CN101359118B - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101359118B
CN101359118B CN200810129451XA CN200810129451A CN101359118B CN 101359118 B CN101359118 B CN 101359118B CN 200810129451X A CN200810129451X A CN 200810129451XA CN 200810129451 A CN200810129451 A CN 200810129451A CN 101359118 B CN101359118 B CN 101359118B
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China
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liquid crystal
mentioned
substrate
crystal layer
electrode
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CN200810129451XA
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CN101359118A (en
Inventor
足立昌哉
武田新太郎
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Panasonic Liquid Crystal Display Co Ltd
Japan Display Inc
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Hitachi Displays Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
    • G02F1/133555—Transflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133541—Circular polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133631—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with a spatial distribution of the retardation value
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/13718—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a change of the texture state of a cholesteric liquid crystal

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid crystal display device corresponding to each pixel size and using isotropic liquid crystal, which comprises a first transparent substrate (110) and a second transparent substrate (111) as well as an isotropic liquid crystal layer (200) clamped between the substrates. The second transparent substrate (111) is provided with a pixel electrode (190) and common electrodes (130, 170), a reflection area (RA) and a transmission area (TA) in a pixel. In the reflection area (RA), the pixel electrode (190) is formed as a comb tooth shape, and the common electrode (130) separated from an insulating layer (180) is formed as a face shape. In the transmission area (TA), the pixel electrode (190) and the common electrode (170) are formed as comb tooth shapes. For the electric field generated in the liquid crystal layer (200) through the voltage difference between the pixel electrode (190) and the common electrodes (130, 170), the electric field of the reflection area (RA) is lower than the electric field of the transmission area (TA).

Description

Liquid crystal indicator
Technical field
The present invention relates to use the liquid crystal indicator of optically isotropic liquid crystal material, particularly the liquid crystal indicator of Transflective.
Background technology
Display device be with the information vision pass to human medium, in the modern times of the information society that becomes height,, become important existence for human, social.Especially, in recent years, the performance of liquid crystal indicator significantly improves, and is adopted to from the portable phone to the personal computer and then the display device of big frame TV etc.Liquid crystal indicator is generally by display panels be configured in its back side and constitute to the backlight (lighting device) of display panels irradiates light.Under the situation of color display, 1 pixel (pixel) for example is made of 3 sub-pixels (sub pixel) corresponding with red, blue, green this 3 primary colors, by the sub-pixel corresponding with each color controlled independently, reproduces shades of colour.
At the liquid crystal indicator that is used for mobile device such as portable phone, for can be, and use the liquid crystal indicator of Transflective corresponding to wide lighting environment.The liquid crystal indicator of Transflective has regional transmission and reflector space in 1 sub-pixel (subpixel) of the viewing area that constitutes its display panels.Regional transmission is by realizing that to controlling from the optical transmission amount of backlight transmission-type shows.On the other hand, by realizing that to controlling reflection-type shows from the reflection of light amount of outside.That is, the liquid crystal indicator of Transflective mainly shows by transmission-type under dark environment, and mainly shows by reflection-type under bright environment, guarantees the visibility of display image, so can use under wide lighting environment.As the liquid crystal indicator of existing wide visual field angle, the liquid crystal indicator of known IPS (In PlaneSwitching, transverse electric field effect) mode.The liquid crystal indicator of also known in addition VA (Vertical Alignment, vertical orientated) mode and TN (Twisted Nematic, twisted-nematic) mode etc.Wherein, every kind of mode all has a pair of transparency carrier, be clipped in the liquid crystal layer that is made of nematic liquid crystal material between these transparency carriers, on the face of the opposite side with liquid crystal layer of each transparency carrier a pair of polaroid of configuration respectively, come display image by the polarized state of light that incides liquid crystal layer being changed control the optical transmission amount.
But as following non-patent literature 1 record, nematic liquid crystal material presents the light scattering that is caused by the heat shake of molecule.IPS mode, VA mode all become black the demonstration when not applying voltage, but all contrast reduces because the light that this light scattering causes leaks on principle.This problem is the intrinsic problem of nematic liquid crystal material.
Relative with it, known optical is three-dimensional or have the material of optically isotropic liquid crystal (hereinafter referred to as " isotropy liquid crystal ") two-dimensionally in recent years.This isotropy liquid crystal has following character: when liquid crystal layer not being applied voltage, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecule is optical 3-dimensional or isotropy two-dimensionally, if form electric field by applying voltage, then the direction inductor along electric field goes out birefringence.As isotropic material in the material of the isotropy liquid crystal of reporting in recent years, that have three-dimensional, the blue phase of smectic, the blue phase of courage steroid are arranged.In addition, the isotropic material as having two dimension has banana-shaped (Bent Core) structure.In the banana-shaped structure, make liquid-crystal compounds vertical orientated with respect to substrate, when not applying voltage, in the face of liquid crystal layer, have isotropy.In addition, known cube of phase, smectic Q phase, micella (micellar) phase, reversed micelle phase or sponge equate.
In following non-patent literature 2, non-patent literature 3, and temperature range blue phase that practicality low extremely narrow about existing temperature range enlarges to be put down in writing.In addition, in following non-patent literature 4, record the material and the character thereof of the isotropy liquid crystal such as optics biaxiality of banana-shaped structure.In addition, in following non-patent literature 5, record the optical element that has used the isotropy liquid crystal.
In addition, in following patent documentation 1, the concrete electrode structure of the display panels that has used the isotropy liquid crystal is disclosed.In addition, in following patent documentation 2, the open liquid crystal indicator that has gone out to use the Transflective of isotropy liquid crystal records the electric field that the makes reflector space structure less than the electric field of regional transmission.Particularly, record to make and constitute a plurality of interelectrode distance that forms with the electric field of real estate almost parallel different structure in reflector space and regional transmission.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2006-3840 communique
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2006-215287 communique
Non-patent literature 1:W.H.de Jeu work, Shi Jingli, holt fine horse are situated between and translate: the rerum natura of liquid crystal, 90-94 page or leaf
Non-patent literature 2:Harry J.Coles, Nature, 436 volumes, 997-1000 page or leaf, 2005
Non-patent literature 3: Ji Ze is sincere etc., Journal of Materials Chemistry, 15 volumes, 3285-3290 page or leaf, 2005 years
Non-patent literature 4:Bharat R.Acharya etc., LIQUID CRYSTALSTODAY, VOL.13, No.1,1-4,2004
Non-patent literature 5: the abundant heir of Kikuchi, Advanced Materials, 17 volumes, 96-98 page or leaf, 2005
In above-mentioned patent documentation 2,, make that to constitute a plurality of interelectrode distance that forms with the electric field of real estate almost parallel different in reflector space and regional transmission for the electric field that makes reflector space electric field less than regional transmission.Herein, because the precision of manufacturing installations such as exposure device, the quantity of the electrode that can be provided with in 1 pixel is restricted.Especially, in the meticulous display panels of height, because the size of pixel is little, so the quantity of the electrode that can be provided with in 1 pixel is defined as several.In this case, the scope of the interelectrode distance that can realize is restricted, so be difficult to make the relation of the electric field level of reflector space and regional transmission to meet the desired condition.
In addition, as mentioned above,, illustrated the character different, but, do not discussed fully about the structure of the display device of having used this liquid crystal material with liquid crystal in the past for anisotropic liquid crystal.
Summary of the invention
The present invention finishes in view of above-mentioned problem, its purpose be to be implemented in the demonstration that also can obtain becoming clear under the little Pixel Dimensions use the liquid crystal indicator of Transflective of isotropy liquid crystal.Preferred construction when in addition, its purpose is to realize that the isotropy liquid crystal effectively utilized into display device.
Liquid crystal indicator of the present invention is characterised in that, have: display panels has the 1st substrate, the 2nd substrate, is clipped in the liquid crystal layer between above-mentioned the 1st substrate and above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, pixel electrode and the public electrode that on above-mentioned the 2nd substrate liquid crystal layer is driven; Backlight is configured on a side the face of this display panels; For above-mentioned the 1st substrate, the 1st circular polarizing disk that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 2nd substrate face, disposes; And for above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, the 2nd circular polarizing disk that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 1st substrate face, disposes, above-mentioned liquid crystal layer has by applying voltage and from optically isotropic state optically anisotropic character takes place, above-mentioned display panels has reflector space and regional transmission in 1 pixel, in above-mentioned reflector space, be formed the opening that possesses slit-shaped on broach shape or the planar electrode a side of pixel electrode and above-mentioned public electrode, and the opposing party is formed planar in different layers across insulation course, in addition, in regional transmission, pixel electrode and public electrode are formed the broach shape in identical layer, and then pixel electrodes and above-mentioned public electrode are disposed alternately; For the electric field that is formed on by the voltage difference between pixel electrode and the public electrode in the liquid crystal layer, the electric field of reflector space is less than the electric field of regional transmission.
In addition, liquid crystal indicator of the present invention is characterised in that, in pixel electrode and public electrode, be formed the peristome that possesses slit-shaped on broach shape or the planar electrode at the electrode that forms near a side of liquid crystal layer, and the opposing party forms in different layers across insulation course, reflector space and is compared at the regional transmission place, and insulation course is bigger at the thickness at reflector space place.
In addition, liquid crystal indicator of the present invention is characterised in that, in regional transmission, in pixel electrode or the public electrode, the electrode that forms in the side away from liquid crystal layer forms planar, in reflector space, the electrode that forms away from a side of liquid crystal layer in pixel electrode or public electrode forms on the planar electrode possesses peristome.
And then, liquid crystal indicator of the present invention is characterised in that, have: display panels has the 1st substrate, the 2nd substrate, is clipped in the liquid crystal layer between above-mentioned the 1st substrate and above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, pixel electrode and the public electrode that on above-mentioned the 2nd substrate liquid crystal layer is driven; Backlight is configured on a side the face of above-mentioned display panels; For above-mentioned the 1st substrate, the 1st polaroid that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 2nd substrate face, disposes; And for above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, the 2nd polaroid that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 1st substrate face, disposes, above-mentioned liquid crystal layer has by applying voltage and from optically isotropic state optically anisotropic character takes place, above-mentioned display panels has reflector space and regional transmission on 1 pixel, in reflector space, be formed the opening that possesses slit-shaped on broach shape or the planar electrode a side of pixel electrode and public electrode, the opposing party is formed planar in different layers across insulation course, for the electric field that is formed on by the voltage difference between pixel electrode and the public electrode in the liquid crystal layer, the electric field of reflector space is less than regional transmission, in reflector space, between liquid crystal layer and the 1st substrate or the 2nd substrate, possesses built-in phase separation layer.
In addition, liquid crystal indicator of the present invention is characterised in that, have: display panels has the 1st substrate, the 2nd substrate, is clipped in the liquid crystal layer between above-mentioned the 1st substrate and above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, pixel electrode and the public electrode that on above-mentioned the 2nd substrate liquid crystal layer is driven; Backlight is configured on a side the face of this display panels; For above-mentioned the 1st substrate, the 1st polaroid that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 2nd substrate face, disposes; And for above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, the 2nd polaroid that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 1st substrate face, disposes, above-mentioned liquid crystal layer has by applying voltage and from optically isotropic state optically anisotropic character takes place, above-mentioned display panels has reflector space and regional transmission on 1 pixel, in reflector space, between pixel electrode and public electrode and the 2nd substrate, possesses the reflection horizon, and then, at least in reflector space, between reflection horizon and liquid crystal layer, has polarization layer, the absorption axes quadrature of the absorption axes of the 1st polaroid and above-mentioned the 2nd polaroid, the absorption axes of polarization layer is parallel with the absorption axes of above-mentioned the 2nd polaroid.
More than, by the present invention, can realize using the liquid crystal indicator of the Transflective of isotropy liquid crystal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic block diagram of an example of integral layout that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the equivalent circuit diagram of active matrix of viewing area 2 that constitutes the display panels 1 of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the summary section of structure of the major part of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the planimetric map of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Figure 13 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Figure 15 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals
1: display panels; 2: the viewing area; 3: backlight; 7: data line; 8: grid line; 100: sub-pixel (sub pixel); 110: the 1 transparency carriers; 111: the 2 transparency carriers; 120: on-off element; 121: semiconductor layer; 122: gate insulating film; 123: gate electrode; 124: interlayer dielectric; 127: insulation course; 130: public reflection electrode layer; 135: the reflection horizon; 150: polarization layer; 170: public electrode; 170L: public electrode wiring; 180: insulation course; 180a: insulation course; 180b: insulation course; 190: pixel electrode; 200: liquid crystal layer; 210: the 1 polaroids; 211: the 2 polaroids; 220: the 1 polarizers; 221: the 2 polarizers; 225: built-in phase separation layer
Embodiment
Below, the structure to the liquid crystal indicator of the Transflective that is applicable to the isotropy liquid crystal describes successively.
[basic structure of display panels and liquid crystal indicator]
At first, the structure to the display panels of the Transflective that used the isotropy liquid crystal describes.In display panels, have 2 transparent substrates and be clipped in liquid crystal layer between these substrates, by electric field taking place being disposed between pixel electrode on the substrate and the public electrode, and electric field intensity is changed, come the optical characteristics of liquid crystal layer is controlled.Herein, the isotropy liquid crystal is an optical isotropy when not applying voltage, and along going out birefringence by the direction inductor that applies the electric field that voltage forms.For according to this character, use the isotropy liquid crystal to realize the display panels of Transflective, the pattern of wants clips liquid crystal layer for using 2 circular polarizing disks, when liquid crystal layer is applied voltage, utilize the birefringence that is induced, the phase differential that the light by liquid crystal layer is produced is roughly λ/2 and is roughly λ/4 in reflector space in regional transmission.Herein, λ is to showing contributive light wavelength.
When liquid crystal layer was applied voltage, in order to go out birefringence along the direction inductor parallel with respect to real estate, the pattern of wants was to produce potential difference (PD) along the direction parallel with respect to real estate.Particularly, can apply the interconnected structure of the electrode of 2 broach shapes of different voltages or, make to become at broach shape or planar electrode and possess the shape of rimiform peristome and be suitable for across insulation course forms planar electrode in other layers structure at electrode near the side configuration of liquid crystal layer.
As mentioned above, in order to realize the display panels of Transflective, the pattern of wants is for producing different phase differential in reflector space and regional transmission when liquid crystal layer is applied electric field.For this reason, in reflector space and regional transmission, it is effective making the thickness of liquid crystal layer or the practice that varies in size of electric field.
Thickness diverse ways as make liquid crystal layer in reflector space and regional transmission is known that the method that step is set, and promptly in the substrate of at least one side in clipping 2 substrates of liquid crystal layer, increases the thickness of the position that is equivalent to reflector space.In this case, usually, the end of step becomes the dip plane, but this dip plane become transmission show or reflection which in showing in all inapplicable zone, be inactive area, to the not contribution of brightness that shows.Therefore, especially, in the little high meticulous display panels of the size of pixel, become for the disadvantageous structure of brightness that shows.
Therefore, in order to realize brighter display panels, the fixed thickness of the liquid crystal layer of preferred reflector space and regional transmission.For this reason, be effective by making the intensity difference of electric field, make the birefringence that induces in the liquid crystal layer at reflector space and regional transmission diverse ways.As the method that varies in size that makes electric field, have at the pixel electrode that will form the broach shape and similarly form in the interconnected structure of the public electrode of broach shape, in reflector space and regional transmission, change the method at the interval of electrode.
Herein, because the accurate to dimension of manufacturing installations such as exposure device, the quantity that can be arranged on 1 electrode in the pixel is restricted.Especially, in the meticulous display panels of height, the size of pixel is little, is defined as several so can be arranged on the quantity of 1 electrode in the pixel.In this case, the scope that can realize of interelectrode distance is restricted, and the relation of the electric field level of reflector space and regional transmission is difficult to the condition of meeting the desired.
In the present invention, utilize following structure, the restriction of the accurate to dimension when not made planar structure, and can adjust the relation of the electric field level of reflector space and regional transmission.Therefore, can be implemented in display panels inactive area, that used the Transflective of isotropy liquid crystal of having no way of and causing between emitting area and the regional transmission in step.
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are described, but can carry out various changes, and following embodiment combination each other is also contained among the present invention.
(embodiment 1)
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part of sub-pixel (sub pixel) 100 that constitutes the display panels of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.In addition, Fig. 2 is the planimetric map of schematic configuration of major part of the sub-pixel 100 of display panels of the present invention.In addition, Fig. 1 is the figure that schematically illustrates along the cross-section structure of the A-A ' line of Fig. 2.In addition, Fig. 3 is the block diagram of an example that the integral layout of the display panels 1 that constitutes transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention schematically is shown.
At first, in Fig. 3, in display panels 1, in the zone of the central portion that comprises the 2nd transparency carrier 111, be provided with viewing area 2.2 the upside in the viewing area is provided with data drive circuit 3, to data line (signal wire) 7 output image signals; Be provided with scan drive circuit 4 in the left side, to grid line (sweep trace) 8 output scanning signals.These driving circuits 3,4 are made of shift-register circuit, level shifter, analog switching circuit etc., wherein, shift-register circuit, level translator, analog switching circuit etc. are made of the complementary type circuit based on the thin film transistor (TFT) (TFT:Thin Film Transistor) of N channel-type and P channel-type.The display panels of display panels 1 and active matrix drive-type in the past similarly, the a plurality of data lines that are provided with a plurality of grid lines and extend along the direction that the bearing of trend about this grid line intersects are on the position that grid line and data line intersect and dispose sub-pixel rectangularly.In addition, as Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 2, the sub-pixel of display panels 1 has regional transmission TA and reflector space RA in 1 sub-pixel.
Next, in Fig. 1, display panels 1 has the 1st transparency carrier 110 and the 2nd transparency carrier 111, the 1 transparency carriers 110 and the 2nd transparency carrier 111 and has insulativity, and is made of smooth and the transparent and optically isotropic transparent body.As the 1st transparency carrier 110 and the 2nd transparency carrier 111, be generally glass, but also can use the polymeric membrane that satisfies above-mentioned necessary condition and improved thermotolerance and permanance.
In transparency carrier 110, be laminated with color filter and (all not shown) such as diaphragm that is provided with as required or alignment films.As color filter, make color that each sub-pixel bears, 3 primary colors of additive color mixings such as redness, green, blueness for example; Perhaps 3 primary colors of subtraction color mixtures such as yellow, magenta, green grass or young crops (cyan) look; The perhaps color filter of the desired color transmission of this sub-pixel such as blue-green and yellow green.In addition, owing in reflector space, pass through color filter 2 times from the light of outside, so also can in reflector space and regional transmission, change concentration, thickness or the area coverage of the color of color filter.
In the 2nd transparency carrier 111, possesses on-off element 120.On-off element is made of thin film transistor (TFT), and this thin film transistor (TFT) comprises the semiconductor layer that polysilicon, amorphous silicon or organism constitute.Herein, as an example, the situation of the thin film transistor (TFT) that is made of polysilicon has been described, but has the invention is not restricted to this.The on-off element 120 that is made of polycrystalline SiTFT has gate insulation layer 122, gate electrode the 123, the 1st interlayer insulating film 124, electrode layer 125A, electrode layer 125B and the 2nd interlayer insulating film 126 on the polysilicon layer that comprises semiconductor layer 121 of becoming source/drain region and channel region etc.
Gate insulation layer the 122, the 1st interlayer insulating film 124 for example is made of SiOx (monox), and the 2nd interlayer insulating film 126 for example is made of SiNx (silicon nitride).As electrode layer 125A and electrode layer 125B, use metal electrode material to get final product, for example can use with tantalum (Ti) or tungsten (W) etc. and clip three films of stack structure layer by layer of aluminium lamination up and down, but be not limited thereto.Electrode layer 125A and the electrode layer 125B opening by forming in the 1st interlayer insulating film 124 and gate insulation layer 122 is connected with the drain region with the source region of semiconductor layer 121 respectively.
In addition, between on-off element 120 and the 2nd transparency carrier 111, be blended into semiconductor layer 121 or gate insulation layer 122 from transparency carrier 111, basalis 113 can be set in order to stop Na or K plasma.Basalis 113 constitutes the layer that stacks gradually the layer that is made of SiNx etc. and be made of SiOx etc. from transparency carrier 111 1 sides.
On-off element 120 is provided with insulation course 127.This insulation course 127 has waiting the step that causes to carry out the function of planarization by on-off element 120 and wiring and making reflection horizon described later or public reflection electrode layer has the function of concaveconvex shape.
For step is carried out planarization, be preferably can be under solution state cambial material.Therefore, as insulation course 127, can use the material of organic class or be dispersed in the solvent and inorganic material that can coating filmform.In addition, for insulation course 127, owing to need make its surface become the operation of concaveconvex shape, so have the advantage that can simplify working process if material itself has photonasty.In addition, pass through effectively in order to make the light from backlight in regional transmission, insulation course 127 is preferably the material transparent little to visible absorption.Therefore, be preferably organic materials such as photosensitive polyimide or acrylic resin as dielectric film 127.
On the surface of insulation course 127, be formed for making the surface that is arranged on the reflection horizon in the reflector space to become the concavo-convex of concaveconvex shape.This concaveconvex shape also can be realized, also can be used shadow tone (halftone) mask to realize as mask when exposure process utilizing photoetching technique to improve temperature and melt after having formed relief pattern.On the other hand, the surface of insulation course 127 is smooth in regional transmission.
On insulation course 127, form reflection horizon 130 in the part that is equivalent to reflector space.As reflection horizon 130, use aluminium or the high metal material of silver-colored isoreflectance to get final product.Utilize photoetching technique etc. to remove reflection horizon 130 from regional transmission.In addition, reflection horizon 130 reflections are formed at the lip-deep concavo-convex ground of the insulation course 127 of its lower floor, and the surface in this reflection horizon 130 becomes concaveconvex shape.Because reflection horizon 130 becomes concaveconvex shape, expand by the angle of reflection horizon 130 reflections so incide the light of display panels from the outside, the reflection demonstration becomes brighter when reality is used.
Under the situation of present embodiment,, can be also used as the function of public electrode by reflection horizon 130 is connected with public electrode wiring 170L.Perhaps, also can be at the upside in reflection horizon or stacked other conductive materials of downside as public electrode.Herein, below, for the situation that the reflection horizon is also used as the function of public electrode describes, below, the reflection horizon also is called public reflection electrode layer 130.
Upper strata at public reflection electrode layer 130 forms insulation course 180, and then, form pixel electrode 190 thereon.Insulation course 180 is preferably the insulating material to visible transparent, can use transparent resin material or transparent inorganic material such as SiOx or SiNx such as polyimide or acrylic compounds.
In reflector space RA, form the pixel electrode 190 of broach shape across insulation course 180 on the upper strata that forms planar public reflection electrode layer 130.On the other hand, in regional transmission TA, the interconnected public electrode 170 that forms the pixel electrode 190 of broach shape and form the broach shape equally in identical layer.
Pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 179 are preferably and use transparent conductive material to constitute, and for example are preferably ITO (Indium tin oxide, tin indium oxide), can also use other transparent conductive materials such as InZnO or ZnO.
Pixel electrode 190 is connected with the electrode layer 125A that constitutes on-off element 120 via the opening (through hole) 195 that connects insulation course 180, public reflection electrode layer 130, insulation course 127, insulation course 126.The through hole 195 usefulness conductive material identical with pixel electrode filled.Perhaps, also can be and the middle layer that the not shown material by electric conductivity constitutes is set for the electrical connection of the electrode material that guarantees to constitute electrode layer 125A and pixel electrode 190.
In addition, public reflection electrode layer 130 is provided with opening in the position suitable with through hole 195, not contacting with pixel electrode 190 in through hole 195, and separates fully with pixel electrode.
In addition, public electrode 170 is electrically connected with public electrode wiring 170L via through hole etc.That is, public electrode 170 is electrically connected with public reflection electrode layer 130 and is become identical current potential.
In addition, electrode layer 125B is connected with data line 7, and gate electrode 123 is connected with grid line 8, but as shown in Figure 2, also can be respectively with the part of data line 7 as electrode layer 125B, with the part of grid line 8 as gate electrode 123.
On insulation course 180 and pixel electrode 190, form diaphragm or the alignment films (all not shown) that covers insulation course 180 and pixel electrode 190 as required.
The 1st transparency carrier 110 and the 2nd transparency carrier 111 utilize not shown distance piece be provided with under the state in fixing gap by using the frame shape seal will around bonding, thereby form the space in inside.By filling the isotropy liquid crystal liquid crystal layer 200 is set to this space.Will be explained below the liquid crystal material that constitutes liquid crystal layer 200, but under the situation of the two-dimentional isotropy liquid crystal of banana-shaped structure, as initial orientation, has vertical orientation with respect to substrate, but because three-dimensional isotropy liquid crystal does not have initial orientation, so need not in the two sides of liquid crystal layer configuration alignment films.Needing under the situation of alignment films,, can use polyimide family macromolecule etc. as alignment films.
The thickness d of liquid crystal layer 200 is that the birefringence that is induced when liquid crystal layer applied electric field is determined.Promptly, when pixel electrode and public electrode being applied the voltage of regulation and in liquid crystal layer, have formed electric field, if establish the birefringence that goes out along the direction inductor parallel, be that the refractive index anisotropy is Δ n, then in regional transmission TA, select thickness d so that phase differential (postpones with real estate; Retardation) Δ nd is that λ/2 get final product.Herein, λ is a light wavelength, for example, for the light of wavelength 550nm, selects thickness d so that Δ nd is 275nm gets final product.
But, in the display panels of reality, in face, do not become uniform electric field distribution, the birefringence that is induced is also inhomogeneous thus, so in order to obtain brighter demonstration, the delay Δ nd of liquid crystal layer 200 is bigger slightly than λ/2, for example, for the light of wavelength 550nm, in the scope of 275nm≤Δ nd≤400nm, select to get final product.
In addition, in the present embodiment, be made as the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission TA and reflector space RA fixing.In this case, need not as the display panels of Transflective be provided for reducing the step of thickness of the liquid crystal layer of reflector space like that.Therefore, can eliminate owing to the caused inactive area of step that in pixel, produces, thus bigger to showing contributive area in pixel, so can access brighter demonstration.
Importantly, the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission TA and reflector space RA is made as fixing herein, the phase difference nd under the same drive voltage is made as half the value (λ/4) of regional transmission TA in reflector space RA.For this reason, making the refractive index anisotropy Δ n of the direction parallel with respect to real estate that induces in liquid crystal layer by same drive voltage become 1/2 of regional transmission in reflector space gets final product.In addition, driving voltage is defined as voltage poor of the voltage of public electrode 170 and public reflection electrode layer 130 and pixel electrode 190.
The isotropy liquid crystal depends on the intensity of the electric field that liquid crystal layer is applied and produces the refractive index anisotropy, and big if the intensity of electric field becomes, then the refractive index anisotropy also becomes big.The intensity of electric field and the anisotropic relation of refractive index be according to material and different, but for example in non-patent literature 5, disclose electric field intensity (E/V) square with the proportional data of refractive index anisotropy Δ n.
Therefore, by constituting under same drive voltage, the intensity of the electric field that forms in the liquid crystal layer of the intensity of the electric field that forms in the liquid crystal layer of reflector space RA less than regional transmission TA, even thereby regional transmission TA is identical with the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of reflector space RA, the phase difference n that also can make reflector space RA is 1/2 of regional transmission TA.
Above-mentioned in order to realize, in the present embodiment as shown in Figure 1, in reflector space RA, across insulation course 180 pixel electrode 190 is formed the broach shape on the upper strata of public reflection electrode layer 130; In regional transmission TA, as Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 2, the interconnected public electrode 170 that forms the pixel electrode 190 of broach shape and similarly form the broach shape in identical layer.
In this case, in regional transmission TA, can between pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 170, apply component part of electric field to liquid crystal layer with direction parallel with respect to substrate.The intensity of this electric field depends on electrode gap.On the other hand, in reflector space RA, can between pixel electrode 190 and public reflection electrode layer 130, form component part of electric field to liquid crystal layer with direction parallel with respect to substrate.The intensity of this electric field mainly depends on the thickness of insulation course 180.Promptly, when applying certain driving voltage, the intensity of the electric field that forms in the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission TA is to decide according to the electrode width relevant with the accurate to dimension on the real estate of pixel electrode and public electrode and the interval of electrode, but the intensity of the electric field that in the liquid crystal layer of reflector space RA, forms can according to real estate on the thickness of the irrelevant insulation course 180 of accurate to dimension control.
For example, under the situation of the liquid crystal that non-patent literature 5 is put down in writing, not only adjust the interval of the pixel electrode 190 of reflector space RA, but also adjust the specific inductive capacity and the thickness of insulation course 180, thereby 1/ √ 2 that makes the intensity of the electric field that forms in the liquid crystal layer become regional transmission under same drive voltage gets final product.
Especially, in the meticulous display panels of height, the size of pixel is little, so the quantity of the electrode that can be provided with in 1 pixel is restricted to several.For example, under the situation of the display panels of the VGA of 2.41 inches of picture dimensions (pixel count 640 * 480), 1 sub-pixel is of a size of 76.5 μ m * 25.5 μ m.In this case, though the quantity of the electrode that can dispose in 1 sub-pixel also depends on accurate to dimension, be several, the interelectrode distance that can realize is restricted.
Therefore, at regional transmission and reflector space, alternate configurations forms the pixel electrode of broach shape and forms in the structure of public electrode of broach shape in identical layer, and the state that makes the relation of the intensity of the electric field that forms in liquid crystal layer become expectation is extremely difficult.
On the other hand, in the present invention, as mentioned above, the intensity of the electric field that forms in the liquid crystal layer of reflector space does not rely on the accurate to dimension of electrode.Promptly, the intensity of the electric field that in the liquid crystal layer of reflector space, forms can according to real estate on the thickness of the irrelevant insulation course of accurate to dimension control, so can make the relation of the intensity of the electric field that in the liquid crystal layer of reflector space and regional transmission, forms become the state of expectation.In addition, because the thickness of insulation course can easily change, so in the present invention, can realize using the display panels of the Transflective of isotropy liquid crystal, and can significantly not increase the load of technology.
On the 1st transparency carrier 110 and the 2nd transparency carrier 111 and faces liquid crystal layer 200 opposite sides, dispose the 1st polaroid 210 and the 1st polarizer the 220, the 2nd polaroid 211 and the 2nd polarizer 221 respectively.The 1st polaroid 210 and the 2nd polaroid 211 for example can use the polaroid of the two sides that has added the film of polarization function by the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) that iodine is adsorbed onto extend having been implemented the protective seam of tricel element.
The 1st polarizer 220 and the 2nd polarizer 221 all use the polarizer as λ/4 plates (1/4 wavelength plate) function.The 1st polarizer 220 is configured to make its slow axle mutually to become the angles of 45 degree with respect to the absorption axes of the 1st polaroid 210.The 2nd polarizer 221 is configured to make its slow axle mutually to become the angles of 45 degree with respect to the absorption axes of the 2nd polaroid 211.That is, the duplexer of the 1st polaroid 210 and the 1st polarizer 220 is brought into play function as circular polarizing disk.Similarly, the duplexer of the 2nd polaroid 211 and the 2nd polarizer 221 is also as circular polarizing disk performance function.
In addition, about the absorption axes of the 1st polaroid 210 and the 2nd polaroid 211 and the slow axle mutually of the 1st polarizer 220 and the 2nd polarizer 221, if become 45 angles of spending, become 45 angles of spending with the absorption axes of the 1st polaroid 210 and the slow axle mutually of the 1st polarizer 220 respectively with the absorption axes of the 2nd polaroid 211 and the slow phase axle of the 2nd polarizer 221, even no matter be which type of relation then, can bring into play function.
But in order to realize higher contrast, the absorption axes of preferred the 1st polaroid 210 and the 2nd polaroid 211 is configured to mutually orthogonal, and the slow axle mutually of the 1st polarizer 220 and the 2nd polarizer 221 also is configured to mutually orthogonal.In this case, if be made as identically with the material of the 2nd polarizer with the 1st, then the phase differential that is produced by polarizer is offset on frontal at least, so the shading performance that can utilize by orthogonal configuration 2 polaroids of absorption axes to obtain.Therefore, the brightness when dark (deceiving) shows reduces, and can realize high contrast.
As the 1st polarizer 220 and the 2nd polarizer 221, can use transparent polymeric membranes such as cyclenes base polymer or polycarbonate.Under the situation of using cyclenes class organic macromolecule extension, the wavelength dependency of phase difference nd is less, so painted diminishing.In addition, developed the cellulose family or the polycarbonate-based organic polymer of the contrary dispersing characteristic that phase difference nd increases with wavelength, if with them as polarizer, then painted can further reducing.
In addition, the 1st polarizer 220 and the 2nd polarizer 221 also can use the duplexer of 1/2 wavelength plate and 1/4 wavelength plate to realize.In this case, 1/2 wavelength plate that constitutes the 1st polarizer 220 and the 2nd polarizer 221 is mutually orthogonal by the slow axle mutually that is configured to separately with 1/4 wavelength plate, can realize higher contrast.
The 1st polaroid 210 and the 1st polarizer 220 fix by not shown transparent cement or bonding agent.Their area is fixed to via not shown transparent cement or the whole viewing areas of adhesive coverage more than or equal to the area of viewing area.Similarly, the 2nd polaroid 211 and the 2nd polarizer 221 fix by not shown transparent cement or bonding agent.Their area is fixed to via not shown transparent cement or the whole viewing areas of adhesive coverage more than or equal to the area of viewing area.
Fig. 4 is the equivalent circuit diagram of the active matrix of formation on the viewing area 2 of the display panels as shown in Figure 31 that constitutes transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.With the display panels of existing active matrix drive-type similarly, a plurality of data lines that display panels 1 is provided with a plurality of grid lines and extends along the direction that the bearing of trend with this grid line intersects, as shown in Figure 4, m root grid line G1, G2 ..., Gm and n data lines D1, D2 ..., the crossover location place of Dn is and disposes sub-pixel 100 rectangularly.In addition, public electrode wiring 170L forms at least and get final product along extending with the grid line equidirectional, in Fig. 4, represented m root public electrode connect up CT1, CT2 ..., CTm.Public electrode wiring 170L is connected with the public electrode and the public reflecting electrode that constitute each sub-pixel, and is connected the voltage of stipulating with utilization with not shown power supply and controls.
In equivalent circuit diagram shown in Figure 4, each sub-pixel can use by pixel electrode and public reflecting electrode and be clipped in these interelectrode insulation course 180 formed electric capacity (savings electric capacity) Cst, the capacitor C lc, the on-off element 120 that are formed by liquid crystal layer show.
In the driving of sub-pixel,, in 1 image duration, the capable grid line of m is supplied with this voltage (sweep signal) successively since the 1st grid line G1 that goes feeding opening voltage successively.If on-off element 120 becomes conducting state according to sweep signal, then corresponding with picture signal voltage supplies to pixel electrode from data line 7 via on-off element 120.That is, during to certain grid line feeding opening voltage, the on-off element that is connected with this grid line all becomes conducting state, synchronously the data line of n row is supplied with data voltage with it.That is, the driving method of display panels is identical with the liquid crystal indicator of existing active matrix drive-type, so omit detailed explanation.
Fig. 5 is the summary section of structure of the major part of transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.This transflective liquid crystal display device comprises display panels 1 and is configured in the backlight 3 at its back side.Display panels 1 has the 1st transparency carrier 110 and the 2nd transparency carrier 111 as described above.
Usually, the 2nd transparency carrier 111 to the 1 transparency carriers 110 are big, on the face of the 1st transparency carrier 110 1 sides of the 2nd transparency carrier 111 and not in the zone that is covered by the 1st transparency carrier 110, has the zone that is used for receiving as the electric signal of signal of video signal such as picture signal from the outside.That is, display panels 1 on the 2nd transparency carrier 111 and not with the 1st transparency carrier 110 overlapping areas in, possess flexible printed circuit board (FPC) 50, be connected with external electric via this FPC50.In addition, also can in this zone, the semi-conductor chip (not shown) of the effect of driver be installed as required.
Backlight 3 is from the viewing area irradiates light of display panels 1 rear side to display panels 1.As backlight 3, edge light mode (light conductor mode) is arranged, directly descend mode (reflecting plate mode), flat light source mode etc.For backlight 3, can from these modes or other modes, select best mode to get final product according to the size of purposes, purpose, viewing area.Herein, the backlight of edge light mode is described, but the invention is not restricted to this.
Backlight 3 has: light conductor 60 constitutes by being formed with overleaf based on the point-like printing of Chinese white or fine concaveconvex shape or lens shape etc., the transparent resin of unit that changes the direct of travel of light; Light source 61 is configured in the end face of light conductor 60; Reflector plate 62 is configured in the rear side of light conductor 60; And blooming classes 63 such as prismatic lens or diffusion sheet, be configured in the face side of light conductor 60.
As light source 61, can use linear light source or light emitting diode point source of lights such as (LED) such as cold-cathode tube, thermionic-cathode tube.Herein, below, the situation that LED is used as light source 61 is illustrated, but the invention is not restricted to this.With LED as under the situation of light source 61, be incident in light conductor 60 efficiently in order to make light from light source, not shown reflecting body can be set or the shape of the moulding resin that forms around the illuminating part of LED is processed.
In this structure, the light that incides light conductor 60 from light source 61 outgoing is propagated by total reflection and in light conductor 60.In the light of in light conductor 60, propagating, arrive the going direction changing of light of unit of the direct of travel of the change light of implementing at the light conductor back side, and from the face side outgoing of light conductor 60.After blooming classes 63 such as utilizing prismatic lens or diffusion sheet has been adjusted the distribution and the Luminance Distribution in the face of shooting angle, shine display panels 1 from the light of light conductor 60 outgoing.
Shining the light of display panels 1 from backlight 3 outgoing, the light that incides regional transmission TA is after having been absorbed a part by the 2nd polaroid 211, by the 2nd polarizer 221, liquid crystal layer 200 and the 1st polarizer 220, incide the 1st polaroid 210 then.
At this moment, if pixel electrode is applied and the corresponding driving voltage of image information that transmits from image information generating unit (not shown), then in regional transmission TA, between pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 170, produce voltage difference, in liquid crystal layer 200, form electric field and induce birefringence.According to this effect, the polarized state of light by liquid crystal layer 200 changes, so can control the amount of the light that sees through the 1st polaroid 210.
For example, be 0V, promptly in liquid crystal layer 200, do not form under the situation of electric field with public electrode 170 no-voltage differences at driving voltage at pixel electrode 190, liquid crystal layer 200 is optically isotropic states, so kept by the polarized state of light of liquid crystal layer 200.Therefore, the major part of having passed through the light of liquid crystal layer 200 is absorbed by the 1st polaroid 210, shows so become black (secretly).
On the other hand, form the electric field of regulation if apply the driving voltage of regulation between pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 170, then induce birefringence in liquid crystal layer, the polarized state of light by liquid crystal layer 200 changes.Therefore, passed through light transmission the 1st polaroid 210 of amount light, corresponding with the variation of this polarization state of liquid crystal layer 200, so become the demonstration of the brightness of regulation.For example, by the birefringence that in liquid crystal layer 200, induces, when the phase difference nd that has applied the direction parallel with real estate is the driving voltage of λ/2, the light that has passed through liquid crystal layer 200 is by the 1st polarizer 220 time, be converted into the light many with the absorption axes orthogonal polarization components of the 1st polaroid 210, it is most of by the 1st polaroid 220, so become the demonstration of maximum brightness.
That is be to be for black (secretly) shows, if applied the driving voltage of stipulating then be the so-called common-black type of bright demonstration under zero the situation, at driving voltage.
In addition, the light of reflector space RA that incides display panels 1 from the outside is after having passed through the 1st polaroid 210, become roughly circularly polarized light by the 1st polarizer 220, and then after having passed through liquid crystal layer 200, reflected by public reflection electrode layer 130.After having passed through liquid crystal layer the 200, the 1st polarizer 221 once more, incide the 1st polaroid 210 by the light of public reflection electrode layer 130 reflections.
At this moment, with regional transmission TA similarly, apply the driving voltage corresponding and between pixel electrode 190 and public reflection electrode layer 130, produce voltage difference with the image information that transmits from image information generating unit (not shown), in liquid crystal layer 200, form electric field, thereby in liquid crystal layer, induce birefringence.By utilizing this effect to controlling, when inciding the 1st polaroid 210 once more, can control the amount of passing through by the light of public reflection electrode layer 130 reflections by the polarized state of light of liquid crystal layer 200.
For example, be 0V, i.e. no-voltage difference and in liquid crystal layer 200, not forming under the situation of electric field between pixel electrode 190 and public reflecting electrode 130 at driving voltage, liquid crystal layer 200 is optically isotropic states, is kept by its polarized state of light.Therefore, the light of reflector space RA that incides display panels 1 from the outside becomes roughly circularly polarized light by the 1st polaroid 210 and the 1st polarizer 220 time, still keeps polarization state and by liquid crystal layer 200, and by public reflection electrode layer 130 reflections.At this reflex time, the going direction changing of light, thus change the sense of rotation of circularly polarized light, and keeping polarization state once more by liquid crystal layer 200, and incide the 1st polarizer 220.Be subjected to the effect of the 1st polarizer 220 by the light of the 1st polarizer 220, and be converted into the light more than the polarized component parallel,, and become black (secretly) demonstration so most light is absorbed by the 1st polaroid 220 with the absorption axes of the 1st polaroid 210.
On the other hand, if apply the driving voltage of regulation, and form the electric field of regulation between pixel electrode 190 and public reflection electrode layer 130, then induce birefringence in liquid crystal layer, the polarized state of light by liquid crystal layer 200 changes.Therefore, the light that incides the reflector space RA of display panels 1 from the outside is reflected by public reflection electrode layer 130, and incide the 1st polaroid 210 once more, but the time by liquid crystal layer 200, produce the variation of the polarization state corresponding, transmittance the 1st polaroid 210 of the amount corresponding and become the demonstration of the brightness of regulation with the variation of this polarization state with the birefringence that in liquid crystal layer, induces.Herein, as mentioned above, the light of reflector space RA that incides display panels 1 from the outside is by liquid crystal layer 200 twice.Therefore, utilize the birefringence that in liquid crystal layer 200, induces,, then obtain the demonstration of maximum brightness if apply the voltage of regulation so that the phase difference nd that produces along the direction parallel with real estate is λ/4.
That is, with regional transmission similarly, can be implemented in driving voltage and being becomes black (secretly) and shows under zero the situation, if applied the driving voltage of regulation then become the reflection demonstration of the so-called common-black type of bright demonstration.
Like this, in liquid crystal indicator of the present invention, can realize using the liquid crystal indicator of the Transflective of isotropy liquid crystal.In addition, as mentioned above, in display panels of the present invention, the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission TA and reflector space RA is fixed, and is not provided for reducing the step of thickness of the liquid crystal layer of reflector space.In this case, can eliminate because of the caused inactive area of the step that in pixel, produces, thus big to showing contributive area, and can obtain the effect of brighter demonstration.
Herein importantly, in the present invention, under same drive voltage, intensity by making the electric field that forms in the liquid crystal layer of reflector space is less than the intensity of the electric field that forms in the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission, the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission and reflector space can be remained fixingly, and make the phase difference nd under the same drive voltage in reflector space, be 1/2 of regional transmission.
In the present embodiment, especially, the intensity of the electric field of reflector space can utilize with real estate on the thickness of the irrelevant insulation course of accurate to dimension control, even so under the little situation of Pixel Dimensions, also can make the relation of intensity of the electric field of reflector space and regional transmission become the state of expectation.That is, the thickness of insulation course can easily change, thus can significantly not increase technical load, and can realize using the display panels of the Transflective of isotropy liquid crystal.
(structure of diaphragm)
Utilize said structure, can realize using the transflective liquid crystal display device of isotropy liquid crystal.But, under the situation of having used three-dimensional isotropy liquid crystal, owing to need not alignment films, so pixel electrode and public electrode directly contact with liquid crystal layer.In this structure, liquid crystal layer is being applied under the situation of strong electric field, the impurity in the liquid crystal is the interface of electrode/liquid crystal partially, might cause the reduction of voltage retention and the flicker that causes thus etc. shows bad.
In order to address this problem, the scheme that diaphragm is set is discussed between pixel electrode and public electrode and liquid crystal layer.Below, this discussion is elaborated.
As diaphragm, for example utilize CVD to form the silicon nitride of thickness 250nm.In addition, diaphragm can also be made by other inorganicss or organism.The thickness of diaphragm need be made as the thickness that can prevent with the conducting of liquid crystal layer.As liquid crystal material, use for the compound shown in the structure 1 of non-patent literature 2 records, basic alkyl chain length is the material of n=7,9,11 these the 3 kinds constituents of forming with 1: 1.15: 1 ratio respectively at interval.As chirality (chiral) material, so that the mode that becomes the ultraviolet wavelength zone based on the selection reflection kernel wavelength of helical structure is mixed Merck chemistry (Merck Chemical) the corporate system BDH 1281 of several %.Utilize this material, can obtain the isotropy liquid crystal that near room temperature wide temperature range presents optical isotropy (courage steroid indigo plant (Cholesteric Blue) phase).In addition, liquid-crystal composition is sealing in the liquid crystal cell (cell) under vacuum and uses the sealant that is made of ultraviolet curing resin to seal and make display panels, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of this moment is 10 microns under liquid crystal inclosure state.In addition, as the liquid crystal material that use this moment, be not limited to the liquid crystal material of this use.
By above structure, in the display panels that has used three-dimensional isotropy liquid crystal, it is bad to suppress demonstrations such as conservation rate reduces, prevents to glimmer.
(isotropy keeps the structure of film)
Known three-dimensional isotropy liquid crystal has isotropic three-dimensional periodic structure when not applying voltage.For this periodic structure, have that the grating constant degree can be called a kind of such state of crystal to the wavelength of visible light degree in common crystal structure.If to the lcd segment of such structure apply highfield, then periodic structure distortion can be thought because the state the picture hysteresis has caused light leakage, contrast reduction.That is, utilize the electrode structure of display panels, when applying electric field, because liquid crystal layer is partly applied highfield, the periodic structure distortion, and when turning back to the state that does not apply electric field, liquid crystal layer is difficult to get back to optically isotropic state sometimes.In order to solve such problem, also can replace said protection film and form isotropy and keep film.
Herein, isotropy keeps the film that the film preferred disposition becomes to contact and have periodic structure on the surface below liquid crystal layer.In the zone near pixel electrode or public electrode in liquid crystal layer, the distortion especially severe of the periodic structure of isotropy liquid crystal.But as shown in this discussion, the isotropy that has periodic structure by configuration keeps film, and isotropy keeps the interaction at the interface of film and liquid crystal layer to improve the confining force of the periodic structure of isotropy liquid crystal, and it is bad to reduce orientation.
As the concrete example of isotropy maintenance film, consider the film such as the alignment films of in nematic liquid crystal, using.Perhaps, also can pass through SiO 2The inclination evaporation forms isotropy and keeps film.Particularly, for example, also can be by forming polyimide film and its (rubbing) processing that rubs being formed.In this case, on pixel electrode and public electrode, the solution of polyamide acid varnish (varnish) is printed formation,, form the polyimide film of about 100nm 220 ℃ of following roastings 30 minutes.Then, carry out friction operation, periodic structure is set, thereby realize that isotropy keeps film on the surface of polyimide film.In addition, can also not carry out friction treatment, and periodic structure is set by rayed.In addition, the isotropy with this periodic structure keeps film different with the situation of nematic liquid crystal, is not to be used to make liquid crystal layer to have the film of initial orientation.Therefore, need not interface two sides configuration film up and down, and only get final product in the 111 side settings of the 2nd substrate at liquid crystal layer.
By adopting above structure, the isotropy that the interface contacted of the 2nd substrate 111 sides of liquid crystal layer keeps film to play the effect that help keeps the periodic structure of isotropy liquid crystal, can prevent that light from leaking, contrast reduces.In addition, also can be after forming said protection film on pixel electrode and the public electrode, and then layer forms an isotropy and keeps film thereon.
Keep film as isotropy, can also use PMMA as thermoplastic resin.In this case, after having applied PMMA, be heated to 200 ℃, make PMMA softening, and molding die contact, the pressurization that will utilize the electronics line drawing technology of painting to make in addition, thereby make the distortion of PMMA film, cooling off under this state and placing till PMMA solidifies.Afterwards, the stripping film plastotype at the post (pillar) (column structure) of PMMA surface formation thick 70nm, high 200nm, is made isotropy and is kept film.
For prevent owing to interference of light cause painted, isotropy keeps the periodic structure in the film preferably to form column or rib (rib) (wall construction) shape with the cycle of (400nm is following) below the visible wavelength, as long as these parts are resins such as thermoplastic resin, thermoset resin, light-cured resin, without any qualification.In addition, keep the periodic structure on the surface of film, concavo-convex structure along a direction continuous shape, for example quadrangular prism is arranged as isotropy.Perhaps, the structure of cylinder is arranged, even but the shape of post is shapes or hemispherical such as cylinder, triangular prism, quadrangular prism or circular cone, pyrometric cone, quadrangular pyramid, as long as these structures form the periodicity order smaller or equal to visible wavelength.
(structure of electrode shape)
More than, isotropy keep film be positioned at pixel electrode and public electrode directly over situation under, it is bad that the burning that needs discussion and friction or photo-irradiation treatment to accompany is shielded (baked is paid I).Herein, as the end shape of pixel electrode and public electrode, if the angle of cone is excessive, then near the isotropy the electrode tip keeps film can't carry out uniform friction treatment, forms the bad part that does not have the additional cycle structure.And then near the zone the end of pixel electrode and public electrode, if the angulus pyramidis of its end is spent greatly, then electric field is easy to concentrate, and is easy to produce optical states bad of liquid crystal layer.In order to address this problem, to be processed into cone shape near the end with pixel electrode and public electrode and to get final product.That is, slows down, improve the homogeneity of friction, and then near the electric field that improves the end is concentrated by the angle that makes the end, obtain reduction to the isotropy lcd segment apply the effect of highfield.Be made as greater than the scope of 0 degree by cone angle, can bring into play such effect than the highland smaller or equal to 45 degree with the end.
On the other hand, keeping film to carry out under light-struck situation to isotropy, irradiates light is after the end reflections of pixel electrode and public electrode, and this reflected light shines isotropy once more and keeps film.In this case, receive catoptrical zone and be subjected to dual rayed, form the bad portion of periodic structure disorder.In order to prevent such dual-radiation, cone angle in the end of establishing pixel electrode and public electrode is θ, the height of pixel electrode and public electrode is x, it is under the situation of y that isotropy keeps the thickness of film, with the mode of the relation that satisfies y＞x/2sin2 θ (45 degree＜θ＜90 are spent) set θ, x, y gets final product.By setting like this, can avoid dual-radiation, improve the function that isotropy keeps film.
(embodiment 2)
Next, the multidomain structure to the display panels that used the isotropy liquid crystal describes.
The optical anisotropy medium of uniaxiality has the dependence of angle of delay.Therefore, even bright demonstration is a white on the normal direction of liquid crystal indicator, in an inclined direction postpone increases and exist and look the direction that is yellow or postpone to reduce and exist and look and be blue direction.Therefore, as shown in Figure 2, the direction of the pixel electrode in a pixel and the broach of public electrode is under the single situation, owing to observed direction produces a little band look.In order to improve this viewing angle characteristic, when having formed electric field in liquid crystal layer, it is effective making the direction of the birefringence that is induced become a plurality of practices.That is, if in a pixel, form the different zone of the anisotropic direction of refractive index, painted the averaging out on the view directions and being inhibited then.In order to form the different zone of the anisotropic direction of this refractive index, pixel electrode and public electrode are bent to " く " font get final product.By such structure, when having applied driving voltage, can be implemented in two different zones of direction of the electric field that forms in the liquid crystal layer.At this moment, be in two different zones of the anisotropic direction of refractive index under the situation of 90 angles of spending, painted quilt is equalization farthest, and visual characteristic is improved.
Even under the situation of isotropy liquid crystal, similarly has the position angle dependence of viewing angle characteristic with nematic liquid crystal.With reference to Fig. 6 the display panels of the Transflective with multidomain structure that used the isotropy liquid crystal is described.Fig. 6 is the figure of other embodiment of the display panels of Transflective of the present invention, shows the schematic configuration of major part of the sub-pixel 100 of display panels.In addition, to having the additional same reference numerals of part with the display panels identical functions of the Transflective of the foregoing description record, omit the explanation of its repetition.
In the present embodiment, in regional transmission TA, pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 170 are bent to " く " font.By will being made as α=45 degree and β=135 degree respectively as shown in the figure with respect to the inclination of bearing of trend (length direction) 7A of the data line of this pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 170, the angle of bend of electrode is 90 to spend.At this moment, in order to increase the area of peristome,, also spend with pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 170 bending similarly 90 of regional transmission TA preferably as shown in the figure at data line 7.With pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 170 crooked 90 degree, when having applied driving voltage, the anisotropic direction of refractive index that induces owing to the electric field that forms in the liquid crystal layer is in 90 angles of spending by like this.Therefore, owing to paintedly averaging out in 1 pixel that azimuthal difference causes, visual characteristic is improved.
In addition, if the error convergence of the angle of bend of electrode in ± 2 the degree with interior scope, then can obtain roughly the same effect.In addition, in Fig. 6, only showing the crooked structure of pixel electrode 190 on regional transmission TA, but the invention is not restricted to this, also can be the also crooked shape of pixel electrode 190 on reflector space RA.
In addition, in the present embodiment, especially, between two circular polarizing disks, possesses liquid crystal layer, so even have the also indeclinable effect of brightness under the situation of the multidomain structure of the shape bending that makes electrode.Promptly, between two polaroids that absorb linear polarization, possess under the situation of liquid crystal layer, when in liquid crystal layer, having formed electric field when applying driving voltage, at the bend place of electrode, the anisotropic direction of the refractive index that between electrode, produces or quadrature parallel with the absorption axes of polaroid.In this case, between the electrode at the bend place of electrode, in by light herein, do not produce phase differential, so to not contribution of brightness.On the other hand, possessing under the situation of liquid crystal layer between two circular polarizing disks, inciding the only circularly polarized light of liquid crystal layer.Therefore, do not rely on the anisotropic direction of refractive index, and in light, certainly lead to phase differential, so between the electrode at the bend place of electrode, brightness is had contribution by liquid crystal layer yet.
(embodiment 3)
Next, other embodiment of the present invention are described.Fig. 7 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part that the sub-pixel (sub pixel) of the display panels that constitutes transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention is shown.The display panels of present embodiment is in the foregoing description of reference Fig. 1 explanation, has changed the panel of the electrode structure of regional transmission TA.Therefore, to the additional same reference numerals of the part with display panels identical function of putting down in writing with the foregoing description, omit the explanation of its repetition.
In the present embodiment, at reflector space RA, with the foregoing description similarly, public reflection electrode layer 130 forms planar, layer is formed with the pixel electrode 190 of broach shape across insulation course 180a, b thereon.On the other hand, in regional transmission TA, also public electrode 170 is formed planarly, layer forms the pixel electrode 190 of broach shape across insulation course 180a thereon.
In the present embodiment, the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission TA and reflector space RA also is set as fixing, is not provided for reducing the step of thickness of the liquid crystal layer of reflector space.Therefore, can eliminate the inactive area that causes because of the step that in pixel, produces, obtain brighter demonstration.
Owing to the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission TA and reflector space RA is made as fixing, therefore, be 1/2 of regional transmission at reflector space at the refractive index anisotropy Δ d that in liquid crystal layer 200, produces under the identical driving voltage.For this reason, in the present embodiment, the thickness T ra that makes the pixel electrode 190 of reflector space RA and the insulation course between the public reflection electrode layer 130 is greater than the pixel electrode 190 of regional transmission TA and the thickness T ta of the insulation course between the public electrode 170.
In this case, even the electrode gap of pixel electrode 190 is identical, so long as identical insulating layer material, then the intensity of the electric field that forms in the side's that the thickness of insulation course the is big liquid crystal layer is little.The isotropy liquid crystal is the anisotropic liquid crystal of refractive index that produces the intensity that depends on the electric field that forms in liquid crystal layer, if the intensity of electric field diminishes, then the refractive index anisotropy also diminishes.The intensity of electric field and the anisotropic relation of refractive index are according to liquid crystal material and different, so need adjust the thickness of insulation course according to the character of employed liquid crystal material.
In the present embodiment, in order easily to control the thickness of insulation course, insulation course is made as double-layer structure.That is, in reflector space RA, stacked insulation course 180a and insulation course 180b on public reflection electrode layer 130, and then form pixel electrode 190 thereon.On the other hand, in regional transmission TA, on insulation course 180b, form public electrode 170, form insulation course 180b thereon after, form pixel electrode 190.Like this,, in regional transmission TA, can utilize the thickness of insulation course 180a, the THICKNESS CONTROL of the insulation course between public electrode 170 and the pixel electrode 190 be become the thickness of expectation by insulation course is made as double-layer structure.On the other hand, in reflector space RA, at the thickness of the insulation course 180a of the thickness that in regional transmission TA, becomes expectation, and satisfy the thickness of insulation course 180b, thereby the THICKNESS CONTROL of the insulation course between public reflection electrode layer 130 and the pixel electrode 190 can be become the thickness of expectation.
That is, the thickness of the insulation course of regional transmission TA is controlled by insulation course 180a, and the thickness of the insulation course of reflector space RA is controlled by insulation course 180b, thereby can distinguish the thickness of controlling insulation course independently.
Like this, by the thickness of the insulation course of reflector space RA is increased the part of the characteristic of having considered liquid crystal material with respect to the thickness of the insulation course of regional transmission TA, under same drive voltage, the intensity of the electric field that forms in the liquid crystal layer of reflector space RA is less than the intensity of the electric field that forms in the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission TA, so can make phase difference nd be 1/2 of regional transmission TA in reflector space RA.
As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, make the intensity of the electric field of reflector space not rely on the accurate to dimension of electrode.That is, can utilize with real estate on the thickness of the irrelevant insulation course of accurate to dimension come the intensity of the electric field of reflector space is controlled, so can make the relation of intensity of the electric field of reflector space and regional transmission become the state of expectation.Especially, by insulation course is made as double-layer structure, can be respectively the thickness of the insulation course of regional transmission and reflector space be controlled, so can in wide Pixel Dimensions, realize having used the display panels of the Transflective of isotropy liquid crystal.
(embodiment 4)
Next, other embodiment of the present invention are described.Fig. 8 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part that the sub-pixel (sub pixel) of the display panels that constitutes transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention is shown.The display panels of present embodiment is in the foregoing description of reference Fig. 7 explanation, has changed the panel of the electrode structure of reflector space RA.Therefore, to the additional same reference numerals of the part with display panels identical function of putting down in writing with the foregoing description, omit the explanation of its repetition.
In the present embodiment, in the foregoing description of reference Fig. 7 explanation,, form public electrode 170 independently with reflection horizon 135 in the position configuration reflection horizon 135 that is formed with public reflection electrode layer 130.At this moment, between reflection horizon 135 and public electrode 170, be provided with insulation course 180b, the public electrode 170 among the reflector space RA is not planar, but is provided with the gap.
Fig. 9 and Figure 10 are the planimetric maps that illustrates with reference to the schematic configuration of the major part of the sub-pixel 100 of the display panels of the Transflective of the present invention of Fig. 8 explanation.Public electrode 170 among the reflector space RA with as regional transmission TA, form planar differently, form across the gap.For this gap, also can as shown in Figure 9 public electrode 170 be formed the broach shape in reflector space RA, also can in reflector space RA, form as shown in figure 10 and form rimiform peristome (the public electrode crack 107S of portion) in the planar public electrode 170.Perhaps, also can be by peristome being set from forming the part that planar public electrode removes electrode with the shape arbitrarily corresponding with craft precision.
Like this, by reducing the area coverage of reflector space RA and public electrode 170, under same drive voltage, make the intensity of the intensity of the electric field that in the liquid crystal layer of reflector space RA, forms less than the electric field that in the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission TA, forms.The intensity of the electric field that forms in the liquid crystal layer and the anisotropic relation of refractive index are according to liquid crystal material and different, but character according to employed liquid crystal material, make the area coverage of the area coverage of the public electrode 170 in the reflector space, thereby can make the phase difference nd that induces in the liquid crystal layer in reflector space RA, be 1/2 of regional transmission TA less than the public electrode in the regional transmission 170.
More than, in the present embodiment, make the intensity of the electric field of reflector space not rely on the accurate to dimension of electrode.That is, can utilize with real estate on the area of the irrelevant public electrode of accurate to dimension come the intensity of the electric field of reflector space is controlled, so can make the relation of intensity of the electric field of reflector space and regional transmission become the state of expectation.Therefore, do not have step on the border of regional transmission and reflector space, thus the demonstration that can obtain to become clear, realization can be corresponding to the use of wide Pixel Dimensions the display panels of Transflective of isotropy liquid crystal.
(embodiment 5)
Next, other embodiment of the present invention are described.Figure 11 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of main portion that the sub-pixel (subpixel) of the display panels that constitutes transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention is shown.The display panels of present embodiment is in the foregoing description of reference Fig. 1 explanation, removes the 1st polarizer and the 2nd polarizer and instead is provided with the panel of built-in phase separation layer 225 in liquid crystal layer 200 1 sides of the 1st transparency carrier 110.Therefore, the part with display panels identical function of putting down in writing with the foregoing description is added same reference numerals, and omit the explanation of its repetition.
Built-in phase separation layer 225 has the phase differential of λ/4 in reflector space RA, be optically isotropic in regional transmission TA.
The formation of built-in phase separation layer 225 for example can be used the technique known of records such as TOHKEMY 2006-98623 communique or TOHKEMY 2005-338256 communique.In this case, on the 1st transparency carrier 110, formed as required after not shown color filter and the diaphragm etc., the alignment films of horizontal alignment is set, after having carried out orientation process, coating has photoreactive liquid crystal.Afterwards,, remove photoreactive liquid crystal material, have the anisotropic built-in phase separation layer 225 of refractive index thereby in reflector space RA, form from regional transmission by mask exposure, development treatment etc.At this moment, solution concentration and coating condition during the coating of the liquid crystal material by light reflex are suitably adjusted thickness, can obtain for the layer that to the phase differential that shows contributive wavelength X is λ/4.In this case, built-in phase separation layer 225 is owing to be removed from regional transmission, thus for the thickness of the liquid crystal layer that makes regional transmission and reflector space becomes fixingly, and form the planarization layer that constitutes by transparent organic material, and carry out smooth (leveling).Planarization layer is made of insulating material, and being preferably can be at cambium layer under the solution state, and the material transparent little to the absorption of visible light.For example, be preferably organic materials such as polyimide based resin or acrylic resin.
Perhaps, rayed and thermal treatment that also can be by combination selection be implemented to handle only making reflector space RA have the refractive index anisotropy of expectation, and are made regional transmission TA become optical isotropy, realize built-in phase separation layer 225.In this case, the reflector space of built-in phase separation layer 225 and the thickness of regional transmission are roughly fixing, so the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission and reflector space is for fixing.
It is mutually orthogonal that the 1st polaroid 210 and the 2nd polaroid 211 are configured to each absorption axes.In addition, be configured to the length direction with respect to the pixel electrode 190 that forms the broach shape, the absorption axes of the 1st polaroid 210 becomes the angle of 45 degree or 135 degree.
In addition, built-in phase separation layer 225 makes the direction of orientation of finding the anisotropic liquid crystal of refractive index become parallel or quadrature with respect to the length direction of the pixel electrode 190 that forms the broach shape in reflector space RA.That is, when having applied driving voltage, the anisotropic direction of the refractive index that induces in the liquid crystal layer 200 and the direction of orientation of the liquid crystal that constitutes built-in phase separation layer 225 become the direction of parallel or quadrature.
Shining the light of display panels from backlight, the light that incides regional transmission TA has been absorbed a part in the 2nd polaroid 211 after,, then, inciding the 1st polaroid 210 by liquid crystal layer 200 and built-in phase separation layer 225.At this moment, if pixel electrode is applied and the corresponding driving voltage of image information that transmits from image information generating unit (not shown), then in regional transmission TA, between pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 170, produce voltage difference, in liquid crystal layer 200, form electric field and induce birefringence.According to this effect, the polarized state of light by liquid crystal layer 200 changes, so can control the amount of the light that sees through the 1st polaroid 210.
For example, be 0V at driving voltage, promptly in pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 170 no-voltage differences and in liquid crystal layer 200, do not form under the situation of electric field, liquid crystal layer 200 is optically isotropic states, built-in phase separation layer 225 also is optically isotropic in regional transmission TA, so the polarized state of light that is passed through is kept.Therefore, absorb the major part of the light that has passed through liquid crystal layer 200, show so become black (secretly) by the 1st polaroid 210.
On the other hand, form electric field if apply the driving voltage of regulation between pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 170, then induce birefringence in liquid crystal layer 200, the polarized state of light by liquid crystal layer 200 changes.Therefore, passed through in the light of liquid crystal layer 200, light transmission the 1st polaroid 210 of the amount corresponding with the variation of this polarization state is so become the demonstration of the brightness of regulation.For example, by the birefringence that in liquid crystal layer 200, induces, when the phase difference nd that has applied the direction parallel with real estate is the driving voltage of λ/2, the light that has passed through liquid crystal layer 200 is converted into the light many with the absorption axes orthogonal polarization components of the 1st polaroid 210, and it is most of by the 1st polaroid 220, so become the brightest demonstration.
That is, becoming becomes black (secretly) and shows under driving voltage is zero situation, and if applied the driving voltage of stipulating, then become the so-called common-black type of bright demonstration.
On the other hand, the light that incides the reflector space RA of display panels from the outside becomes roughly circularly polarized light having passed through the 1st polaroid 210 and built-in phase separation layer 225, and then after having passed through liquid crystal layer 200, by public reflection electrode layer 130 reflections.After having passed through liquid crystal layer 200 and built-in phase separation layer 225 once more, incide the 1st polaroid 210 by the light of public reflection electrode layer 130 reflections.At this moment, with regional transmission TA similarly, apply the driving voltage corresponding and between pixel electrode 190 and public reflection electrode layer 130, produce voltage difference with the image information that transmits from image information generating unit (not shown), in liquid crystal layer 200, form electric field, thereby in liquid crystal layer 200, induce birefringence.According to this effect, the polarized state of light by liquid crystal layer 200 changes, so can be to being controlled by the amount of light transmission the 1st polaroid 210 of public electrode reflection horizon 130 reflections.
For example, be 0V, i.e. no-voltage difference and in liquid crystal layer 200, not forming under the situation of electric field between pixel electrode 190 and public reflecting electrode 130 at driving voltage, liquid crystal layer 200 is optically isotropic states, the polarized state of light that is passed through is kept.Therefore, the light that incides the reflector space RA of display panels from the outside is becoming roughly circularly polarized light by the 1st polaroid 210 and built-in phase separation layer 225, passes through liquid crystal layer 200 in the mode of keeping polarization state, by public reflection electrode layer 130 reflections.At this reflex time, the going direction changing of light, thus the sense of rotation of circularly polarized light changes, and after passing through liquid crystal layer 200 in the mode of keeping polarization state once more, incide built-in phase separation layer 225.Be subjected to the effect of this phase separation layer 225 by the light of built-in phase separation layer 225, and be converted into the light more than the polarized component parallel,, and become black (secretly) demonstration so most light is absorbed by the 1st polaroid 220 with the absorption axes of the 1st polaroid 210.
On the other hand, if apply the driving voltage of regulation, and form the electric field of regulation between pixel electrode 190 and public reflection electrode layer 130, then induce birefringence in liquid crystal layer 200, the polarized state of light by liquid crystal layer 200 changes.Therefore, incide the reflector space RA of display panels from the outside and by the light of public reflection electrode layer 130 reflections by liquid crystal layer 200 time, produce the variation of the polarization state corresponding, transmittance the 1st polaroid 210 of the amount corresponding and become the demonstration of the brightness of regulation with the variation of this polarization state with the birefringence that in liquid crystal layer 200, induces.
Herein, consider to apply regulation driving voltage so that the phase difference nd that produces along the direction parallel with real estate according to the birefringence that in liquid crystal layer 200, induces become λ/4 such situation.In this case, when the condition of the direction of orientation of the liquid crystal that constitutes built-in phase separation layer 225 and the anisotropic direction quadrature of refractive index that in liquid crystal layer 200, induces the time, phase differential λ/4 that produce by built-in phase separation layer 225 and by offsetting and phase differential is roughly zero phase differential λ/4 that liquid crystal layer 200 produces.Therefore, absorbed a part by the 1st polaroid 210 and by after public reflection electrode layer 130 reflections from the light of outside incident, incide the 1st polaroid once more in the mode of keeping this polarization state,, and become the brightest demonstration so its most light passes through the 1st polaroid 210.
On the other hand, when the direction of orientation of the liquid crystal that constitutes built-in phase separation layer 225 is parallel with the anisotropic direction of the refractive index that induces, become λ/2 by phase differential λ/4 of built-in phase separation layer 225 generations and phase differential λ/4 additions that produce by liquid crystal layer 200 in liquid crystal layer 200.Therefore, absorbed a part by the 1st polaroid 210 and by after public reflection electrode layer 130 reflections from the light of outside incident, incide the 1st polaroid once more, but this moment, twice phase differential during by built-in phase separation layer 225 and liquid crystal layer 200 becomes λ, be converted into the light many with the configuration component of the absorption axes quadrature of the 1st polaroid, most light becomes the brightest demonstration by the 1st polaroid 220.
That is, becoming becomes black (secretly) and shows under driving voltage is zero situation, and if applied the driving voltage of stipulating, then become the so-called common-black type of bright demonstration.
Like this, be on or the direction of quadrature parallel no matter constitute the direction of orientation of the liquid crystal of built-in phase separation layer 225 with the anisotropic direction of the refractive index that in liquid crystal layer 200, induces, can carry out bright demonstration.But, band look when reducing white show, preferably the phase differential that is produced by built-in phase separation layer 225 and liquid crystal layer 200 is little, so preferably constitute the direction of orientation and the anisotropic direction quadrature of refractive index that induces of the liquid crystal of built-in phase separation layer 225 in liquid crystal layer 200.
As mentioned above, in display panels of the present invention, the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission TA and reflector space RA is made as fixing and step is not set, and results from the inactive area of step so can eliminate in pixel.Therefore, wideer to showing contributive area, so have the effect that obtains brighter demonstration.
In addition, in the present embodiment, can utilize with real estate on the thickness of the irrelevant insulation course of accurate to dimension come the intensity of the electric field of reflector space is controlled, even so under the little situation of Pixel Dimensions, also can make the relation of intensity of the electric field of reflector space and regional transmission become the state of expectation.That is, the thickness of insulation course can be easily changed, so in the present invention, technical load can be do not increased, and the display panels of Transflective of isotropy liquid crystal of can having realized the use corresponding with wide Pixel Dimensions.
In the present embodiment, especially, built-in phase separation layer 225 is set, has following advantage by inboard at transparency carrier.That is, because built-in phase separation layer 225 is made of liquid crystal polymer, so if the polarizer made from organic high molecular layer is extended compares, n is big significantly for refractive index anisotropy Δ.Therefore, under the situation that realizes the same phase difference, the thickness of built-in phase separation layer 225 becomes below 1/10 of polarizer that is made of polymeric membrane.In addition, among the embodiment in front, need two polarizers, but as present embodiment, only be provided with under the situation with optically anisotropic built-in phase separation layer 225 at reflector space, phase separation layer is that one deck gets final product.Therefore, compare, have the effect that can make the display panels attenuation with the situation of utilizing polarizer.
(embodiment 6)
Next, other embodiment of the present invention are described.Figure 12 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of main portion that the sub-pixel (subpixel) of the display panels that constitutes transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention is shown.In addition, Figure 13 is the planimetric map of schematic configuration of major part that the sub-pixel 100 of display panels of the present invention is shown.In addition, Figure 12 is the figure that schematically illustrates along the cross-section structure of the B-B ' line of Figure 13.
Present embodiment is in the foregoing description of reference Fig. 8 explanation, remove the panel of the structure of the 1st polarizer and the 2nd polarizer and then change reflector space RA, part with display panels identical function of putting down in writing with the foregoing description is added same reference numerals, and omit the explanation of its repetition.
In the present embodiment, in reflector space RA, public electrode 170 is formed planar, and then between public electrode 170 and insulation course 180b, be provided with polarization layer 150 and protective seam 160.In addition, the width of pixel electrode 190 with at interval in reflector space RA and regional transmission TA, be made as identical size.Therefore, the structure from public electrode 170 is substantially the same among reflector space RA and regional transmission TA, so when having applied driving voltage, the refractive index anisotropy that induces in liquid crystal layer 200 becomes identical value in reflector space RA and regional transmission TA.
135 the upper strata in the reflection horizon forms polarization layer 150 across insulation course 180b.At this moment, in reflection horizon 135, its surperficial shape has concavo-convex, so in order to be easy to form polarization layer 150, insulation course 180b preferably has the function of the surface configuration in reflection horizon 135 being carried out planarization.Therefore, as insulation course 180b, be preferably and for example can use organic materials such as polyimide based resin or acrylic resin in cambium layer under the solution state and the material transparent little the absorption of visible light.
Polarization layer 150 absorbs along the linearly polarized light that axially has vibration plane of regulation and transmission has the linearly polarized light of vibration plane along the direction with this quadrature.Polarization layer 150 can be by for example using as " the Y.Ukai et al.; " Current Status andFuture Prospect of In-Cell Polarizer Technology "; SID 04 DIGEST; p1170-1173; 2004 " of non-patent literature 6 with as " the Ir Gvon Khan et al.; " Ultra-Thin O-Polarizers ' Superiority over E-Polarizers for LCDs " of patent documentation 7, SID 04 DIGEST, p1316-1319,2004 " record moltenly cause type (lyotropic) liquid crystalline dyes, and it applied form.
For example, state in the use under the situation of material of non-patent literature 6 record, when coating polarization layer 150, for example use crack coating machine (slit die coater) to get final product.The crack coating machine can be supplied with the polarization layer material of solution state to applicator surface, and exerting pressure to this material on one side simultaneously prolongs along the coating direction on one side.By this operation, dyestuff orientation and immobilization, thus can form polarization layer.In this case, the absorption axes of polarization layer becomes and the direction that applies the direction quadrature.In addition, as polarization layer, also can use the material that presents polarizability by the illuminated line polarized light.
In addition, under reason described later, preferably do not form polarization layer 150 at regional transmission.Therefore, in the present embodiment, the situation that does not form polarization layer 150 at regional transmission is described.On the upper strata of polarization layer 150, also protective seam 160 can be set as required.In the operation after polarization layer forms, suppress polarization layer 150 deteriorations or ooze out impurity and cause the deterioration of other structures, and protective seam 160 is set from polarization layer 150.As protective seam 160, be that the material for visible transparent gets final product, can use transparent resin material or transparent inorganic material such as SiOx or SiNx such as polyimide or acrylic compounds.Especially, as protective seam, from obtaining high performance, then be preferably to form the SiNx of fine and close layer.
In Figure 13, put down in writing the example of relation of bearing of trend (length direction) 7A of absorption axes 150A, data line of linear polarization of absorption axes 211A, polarization layer 150 of linear polarization of absorption axes 210A, the 2nd polaroid 211 of the linear polarization of the 1st polaroid 120 in the lump.
In the present embodiment, the absorption axes 210A of the 1st polaroid and the absorption axes 211A of the 2nd polaroid are configured to mutually orthogonal, and the absorption axes 210A of the 1st polaroid is with respect to the bearing of trend 7A quadrature of data line.In addition, the absorption axes 150A of polarization layer 150 is made as the direction parallel with the absorption axes 211A of the 2nd polaroid.
In addition, pixel electrode 190 bends to " く " font.By this bending, pixel electrode 190 is respectively γ=45 degree and δ=135 degree with bearing of trend (length direction) the 7A angulation of data line, and the angle of bend of pixel electrode becomes 90 degree.At this moment, in order to reduce inactive area as shown in the figure and to increase the area of peristome, at data line 7 also with pixel electrode 190 similarly, it is crooked preferably to carry out 90 degree.By so pixel electrode 190 being carried out 90 degree bendings, can be formed on the anisotropic direction of refractive index that has been induced when having formed electric field in the liquid crystal layer is in the angles of 90 degree in a pixel two zones.Therefore, owing to paintedly averaging out in a pixel that the difference of direction of observation causes, and viewing angle characteristic improves.That is, can realize the display panels that field angle is wideer.In addition, if the error convergence of the angle of bend of electrode in ± 2 the degree with interior scope, then can obtain roughly same effect.
In addition, by crooked pixel electrode, also obtain following effect.In the present embodiment, crooked as described above by making pixel electrode 190, the absorption axes 150A of polarization layer 150 can be made as the direction parallel with the bearing of trend 7A of data line 7.Therefore, as polarization layer 150, for example use under the situation with the same material of the material of non-patent literature 6 records, the direction that its coating direction is made as with the bearing of trend quadrature of data line gets final product.
Herein, usually, the profile that constitutes the 2nd transparency carrier 111 of display panels adopts the rectangular shape that has with data line 7 limit parallel with the bearing of trend of grid line 8.Therefore, for example, under the situation of the absorption axes that must make polarization layer 150 with respect to the bearing of trend inclination of data line, when the material that for example uses non-patent literature 6 record as polarization layer or with this material similarly when the direction with respect to coating direction quadrature has formed the material of absorption axes, need make of the limit inclination of this coating direction with respect to the 2nd transparency carrier 111.In this case, can't use general crack coating machine to come part coating material, so on substrate, produce the inactive area that can't apply polarization layer to the angle of transparency carrier.
Relative therewith, in the present embodiment, the absorption axes 150A of polarization layer is parallel with the bearing of trend 7A of data line 7.Therefore, as polarization layer 150, similarly formed along the direction with respect to coating direction quadrature under the situation of material of absorption axes at the material that for example uses non-patent literature 6 record or with this material, this coating direction becomes the direction parallel with respect to the limit of the 2nd transparency carrier 111.In this case, the inactive area that can't apply the polarization layer material on substrate diminishes, so have the advantage that productivity improves.
In addition, usually, the 2nd transparency carrier 111 that constitutes display panels is to obtain through cutting into a plurality of after the various operations under with the state of a big mother substrate.Mother substrate also is a rectangular shape, so if the coating direction of polarization layer material is and the parallel direction in the 2nd transparent basic 111 limit as present embodiment, then on mother substrate, the inactive area that can't apply the polarization layer material also diminishes, and can obtain the 2nd transparency carrier effectively.That is, the number of the 2nd transparency carrier that can obtain from a mother substrate becomes many, and productivity improves and cost reduces.
Shining the light of display panels from backlight, the light that incides regional transmission TA incides the 1st polaroid 210 by liquid crystal layer 200 after having passed through the 2nd polaroid 211.At this moment, if apply and the corresponding driving voltage of image information that transmits from image information generating unit (not shown), between pixel electrode and public electrode, produce potential difference (PD), and in liquid crystal layer, form electric field, then in liquid crystal layer, induce birefringence (refractive index anisotropy).Utilize this effect, to controlling, can adjust the amount of the light that sees through the 1st polaroid 210 by the polarized state of light of liquid crystal layer 200.
For example, be 0V, i.e. no-voltage difference and not forming under the situation of electric field between pixel electrode and public reflecting electrode at driving voltage, liquid crystal layer 200 is optical isotropies, so kept by the polarized state of light of liquid crystal layer 200.Therefore, the light by liquid crystal layer 200 is absorbed by the 1st polaroid 210, and becomes black (secretly) demonstration.
On the other hand, if apply the driving voltage of regulation, and between pixel electrode and public reflection electrode layer, form the electric field of regulation, and then in liquid crystal layer 200, generating the refractive index anisotropy corresponding with the intensity of electric field, the polarized state of light by liquid crystal layer 200 changes.If the phase differential of the light by liquid crystal layer 200 is because this refractive index anisotropy and in fact become λ/2, then most light is by the 1st polaroid 210, and becomes the brightest demonstration.That is, becoming becomes black (secretly) and shows under driving voltage is zero situation, and if applied the driving voltage of stipulating, then become the so-called common-black type of bright demonstration.
In addition, the light of reflector space RA that incides display panels from the outside incides polarization layer 150 by liquid crystal layer 200 after having passed through the 1st polaroid 210.At this moment, with regional transmission TA similarly, by applying and the corresponding driving voltage of image information that transmits from image information generating unit (not shown), between pixel electrode and public electrode, produce potential difference (PD) and in liquid crystal layer, form electric field, thereby in liquid crystal layer 200, induce birefringence (refractive index anisotropy).Utilize this effect, to controlling, can control the amount of the light that sees through polarization layer 150 by the polarized state of light of liquid crystal layer 200.
For example, be 0V at driving voltage, promptly in pixel electrode and public electrode no-voltage difference and do not form under the situation of electric field, liquid crystal layer 200 is optical isotropies, so kept by the polarized state of light of liquid crystal layer 200.Therefore, the major part of the light by liquid crystal layer 200 is polarized layer 150 and absorbs.At this moment, a little the light by polarization layer 150 is by reflection horizon 135 reflection, once more by polarization layer 150 and liquid crystal layer 200 and incide the 1st polaroid 210.At this moment, the major part of this light is absorbed by the 1st polaroid 120, shows so become black (secretly).
On the other hand, if apply the driving voltage of regulation, and between pixel electrode and common electrode layer, form the electric field of regulation, and then in liquid crystal layer 200, generating the refractive index anisotropy corresponding with electric field intensity, the polarized state of light by liquid crystal layer 200 changes.Therefore, the light transmission polarization layer 150 of amount light, corresponding with the variation of this polarization state by liquid crystal layer 200 incides reflection horizon 135.The light that incides reflection horizon 135 is by reflection horizon 135 reflections, and incides polarization layer 150 once more, but by reflection horizon 135 reflex times, its polarization state is roughly kept.Therefore, the light that incides polarization layer 150 once more most ofly sees through polarization layer 150 and after having passed through liquid crystal layer 200, incides the 1st polaroid 210 at it.At this moment, the polarized state of light by liquid crystal layer 200 changes according to the refractive index anisotropy that induces in liquid crystal layer.Therefore, light transmission the 1st polaroid 210 of amount light, corresponding with the variation of this polarization state by liquid crystal layer 200 becomes the brightness of regulation.At this moment,, make the phase differential of the light by liquid crystal layer in fact become λ/2, then become the brightest demonstration if utilize the refractive index anisotropy in liquid crystal layer 200, induce.That is, becoming becomes black (secretly) and shows under driving voltage is zero situation, and if applied the driving voltage of stipulating, then become the so-called common-black type of bright demonstration.
Herein, in the present embodiment, as mentioned above, substantially the same among reflector space RA and regional transmission TA from public electrode 170 beginnings structure up, so when having applied driving voltage, the refractive index anisotropy that induces in liquid crystal layer 200 is identical value in reflector space RA and regional transmission TA, but by via polarization layer 150, can realize that reflector space RA and regional transmission TA are the display panels of the Transflective of common-black type.
In addition, in the present embodiment, especially, between pixel electrode and public electrode and reflection horizon, dispose polarization layer.Under the situation of this structure, compare with the situation of using polarization layer to cover pixel electrode and public electrode, can obtain lower driving voltage and the reflectivity of Geng Gao.That is, can avoid owing to the harmful effect at driving voltage and reflectivity that polarization layer causes is set in display panels.Therefore, can obtain that reflectivity improves and the contrast that accompanies with it than improve, because the power consumption that the reduction of driving voltage reaches reduces or because the effect of the cost cutting that withstand voltage universal driver reaches is hanged down in use.
In addition, in regional transmission TA, do not have polarization layer,, can obtain higher transmissivity so compare with the situation that has polarization layer.That is,, obtained the effect that transmissivity improves with respect to the situation that in regional transmission TA, has polarization layer.And then, have for the image of same brightness and show, the amount that the power of backlight can improve by transmissivity and the effect of corresponding reduction.
In addition, for the material that in polarization layer, uses, exist owing to possess polarization layer liquid crystal layer is caused dysgenic worry.In the display panels of Transflective of the present invention, in regional transmission TA, do not form polarization layer.Therefore, though exist polarization layer to make the possibility of liquid crystal layer deterioration, also can reduce its use amount.In addition, between liquid crystal layer and polarization layer, be laminated with protective seam 160, public electrode 170, insulation course 180a.And become the structure that is easy to protect liquid crystal layer 200.For example, if form the film of the densification that comprises SiNx etc. as protective seam 160 or insulation course 180a, the effect that then suppresses the liquid crystal layer deterioration that caused by polarization layer improves.
As mentioned above, in the display panels of present embodiment, the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission TA and reflector space RA also is made as fixing and step is not set, so can eliminate the inactive area that causes owing to step in pixel.Therefore, wideer to showing contributive area, so have the effect that obtains brighter demonstration.
In addition, in the present embodiment, especially,, also can realize using the display panels of the Transflective of isotropy liquid crystal even do not change the intensity of the electric field of regional transmission and reflector space.In addition,, compare, can make the effect of display panels attenuation so have with the situation of utilizing polarizer owing to need not polarizer.
(embodiment 7)
Next, other embodiment of the present invention are described.Figure 14 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part that the sub-pixel (subpixel) of the display panels that constitutes transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention is shown.Present embodiment is except also being provided with the part of polarization layer 150 in regional transmission TA, identical with the display panels of reference Figure 12 explanation, the part with function same as the previously described embodiments is added same reference numerals, and omit the explanation of its repetition.
That is, in the present embodiment, in regional transmission TA, between pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 170 and the 2nd transparency carrier 111, be provided with polarization layer 150.Polarization layer 150 can use and the polarization layer identical materials that forms in reflector space, and its absorption axes and reflector space are similarly, and be consistent with the absorption axes of the 2nd polaroid 211.
In the present embodiment, though in regional transmission TA, be provided with polarization layer 150, between pixel electrode and public electrode and liquid crystal layer, polarization layer is not set.Therefore, can avoid the harmful effect that causes because of polarization layer to liquid crystal drive.Therefore, for example, with respect to the situation of the polarization layer that exist to cover pixel electrode and public electrode, promptly between liquid crystal layer and pixel electrode and public electrode, dispose the situation of polarization layer, can under lower driving voltage, obtain higher transmissivity.
In addition, in the present embodiment, because polarization layer 150 is set in regional transmission TA, transmissivity reduces a little.But, owing to the reduction ratio of the transmissivity of the reduction ratio that the transmissivity that black (secretly) that polarization layer causes show is set in showing greater than white (bright), so have the effect of raising transmission contrast of display degree.For example, be about in 2 color ratios that form thickness 300nm under the situation of 25 polarization layer, compare with the situation that does not have polarization layer, contrast is brought up to about 1.9 times.
(embodiment 8)
Next, other embodiment of the present invention are described.Figure 15 is the sectional view of schematic configuration of major part that the sub-pixel (subpixel) of the display panels that constitutes transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention is shown.In addition, the part with display panels identical function of putting down in writing with the foregoing description is added same reference numerals, and omit the explanation of its repetition.
In the present embodiment, in regional transmission and reflector space, in identical layer, form public electrode 170 and pixel electrode 190 as shown in the figure.In addition, public electrode and pixel electrode are the broach shape all, and are configured to mode alternately.At this moment, the public electrode in regional transmission and the reflector space and the width of pixel electrode, be made as identically at interval, the thickness of liquid crystal layer 200 also is made as identical.
In the present embodiment, also with the foregoing description similarly, in reflector space RA, between pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 170 and reflection horizon 135, configuration polarization layer 150, thereby, obtain lower driving voltage and the reflectivity of Geng Gao with respect to using polarization layer to cover the situation of pixel electrode and public electrode.Therefore, can obtain that reflectivity improves and the contrast that accompanies with it than improve, because the power consumption that the reduction of driving voltage reaches reduces or owing to use the effect of hanging down the cost reduction that withstand voltage driver reaches.
In addition, in regional transmission TA, there is not polarization layer, so with the situation of the polarization layer that exist to cover pixel electrode and public electrode, promptly exist the situation of polarization layer to compare, can obtain the transmissivity of lower driving voltage and Geng Gao between liquid crystal layer and pixel electrode and the public electrode.Therefore, can obtain that transmissivity improves and the contrast that accompanies with it than the effect that improves, in addition, have under the situation that the image in identical lightness shows the amount that the power of backlight can improve by transmissivity and the effect that reduce.In addition, can obtain that power consumption that the reduction owing to driving voltage reaches reduces and owing to use the effect of the cost reduction that low withstand voltage driver reaches.
In addition, with the foregoing description similarly, in the display panels of present embodiment, the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer of regional transmission TA and reflector space RA is made as fixing and step is not set, and results from the inactive area of step so can eliminate in pixel.Therefore, wideer to showing contributive area, so have the effect that obtains brighter demonstration.In addition, even do not change the intensity of the electric field of regional transmission and reflector space, also can realize using the display panels of the Transflective of isotropy liquid crystal.In addition,, compare, can make the such effect of display panels attenuation so have with the situation of utilizing polarizer owing to need not polarizer.
(structure of liquid crystal material)
Next, to describing with the high isotropy liquid crystal material of the adaptability of display panels.In the isotropy liquid crystal material, as when not applying voltage, becoming the isotropic material of three-dimensional optical, the blue phase of known stabilizing polymer type.As polymer-stabilized blue phase, known use general formula 1 to the photopolymerization shown in the liquid crystal liquid crystal property monomer shown in the non-liquid crystal liquid crystal property monomer shown in the general formula 3, the general formula 4 and the crosslinking chemical shown in the general formula 5, the general formula 6 begins agent, and to their irradiation ultraviolet radiations (UV), and carry out photo-crosslinking, and the material of the isotropy liquid crystal that finally obtains.
[general formula 1]
Figure S200810129451XD00411
[general formula 2]
[general formula 3]
Figure S200810129451XD00413
[general formula 4]
Figure S200810129451XD00414
[general formula 5]
[general formula 6]
Figure S200810129451XD00416
But this liquid crystal material needs irradiation ultraviolet radiation in order to carry out photo-crosslinking.For example, if between the 1st transparency carrier 1 and the 2nd transparency carrier, formed liquid crystal layer irradiation ultraviolet radiation afterwards, because the ultraviolet transmission of the color filter that forms on transparency carrier etc. is little, so produce the problem that ultraviolet ray can't arrive liquid crystal layer fully.
In order to address this problem following such material that constitutes the isotropy liquid crystal.Particularly, adopt and use the heat cross-linking material of general formula 7, and obtain the structure of general formula 12 to the material of the isotropy liquid crystal shown in the general formula 16 by heat cross-linking to liquid crystal liquid crystal property monomer shown in the non-liquid crystal liquid crystal property monomer shown in the general formula 9, the general formula 10 and the epoxies shown in the general formula 11.
[general formula 7]
Figure S200810129451XD00421
[general formula 8]
Figure S200810129451XD00422
[general formula 9]
[general formula 10]
Figure S200810129451XD00424
[general formula 11]
Figure S200810129451XD00431
[general formula 12]
Figure S200810129451XD00432
[general formula 13]
Figure S200810129451XD00433
[general formula 14]
Figure S200810129451XD00434
[general formula 15]
Figure S200810129451XD00435
[general formula 16]
Figure S200810129451XD00441
At first, above-mentioned general formula 7 to the compound shown in general formula 9, the general formula 10 and enclose liquid crystal cell (cell), next, is enclosed the heat cross-linking material shown in the general formula 11.Afterwards, carried out heat cross-linking in 2 hours, can obtain general formula 12 to general formula 16 by heating under about 50 degree.By adopting this structure, need not to carry out rayed and can generate the isotropy liquid crystal material.In addition, under the situation of the liquid crystal material that as this discussion, has used heat cross-linking, by using polyimide resin to form film for the substrate that clips liquid crystal material, the heat cross-linking molecule is anchored on the substrate securely, can make the display panels of the burning screen that has reduced image.

Claims (6)

1. liquid crystal indicator is characterized in that having:
Display panels has the 1st substrate, the 2nd substrate, is clipped in the liquid crystal layer between above-mentioned the 1st substrate and above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, pixel electrode and the public electrode that on above-mentioned the 2nd substrate liquid crystal layer is driven;
Backlight is configured on a side the face of above-mentioned display panels;
For above-mentioned the 1st substrate, the 1st circular polarizing disk that on a side's of the opposite side of a side that disposes the 2nd substrate face, disposes; And
For above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, the 2nd circular polarizing disk that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 1st substrate face, disposes,
Above-mentioned liquid crystal layer has by applying voltage and from optically isotropic state optically anisotropic character takes place,
Above-mentioned display panels has reflector space and regional transmission in 1 pixel,
In above-mentioned reflector space, be formed the opening that possesses slit-shaped on broach shape or the planar electrode a side of pixel electrodes and above-mentioned public electrode, and that the opposing party is formed in different layers across insulation course is planar,
In above-mentioned regional transmission, pixel electrodes and above-mentioned public electrode are formed the broach shape in identical layer, and pixel electrodes and above-mentioned public electrode are disposed alternately; For the electric field that is formed on by the voltage difference between pixel electrodes and the above-mentioned public electrode in the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer, the electric field of above-mentioned reflector space is less than the electric field of above-mentioned regional transmission.
2. liquid crystal indicator is characterized in that having:
Display panels has the 1st substrate, the 2nd substrate, is clipped in the liquid crystal layer between above-mentioned the 1st substrate and above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, pixel electrode and the public electrode that on above-mentioned the 2nd substrate liquid crystal layer is driven;
Backlight is configured on a side the face of above-mentioned display panels; And
For above-mentioned the 1st substrate, the 1st circular polarizing disk that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 2nd substrate face, disposes; And
For above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, the 2nd circular polarizing disk that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 1st substrate face, disposes,
Above-mentioned liquid crystal layer has by applying voltage and from optically isotropic state optically anisotropic character takes place,
Above-mentioned display panels has reflector space and regional transmission in 1 pixel,
In pixel electrodes and above-mentioned public electrode, be formed the peristome that possesses slit-shaped on broach shape or the planar electrode a side who forms near a side of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer, and the opposing party is across insulation course formation in different layers,
For the electric field that is formed on by the voltage difference between pixel electrodes and the above-mentioned public electrode in the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer, the electric field of above-mentioned reflector space is less than the electric field of above-mentioned regional transmission.
3. liquid crystal indicator according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
With compare at above-mentioned regional transmission place, above-mentioned insulation course is bigger at the thickness at above-mentioned reflector space place.
4. liquid crystal indicator according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
In above-mentioned regional transmission, in pixel electrodes or the above-mentioned public electrode, form at the electrode that forms away from a side of liquid crystal layer planar,
In above-mentioned reflector space, the electrode that forms away from a side of liquid crystal layer in pixel electrodes or public electrode forms on the planar electrode possesses peristome.
5. liquid crystal indicator is characterized in that having:
Display panels has the 1st substrate, the 2nd substrate, is clipped in the liquid crystal layer between above-mentioned the 1st substrate and above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, pixel electrode and the public electrode that on above-mentioned the 2nd substrate liquid crystal layer is driven;
Backlight is configured on a side the face of above-mentioned display panels;
For above-mentioned the 1st substrate, the 1st polaroid that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 2nd substrate face, disposes; And
For above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, the 2nd polaroid that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 1st substrate face, disposes,
Above-mentioned liquid crystal layer has by applying voltage and from optically isotropic state optically anisotropic character takes place,
Above-mentioned display panels has reflector space and regional transmission on 1 pixel,
In above-mentioned reflector space, be formed the opening that possesses slit-shaped on broach shape or the planar electrode a side of pixel electrodes and above-mentioned public electrode, the opposing party is formed planar in different layers across insulation course,
For the electric field that is formed on by the voltage difference between pixel electrodes and the above-mentioned public electrode in the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer, the electric field of above-mentioned reflector space is less than above-mentioned regional transmission,
In above-mentioned reflector space, between above-mentioned liquid crystal layer and above-mentioned the 1st substrate or above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, possesses built-in phase separation layer.
6. liquid crystal indicator is characterized in that having:
Display panels has the 1st substrate, the 2nd substrate, is clipped in the liquid crystal layer between above-mentioned the 1st substrate and above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, pixel electrode and the public electrode that on above-mentioned the 2nd substrate liquid crystal layer is driven;
Backlight is configured on a side the face of above-mentioned display panels;
For above-mentioned the 1st substrate, the 1st polaroid that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 2nd substrate face, disposes; And
For above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, the 2nd polaroid that on a side's of the opposition side of a side that disposes the 1st substrate face, disposes,
Above-mentioned liquid crystal layer has by applying voltage and from optically isotropic state optically anisotropic character takes place,
Above-mentioned display panels has reflector space and regional transmission on 1 pixel,
In above-mentioned reflector space, between pixel electrodes and public electrode and above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, possess the reflection horizon, in above-mentioned reflector space, between above-mentioned reflection horizon and above-mentioned liquid crystal layer, have polarization layer at least,
The absorption axes quadrature of the absorption axes of above-mentioned the 1st polaroid and above-mentioned the 2nd polaroid, the absorption axes of above-mentioned polarization layer is parallel with the absorption axes of above-mentioned the 2nd polaroid.
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JP4799505B2 (en) 2011-10-26

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