CN101358810B - Blast furnace - Google Patents
Blast furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN101358810B CN101358810B CN2008101324604A CN200810132460A CN101358810B CN 101358810 B CN101358810 B CN 101358810B CN 2008101324604 A CN2008101324604 A CN 2008101324604A CN 200810132460 A CN200810132460 A CN 200810132460A CN 101358810 B CN101358810 B CN 101358810B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a blast furnace, and comprises a furnace hearth, wherein, the furnace hearth comprises a hearth side wall, a slag-discharging port that is arranged on the upper part of the hearth side wall, and a discharging port that is arranged at the lower part of the hearth side wall; the furnace hearth is connected with a stack water jacket; the stack water jacket comprises a plurality of blast orifices; the stack is connected with a furnace roof; the furnace roof comprises a furnace-roof side wall, a furnace-roof top wall that is connected with the furnace-roof side wall, and a feeding pipe that is arranged at the center of the furnace-roof top wall; the feeding pipe comprises a feeding-pipe water jacket; the stack water jacket is connected with the feeding pipe. A feeding pipe with a cooling water jacket is arranged at the center of the top wall of the furnace roof, so that the feeding pipe with the cooling water jacket can be prevented from being burned, and the furnace material and the coke can be successfully and uniformly distributed inside the blast furnace; a water tank is provided to supply cooling water for the feeding-pipe water jacket and the furnace-roof water jacket; the water level of the water tank is higher than that of the feeding-pipe water jacket; the cooling water can form a closed automatic cycling under the high temperature of 100 DEG C, so that no pressurizing water pump is required, thereby reducing the cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to smelting device, be specifically related to a kind of blast furnace.
Background technology
In smelting field of nonferrous metal, blast furnace has a long history as a kind of pyrometallurgy smelting equipment, compare with rotary furnace with electric furnace, blast furnace is simple, the thermal efficiency is high, investment is little, operating cost is low, production of units energy rate height, the metal recovery rate height, so blast furnace extracts the optimal selection that heavy metal becomes the many enterprises of China.
With the nickel smelting is example, and nickel has excellent mechanical intensity and ductility, and infusibility is high temperature resistant, and has very high chemical stability, is the important source material of making stainless steel, high nickel steel and structural alloy steel.Can two classes be arranged for the nickel resources of human development utilization at present, a class is the mercury oxide nickel minerals, also claims lateritic nickel ore, and another kind of is nickel sulfide ore.About 1.6 hundred million tons of the explored nickel resources in the whole world, wherein 30% is that nickel sulfide ore, 70% is lateritic nickel ore, the nickel product has 60% to come from sulphide ore approximately.
Laterite is the loose argillaceous ore that hydrous oxides such as iron, aluminium, silicon are formed, by nickeliferous rock decay, soak pouring, alteration, enrichment and form, be divided into two types, a kind of is the limonite type, is positioned at the top in mineral deposit, and iron height, nickel are low, silicon magnesium is lower, but cobalt content is higher, and this ore should adopt hydrometallurgical processes to handle, and the slag that smelting ferronickel produces is used for the production of steel; Another kind is a garnierite, is positioned at the bottom in mineral deposit, and silicon, content of magnesium are higher, and iron, cobalt content are lower, but nickel content is higher, and this ore should adopt fire metallurgy process to handle, and blast furnace is the important smelting equipment of silicium magnesium laterite ore.
During melting, at first coke is placed in the water jacket by the charging aperture that is arranged on the blast furnace sidewall, after sending into air in the stove by blast orifice, light coke, and then add flux successively, vulcanizing agent, the laterite agglomerate, temperature in the water jacket is upwards successively decreased successively from tuyere area, temperature at tuyere area can reach 1600 ℃, after coke fully burns, following make sulphur and slag making reaction take place in laterite and flux and vulcanizing agent, generate bigger low nickel matte of density and the less slag of density that swims in above the low nickel matte in cupola well, the main component of low nickel matte is that the sulfide of nickel and iron is sulfonium, and the composition of slag is generally FeOSiO
2, CaOSiO
2, MgOSiO
2Deng, after reaction is finished, from slag notch with go out the sulfonium mouth and discharge slag and furnace charge respectively.
Under prior art, charging is gone into stove from blast furnace sidewall charging aperture, therefore cause burden distribution even easily, and, because being piece material not of uniform size, furnace charge forms, when feeding in raw material from the shaft side, the small powder piece slides to the sidewall of shaft easily, the air port can be blocked like this, the working of a furnace is worsened, can stop melting reaction when serious.But during from the blast furnace top intermediate feed,, easily charging aperture is burnt out, be difficult for realizing stablizing charging, and make the furnace charge uniform distribution in blast furnace because temperature is higher in the blast furnace.
Therefore, need a kind of furnace charge that can make to be evenly distributed on the interior blast furnace of shaft,, successfully carry out melting reaction to optimize the working of a furnace.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is, provides a kind of furnace charge that can make to be evenly distributed on the interior blast furnace of shaft, optimizes the working of a furnace, successfully carries out melting reaction.
For solving above technical problem, the invention provides a kind of blast furnace, comprising:
Cupola well, described cupola well comprise the discharging opening that sluice gate and cupola well lower sidewall of cupola well sidewall, cupola well side wall upper part;
The shaft water jacket that is connected with cupola well on the cupola well, described shaft water jacket comprises a plurality of blast orifices;
The furnace roof that is connected with the shaft water jacket on the shaft water jacket, described furnace roof comprise the tremie pipe at furnace roof sidewall, the furnace roof roof that is connected with the furnace roof sidewall, furnace roof roof center, and described tremie pipe comprises the tremie pipe water jacket;
Be the tank of described water jacket cooling water supply, the liquid level of described tank is higher than the liquid level of tremie pipe water jacket.
Preferably, described furnace roof wall comprises furnace roof wall water jacket, and described furnace roof wall water jacket and tremie pipe water jacket are connected to form the furnace roof cooling water system.
Preferably, first water inlet pipe of described furnace roof cooling water system is connected the bottom of described tremie pipe water jacket.
Preferably, first outlet pipe of described furnace roof wall cooling water system is connected with furnace roof wall water jacket.
Preferably, described shaft water jacket comprises second water inlet pipe of shaft jacket sidewall bottom and second place's water pipe on shaft jacket sidewall top.
Preferably, described first water inlet pipe is connected with the delivery port of described tank with second water inlet pipe, and described first outlet pipe is connected with the water inlet of described tank with second outlet pipe.
Preferably, the height of described tremie pipe is not more than the height of furnace roof.
Preferably, the shape of cross section of described tremie pipe is circular or oval.
Preferably, described blast orifice is in the bottom of shaft water jacket.
The invention provides a kind of blast furnace, be used for the smelting of non-ferrous metals such as copper smelting, nickel.Blast furnace provided by the invention comprises cupola well, shaft water jacket, furnace roof.The present invention is provided with the tremie pipe of cooling jacket at furnace roof roof center, the tremie pipe that has cooling jacket can prevent by scaling loss, therefore charging smoothly and furnace charge and coke be evenly distributed in the blast furnace, the present invention is by being provided as the tank of tremie pipe water jacket and furnace roof water jacket cooling water supply, the liquid level of tank is higher than the liquid level of tremie pipe water jacket, cooling water can form closed circuit automatic circulation under the high temperature about 100 ℃, therefore pressure pump can be set, reduce cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of specific embodiment of blast furnace provided by the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The invention provides a kind of blast furnace, be used for the smelting of non-ferrous metals such as copper, nickel, blast furnace provided by the invention helps the uniform distribution of furnace charge and fuel, improves working of a furnace reaction condition, with the rate of recovery with non-ferrous metal enrichment in the ore deposit.
In order to make those skilled in the art understand technical solution of the present invention better, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the concrete embodiment of a kind of blast furnace provided by the present invention.In a kind of specific embodiment, blast furnace provided by the invention vertically is installed on the pedestal 4, and the material of pedestal is a refractory brick.Blast furnace comprises cupola well 3, cupola well 3 comprises the cupola well sidewall 31 of vertical firebrick structure, and shaft sidewall 31 is cylindrical, and slag outlet 32 is arranged on the top of shaft sidewall 31, in the bottom of shaft sidewall discharging opening 33 is arranged, the Way out of discharging opening 33 and slag outlet 32 is opposite.For the number of slag notch and discharging opening, the present invention is also unrestricted, can modulate the number of cinder notch and discharging opening according to the size of actual furnaces bed ability.
Top and the shaft water jacket 2 of cupola well 3 is connected, and shaft water jacket and cupola well are cast steel.The cross section of shaft water jacket 2 is circular, and in order to help the uniform distribution of furnace charge, the sidewall of shaft water jacket 2 becomes 15 degree angles with vertical curve, and among the present invention, the sidewall of shaft can become 10 to spend the angle of～30 degree with vertical curve.In order to improve cooling effectiveness, second water inlet pipe 21 of shaft water jacket 2 is below the shaft sidewall, and second outlet pipe 23 is on the shaft jacket sidewall.
In the bottom of shaft water jacket 2, comprise and divide equally 18 blast orifices 22 that are distributed in the shaft sidewall that the present invention is also unrestricted for the number of blast orifice, can be 5～30 blast orifices.For air blast uniformly in stove, and make the air can be effectively and coke gasification reaction, the air blast direction of blast orifice becomes the angle of 5 degree～15 degree with horizontal line, preferably, the air blast direction of blast orifice becomes the angle of 7 degree～11 degree with horizontal line, in the present embodiment, the air blast direction of blast orifice 22 becomes 11 degree angles with horizontal line.For the shape in air port, should be oblateness, Long Circle or the rectangle of width greater than height, the ratio of the wide and height of blast orifice is 2/1～30/1, preferably, the ratio of the wide and height of blast orifice is 5/1～20/1, in the present embodiment, blast orifice is oblate, and wide ratio with height is 10/1.
Link to each other with furnace roof 1 above the shaft water jacket 2, the material of furnace roof can be identical with cupola well.Furnace roof 1 is cylindrical, and pipe 14 is arranged on the sidewall of furnace roof 1.Be connected with the furnace roof wall above the furnace roof sidewall, furnace roof wall water jacket 11 is arranged on the furnace roof wall, columniform tremie pipe 12 is arranged at the center of furnace roof wall, the feed opening of tremie pipe 12 is slightly higher than furnace roof wall, and the height of tremie pipe 12 equates substantially with the height of furnace roof 1.For tremie pipe is cooled off, tremie pipe also comprises tremie pipe cooling jacket 17, tremie pipe cooling jacket and furnace roof wall water jacket 11 are connected to form the furnace roof cooling water system, in order to improve cooling effectiveness, first water inlet pipe 14 of described furnace roof cooling system be connected the tremie pipe cooling jacket below, first outlet pipe 13 of furnace roof cooling system is connected with furnace roof wall water jacket 11.
Blast furnace also comprises the tank that the water source is provided, and the liquid level of described tank is higher than the liquid level of tremie pipe water jacket 15.First water inlet pipe 14 of furnace roof cooling system is connected with the outlet pipe 5 of tank with second water inlet pipe, 21 backs in parallel of shaft water jacket, and first outlet pipe 13 of furnace roof cooling system is connected with the return pipe of tank with second outlet pipe, 23 backs in parallel of shaft water jacket.Because the liquid level of tank is higher than the liquid level of tremie pipe water jacket, therefore can automatic water supplement, and when carrying out melting reaction, the temperature of shaft water jacket tuyere area is the highest, the water at shaft water jacket place constantly is heated, thereby the cooling system of furnace roof cooling system and shaft water jacket and tank form the airtight circulatory system, and cooling water is closed circuit automatic circulation under the high temperature about 100 ℃, do not need to be provided with pressure pump and moisturizing personnel, only need in tank, to mend the water of going into to lose in good time and get final product because of evaporation.
Because tremie pipe is arranged on the roof center of furnace roof, and the furnace charge of blast furnace and coke are piece material not of uniform size, during from furnace roof roof centre charging, the furnace charge of fritter and coke can remain the center of dropping on charging, and the furnace charge of bulk and coke can roll the sidewall to shaft, because the furnace charge and the hole between the coke of bulk are big, therefore be very beneficial for being blown into of air, the flowability of air increases, and makes the burning of coke more abundant, the heat that produces is big, helps the fusing of furnace charge.Therefore, during from the blanking of furnace roof roof center, not only help the uniform distribution of furnace charge and coke, and make the furnace charge of bulk furnace charge, coke and fritter, coke being assigned in shaft be beneficial to melting at whole shaft.
In order effectively to utilize the space of blast furnace, also in order to make charging convenient, tremie pipe can be arranged on the roof bottom fully, the charging aperture that is tremie pipe is lower than the furnace roof roof, because blast furnace is worked continuously, and needs continuous feed, if charging aperture is lower than the furnace roof roof, add truck and can directly shift charging in the direction blast furnace on the charging aperture onto, therefore can obviously increase work efficiency.
During the blast furnace operate as normal, the tuyere area temperature is the highest can be reached more than 1600 ℃, reduces gradually from the tuyere area to the top temperature, can reach about 600 ℃ in head temperature, and furnace charge begins successively through super-dry, roasting, fusion process from furnace roof.In order to help the uniform distribution in shaft of furnace charge and coke, tremie pipe should extend to the furnace roof below as far as possible, but in order to leave the enough downward spaces of furnace charge for, the height of tremie pipe should not surpass the height of furnace roof.Because tremie pipe 12 has tremie pipe cooling jacket 17, therefore can prevent that tremie pipe from burning out.
In addition, at lasting when filling with substance, furnace charge and coke need be added to always the touching till the tremie pipe bottom of furnace charge, because the small powder piece all concentrates on the center, and flue gas can all be drained by the exhaust opening of furnace roof sidewall, therefore blast furnace is basic sealing at the top, not only can keep the good working of a furnace, and not pollute the environment.
When melting reaction is carried out in preparation, elder generation puts into firewood in shaft, coke toasts, for blast furnace heats up, after the intensification, remove the charcoal lime-ash of baking shaft earlier, add firewood again and be higher than tuyere line 0.5～0.8m, open air port gravity-flow ventilation burning 0.5～1 hour, add coke gradually and begin air blast, when the tuyere area coke reaches the white-hot point, can add flux, vulcanizing agent, laterite agglomerate and react reinforced need always carrying out, the bottom of tremie pipe is blocked progressively deslagging and blowing after reaction time of advent with furnace charge.Air blast siege ability provided by the invention is greater than 50 tons/meter
2My god, the rate of recovery during the preparation low nickel matte can reach more than 90%.
For the shape of cross section of tremie pipe, the present invention and without particular limitation can preferably, be a circle or oval for circular, oval, square, triangle or other known form.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. blast furnace comprises:
Cupola well, described cupola well comprise the slag notch of cupola well sidewall, cupola well side wall upper part and the discharging opening of cupola well lower sidewall;
Described blast furnace also comprises the shaft water jacket, top and the described shaft water jacket of described cupola well is connected, described shaft water jacket comprises a plurality of blast orifices, the air blast direction of described blast orifice becomes the angle of 5 degree～15 degree with horizontal line, the ratio of the wide and height of blast orifice is 5/1～20/1, and blast orifice is the oblateness of width greater than height;
Described blast furnace also comprises furnace roof, and the top and described furnace roof of described shaft water jacket is connected, and described furnace roof comprises the tremie pipe at furnace roof sidewall, the furnace roof roof that is connected with the furnace roof sidewall, furnace roof roof center, and described tremie pipe comprises the tremie pipe water jacket;
Be the tank of described water jacket cooling water supply, the liquid level of described tank is higher than the liquid level of tremie pipe water jacket;
Described furnace roof roof comprises furnace roof wall water jacket, and described furnace roof wall water jacket and tremie pipe water jacket are connected to form the furnace roof cooling water system.
2. blast furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that first water inlet pipe of described furnace roof cooling water system is connected the bottom of described tremie pipe water jacket.
3. blast furnace according to claim 2 is characterized in that first outlet pipe of described furnace roof cooling water system is connected with furnace roof wall water jacket.
4. blast furnace according to claim 3 is characterized in that described shaft water jacket comprises second water inlet pipe of shaft jacket sidewall bottom and second outlet pipe on shaft jacket sidewall top.
5. blast furnace according to claim 4 is characterized in that described first water inlet pipe is connected with the delivery port of described tank with second water inlet pipe, and described first outlet pipe is connected with the water inlet of described tank with second outlet pipe.
6. according to each described blast furnace of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that the charging aperture of described tremie pipe is higher than the furnace roof roof.
7. blast furnace according to claim 6 is characterized in that the height of described tremie pipe is not more than the height of furnace roof.
8. blast furnace according to claim 5, the shape of cross section that it is characterized in that described tremie pipe is for circular or oval.
9. blast furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that the bottom of described blast orifice at the shaft water jacket.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101324604A CN101358810B (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2008-07-16 | Blast furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101324604A CN101358810B (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2008-07-16 | Blast furnace |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101358810A CN101358810A (en) | 2009-02-04 |
| CN101358810B true CN101358810B (en) | 2011-02-02 |
Family
ID=40331330
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101324604A Expired - Fee Related CN101358810B (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2008-07-16 | Blast furnace |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109609774B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-24 | 耒阳市焱鑫有色金属有限公司 | Temperature-controlled blast furnace with multilayer tuyere and high-coke column for arsenic removal of high-antimony secondary smoke dust |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2114801U (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1992-09-02 | 袁尚琳 | Circulation water layer furnace gate |
| CN2481979Y (en) * | 2001-06-12 | 2002-03-13 | 昆明理工大学 | Innoxious sealed refuse gasifying reduction melting incinerator |
| CN2614338Y (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2004-05-05 | 河南豫光金铅股份有限公司 | Stick resistant protector for water jacket of charging opening of bottom blowing furnace |
| CN101008554A (en) * | 2006-01-26 | 2007-08-01 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Shaft furnace for production of ferrochromium and smelting method thereof |
-
2008
- 2008-07-16 CN CN2008101324604A patent/CN101358810B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2114801U (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1992-09-02 | 袁尚琳 | Circulation water layer furnace gate |
| CN2481979Y (en) * | 2001-06-12 | 2002-03-13 | 昆明理工大学 | Innoxious sealed refuse gasifying reduction melting incinerator |
| CN2614338Y (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2004-05-05 | 河南豫光金铅股份有限公司 | Stick resistant protector for water jacket of charging opening of bottom blowing furnace |
| CN101008554A (en) * | 2006-01-26 | 2007-08-01 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Shaft furnace for production of ferrochromium and smelting method thereof |
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| CN101358810A (en) | 2009-02-04 |
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