makes up is as follows:
Face down from ground and to dig the round pool of 3.8 meters of dark 1 rice diameters, the following hole of making a call to 0.16 meter of dark 2 rice diameter of mediad in the hole.Build thick 0.37 meter high 2.5 meters enclosure wall, 1.5 meters above ground level of enclosure wall along the round pool inwall.Select the PVC plastic pipe of 0.16 meter long 4.5 meters of external diameters for use,, then sealed end vertically is inserted and secured in the hole of hole central authorities, simulate well with this pipe with one end encapsulation process.All do tight waterproofing work at the bottom of pool wall and the pond.
At the bottom of evenly the PVC flaggies of punching overlay the pond with 3 meters of 12 layers of diameters, these PVC sheet material centers are preset with diameter and are at least 0.16 meter centre bore, to hold the PVC plastic pipe of simulating well, every interlayer is every 0.075 meter, 0.005 meter of material bed thickness, fill with certain density salt solution then in the pond, salt solution is penetrated in the void layer between flaggy by the hole on the PVC plate, and forming thickness is the macroscopic anisotropy layer of 0.96 meter (i.e. (0.005+0.075) * 12).The top of macroscopic anisotropy layer is 1.54 meters a solution layer.The top of solution layer is an air layer, down 2 meters soil horizons that the heavy back layer is a model at the bottom of the pond.
Face down from ground and to dig 1 meter and build the height that the pond can reduce experiment porch, be convenient to experimenter's operation of appearing on the stage, reduce danger.In the stratum, beat dark 2 meters hole, effectively utilize stratum one deck, saved experimental cost as model.
The realization of anisotropic band:
Select for use 0.005 meter thick PVC plate to make solid material, cut into 3 meters plectanes of diameter, then evenly punching onboard; Solution layer is selected the salt preparation of easy purchase for use, and brine layer thickness is 0.075 meter; Each 12 layers of plastics flaggy and brine layers, the macroscopic anisotropy layer gross thickness of formation is 0.08*12=0.96 rice.
The calculating principle of macroscopic anisotropy layer resistivity:
If the resistivity of liquid is ρ
1, solid material is a high resistivity (〉=10
6) isotropic material because solid material axially punches, be full of solution in the hole, make that the horizontal resistivity of the layers of solid material that contains hole is very big, vertical resistivity ρ
2Expression.
Contain the layers of solid material vertical resistor equivalent circuit of hole, as shown in Figure 7, be equivalent to R
1～R
NIndividual resistance is connected in parallel, wherein,
If each thin plate has N hole, each hole that is full of liquid is a resistance, R
iBe the resistance of each resistance, R
tBe R
1～R
NResistance after the individual resistance parallel connection, S
hBe the gross area of every layer of punching of layers of solid material, S
tBe the area of every layer of layers of solid material, l is the thickness of thin solid.
The equivalent circuit that macroscopic anisotropy layer vertical resistivity calculates as shown in Figure 8, is equivalent to R
1～R
NIndividual resistance is cascaded, if macroscopic anisotropy layer vertical resistivity ρ
vExpression, then:
Wherein, l
1Be the height of thin layer liquid, l
2Height for thin solid.
The equivalent circuit that macroscopic anisotropy layer horizontal resistivity calculates as shown in Figure 9, is equivalent to R
1～R
NIndividual resistance is connected in parallel, if macroscopic anisotropy layer horizontal resistivity ρ
hExpression, then:
Plastics flaggy drilling method:
As shown in figure 10, on plastic plate, divide inside and outside two circles respectively even axial direction punching, 1 meter of inner ring diameter, 4 millimeters of punching diameters, 10 millimeters of outer shroud punching diameters.The areas of inside and outside two circle punchings account for 1/150 of the gross area separately respectively, if the resistivity of solution is 1.0, then the vertical resistivity of Da Kong plastics flaggy is 150.The horizontal resistivity that obtains the anisotropic band on the macroscopic view is 1.067, and vertical resistivity is 10.313, anisotropy coefficient=vertical resistivity/horizontal resistivity=9.67.
Closely the contribution to response is bigger because inner ring is from well to divide the Internal and external cycle punching to be, the outer ring is far less to the contribution of response from well, so the inner ring punching is less closeer, the outer ring punching is thinner, but the gross area of Internal and external cycle punching is identical with the ratio of region area separately, and the workload that can suitably reduce punching like this can guarantee well to embody macroscopic anisotropy again.The degree of porosity of sheet material can be controlled by the size and the density in hole.
The fixing means of plastic plate:
As shown in figure 11, connect 14 plastic support (10 of 4 outer rings of inner ring) at every laminate back welding and support, with plastic plate in layer put into experiment well at the bottom of, in the time of placement, the hole of noting making each layer of plastic plate to, could match with the computation model of macroscopic anisotropy layer like this.Because the plastic plate aspect is long-pending bigger, thinner thickness, but every layer weight has 60 kilograms approximately, select for use plastic support to support, not only solved the fixedly difficult problem of plastics flaggy in experiment well, the plastics flaggy and the solution layer that constitute in the macroscopic anisotropy layer are separated, and avoided the fracture of plastic plate effectively.Placement in layer makes the installation and removal of anisotropic band convenient, is convenient to change the plastics flaggy of different aperture degree.
Key technology at experiment well model of the present invention is to have designed the simple and very effective macroscopic anisotropy layer of a kind of making.Design with regard to the macroscopic anisotropy layer provides some simulation results below, proves that this scheme can effectively simulate the macroscopic anisotropy layer.
Investigate the whether consistent and consistent condition of macroscopic anisotropy layer model of the present invention and true anisotropic band model response:
In order to investigate thin alternation of bed and anisotropic band whether can be equivalent on calculating, two kinds of models of Figure 12 and Figure 13 have been calculated, the macroscopic anisotropy layer of Figure 12 is that two kinds of electrical conductivity are respectively 0.1S/m, 1.0S/m thin layer alternating layer, solid layer and liquid layer thickness are 0.02m, be referred to as thin layer, the gross thickness of the macroscopic anisotropy layer that constitutes is 4m, the two ends layer is solution layer, and (levels of macroscopic anisotropy layer is electric isotropic layer, can realize by uniform liquid or air, here all adopt solution to realize), its electrical conductivity is 1.0S/m, the anisotropic model that Figure 13 model obtains by the connection in series-parallel equivalent circuit theory for Figure 12, the horizontal conductivity in intermediate layer are σ
h=0.55, vertical conductivity is σ
h=1.0.Usually we think that the induction logging response of the anisotropic band on mutual thin layer and the macroscopic view shown in Figure 13 on the microcosmic shown in Figure 12 is identical.For the method with numerical value is verified this point, the coil spacing that adopts is 0.8m, tranmitting frequency is 20k, two kinds of above-mentioned models have been carried out emulation, magnetic responsiveness curve such as Figure 14 of two kinds of models, from then on it is on all four scheming many components log response of these two kinds of models as can be seen, from another aspect this paper algorithm and program correctness has been described also simultaneously.
Next (h=0.1m, 0.2m is 0.4m) with equivalent situation, the vertical apparent conductivity when Figure 15 is respectively different thickness of thin layer with Figure 16 and the horizontal apparent conductivity curve of anisotropic model also to investigate different thickness of thin layer.From figure as can be seen when thickness of thin layer can equivalence be anisotropic model substantially during less than 0.1m (coil spacing 1/8).
Conclusion:
Can illustrate by this example, can equivalence calculate fully for anisotropic band for 1/8 the mutual thin layer of thickness of thin layer less than the coil spacing of multiple-component induction logging instrument to be tested.
Below verify the feasibility of experiment well model of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings by application example.
Because the experiment well model is axisymmetric model completely, the coplane coil response of x direction and y direction is equal.So the coil array of experiment has only designed two components (x component and z component), be horizontal coil (being also referred to as the coplane coil) and axial coil (being also referred to as coaxial coil), see Figure 17, adopt this coil canoe ratio to be easier to separation of level electrical conductivity and vertical conductivity, because Z is to a coil reaction level electrical conductivity, and X is to coil while reaction level and vertical conductivity.As shown in figure 18, the coplane coil to coaxial coil to all comprising transmitting coil, main receiving coil and compensation receiving coil, be main receiving coil, compensation receiving coil and transmitting coil from left to right successively, coplane coil and coaxial coil are intertwined.In addition, in order to reduce the influence of the outer bound pair response of well bucket, the coil spacing that experiment is adopted is less relatively, and the distance that is transmitted into main receiving coil is 0.6m, and being transmitted into the distance of mending between the receiving coil is 0.4m.
Application example 1:
Transmitting coil is in the receiving coil below, and salting liquid layer electrical conductivity is 0.35s/m, and macroscopic anisotropy layer electrical conductivity is σ
v=0.034s/m, σ
h=0.33s/m, response curve such as Figure 19, among the figure, long dotted line is that the z of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.35s/m is to the coil experimental measurements, solid line is that the x of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.35s/m is to the coil experimental measurements, length point septal line is the true horizon electrical conductivity curve of four layers of each layer of experimental model, and short dotted line is the true vertical electrical conductivity curve of four layers of each layer of experimental model.
Formation conductivity is 0.075s/m during emulation, and other is constant, used model parameter emulation obtains through FEM (limited element analysis technique, Finite Element Method) response curve such as Figure 20 when utilizing Figure 19 to measure.Among the figure, long dotted line is that the z of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.35s/m is to the coil simulation result, solid line is that the x of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.35s/m is to the coil simulation result, length point septal line is the true horizon electrical conductivity curve of four layers of each layer of experimental model, and short dotted line is the true vertical electrical conductivity curve of four layers of each layer of experimental model.
For further with simulation result contrast, emulation and measurement result be placed in same the figure contrast, as Figure 21 and shown in Figure 22.
Figure 21 puts the x direction coil response curve among Figure 19 and Figure 20 together to survey the curve map that contrasts with emulation, among the figure, dotted line be the x of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.35s/m to the coil experimental measurements, solid line is that the x of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.35s/m is to the coil simulation result.
Figure 22 puts the z direction coil response curve among Figure 19 and Figure 20 together to survey the curve map that contrasts with emulation, among the figure, dotted line be the z of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.35s/m to the coil experimental measurements, solid line is that the z of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.35s/m is to the coil simulation result.
Application example 2:
Transmitting coil is in the receiving coil below, and salting liquid layer electrical conductivity is 0.21s/m, and macroscopic anisotropy layer electrical conductivity is σ
v=0.197s/m, σ
h=0.020s/m, response curve such as Figure 23, among the figure, long dotted line is that the z of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.21s/m is to the coil experimental measurements, solid line is that the x of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.21s/m is to the coil experimental measurements, length point septal line is the true horizon electrical conductivity curve of four layers of each layer of experimental model, and short dotted line is the true vertical electrical conductivity curve of four layers of each layer of experimental model.
Formation conductivity is 0.075s/m during emulation, and other is constant, used model parameter emulation obtains through FEM response curve such as Figure 24 when utilizing Figure 23 to measure.Among the figure, long dotted line is that the z of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.21s/m is to the coil simulation result, solid line is that the x of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.21s/m is to the coil simulation result, length point septal line is the true horizon electrical conductivity curve of four layers of each layer of experimental model, and short dotted line is the true vertical electrical conductivity curve of four layers of each layer of experimental model.
For further with simulation result contrast, emulation and measurement result be placed in same the figure contrast, as Figure 25 and shown in Figure 26.
Figure 25 puts the x direction coil response curve among Figure 23 and Figure 24 together to survey the curve map that contrasts with emulation, among the figure, dotted line be the x of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.21s/m to the coil experimental measurements, solid line is that the x of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.21s/m is to the coil simulation result.
Figure 26 puts the z direction coil response curve among Figure 23 and Figure 24 together to survey the curve map that contrasts with emulation, among the figure, dotted line be the z of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.21s/m to the coil experimental measurements, solid line is that the z of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.21s/m is to the coil simulation result.
The salting liquid electrical conductivity be 0.35s/m and salting liquid electrical conductivity be the measurement result of 0.21s/m be placed on same the figure with the simulation result contrast respectively as Figure 27, Figure 28, Figure 29 and shown in Figure 30:
Figure 27 is to be the salting liquid electrical conductivity that 0.35s/m and salting liquid electrical conductivity are the curve map that the x direction coil experimental measurements of 0.21s/m compares.Among the figure, dotted line be the x of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.35s/m to the coil experimental measurements, solid line is that the x of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.21s/m is to the coil experimental measurements;
Figure 28 is to be the salting liquid electrical conductivity that 0.35s/m and salting liquid electrical conductivity are the curve map that the x direction coil simulation result of 0.21s/m compares, among the figure, dotted line be the x of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.35s/m to the coil simulation result, solid line is that the x of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.21s/m is to the coil simulation result;
Figure 29 is to be the salting liquid electrical conductivity that 0.35s/m and salting liquid electrical conductivity are the curve map that the z direction coil experimental measurements of 0.21s/m compares, among the figure, dotted line be the z of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.35s/m to the coil experimental measurements, solid line is that the z of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.21s/m is to the coil experimental measurements;
Figure 30 is to be the salting liquid electrical conductivity that 0.35s/m and salting liquid electrical conductivity are the curve map that the z direction coil simulation result of 0.21s/m compares, among the figure, dotted line be the z of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.35s/m to the coil simulation result, solid line is that the z of salting liquid electrical conductivity when being 0.21s/m is to the coil simulation result.
As can be seen from the figure respond electrical conductivity comparatively responsively, increase with electrical conductivity, the amplitude of response is also increasing.
Brief summary:
1, simulation result and experimental result are coincide better.Because model orlop model is actual formation, its electrical conductivity the unknown, and comparatively complicated (have multilayer, soil layer and waterproofing course etc. are arranged) are so emulation and experimental result are deposited certain discrepancy.
2, the horizontal respone signal of macroscopic anisotropy layer was wanted obviously greater than the horizontal respone signal of isotropic aqueous solution layer and separating of vertical response signal with separating of vertical response signal.
More than 2 design schemes that prove absolutely macroscopic anisotropy layer of the present invention be feasible, whole experiment well Model Design is effective to the multiple-component induction logging instrument performance detection.
The present invention is used for the experiment well model of multiple-component induction logging, the material that employing has different electrical conductivity has been simulated the target zone and the vertical demixing structure of country rock up and down in the well logging, model has four layers, the ground vertical direction is air layer from top to bottom successively, solution layer, macroscopic anisotropy layer and soil horizon, the method that anisotropic band adopts evenly punch solid material and conducting solution alternately to place realizes, change the level of macroscopic anisotropy layer by the electrical conductivity that changes solution, vertical conductivity changes the anisotropy coefficient of macroscopic anisotropy layer by the degree of porosity that changes solid material.
The natural layering that four layer models of the present invention have utilized air and ground is two-layer as the experiment well model, make a call to the hole of a well size as well at underground, thereby the underground soil horizon is as the one deck in four layer models, adopted anisotropic band design scheme cleverly, for the test of multiple-component induction logging instrument provides a rational experiment porch.
The method that macroscopical uniaxial anisotropy layer in four layer models adopts evenly punch solid material and conducting solution alternately to place realizes, wherein the scope of solid material selection is more, as PVC plate, rubber tile, plank, conducting solution is selected the raw material configuration that conducts electricity very well after soluble in water and water-soluble, as salt, KCl.
The placement of solid material flaggy is to support at the pillar that every laminate back welding connects some, with the solid material plate in layer put into experiment well at the bottom of, in the time of placement, each layer pillar aligns up and down.
Essence of the present invention is to adopt the PVC plate of evenly punching and salting liquid to replace the simulation that the method for placing realizes anisotropic band, compares with other schemes, and the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Experiment material is bought easily, low price;
Materials processing is simple, and is easy for installation;
Can change the electrical conductivity of macroscopic anisotropy layer by the electrical conductivity that changes liquid, change the anisotropy coefficient of macroscopic anisotropy layer, greatly reduce the difficulty of experimental design by the degree of porosity that changes solid material;
The natural layering that effectively utilizes air and ground is two-layer as the experiment well model, has reduced the design difficulty and the cost of engineering;
The isotropic material of formation macroscopic anisotropy layer is distribution uniform in the horizontal direction, helps simulating the uniaxial anisotropy material layer.
In sum, the design scheme of the block mold that the present invention is given provides effective experimental model for the test of multiple-component induction logging instrument, and is simple, with low cost.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of experiment well that is used for testing multiple-component induction logging instrument, this experiment well comprises the macroscopic anisotropy layer, it is characterized in that: the macroscopic anisotropy layer adopts isotropic high resistivity material and liquid alternated stacked method that contains hole to realize that described solid material and liquid are laminate structure.
2, experiment well as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described liquid is conducting solution, described solid material is a sheet material, change level, the vertical conductivity of described macroscopic anisotropy layer by the electrical conductivity that changes described solution, change the anisotropy coefficient of described macroscopic anisotropy layer by the degree of porosity that changes described sheet material.
3, experiment well as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the hole of described sheet material is by evenly punching realization on sheet material, described macroscopic anisotropy layer horizontal resistivity ρ
hSatisfy following formula:
Described macroscopic anisotropy layer vertical resistivity ρ
vSatisfy following formula:
The vertical resistivity ρ of described sheet material
2Satisfy following formula:
Wherein, l
1Be the height of every layer of liquid, l
2Be the height of every laminate material, wherein S
hBe the gross area of every laminate material punching, S
tBe the area of every laminate material, ρ
1Resistivity for liquid.
4, experiment well as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described sheet material is circular sheet material, divides inside and outside two circle punchings, and the inner ring punching is less closeer, and the outer ring punching is thinner, and the gross area of Internal and external cycle punching is identical with the ratio of region area separately.
5, experiment well as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described sheet material is PVC plate, rubber tile or plank, and described conducting solution adopts salt or KCl configuration.
6, experiment well as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described solid material and liquid lamella thickness are less than 1/8 of the coil spacing of multiple-component induction logging instrument to be tested.
7, experiment well as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described experiment well is the vertical demixing structure, is air layer, solution layer, described macroscopic anisotropy layer and soil horizon from top to down successively.
8, experiment well as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: support by pillar spacer between described sheet material.
9, experiment well as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: described post patch material bottom, levels sheet material pillar aligns placement.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102966345A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-03-13 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Simulation well system for testing electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument |
| RU2542998C1 (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-02-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЛУКОЙЛ-Инжиниринг" (ООО "ЛУКОЙЛ-Инжиниринг") | Gas permeability anisotropy laboratory measurement on whole cores |
| CN109577963A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-04-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device for simulating anisotropic stratum array lateral logging response and construction method thereof |
| CN109944589A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-28 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Anisotropic reservoir physical model production method and device |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4981037A (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1991-01-01 | Baroid Technology, Inc. | Method for determining pore pressure and horizontal effective stress from overburden and effective vertical stresses |
| US5247829A (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1993-09-28 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method for individually characterizing the layers of a hydrocarbon subsurface reservoir |
| CN1313703C (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2007-05-02 | 石油大学(北京) | Experimental apparatus forb simulating seepage flow |
| CN201003399Y (en) * | 2006-12-10 | 2008-01-09 | 佟广新 | Double compensation injection profile logging device |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102966345A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-03-13 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Simulation well system for testing electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument |
| CN102966345B (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2015-08-05 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | A kind of simulation well system for testing electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument |
| RU2542998C1 (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-02-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЛУКОЙЛ-Инжиниринг" (ООО "ЛУКОЙЛ-Инжиниринг") | Gas permeability anisotropy laboratory measurement on whole cores |
| CN109577963A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-04-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device for simulating anisotropic stratum array lateral logging response and construction method thereof |
| CN109944589A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-28 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Anisotropic reservoir physical model production method and device |
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| CN101377130B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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Address after: 100010 Chaoyangmen North Street, Dongcheng District, Dongcheng District, Beijing Co-patentee after: China Oilfield Services Limited Patentee after: China Offshore Oil Group Co., Ltd. Address before: 100010 Chaoyangmen North Street, Dongcheng District, Dongcheng District, Beijing Co-patentee before: China Oilfield Services Limited Patentee before: China National Offshore Oil Corporation |