CN101367156B - Linear friction welding method - Google Patents
Linear friction welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101367156B CN101367156B CN2008101510862A CN200810151086A CN101367156B CN 101367156 B CN101367156 B CN 101367156B CN 2008101510862 A CN2008101510862 A CN 2008101510862A CN 200810151086 A CN200810151086 A CN 200810151086A CN 101367156 B CN101367156 B CN 101367156B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a linear friction welding method, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: the amplitude of two weldments is preset as a constant amplitude, and the vibration frequency is increased to higher frequency from lower frequency at the early stage of friction; then a constant-frequency constant-amplitude friction stage is performed, and the vibration frequency and the amplitude are constant at this time; at the final stage of the friction, the amplitude is gradually reduced, and the welding is finished by applying upsetting pressure when the amplitude is gradually reduced to zero to lead the two weldments to return and align; and the friction pressure is constant during the whole welding process. The larger amplitude and the lower frequency at the early stage of the friction can perform effective mechanical cleaning and preheating to the friction interface; at the middle and late stage of the friction, the amplitude is gradually reduced to ensure that a high temperature interval of a joint is wider and evener, deformed metal can be fully restored and recrystallized, thereby eliminating the residual stress of the welding joint and improving the quality of the joint.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of friction welding method, particularly a kind of frequency conversion rate, change amplitude linearity friction welding method.
Background technology
Document " impact flexibility of TC4 titanium alloy linear friction plumb joint and fracture feature malleable iron army, Zhang Xuejun, Yang Siqian; Zhang Yong; Zhang Yun's rosy clouds " aeronautical material journal " the 6th phase in 2007,40-44 page or leaf " discloses a kind of linear friction welding method, and this method adopts constant frequency rate, permanent amplitude welding procedure, promptly in the welding overall process, frequency, amplitude constant are constant, and when welding finished, amplitude reduced to 0 suddenly by constant, make two weldment return centerings, apply upset force simultaneously and finish welding.The disclosed technological parameter of document is: vibration frequency 15Hz, amplitude 3.8mm, friction pressure 17.9kN, upset force 36.8kN, fraction time 8s.Promptly in welding total time 8s, vibration frequency perseverance be 15Hz, and amplitude perseverance is 3.8mm, and when welding end, promptly in the 8s moment, amplitude sports 0 from 3.8mm, makes two weldment return centerings, and applies upset force and finish welding.
The disclosed linear friction welding method of document has following shortcoming: 1. the friction initial stage just enters strong frictional vibration process.In the friction starting stage, the temperature of weld interface is lower, and " doing " friction process that two interfaces are strong can make welding machine produce judder.This vibration not only can influence the service life of equipment, destroy the stable Frotteurism between weld interface, and the local location that makes frictional interface heats too early, oxidation, aggravates the uneven deformation extent of welding process weld interface, thereby influences the quality of welding point; 2. in follow-up friction phase, because the intensity of frictional interface thermoplastic metal and toughness reduce significantly, burnoff rate increases rapidly, too fast deformation velocity makes between the high-temperature region of weld seam and heat affected area and narrows down, cause subsequently return and upset stage because the answer and the recrystallization process of deformable metal are insufficient, make welding point produce bigger residual stress, its fatigue fracture is substantially at weld seam and peripheral position, and fatigue life, value was about 50～70% of mother metal.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of prior art quality of weld joint difference, the present invention proposes a kind of linear friction welding method, adopt the method for frequency conversion rate, change amplitude, can effectively improve the quality of welding point.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of linear friction welding method, the amplitude that it is characterized in that comprising the steps: setting two weldments is permanent amplitude 1.5～3.0mm, and vibration frequency was incremented to 30～90Hz by 10～30Hz in 2～4 seconds friction initial stages; Be the constant frequency rate in 2～12 seconds, permanent amplitude friction phase then, this moment, vibration frequency was 30～90Hz, and amplitude is 1.5～3.0mm; Last 2～4 seconds of friction, amplitude was decremented to 0 gradually by 1.5～3.0mm, and vibration frequency is 30～90Hz, reduces to 0 gradually when amplitude, when making two weldment return centerings, applies upsetting force 60～160MPa and finishes welding; In the whole welding process, friction pressure is 20～80MPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: obtain stable Frotteurism easily than the friction of initial stage of large amplitude, lower frequency, can carry out effective mechanical chipping and preheating to frictional interface, and the vibration of welding machine is less, help prolonging welding machine service life; Increase gradually with the friction frequency, help progressively forming uniform connector temperature and distribute, around joint, extrude even overlap easily, can effectively prevent the joint oxidation; The friction middle and later periods, amplitude reduces to make broad and more even between the high-temperature region of joint gradually, deformable metal can be replied and crystallization more fully, eliminated the residual stress of welding point, weld seam is fine and close, uniform ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure, nearly seam district organizes also to be replied and crystallization again through sufficient, and its tissue and mother metal are approaching.Therefore can obtain the joint of high-quality, all at the mother metal position away from weld seam, can meet or exceed mother metal the fatigue life of joint to its fatigue fracture.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is elaborated.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the photo in kind of the inventive method embodiment 1 welding point.
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal profile metallograph of Fig. 1 joint.
Fig. 3 is the photo in kind of embodiment 4 method welding points.
Fig. 4 is the longitudinal profile metallograph of Fig. 3 joint.
The specific embodiment
The inventive method is in welding process, and two weldments are earlier with permanent amplitude vibration friction, and the permanent amplitude of this amplitude during with constant frequency rate, permanent amplitude welding procedure is identical.And vibration frequency begins to a certain moment to be incremented to steady state value by one gradually than the low value original frequency from friction, and carries out friction welding after this keeping this constant, and this constant is identical with the constant frequency rate of constant frequency rate, permanent amplitude welding procedure.The frequency increments time is decided to be 1/10～1/3 of total weld interval according to concrete welding procedure, and the initial vibration frequency generally is decided to be in 1/5～1/2 scope of permanent frequency values according to welding procedure.Next enter permanent amplitude, constant frequency rate friction phase, when the fraction time in this stage is constant frequency rate, permanent amplitude welding procedure 1/3～2/3 of total fraction time.After this, amplitude is not to reduce to 0 suddenly, but begins slow falling from steady state value, enters into to become the amplitude friction welding stage, reduces to 0 gradually when making two weldment return centerings when amplitude, applies upset force and finishes welding.This amplitude friction phase of successively decreasing generally accounts for 1/5～1/2 of total friction welding time.In whole frequency conversion rate, become in the amplitude linearity friction welding (FW) process, friction pressure and upsetting force and constant frequency rate, permanent amplitude welding procedure are identical.
Embodiment 1: utilize the inventive method to carry out TC4 titanium alloy linear friction welding test.The length of welding piece is 46mm, and welded section is 15mm * 18mm, rubs along the vibration of 18mm dimensional directions during welding.Technological parameter is: vibration frequency in 2 seconds friction initial stages by the 10Hz linear increment to 30Hz; Enter into the friction phase of constant frequency rate 30Hz, permanent amplitude 1.5mm afterwards, continue 2 seconds; Then amplitude was decremented to 0 gradually by 1.5mm in 2 seconds.Friction pressure 20MPa, upsetting force 60MPa.
Embodiment 2: utilize the inventive method to carry out steel wire frottage soldering test No. 45.The length of welding piece is 46mm, and welded section is 20mm * 60mm, rubs along the vibration of 60mm dimensional directions during welding.Technological parameter is: vibration frequency in 3 seconds friction initial stages by the 20Hz linear increment to 60Hz; Enter into the friction phase of constant frequency rate 60Hz, permanent amplitude 2.0mm afterwards, continue 8 seconds; Then amplitude in 3 seconds by 2.0mm linear decrease to 0.Friction pressure 50MPa, upsetting force 100MPa.
Embodiment 3: utilize the inventive method to carry out steel wire frottage soldering test No. 45.The length of welding piece is 46mm, and welded section is 30mm * 80mm, rubs along the vibration of 80mm dimensional directions during welding.Technological parameter is: vibration frequency in 4 seconds friction initial stages by the 30Hz linear increment to 90Hz; Enter into the friction phase of constant frequency rate 90Hz, permanent amplitude 3.0mm afterwards, continue 12 seconds; Then amplitude in 4 seconds by 3.0mm linear decrease to 0.Friction pressure 80MPa, upsetting force 160MPa.
Embodiment 4: utilizing prior art is constant frequency rate, permanent amplitude welding procedure, has carried out TC4 titanium alloy linear friction welding test.Technological parameter is: vibration frequency 30Hz, amplitude 1.5mm, friction pressure 20MPa, upsetting force 60MPa, fraction time 6s.
Two kinds of methods have respectively been welded several to test specimen.Postwelding joint to two kinds of welding methods has carried out macro morphology observation, metallographic structure analysis and mechanical property test respectively.
As can see from Figure 1, the postwelding joint of welding method of the present invention heating vestige is even, and overlap evenly seals around the interface, and overlap ripple uniform and delicate is from showing good welding quality in appearance.As can see from Figure 2, weld seam has passed through fully crystallization again, is fine and close, uniform ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure, and nearly seam district organizes also to be replied and crystallization again through sufficient, and its tissue and mother metal are approaching.
Joint breaks all at the mother metal position in Erichsen test, shows that tensile property surpasses mother metal; In the joint experiment on fatigue properties, all test specimen all breaks at the mother metal position, shows that fatigue life is all above mother metal.
As can see from Figure 3, the part joint of art methods postwelding, the heating vestige is obviously inhomogeneous, and the overlap ripple is thicker, and the interface overlap of part joint does not have complete closed.Sealing place is not dissected and metallographic observation, find to have incomplete penetration defect.As can see from Figure 4, the fibrous texture tissue morphology that weld metal forms in high speed reciprocating friction process is high-visible, and nearly seam district and heat affected area metaplasia are also more obvious, shows the answer of joint metal and crystallization degree is insufficient again.
In the Erichsen test of joint, 50% breaks on mother metal, and tensile strength mean value is near 90% of strength of parent; In the joint experiment on fatigue properties, test specimen breaks substantially at weld seam and peripheral position, and fatigue life, mean value was 55% of mother metal, showed that fatigue behaviour is relatively poor.
Think: obtain stable Frotteurism easily than the friction of initial stage of large amplitude, lower frequency, can carry out effective mechanical chipping and preheating to frictional interface, and the vibration of welding machine is less, help prolonging welding machine service life.Increase gradually with the friction frequency, help progressively forming uniform connector temperature and distribute.With the further raising of friction frequency, weld interface temperature fast rise, this moment, joint metal visco-plasticity improved fast, because connector temperature is evenly distributed, so extrude even overlap easily around joint, can effectively prevent the joint oxidation.After the friction frequency rose to maximum and enters constant frequency rate friction phase, burnoff rate obviously increased.After the joint shortening amount reaches certain requirement, amplitude is reduced gradually, on the one hand deformation velocity is suitably reduced, on the one hand the joint two ends are rubbed to go out interfacial area to the maximum position time shift to reduce gradually, the two ends dissipated heat reduces to help whole joint interface equalizing temperature.Two aspect actings in conjunction make broad and more even between the high-temperature region of joint, in little amplitude friction phase subsequently, deformable metal can be replied and crystallization more fully, eliminated the residual stress of welding point, weld seam is fine and close, uniform ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure, and nearly seam district organizes also to be replied and crystallization again through sufficient, and its tissue and mother metal are approaching, therefore can obtain the joint of high-quality, especially performance is excellent aspect the fatigue behaviour of joint.
Claims (1)
1. linear friction welding method, the amplitude that it is characterized in that comprising the steps: setting two weldments is permanent amplitude 1.5～3.0mm, vibration frequency by 10～30Hz, did not comprise 30Hz in 2～4 seconds friction initial stages, be incremented to 30～90Hz; Be the constant frequency rate in 2～12 seconds, permanent amplitude friction phase then, this moment, vibration frequency was 30～90Hz, and amplitude is 1.5～3.0mm; Last 2～4 seconds of friction, amplitude was decremented to 0 gradually by 1.5～3.0mm, and vibration frequency is 30～90Hz, reduces to 0 gradually when amplitude, when making two weldment return centerings, applies upsetting force 60～160MPa and finishes welding; In the whole welding process, friction pressure is 20～80MPa.
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| CN2008101510862A CN101367156B (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2008-09-25 | Linear friction welding method |
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| CN2008101510862A CN101367156B (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2008-09-25 | Linear friction welding method |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB201111428D0 (en) | 2011-07-05 | 2011-08-17 | Rolls Royce Plc | A method of linear friction welding |
| RU2492037C1 (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-09-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный минерально-сырьевой университет "Горный" | Method of decreasing residual strain in welded metal joints of pipelines |
| CN105171231A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-23 | 无锡清杨机械制造有限公司 | Welding technology |
| CN105855735B (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2018-02-06 | 西北工业大学 | The welding method of TiAl intermetallic compound |
| CN111639448B (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2022-04-01 | 西北工业大学 | Linear friction welding numerical simulation method introducing initial defects |
| CN111408912B (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-08-20 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Preparation method and clamping tool for small-diameter narrow-gap thin-wall multi-blade component |
| CN112657948A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-04-16 | 凯盛光伏材料有限公司 | Cleaning method for bus bar welding joint of thin-film solar cell |
| CN112756769B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-04-12 | 西安理工大学 | Titanium alloy friction welding joint optimization method based on thermal coupling condition |
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